1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1994, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package java.lang;
  27 
  28 import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement;
  29 import java.lang.reflect.Array;
  30 import java.lang.reflect.GenericArrayType;
  31 import java.lang.reflect.GenericDeclaration;
  32 import java.lang.reflect.Member;
  33 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
  34 import java.lang.reflect.Executable;
  35 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
  36 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
  37 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
  38 import java.lang.reflect.Type;
  39 import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;
  40 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
  41 import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedType;
  42 import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
  43 import java.io.InputStream;
  44 import java.io.ObjectStreamField;
  45 import java.security.AccessController;
  46 import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
  47 import java.util.ArrayList;
  48 import java.util.Arrays;
  49 import java.util.Collection;
  50 import java.util.HashSet;
  51 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
  52 import java.util.List;
  53 import java.util.Set;
  54 import java.util.Map;
  55 import java.util.HashMap;
  56 import java.util.Objects;
  57 import java.util.StringJoiner;
  58 import sun.misc.Unsafe;
  59 import jdk.internal.HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate;
  60 import sun.reflect.CallerSensitive;
  61 import sun.reflect.ConstantPool;
  62 import sun.reflect.Reflection;
  63 import sun.reflect.ReflectionFactory;
  64 import sun.reflect.generics.factory.CoreReflectionFactory;
  65 import sun.reflect.generics.factory.GenericsFactory;
  66 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ClassRepository;
  67 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.MethodRepository;
  68 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ConstructorRepository;
  69 import sun.reflect.generics.scope.ClassScope;
  70 import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
  71 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
  72 import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
  73 import sun.reflect.annotation.*;
  74 import sun.reflect.misc.ReflectUtil;
  75 
  76 /**
  77  * Instances of the class {@code Class} represent classes and
  78  * interfaces in a running Java application.  An enum is a kind of
  79  * class and an annotation is a kind of interface.  Every array also
  80  * belongs to a class that is reflected as a {@code Class} object
  81  * that is shared by all arrays with the same element type and number
  82  * of dimensions.  The primitive Java types ({@code boolean},
  83  * {@code byte}, {@code char}, {@code short},
  84  * {@code int}, {@code long}, {@code float}, and
  85  * {@code double}), and the keyword {@code void} are also
  86  * represented as {@code Class} objects.
  87  *
  88  * <p> {@code Class} has no public constructor. Instead {@code Class}
  89  * objects are constructed automatically by the Java Virtual Machine as classes
  90  * are loaded and by calls to the {@code defineClass} method in the class
  91  * loader.
  92  *
  93  * <p> The following example uses a {@code Class} object to print the
  94  * class name of an object:
  95  *
  96  * <blockquote><pre>
  97  *     void printClassName(Object obj) {
  98  *         System.out.println("The class of " + obj +
  99  *                            " is " + obj.getClass().getName());
 100  *     }
 101  * </pre></blockquote>
 102  *
 103  * <p> It is also possible to get the {@code Class} object for a named
 104  * type (or for void) using a class literal.  See Section 15.8.2 of
 105  * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>.
 106  * For example:
 107  *
 108  * <blockquote>
 109  *     {@code System.out.println("The name of class Foo is: "+Foo.class.getName());}
 110  * </blockquote>
 111  *
 112  * @param <T> the type of the class modeled by this {@code Class}
 113  * object.  For example, the type of {@code String.class} is {@code
 114  * Class<String>}.  Use {@code Class<?>} if the class being modeled is
 115  * unknown.
 116  *
 117  * @author  unascribed
 118  * @see     java.lang.ClassLoader#defineClass(byte[], int, int)
 119  * @since   1.0
 120  */
 121 public final class Class<T> implements java.io.Serializable,
 122                               GenericDeclaration,
 123                               Type,
 124                               AnnotatedElement {
 125     private static final int ANNOTATION= 0x00002000;
 126     private static final int ENUM      = 0x00004000;
 127     private static final int SYNTHETIC = 0x00001000;
 128 
 129     private static native void registerNatives();
 130     static {
 131         registerNatives();
 132     }
 133 
 134     /*
 135      * Private constructor. Only the Java Virtual Machine creates Class objects.
 136      * This constructor is not used and prevents the default constructor being
 137      * generated.
 138      */
 139     private Class(ClassLoader loader, Class<?> arrayComponentType) {
 140         // Initialize final field for classLoader.  The initialization value of non-null
 141         // prevents future JIT optimizations from assuming this final field is null.
 142         classLoader = loader;
 143         componentType = arrayComponentType;
 144     }
 145 
 146     /**
 147      * Converts the object to a string. The string representation is the
 148      * string "class" or "interface", followed by a space, and then by the
 149      * fully qualified name of the class in the format returned by
 150      * {@code getName}.  If this {@code Class} object represents a
 151      * primitive type, this method returns the name of the primitive type.  If
 152      * this {@code Class} object represents void this method returns
 153      * "void". If this {@code Class} object represents an array type,
 154      * this method returns "class " followed by {@code getName}.
 155      *
 156      * @return a string representation of this class object.
 157      */
 158     public String toString() {
 159         return (isInterface() ? "interface " : (isPrimitive() ? "" : "class "))
 160             + getName();
 161     }
 162 
 163     /**
 164      * Returns a string describing this {@code Class}, including
 165      * information about modifiers and type parameters.
 166      *
 167      * The string is formatted as a list of type modifiers, if any,
 168      * followed by the kind of type (empty string for primitive types
 169      * and {@code class}, {@code enum}, {@code interface}, or
 170      * <code>&#64;</code>{@code interface}, as appropriate), followed
 171      * by the type's name, followed by an angle-bracketed
 172      * comma-separated list of the type's type parameters, if any.
 173      *
 174      * A space is used to separate modifiers from one another and to
 175      * separate any modifiers from the kind of type. The modifiers
 176      * occur in canonical order. If there are no type parameters, the
 177      * type parameter list is elided.
 178      *
 179      * For an array type, the string starts with the type name,
 180      * followed by an angle-bracketed comma-separated list of the
 181      * type's type parameters, if any, followed by a sequence of
 182      * {@code []} characters, one set of brackets per dimension of
 183      * the array.
 184      *
 185      * <p>Note that since information about the runtime representation
 186      * of a type is being generated, modifiers not present on the
 187      * originating source code or illegal on the originating source
 188      * code may be present.
 189      *
 190      * @return a string describing this {@code Class}, including
 191      * information about modifiers and type parameters
 192      *
 193      * @since 1.8
 194      */
 195     public String toGenericString() {
 196         if (isPrimitive()) {
 197             return toString();
 198         } else {
 199             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 200             Class<?> component = this;
 201             int arrayDepth = 0;
 202 
 203             if (isArray()) {
 204                 do {
 205                     arrayDepth++;
 206                     component = component.getComponentType();
 207                 } while (component.isArray());
 208                 sb.append(component.getName());
 209             } else {
 210                 // Class modifiers are a superset of interface modifiers
 211                 int modifiers = getModifiers() & Modifier.classModifiers();
 212                 if (modifiers != 0) {
 213                     sb.append(Modifier.toString(modifiers));
 214                     sb.append(' ');
 215                 }
 216 
 217                 if (isAnnotation()) {
 218                     sb.append('@');
 219                 }
 220                 if (isInterface()) { // Note: all annotation types are interfaces
 221                     sb.append("interface");
 222                 } else {
 223                     if (isEnum())
 224                         sb.append("enum");
 225                     else
 226                         sb.append("class");
 227                 }
 228                 sb.append(' ');
 229                 sb.append(getName());
 230             }
 231 
 232             TypeVariable<?>[] typeparms = component.getTypeParameters();
 233             if (typeparms.length > 0) {
 234                 boolean first = true;
 235                 sb.append('<');
 236                 for(TypeVariable<?> typeparm: typeparms) {
 237                     if (!first)
 238                         sb.append(',');
 239                     sb.append(typeparm.getTypeName());
 240                     first = false;
 241                 }
 242                 sb.append('>');
 243             }
 244 
 245             for (int i = 0; i < arrayDepth; i++)
 246                 sb.append("[]");
 247 
 248             return sb.toString();
 249         }
 250     }
 251 
 252     /**
 253      * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
 254      * interface with the given string name.  Invoking this method is
 255      * equivalent to:
 256      *
 257      * <blockquote>
 258      *  {@code Class.forName(className, true, currentLoader)}
 259      * </blockquote>
 260      *
 261      * where {@code currentLoader} denotes the defining class loader of
 262      * the current class.
 263      *
 264      * <p> For example, the following code fragment returns the
 265      * runtime {@code Class} descriptor for the class named
 266      * {@code java.lang.Thread}:
 267      *
 268      * <blockquote>
 269      *   {@code Class t = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread")}
 270      * </blockquote>
 271      * <p>
 272      * A call to {@code forName("X")} causes the class named
 273      * {@code X} to be initialized.
 274      *
 275      * @param      className   the fully qualified name of the desired class.
 276      * @return     the {@code Class} object for the class with the
 277      *             specified name.
 278      * @exception LinkageError if the linkage fails
 279      * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
 280      *            by this method fails
 281      * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located
 282      */
 283     @CallerSensitive
 284     public static Class<?> forName(String className)
 285                 throws ClassNotFoundException {
 286         Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 287         return forName0(className, true, ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller), caller);
 288     }
 289 
 290 
 291     /**
 292      * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
 293      * interface with the given string name, using the given class loader.
 294      * Given the fully qualified name for a class or interface (in the same
 295      * format returned by {@code getName}) this method attempts to
 296      * locate, load, and link the class or interface.  The specified class
 297      * loader is used to load the class or interface.  If the parameter
 298      * {@code loader} is null, the class is loaded through the bootstrap
 299      * class loader.  The class is initialized only if the
 300      * {@code initialize} parameter is {@code true} and if it has
 301      * not been initialized earlier.
 302      *
 303      * <p> If {@code name} denotes a primitive type or void, an attempt
 304      * will be made to locate a user-defined class in the unnamed package whose
 305      * name is {@code name}. Therefore, this method cannot be used to
 306      * obtain any of the {@code Class} objects representing primitive
 307      * types or void.
 308      *
 309      * <p> If {@code name} denotes an array class, the component type of
 310      * the array class is loaded but not initialized.
 311      *
 312      * <p> For example, in an instance method the expression:
 313      *
 314      * <blockquote>
 315      *  {@code Class.forName("Foo")}
 316      * </blockquote>
 317      *
 318      * is equivalent to:
 319      *
 320      * <blockquote>
 321      *  {@code Class.forName("Foo", true, this.getClass().getClassLoader())}
 322      * </blockquote>
 323      *
 324      * Note that this method throws errors related to loading, linking or
 325      * initializing as specified in Sections 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4 of <em>The
 326      * Java Language Specification</em>.
 327      * Note that this method does not check whether the requested class
 328      * is accessible to its caller.
 329      *
 330      * <p> If the {@code loader} is {@code null}, and a security
 331      * manager is present, and the caller's class loader is not null, then this
 332      * method calls the security manager's {@code checkPermission} method
 333      * with a {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")} permission to
 334      * ensure it's ok to access the bootstrap class loader.
 335      *
 336      * @param name       fully qualified name of the desired class
 337      * @param initialize if {@code true} the class will be initialized.
 338      *                   See Section 12.4 of <em>The Java Language Specification</em>.
 339      * @param loader     class loader from which the class must be loaded
 340      * @return           class object representing the desired class
 341      *
 342      * @exception LinkageError if the linkage fails
 343      * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
 344      *            by this method fails
 345      * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located by
 346      *            the specified class loader
 347      *
 348      * @see       java.lang.Class#forName(String)
 349      * @see       java.lang.ClassLoader
 350      * @since     1.2
 351      */
 352     @CallerSensitive
 353     public static Class<?> forName(String name, boolean initialize,
 354                                    ClassLoader loader)
 355         throws ClassNotFoundException
 356     {
 357         Class<?> caller = null;
 358         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 359         if (sm != null) {
 360             // Reflective call to get caller class is only needed if a security manager
 361             // is present.  Avoid the overhead of making this call otherwise.
 362             caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 363             if (sun.misc.VM.isSystemDomainLoader(loader)) {
 364                 ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller);
 365                 if (!sun.misc.VM.isSystemDomainLoader(ccl)) {
 366                     sm.checkPermission(
 367                         SecurityConstants.GET_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);
 368                 }
 369             }
 370         }
 371         return forName0(name, initialize, loader, caller);
 372     }
 373 
 374     /** Called after security check for system loader access checks have been made. */
 375     private static native Class<?> forName0(String name, boolean initialize,
 376                                             ClassLoader loader,
 377                                             Class<?> caller)
 378         throws ClassNotFoundException;
 379 
 380     /**
 381      * Creates a new instance of the class represented by this {@code Class}
 382      * object.  The class is instantiated as if by a {@code new}
 383      * expression with an empty argument list.  The class is initialized if it
 384      * has not already been initialized.
 385      *
 386      * <p>Note that this method propagates any exception thrown by the
 387      * nullary constructor, including a checked exception.  Use of
 388      * this method effectively bypasses the compile-time exception
 389      * checking that would otherwise be performed by the compiler.
 390      * The {@link
 391      * java.lang.reflect.Constructor#newInstance(java.lang.Object...)
 392      * Constructor.newInstance} method avoids this problem by wrapping
 393      * any exception thrown by the constructor in a (checked) {@link
 394      * java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException}.
 395      *
 396      * @return  a newly allocated instance of the class represented by this
 397      *          object.
 398      * @throws  IllegalAccessException  if the class or its nullary
 399      *          constructor is not accessible.
 400      * @throws  InstantiationException
 401      *          if this {@code Class} represents an abstract class,
 402      *          an interface, an array class, a primitive type, or void;
 403      *          or if the class has no nullary constructor;
 404      *          or if the instantiation fails for some other reason.
 405      * @throws  ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization
 406      *          provoked by this method fails.
 407      * @throws  SecurityException
 408      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
 409      *          the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
 410      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
 411      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
 412      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
 413      *          of this class.
 414      */
 415     @CallerSensitive
 416     public T newInstance()
 417         throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
 418     {
 419         if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
 420             checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
 421         }
 422 
 423         // NOTE: the following code may not be strictly correct under
 424         // the current Java memory model.
 425 
 426         // Constructor lookup
 427         if (cachedConstructor == null) {
 428             if (this == Class.class) {
 429                 throw new IllegalAccessException(
 430                     "Can not call newInstance() on the Class for java.lang.Class"
 431                 );
 432             }
 433             try {
 434                 Class<?>[] empty = {};
 435                 final Constructor<T> c = getConstructor0(empty, Member.DECLARED);
 436                 // Disable accessibility checks on the constructor
 437                 // since we have to do the security check here anyway
 438                 // (the stack depth is wrong for the Constructor's
 439                 // security check to work)
 440                 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
 441                     new java.security.PrivilegedAction<>() {
 442                         public Void run() {
 443                                 c.setAccessible(true);
 444                                 return null;
 445                             }
 446                         });
 447                 cachedConstructor = c;
 448             } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
 449                 throw (InstantiationException)
 450                     new InstantiationException(getName()).initCause(e);
 451             }
 452         }
 453         Constructor<T> tmpConstructor = cachedConstructor;
 454         // Security check (same as in java.lang.reflect.Constructor)
 455         int modifiers = tmpConstructor.getModifiers();
 456         if (!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(this, modifiers)) {
 457             Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 458             if (newInstanceCallerCache != caller) {
 459                 Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(caller, this, null, modifiers);
 460                 newInstanceCallerCache = caller;
 461             }
 462         }
 463         // Run constructor
 464         try {
 465             return tmpConstructor.newInstance((Object[])null);
 466         } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
 467             Unsafe.getUnsafe().throwException(e.getTargetException());
 468             // Not reached
 469             return null;
 470         }
 471     }
 472     private volatile transient Constructor<T> cachedConstructor;
 473     private volatile transient Class<?>       newInstanceCallerCache;
 474 
 475 
 476     /**
 477      * Determines if the specified {@code Object} is assignment-compatible
 478      * with the object represented by this {@code Class}.  This method is
 479      * the dynamic equivalent of the Java language {@code instanceof}
 480      * operator. The method returns {@code true} if the specified
 481      * {@code Object} argument is non-null and can be cast to the
 482      * reference type represented by this {@code Class} object without
 483      * raising a {@code ClassCastException.} It returns {@code false}
 484      * otherwise.
 485      *
 486      * <p> Specifically, if this {@code Class} object represents a
 487      * declared class, this method returns {@code true} if the specified
 488      * {@code Object} argument is an instance of the represented class (or
 489      * of any of its subclasses); it returns {@code false} otherwise. If
 490      * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, this method
 491      * returns {@code true} if the specified {@code Object} argument
 492      * can be converted to an object of the array class by an identity
 493      * conversion or by a widening reference conversion; it returns
 494      * {@code false} otherwise. If this {@code Class} object
 495      * represents an interface, this method returns {@code true} if the
 496      * class or any superclass of the specified {@code Object} argument
 497      * implements this interface; it returns {@code false} otherwise. If
 498      * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, this method
 499      * returns {@code false}.
 500      *
 501      * @param   obj the object to check
 502      * @return  true if {@code obj} is an instance of this class
 503      *
 504      * @since 1.1
 505      */
 506     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
 507     public native boolean isInstance(Object obj);
 508 
 509 
 510     /**
 511      * Determines if the class or interface represented by this
 512      * {@code Class} object is either the same as, or is a superclass or
 513      * superinterface of, the class or interface represented by the specified
 514      * {@code Class} parameter. It returns {@code true} if so;
 515      * otherwise it returns {@code false}. If this {@code Class}
 516      * object represents a primitive type, this method returns
 517      * {@code true} if the specified {@code Class} parameter is
 518      * exactly this {@code Class} object; otherwise it returns
 519      * {@code false}.
 520      *
 521      * <p> Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the
 522      * specified {@code Class} parameter can be converted to the type
 523      * represented by this {@code Class} object via an identity conversion
 524      * or via a widening reference conversion. See <em>The Java Language
 525      * Specification</em>, sections 5.1.1 and 5.1.4 , for details.
 526      *
 527      * @param cls the {@code Class} object to be checked
 528      * @return the {@code boolean} value indicating whether objects of the
 529      * type {@code cls} can be assigned to objects of this class
 530      * @exception NullPointerException if the specified Class parameter is
 531      *            null.
 532      * @since 1.1
 533      */
 534     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
 535     public native boolean isAssignableFrom(Class<?> cls);
 536 
 537 
 538     /**
 539      * Determines if the specified {@code Class} object represents an
 540      * interface type.
 541      *
 542      * @return  {@code true} if this object represents an interface;
 543      *          {@code false} otherwise.
 544      */
 545     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
 546     public native boolean isInterface();
 547 
 548 
 549     /**
 550      * Determines if this {@code Class} object represents an array class.
 551      *
 552      * @return  {@code true} if this object represents an array class;
 553      *          {@code false} otherwise.
 554      * @since   1.1
 555      */
 556     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
 557     public native boolean isArray();
 558 
 559 
 560     /**
 561      * Determines if the specified {@code Class} object represents a
 562      * primitive type.
 563      *
 564      * <p> There are nine predefined {@code Class} objects to represent
 565      * the eight primitive types and void.  These are created by the Java
 566      * Virtual Machine, and have the same names as the primitive types that
 567      * they represent, namely {@code boolean}, {@code byte},
 568      * {@code char}, {@code short}, {@code int},
 569      * {@code long}, {@code float}, and {@code double}.
 570      *
 571      * <p> These objects may only be accessed via the following public static
 572      * final variables, and are the only {@code Class} objects for which
 573      * this method returns {@code true}.
 574      *
 575      * @return true if and only if this class represents a primitive type
 576      *
 577      * @see     java.lang.Boolean#TYPE
 578      * @see     java.lang.Character#TYPE
 579      * @see     java.lang.Byte#TYPE
 580      * @see     java.lang.Short#TYPE
 581      * @see     java.lang.Integer#TYPE
 582      * @see     java.lang.Long#TYPE
 583      * @see     java.lang.Float#TYPE
 584      * @see     java.lang.Double#TYPE
 585      * @see     java.lang.Void#TYPE
 586      * @since 1.1
 587      */
 588     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
 589     public native boolean isPrimitive();
 590 
 591     /**
 592      * Returns true if this {@code Class} object represents an annotation
 593      * type.  Note that if this method returns true, {@link #isInterface()}
 594      * would also return true, as all annotation types are also interfaces.
 595      *
 596      * @return {@code true} if this class object represents an annotation
 597      *      type; {@code false} otherwise
 598      * @since 1.5
 599      */
 600     public boolean isAnnotation() {
 601         return (getModifiers() & ANNOTATION) != 0;
 602     }
 603 
 604     /**
 605      * Returns {@code true} if this class is a synthetic class;
 606      * returns {@code false} otherwise.
 607      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a synthetic class as
 608      *         defined by the Java Language Specification.
 609      * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary
 610      * @since 1.5
 611      */
 612     public boolean isSynthetic() {
 613         return (getModifiers() & SYNTHETIC) != 0;
 614     }
 615 
 616     /**
 617      * Returns the  name of the entity (class, interface, array class,
 618      * primitive type, or void) represented by this {@code Class} object,
 619      * as a {@code String}.
 620      *
 621      * <p> If this class object represents a reference type that is not an
 622      * array type then the binary name of the class is returned, as specified
 623      * by
 624      * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>.
 625      *
 626      * <p> If this class object represents a primitive type or void, then the
 627      * name returned is a {@code String} equal to the Java language
 628      * keyword corresponding to the primitive type or void.
 629      *
 630      * <p> If this class object represents a class of arrays, then the internal
 631      * form of the name consists of the name of the element type preceded by
 632      * one or more '{@code [}' characters representing the depth of the array
 633      * nesting.  The encoding of element type names is as follows:
 634      *
 635      * <blockquote><table summary="Element types and encodings">
 636      * <tr><th> Element Type <th> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <th> Encoding
 637      * <tr><td> boolean      <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> Z
 638      * <tr><td> byte         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> B
 639      * <tr><td> char         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> C
 640      * <tr><td> class or interface
 641      *                       <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> L<i>classname</i>;
 642      * <tr><td> double       <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> D
 643      * <tr><td> float        <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> F
 644      * <tr><td> int          <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> I
 645      * <tr><td> long         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> J
 646      * <tr><td> short        <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> S
 647      * </table></blockquote>
 648      *
 649      * <p> The class or interface name <i>classname</i> is the binary name of
 650      * the class specified above.
 651      *
 652      * <p> Examples:
 653      * <blockquote><pre>
 654      * String.class.getName()
 655      *     returns "java.lang.String"
 656      * byte.class.getName()
 657      *     returns "byte"
 658      * (new Object[3]).getClass().getName()
 659      *     returns "[Ljava.lang.Object;"
 660      * (new int[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]).getClass().getName()
 661      *     returns "[[[[[[[I"
 662      * </pre></blockquote>
 663      *
 664      * @return  the name of the class or interface
 665      *          represented by this object.
 666      */
 667     public String getName() {
 668         String name = this.name;
 669         if (name == null)
 670             this.name = name = getName0();
 671         return name;
 672     }
 673 
 674     // cache the name to reduce the number of calls into the VM
 675     private transient String name;
 676     private native String getName0();
 677 
 678     /**
 679      * Returns the class loader for the class.  Some implementations may use
 680      * null to represent the bootstrap class loader. This method will return
 681      * null in such implementations if this class was loaded by the bootstrap
 682      * class loader.
 683      *
 684      * <p> If a security manager is present, and the caller's class loader is
 685      * not null and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of
 686      * the class loader for the class whose class loader is requested, then
 687      * this method calls the security manager's {@code checkPermission}
 688      * method with a {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")}
 689      * permission to ensure it's ok to access the class loader for the class.
 690      *
 691      * <p>If this object
 692      * represents a primitive type or void, null is returned.
 693      *
 694      * @return  the class loader that loaded the class or interface
 695      *          represented by this object.
 696      * @throws SecurityException
 697      *    if a security manager exists and its
 698      *    {@code checkPermission} method denies
 699      *    access to the class loader for the class.
 700      * @see java.lang.ClassLoader
 701      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
 702      * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
 703      */
 704     @CallerSensitive
 705     public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
 706         ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
 707         if (cl == null)
 708             return null;
 709         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 710         if (sm != null) {
 711             ClassLoader.checkClassLoaderPermission(cl, Reflection.getCallerClass());
 712         }
 713         return cl;
 714     }
 715 
 716     // Package-private to allow ClassLoader access
 717     ClassLoader getClassLoader0() { return classLoader; }
 718 
 719     // Initialized in JVM not by private constructor
 720     // This field is filtered from reflection access, i.e. getDeclaredField
 721     // will throw NoSuchFieldException
 722     private final ClassLoader classLoader;
 723 
 724     /**
 725      * Returns an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent the
 726      * type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this
 727      * {@code GenericDeclaration} object, in declaration order.  Returns an
 728      * array of length 0 if the underlying generic declaration declares no type
 729      * variables.
 730      *
 731      * @return an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent
 732      *     the type variables declared by this generic declaration
 733      * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
 734      *     signature of this generic declaration does not conform to
 735      *     the format specified in
 736      *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
 737      * @since 1.5
 738      */
 739     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 740     public TypeVariable<Class<T>>[] getTypeParameters() {
 741         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
 742         if (info != null)
 743             return (TypeVariable<Class<T>>[])info.getTypeParameters();
 744         else
 745             return (TypeVariable<Class<T>>[])new TypeVariable<?>[0];
 746     }
 747 
 748 
 749     /**
 750      * Returns the {@code Class} representing the direct superclass of the
 751      * entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by
 752      * this {@code Class}.  If this {@code Class} represents either the
 753      * {@code Object} class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then
 754      * null is returned.  If this object represents an array class then the
 755      * {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
 756      * returned.
 757      *
 758      * @return the direct superclass of the class represented by this object
 759      */
 760     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
 761     public native Class<? super T> getSuperclass();
 762 
 763 
 764     /**
 765      * Returns the {@code Type} representing the direct superclass of
 766      * the entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by
 767      * this {@code Class}.
 768      *
 769      * <p>If the superclass is a parameterized type, the {@code Type}
 770      * object returned must accurately reflect the actual type
 771      * parameters used in the source code. The parameterized type
 772      * representing the superclass is created if it had not been
 773      * created before. See the declaration of {@link
 774      * java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType} for the
 775      * semantics of the creation process for parameterized types.  If
 776      * this {@code Class} represents either the {@code Object}
 777      * class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then null is
 778      * returned.  If this object represents an array class then the
 779      * {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
 780      * returned.
 781      *
 782      * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
 783      *     class signature does not conform to the format specified in
 784      *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
 785      * @throws TypeNotPresentException if the generic superclass
 786      *     refers to a non-existent type declaration
 787      * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException if the
 788      *     generic superclass refers to a parameterized type that cannot be
 789      *     instantiated  for any reason
 790      * @return the direct superclass of the class represented by this object
 791      * @since 1.5
 792      */
 793     public Type getGenericSuperclass() {
 794         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
 795         if (info == null) {
 796             return getSuperclass();
 797         }
 798 
 799         // Historical irregularity:
 800         // Generic signature marks interfaces with superclass = Object
 801         // but this API returns null for interfaces
 802         if (isInterface()) {
 803             return null;
 804         }
 805 
 806         return info.getSuperclass();
 807     }
 808 
 809     /**
 810      * Gets the package for this class.  The class loader of this class is used
 811      * to find the package.  If the class was loaded by the bootstrap class
 812      * loader the set of packages loaded from CLASSPATH is searched to find the
 813      * package of the class. Null is returned if no package object was created
 814      * by the class loader of this class.
 815      *
 816      * <p> Packages have attributes for versions and specifications only if the
 817      * information was defined in the manifests that accompany the classes, and
 818      * if the class loader created the package instance with the attributes
 819      * from the manifest.
 820      *
 821      * @return the package of the class, or null if no package
 822      *         information is available from the archive or codebase.
 823      */
 824     public Package getPackage() {
 825         return Package.getPackage(this);
 826     }
 827 
 828 
 829     /**
 830      * Returns the interfaces directly implemented by the class or interface
 831      * represented by this object.
 832      *
 833      * <p>If this object represents a class, the return value is an array
 834      * containing objects representing all interfaces directly implemented by
 835      * the class.  The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds
 836      * to the order of the interface names in the {@code implements} clause of
 837      * the declaration of the class represented by this object.  For example,
 838      * given the declaration:
 839      * <blockquote>
 840      * {@code class Shimmer implements FloorWax, DessertTopping { ... }}
 841      * </blockquote>
 842      * suppose the value of {@code s} is an instance of
 843      * {@code Shimmer}; the value of the expression:
 844      * <blockquote>
 845      * {@code s.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]}
 846      * </blockquote>
 847      * is the {@code Class} object that represents interface
 848      * {@code FloorWax}; and the value of:
 849      * <blockquote>
 850      * {@code s.getClass().getInterfaces()[1]}
 851      * </blockquote>
 852      * is the {@code Class} object that represents interface
 853      * {@code DessertTopping}.
 854      *
 855      * <p>If this object represents an interface, the array contains objects
 856      * representing all interfaces directly extended by the interface.  The
 857      * order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of
 858      * the interface names in the {@code extends} clause of the declaration of
 859      * the interface represented by this object.
 860      *
 861      * <p>If this object represents a class or interface that implements no
 862      * interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.
 863      *
 864      * <p>If this object represents a primitive type or void, the method
 865      * returns an array of length 0.
 866      *
 867      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, the
 868      * interfaces {@code Cloneable} and {@code java.io.Serializable} are
 869      * returned in that order.
 870      *
 871      * @return an array of interfaces directly implemented by this class
 872      */
 873     public Class<?>[] getInterfaces() {
 874         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
 875         if (rd == null) {
 876             // no cloning required
 877             return getInterfaces0();
 878         } else {
 879             Class<?>[] interfaces = rd.interfaces;
 880             if (interfaces == null) {
 881                 interfaces = getInterfaces0();
 882                 rd.interfaces = interfaces;
 883             }
 884             // defensively copy before handing over to user code
 885             return interfaces.clone();
 886         }
 887     }
 888 
 889     private native Class<?>[] getInterfaces0();
 890 
 891     /**
 892      * Returns the {@code Type}s representing the interfaces
 893      * directly implemented by the class or interface represented by
 894      * this object.
 895      *
 896      * <p>If a superinterface is a parameterized type, the
 897      * {@code Type} object returned for it must accurately reflect
 898      * the actual type parameters used in the source code. The
 899      * parameterized type representing each superinterface is created
 900      * if it had not been created before. See the declaration of
 901      * {@link java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType}
 902      * for the semantics of the creation process for parameterized
 903      * types.
 904      *
 905      * <p>If this object represents a class, the return value is an array
 906      * containing objects representing all interfaces directly implemented by
 907      * the class.  The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds
 908      * to the order of the interface names in the {@code implements} clause of
 909      * the declaration of the class represented by this object.
 910      *
 911      * <p>If this object represents an interface, the array contains objects
 912      * representing all interfaces directly extended by the interface.  The
 913      * order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of
 914      * the interface names in the {@code extends} clause of the declaration of
 915      * the interface represented by this object.
 916      *
 917      * <p>If this object represents a class or interface that implements no
 918      * interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.
 919      *
 920      * <p>If this object represents a primitive type or void, the method
 921      * returns an array of length 0.
 922      *
 923      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, the
 924      * interfaces {@code Cloneable} and {@code java.io.Serializable} are
 925      * returned in that order.
 926      *
 927      * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError
 928      *     if the generic class signature does not conform to the format
 929      *     specified in
 930      *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
 931      * @throws TypeNotPresentException if any of the generic
 932      *     superinterfaces refers to a non-existent type declaration
 933      * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException
 934      *     if any of the generic superinterfaces refer to a parameterized
 935      *     type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
 936      * @return an array of interfaces directly implemented by this class
 937      * @since 1.5
 938      */
 939     public Type[] getGenericInterfaces() {
 940         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
 941         return (info == null) ?  getInterfaces() : info.getSuperInterfaces();
 942     }
 943 
 944 
 945     /**
 946      * Returns the {@code Class} representing the component type of an
 947      * array.  If this class does not represent an array class this method
 948      * returns null.
 949      *
 950      * @return the {@code Class} representing the component type of this
 951      * class if this class is an array
 952      * @see     java.lang.reflect.Array
 953      * @since 1.1
 954      */
 955     public Class<?> getComponentType() {
 956         // Only return for array types. Storage may be reused for Class for instance types.
 957         if (isArray()) {
 958             return componentType;
 959         } else {
 960             return null;
 961         }
 962     }
 963 
 964     private final Class<?> componentType;
 965 
 966 
 967     /**
 968      * Returns the Java language modifiers for this class or interface, encoded
 969      * in an integer. The modifiers consist of the Java Virtual Machine's
 970      * constants for {@code public}, {@code protected},
 971      * {@code private}, {@code final}, {@code static},
 972      * {@code abstract} and {@code interface}; they should be decoded
 973      * using the methods of class {@code Modifier}.
 974      *
 975      * <p> If the underlying class is an array class, then its
 976      * {@code public}, {@code private} and {@code protected}
 977      * modifiers are the same as those of its component type.  If this
 978      * {@code Class} represents a primitive type or void, its
 979      * {@code public} modifier is always {@code true}, and its
 980      * {@code protected} and {@code private} modifiers are always
 981      * {@code false}. If this object represents an array class, a
 982      * primitive type or void, then its {@code final} modifier is always
 983      * {@code true} and its interface modifier is always
 984      * {@code false}. The values of its other modifiers are not determined
 985      * by this specification.
 986      *
 987      * <p> The modifier encodings are defined in <em>The Java Virtual Machine
 988      * Specification</em>, table 4.1.
 989      *
 990      * @return the {@code int} representing the modifiers for this class
 991      * @see     java.lang.reflect.Modifier
 992      * @since 1.1
 993      */
 994     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
 995     public native int getModifiers();
 996 
 997 
 998     /**
 999      * Gets the signers of this class.
1000      *
1001      * @return  the signers of this class, or null if there are no signers.  In
1002      *          particular, this method returns null if this object represents
1003      *          a primitive type or void.
1004      * @since   1.1
1005      */
1006     public native Object[] getSigners();
1007 
1008 
1009     /**
1010      * Set the signers of this class.
1011      */
1012     native void setSigners(Object[] signers);
1013 
1014 
1015     /**
1016      * If this {@code Class} object represents a local or anonymous
1017      * class within a method, returns a {@link
1018      * java.lang.reflect.Method Method} object representing the
1019      * immediately enclosing method of the underlying class. Returns
1020      * {@code null} otherwise.
1021      *
1022      * In particular, this method returns {@code null} if the underlying
1023      * class is a local or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type
1024      * declaration, instance initializer or static initializer.
1025      *
1026      * @return the immediately enclosing method of the underlying class, if
1027      *     that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise {@code null}.
1028      *
1029      * @throws SecurityException
1030      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1031      *         following conditions is met:
1032      *
1033      *         <ul>
1034      *
1035      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1036      *         class loader of the enclosing class and invocation of
1037      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1038      *         s.checkPermission} method with
1039      *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1040      *         denies access to the methods within the enclosing class
1041      *
1042      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1043      *         ancestor of the class loader for the enclosing class and
1044      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1045      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1046      *         of the enclosing class
1047      *
1048      *         </ul>
1049      * @since 1.5
1050      */
1051     @CallerSensitive
1052     public Method getEnclosingMethod() throws SecurityException {
1053         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1054 
1055         if (enclosingInfo == null)
1056             return null;
1057         else {
1058             if (!enclosingInfo.isMethod())
1059                 return null;
1060 
1061             MethodRepository typeInfo = MethodRepository.make(enclosingInfo.getDescriptor(),
1062                                                               getFactory());
1063             Class<?>   returnType       = toClass(typeInfo.getReturnType());
1064             Type []    parameterTypes   = typeInfo.getParameterTypes();
1065             Class<?>[] parameterClasses = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];
1066 
1067             // Convert Types to Classes; returned types *should*
1068             // be class objects since the methodDescriptor's used
1069             // don't have generics information
1070             for(int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++)
1071                 parameterClasses[i] = toClass(parameterTypes[i]);
1072 
1073             // Perform access check
1074             final Class<?> enclosingCandidate = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1075             enclosingCandidate.checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED,
1076                                                  Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1077             // Client is ok to access declared methods but j.l.Class might not be.
1078             Method[] candidates = AccessController.doPrivileged(
1079                     new PrivilegedAction<>() {
1080                         @Override
1081                         public Method[] run() {
1082                             return enclosingCandidate.getDeclaredMethods();
1083                         }
1084                     });
1085             /*
1086              * Loop over all declared methods; match method name,
1087              * number of and type of parameters, *and* return
1088              * type.  Matching return type is also necessary
1089              * because of covariant returns, etc.
1090              */
1091             for(Method m: candidates) {
1092                 if (m.getName().equals(enclosingInfo.getName()) ) {
1093                     Class<?>[] candidateParamClasses = m.getParameterTypes();
1094                     if (candidateParamClasses.length == parameterClasses.length) {
1095                         boolean matches = true;
1096                         for(int i = 0; i < candidateParamClasses.length; i++) {
1097                             if (!candidateParamClasses[i].equals(parameterClasses[i])) {
1098                                 matches = false;
1099                                 break;
1100                             }
1101                         }
1102 
1103                         if (matches) { // finally, check return type
1104                             if (m.getReturnType().equals(returnType) )
1105                                 return m;
1106                         }
1107                     }
1108                 }
1109             }
1110 
1111             throw new InternalError("Enclosing method not found");
1112         }
1113     }
1114 
1115     private native Object[] getEnclosingMethod0();
1116 
1117     private EnclosingMethodInfo getEnclosingMethodInfo() {
1118         Object[] enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethod0();
1119         if (enclosingInfo == null)
1120             return null;
1121         else {
1122             return new EnclosingMethodInfo(enclosingInfo);
1123         }
1124     }
1125 
1126     private final static class EnclosingMethodInfo {
1127         private Class<?> enclosingClass;
1128         private String name;
1129         private String descriptor;
1130 
1131         private EnclosingMethodInfo(Object[] enclosingInfo) {
1132             if (enclosingInfo.length != 3)
1133                 throw new InternalError("Malformed enclosing method information");
1134             try {
1135                 // The array is expected to have three elements:
1136 
1137                 // the immediately enclosing class
1138                 enclosingClass = (Class<?>) enclosingInfo[0];
1139                 assert(enclosingClass != null);
1140 
1141                 // the immediately enclosing method or constructor's
1142                 // name (can be null).
1143                 name            = (String)   enclosingInfo[1];
1144 
1145                 // the immediately enclosing method or constructor's
1146                 // descriptor (null iff name is).
1147                 descriptor      = (String)   enclosingInfo[2];
1148                 assert((name != null && descriptor != null) || name == descriptor);
1149             } catch (ClassCastException cce) {
1150                 throw new InternalError("Invalid type in enclosing method information", cce);
1151             }
1152         }
1153 
1154         boolean isPartial() {
1155             return enclosingClass == null || name == null || descriptor == null;
1156         }
1157 
1158         boolean isConstructor() { return !isPartial() && "<init>".equals(name); }
1159 
1160         boolean isMethod() { return !isPartial() && !isConstructor() && !"<clinit>".equals(name); }
1161 
1162         Class<?> getEnclosingClass() { return enclosingClass; }
1163 
1164         String getName() { return name; }
1165 
1166         String getDescriptor() { return descriptor; }
1167 
1168     }
1169 
1170     private static Class<?> toClass(Type o) {
1171         if (o instanceof GenericArrayType)
1172             return Array.newInstance(toClass(((GenericArrayType)o).getGenericComponentType()),
1173                                      0)
1174                 .getClass();
1175         return (Class<?>)o;
1176      }
1177 
1178     /**
1179      * If this {@code Class} object represents a local or anonymous
1180      * class within a constructor, returns a {@link
1181      * java.lang.reflect.Constructor Constructor} object representing
1182      * the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying
1183      * class. Returns {@code null} otherwise.  In particular, this
1184      * method returns {@code null} if the underlying class is a local
1185      * or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type declaration,
1186      * instance initializer or static initializer.
1187      *
1188      * @return the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying class, if
1189      *     that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise {@code null}.
1190      * @throws SecurityException
1191      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1192      *         following conditions is met:
1193      *
1194      *         <ul>
1195      *
1196      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1197      *         class loader of the enclosing class and invocation of
1198      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1199      *         s.checkPermission} method with
1200      *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1201      *         denies access to the constructors within the enclosing class
1202      *
1203      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1204      *         ancestor of the class loader for the enclosing class and
1205      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1206      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1207      *         of the enclosing class
1208      *
1209      *         </ul>
1210      * @since 1.5
1211      */
1212     @CallerSensitive
1213     public Constructor<?> getEnclosingConstructor() throws SecurityException {
1214         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1215 
1216         if (enclosingInfo == null)
1217             return null;
1218         else {
1219             if (!enclosingInfo.isConstructor())
1220                 return null;
1221 
1222             ConstructorRepository typeInfo = ConstructorRepository.make(enclosingInfo.getDescriptor(),
1223                                                                         getFactory());
1224             Type []    parameterTypes   = typeInfo.getParameterTypes();
1225             Class<?>[] parameterClasses = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];
1226 
1227             // Convert Types to Classes; returned types *should*
1228             // be class objects since the methodDescriptor's used
1229             // don't have generics information
1230             for(int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++)
1231                 parameterClasses[i] = toClass(parameterTypes[i]);
1232 
1233             // Perform access check
1234             final Class<?> enclosingCandidate = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1235             enclosingCandidate.checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED,
1236                                                  Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1237             // Client is ok to access declared methods but j.l.Class might not be.
1238             Constructor<?>[] candidates = AccessController.doPrivileged(
1239                     new PrivilegedAction<>() {
1240                         @Override
1241                         public Constructor<?>[] run() {
1242                             return enclosingCandidate.getDeclaredConstructors();
1243                         }
1244                     });
1245             /*
1246              * Loop over all declared constructors; match number
1247              * of and type of parameters.
1248              */
1249             for(Constructor<?> c: candidates) {
1250                 Class<?>[] candidateParamClasses = c.getParameterTypes();
1251                 if (candidateParamClasses.length == parameterClasses.length) {
1252                     boolean matches = true;
1253                     for(int i = 0; i < candidateParamClasses.length; i++) {
1254                         if (!candidateParamClasses[i].equals(parameterClasses[i])) {
1255                             matches = false;
1256                             break;
1257                         }
1258                     }
1259 
1260                     if (matches)
1261                         return c;
1262                 }
1263             }
1264 
1265             throw new InternalError("Enclosing constructor not found");
1266         }
1267     }
1268 
1269 
1270     /**
1271      * If the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object
1272      * is a member of another class, returns the {@code Class} object
1273      * representing the class in which it was declared.  This method returns
1274      * null if this class or interface is not a member of any other class.  If
1275      * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, a primitive
1276      * type, or void,then this method returns null.
1277      *
1278      * @return the declaring class for this class
1279      * @throws SecurityException
1280      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
1281      *         class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
1282      *         loader for the declaring class and invocation of {@link
1283      *         SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
1284      *         denies access to the package of the declaring class
1285      * @since 1.1
1286      */
1287     @CallerSensitive
1288     public Class<?> getDeclaringClass() throws SecurityException {
1289         final Class<?> candidate = getDeclaringClass0();
1290 
1291         if (candidate != null)
1292             candidate.checkPackageAccess(
1293                     ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
1294         return candidate;
1295     }
1296 
1297     private native Class<?> getDeclaringClass0();
1298 
1299 
1300     /**
1301      * Returns the immediately enclosing class of the underlying
1302      * class.  If the underlying class is a top level class this
1303      * method returns {@code null}.
1304      * @return the immediately enclosing class of the underlying class
1305      * @exception  SecurityException
1306      *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
1307      *             class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
1308      *             loader for the enclosing class and invocation of {@link
1309      *             SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
1310      *             denies access to the package of the enclosing class
1311      * @since 1.5
1312      */
1313     @CallerSensitive
1314     public Class<?> getEnclosingClass() throws SecurityException {
1315         // There are five kinds of classes (or interfaces):
1316         // a) Top level classes
1317         // b) Nested classes (static member classes)
1318         // c) Inner classes (non-static member classes)
1319         // d) Local classes (named classes declared within a method)
1320         // e) Anonymous classes
1321 
1322 
1323         // JVM Spec 4.7.7: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
1324         // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
1325         // anonymous class.
1326         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1327         Class<?> enclosingCandidate;
1328 
1329         if (enclosingInfo == null) {
1330             // This is a top level or a nested class or an inner class (a, b, or c)
1331             enclosingCandidate = getDeclaringClass();
1332         } else {
1333             Class<?> enclosingClass = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1334             // This is a local class or an anonymous class (d or e)
1335             if (enclosingClass == this || enclosingClass == null)
1336                 throw new InternalError("Malformed enclosing method information");
1337             else
1338                 enclosingCandidate = enclosingClass;
1339         }
1340 
1341         if (enclosingCandidate != null)
1342             enclosingCandidate.checkPackageAccess(
1343                     ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
1344         return enclosingCandidate;
1345     }
1346 
1347     /**
1348      * Returns the simple name of the underlying class as given in the
1349      * source code. Returns an empty string if the underlying class is
1350      * anonymous.
1351      *
1352      * <p>The simple name of an array is the simple name of the
1353      * component type with "[]" appended.  In particular the simple
1354      * name of an array whose component type is anonymous is "[]".
1355      *
1356      * @return the simple name of the underlying class
1357      * @since 1.5
1358      */
1359     public String getSimpleName() {
1360         if (isArray())
1361             return getComponentType().getSimpleName()+"[]";
1362 
1363         String simpleName = getSimpleBinaryName();
1364         if (simpleName == null) { // top level class
1365             simpleName = getName();
1366             return simpleName.substring(simpleName.lastIndexOf('.')+1); // strip the package name
1367         }
1368         return simpleName;
1369     }
1370 
1371     /**
1372      * Return an informative string for the name of this type.
1373      *
1374      * @return an informative string for the name of this type
1375      * @since 1.8
1376      */
1377     public String getTypeName() {
1378         if (isArray()) {
1379             try {
1380                 Class<?> cl = this;
1381                 int dimensions = 0;
1382                 while (cl.isArray()) {
1383                     dimensions++;
1384                     cl = cl.getComponentType();
1385                 }
1386                 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
1387                 sb.append(cl.getName());
1388                 for (int i = 0; i < dimensions; i++) {
1389                     sb.append("[]");
1390                 }
1391                 return sb.toString();
1392             } catch (Throwable e) { /*FALLTHRU*/ }
1393         }
1394         return getName();
1395     }
1396 
1397     /**
1398      * Character.isDigit answers {@code true} to some non-ascii
1399      * digits.  This one does not.
1400      */
1401     private static boolean isAsciiDigit(char c) {
1402         return '0' <= c && c <= '9';
1403     }
1404 
1405     /**
1406      * Returns the canonical name of the underlying class as
1407      * defined by the Java Language Specification.  Returns null if
1408      * the underlying class does not have a canonical name (i.e., if
1409      * it is a local or anonymous class or an array whose component
1410      * type does not have a canonical name).
1411      * @return the canonical name of the underlying class if it exists, and
1412      * {@code null} otherwise.
1413      * @since 1.5
1414      */
1415     public String getCanonicalName() {
1416         if (isArray()) {
1417             String canonicalName = getComponentType().getCanonicalName();
1418             if (canonicalName != null)
1419                 return canonicalName + "[]";
1420             else
1421                 return null;
1422         }
1423         if (isLocalOrAnonymousClass())
1424             return null;
1425         Class<?> enclosingClass = getEnclosingClass();
1426         if (enclosingClass == null) { // top level class
1427             return getName();
1428         } else {
1429             String enclosingName = enclosingClass.getCanonicalName();
1430             if (enclosingName == null)
1431                 return null;
1432             return enclosingName + "." + getSimpleName();
1433         }
1434     }
1435 
1436     /**
1437      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
1438      * is an anonymous class.
1439      *
1440      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is an anonymous class.
1441      * @since 1.5
1442      */
1443     public boolean isAnonymousClass() {
1444         return "".equals(getSimpleName());
1445     }
1446 
1447     /**
1448      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
1449      * is a local class.
1450      *
1451      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a local class.
1452      * @since 1.5
1453      */
1454     public boolean isLocalClass() {
1455         return isLocalOrAnonymousClass() && !isAnonymousClass();
1456     }
1457 
1458     /**
1459      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
1460      * is a member class.
1461      *
1462      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a member class.
1463      * @since 1.5
1464      */
1465     public boolean isMemberClass() {
1466         return getSimpleBinaryName() != null && !isLocalOrAnonymousClass();
1467     }
1468 
1469     /**
1470      * Returns the "simple binary name" of the underlying class, i.e.,
1471      * the binary name without the leading enclosing class name.
1472      * Returns {@code null} if the underlying class is a top level
1473      * class.
1474      */
1475     private String getSimpleBinaryName() {
1476         Class<?> enclosingClass = getEnclosingClass();
1477         if (enclosingClass == null) // top level class
1478             return null;
1479         String name = getSimpleBinaryName0();
1480         if (name == null) // anonymous class
1481             return "";
1482         return name;
1483     }
1484 
1485     private native String getSimpleBinaryName0();
1486 
1487     /**
1488      * Returns {@code true} if this is a local class or an anonymous
1489      * class.  Returns {@code false} otherwise.
1490      */
1491     private boolean isLocalOrAnonymousClass() {
1492         // JVM Spec 4.7.7: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
1493         // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
1494         // anonymous class.
1495         return getEnclosingMethodInfo() != null;
1496     }
1497 
1498     /**
1499      * Returns an array containing {@code Class} objects representing all
1500      * the public classes and interfaces that are members of the class
1501      * represented by this {@code Class} object.  This includes public
1502      * class and interface members inherited from superclasses and public class
1503      * and interface members declared by the class.  This method returns an
1504      * array of length 0 if this {@code Class} object has no public member
1505      * classes or interfaces.  This method also returns an array of length 0 if
1506      * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, an array
1507      * class, or void.
1508      *
1509      * @return the array of {@code Class} objects representing the public
1510      *         members of this class
1511      * @throws SecurityException
1512      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1513      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1514      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1515      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1516      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1517      *         of this class.
1518      *
1519      * @since 1.1
1520      */
1521     @CallerSensitive
1522     public Class<?>[] getClasses() {
1523         checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
1524 
1525         // Privileged so this implementation can look at DECLARED classes,
1526         // something the caller might not have privilege to do.  The code here
1527         // is allowed to look at DECLARED classes because (1) it does not hand
1528         // out anything other than public members and (2) public member access
1529         // has already been ok'd by the SecurityManager.
1530 
1531         return java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
1532             new java.security.PrivilegedAction<>() {
1533                 public Class<?>[] run() {
1534                     List<Class<?>> list = new ArrayList<>();
1535                     Class<?> currentClass = Class.this;
1536                     while (currentClass != null) {
1537                         for (Class<?> m : currentClass.getDeclaredClasses()) {
1538                             if (Modifier.isPublic(m.getModifiers())) {
1539                                 list.add(m);
1540                             }
1541                         }
1542                         currentClass = currentClass.getSuperclass();
1543                     }
1544                     return list.toArray(new Class<?>[0]);
1545                 }
1546             });
1547     }
1548 
1549 
1550     /**
1551      * Returns an array containing {@code Field} objects reflecting all
1552      * the accessible public fields of the class or interface represented by
1553      * this {@code Class} object.
1554      *
1555      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with
1556      * no accessible public fields, then this method returns an array of length
1557      * 0.
1558      *
1559      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class, then this method
1560      * returns the public fields of the class and of all its superclasses and
1561      * superinterfaces.
1562      *
1563      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, then this
1564      * method returns the fields of the interface and of all its
1565      * superinterfaces.
1566      *
1567      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
1568      * type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0.
1569      *
1570      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
1571      * particular order.
1572      *
1573      * @return the array of {@code Field} objects representing the
1574      *         public fields
1575      * @throws SecurityException
1576      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1577      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1578      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1579      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1580      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1581      *         of this class.
1582      *
1583      * @since 1.1
1584      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
1585      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
1586      */
1587     @CallerSensitive
1588     public Field[] getFields() throws SecurityException {
1589         checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1590         return copyFields(privateGetPublicFields(null));
1591     }
1592 
1593 
1594     /**
1595      * Returns an array containing {@code Method} objects reflecting all the
1596      * public methods of the class or interface represented by this {@code
1597      * Class} object, including those declared by the class or interface and
1598      * those inherited from superclasses and superinterfaces.
1599      *
1600      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type that has multiple
1601      * public methods with the same name and parameter types, but different
1602      * return types, then the returned array has a {@code Method} object for
1603      * each such method.
1604      *
1605      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type with a class
1606      * initialization method {@code <clinit>}, then the returned array does
1607      * <em>not</em> have a corresponding {@code Method} object.
1608      *
1609      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then the
1610      * returned array has a {@code Method} object for each of the public
1611      * methods inherited by the array type from {@code Object}. It does not
1612      * contain a {@code Method} object for {@code clone()}.
1613      *
1614      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface then the
1615      * returned array does not contain any implicitly declared methods from
1616      * {@code Object}. Therefore, if no methods are explicitly declared in
1617      * this interface or any of its superinterfaces then the returned array
1618      * has length 0. (Note that a {@code Class} object which represents a class
1619      * always has public methods, inherited from {@code Object}.)
1620      *
1621      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or void,
1622      * then the returned array has length 0.
1623      *
1624      * <p> Static methods declared in superinterfaces of the class or interface
1625      * represented by this {@code Class} object are not considered members of
1626      * the class or interface.
1627      *
1628      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
1629      * particular order.
1630      *
1631      * @return the array of {@code Method} objects representing the
1632      *         public methods of this class
1633      * @throws SecurityException
1634      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1635      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1636      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1637      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1638      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1639      *         of this class.
1640      *
1641      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
1642      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
1643      * @since 1.1
1644      */
1645     @CallerSensitive
1646     public Method[] getMethods() throws SecurityException {
1647         checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1648         return copyMethods(privateGetPublicMethods());
1649     }
1650 
1651 
1652     /**
1653      * Returns an array containing {@code Constructor} objects reflecting
1654      * all the public constructors of the class represented by this
1655      * {@code Class} object.  An array of length 0 is returned if the
1656      * class has no public constructors, or if the class is an array class, or
1657      * if the class reflects a primitive type or void.
1658      *
1659      * Note that while this method returns an array of {@code
1660      * Constructor<T>} objects (that is an array of constructors from
1661      * this class), the return type of this method is {@code
1662      * Constructor<?>[]} and <em>not</em> {@code Constructor<T>[]} as
1663      * might be expected.  This less informative return type is
1664      * necessary since after being returned from this method, the
1665      * array could be modified to hold {@code Constructor} objects for
1666      * different classes, which would violate the type guarantees of
1667      * {@code Constructor<T>[]}.
1668      *
1669      * @return the array of {@code Constructor} objects representing the
1670      *         public constructors of this class
1671      * @throws SecurityException
1672      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1673      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1674      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1675      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1676      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1677      *         of this class.
1678      *
1679      * @since 1.1
1680      */
1681     @CallerSensitive
1682     public Constructor<?>[] getConstructors() throws SecurityException {
1683         checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1684         return copyConstructors(privateGetDeclaredConstructors(true));
1685     }
1686 
1687 
1688     /**
1689      * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified public member
1690      * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
1691      * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} specifying the
1692      * simple name of the desired field.
1693      *
1694      * <p> The field to be reflected is determined by the algorithm that
1695      * follows.  Let C be the class or interface represented by this object:
1696      *
1697      * <OL>
1698      * <LI> If C declares a public field with the name specified, that is the
1699      *      field to be reflected.</LI>
1700      * <LI> If no field was found in step 1 above, this algorithm is applied
1701      *      recursively to each direct superinterface of C. The direct
1702      *      superinterfaces are searched in the order they were declared.</LI>
1703      * <LI> If no field was found in steps 1 and 2 above, and C has a
1704      *      superclass S, then this algorithm is invoked recursively upon S.
1705      *      If C has no superclass, then a {@code NoSuchFieldException}
1706      *      is thrown.</LI>
1707      * </OL>
1708      *
1709      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
1710      * method does not find the {@code length} field of the array type.
1711      *
1712      * @param name the field name
1713      * @return the {@code Field} object of this class specified by
1714      *         {@code name}
1715      * @throws NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
1716      *         not found.
1717      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
1718      * @throws SecurityException
1719      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1720      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1721      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1722      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1723      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1724      *         of this class.
1725      *
1726      * @since 1.1
1727      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
1728      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
1729      */
1730     @CallerSensitive
1731     public Field getField(String name)
1732         throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
1733         checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1734         Field field = getField0(name);
1735         if (field == null) {
1736             throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
1737         }
1738         return field;
1739     }
1740 
1741 
1742     /**
1743      * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified public
1744      * member method of the class or interface represented by this
1745      * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
1746      * {@code String} specifying the simple name of the desired method. The
1747      * {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of {@code Class}
1748      * objects that identify the method's formal parameter types, in declared
1749      * order. If {@code parameterTypes} is {@code null}, it is
1750      * treated as if it were an empty array.
1751      *
1752      * <p> If the {@code name} is "{@code <init>}" or "{@code <clinit>}" a
1753      * {@code NoSuchMethodException} is raised. Otherwise, the method to
1754      * be reflected is determined by the algorithm that follows.  Let C be the
1755      * class or interface represented by this object:
1756      * <OL>
1757      * <LI> C is searched for a <I>matching method</I>, as defined below. If a
1758      *      matching method is found, it is reflected.</LI>
1759      * <LI> If no matching method is found by step 1 then:
1760      *   <OL TYPE="a">
1761      *   <LI> If C is a class other than {@code Object}, then this algorithm is
1762      *        invoked recursively on the superclass of C.</LI>
1763      *   <LI> If C is the class {@code Object}, or if C is an interface, then
1764      *        the superinterfaces of C (if any) are searched for a matching
1765      *        method. If any such method is found, it is reflected.</LI>
1766      *   </OL></LI>
1767      * </OL>
1768      *
1769      * <p> To find a matching method in a class or interface C:&nbsp; If C
1770      * declares exactly one public method with the specified name and exactly
1771      * the same formal parameter types, that is the method reflected. If more
1772      * than one such method is found in C, and one of these methods has a
1773      * return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is
1774      * reflected; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily.
1775      *
1776      * <p>Note that there may be more than one matching method in a
1777      * class because while the Java language forbids a class to
1778      * declare multiple methods with the same signature but different
1779      * return types, the Java virtual machine does not.  This
1780      * increased flexibility in the virtual machine can be used to
1781      * implement various language features.  For example, covariant
1782      * returns can be implemented with {@linkplain
1783      * java.lang.reflect.Method#isBridge bridge methods}; the bridge
1784      * method and the method being overridden would have the same
1785      * signature but different return types.
1786      *
1787      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
1788      * method does not find the {@code clone()} method.
1789      *
1790      * <p> Static methods declared in superinterfaces of the class or interface
1791      * represented by this {@code Class} object are not considered members of
1792      * the class or interface.
1793      *
1794      * @param name the name of the method
1795      * @param parameterTypes the list of parameters
1796      * @return the {@code Method} object that matches the specified
1797      *         {@code name} and {@code parameterTypes}
1798      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found
1799      *         or if the name is "&lt;init&gt;"or "&lt;clinit&gt;".
1800      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
1801      * @throws SecurityException
1802      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1803      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1804      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1805      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1806      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1807      *         of this class.
1808      *
1809      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
1810      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
1811      * @since 1.1
1812      */
1813     @CallerSensitive
1814     public Method getMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
1815         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
1816         checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1817         Method method = getMethod0(name, parameterTypes, true);
1818         if (method == null) {
1819             throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + "." + name + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
1820         }
1821         return method;
1822     }
1823 
1824 
1825     /**
1826      * Returns a {@code Constructor} object that reflects the specified
1827      * public constructor of the class represented by this {@code Class}
1828      * object. The {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
1829      * {@code Class} objects that identify the constructor's formal
1830      * parameter types, in declared order.
1831      *
1832      * If this {@code Class} object represents an inner class
1833      * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
1834      * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
1835      *
1836      * <p> The constructor to reflect is the public constructor of the class
1837      * represented by this {@code Class} object whose formal parameter
1838      * types match those specified by {@code parameterTypes}.
1839      *
1840      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
1841      * @return the {@code Constructor} object of the public constructor that
1842      *         matches the specified {@code parameterTypes}
1843      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
1844      * @throws SecurityException
1845      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1846      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1847      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1848      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1849      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1850      *         of this class.
1851      *
1852      * @since 1.1
1853      */
1854     @CallerSensitive
1855     public Constructor<T> getConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
1856         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
1857         checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1858         return getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.PUBLIC);
1859     }
1860 
1861 
1862     /**
1863      * Returns an array of {@code Class} objects reflecting all the
1864      * classes and interfaces declared as members of the class represented by
1865      * this {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
1866      * (package) access, and private classes and interfaces declared by the
1867      * class, but excludes inherited classes and interfaces.  This method
1868      * returns an array of length 0 if the class declares no classes or
1869      * interfaces as members, or if this {@code Class} object represents a
1870      * primitive type, an array class, or void.
1871      *
1872      * @return the array of {@code Class} objects representing all the
1873      *         declared members of this class
1874      * @throws SecurityException
1875      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1876      *         following conditions is met:
1877      *
1878      *         <ul>
1879      *
1880      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1881      *         class loader of this class and invocation of
1882      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1883      *         s.checkPermission} method with
1884      *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1885      *         denies access to the declared classes within this class
1886      *
1887      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1888      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1889      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1890      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1891      *         of this class
1892      *
1893      *         </ul>
1894      *
1895      * @since 1.1
1896      */
1897     @CallerSensitive
1898     public Class<?>[] getDeclaredClasses() throws SecurityException {
1899         checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
1900         return getDeclaredClasses0();
1901     }
1902 
1903 
1904     /**
1905      * Returns an array of {@code Field} objects reflecting all the fields
1906      * declared by the class or interface represented by this
1907      * {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
1908      * (package) access, and private fields, but excludes inherited fields.
1909      *
1910      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
1911      * declared fields, then this method returns an array of length 0.
1912      *
1913      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
1914      * type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0.
1915      *
1916      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
1917      * particular order.
1918      *
1919      * @return  the array of {@code Field} objects representing all the
1920      *          declared fields of this class
1921      * @throws  SecurityException
1922      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1923      *          following conditions is met:
1924      *
1925      *          <ul>
1926      *
1927      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1928      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
1929      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1930      *          s.checkPermission} method with
1931      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1932      *          denies access to the declared fields within this class
1933      *
1934      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1935      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1936      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1937      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1938      *          of this class
1939      *
1940      *          </ul>
1941      *
1942      * @since 1.1
1943      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
1944      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
1945      */
1946     @CallerSensitive
1947     public Field[] getDeclaredFields() throws SecurityException {
1948         checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1949         return copyFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false));
1950     }
1951 
1952 
1953     /**
1954      *
1955      * Returns an array containing {@code Method} objects reflecting all the
1956      * declared methods of the class or interface represented by this {@code
1957      * Class} object, including public, protected, default (package)
1958      * access, and private methods, but excluding inherited methods.
1959      *
1960      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type that has multiple
1961      * declared methods with the same name and parameter types, but different
1962      * return types, then the returned array has a {@code Method} object for
1963      * each such method.
1964      *
1965      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type that has a class
1966      * initialization method {@code <clinit>}, then the returned array does
1967      * <em>not</em> have a corresponding {@code Method} object.
1968      *
1969      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
1970      * declared methods, then the returned array has length 0.
1971      *
1972      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
1973      * type, or void, then the returned array has length 0.
1974      *
1975      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
1976      * particular order.
1977      *
1978      * @return  the array of {@code Method} objects representing all the
1979      *          declared methods of this class
1980      * @throws  SecurityException
1981      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1982      *          following conditions is met:
1983      *
1984      *          <ul>
1985      *
1986      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1987      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
1988      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1989      *          s.checkPermission} method with
1990      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1991      *          denies access to the declared methods within this class
1992      *
1993      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1994      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1995      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1996      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1997      *          of this class
1998      *
1999      *          </ul>
2000      *
2001      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2002      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2003      * @since 1.1
2004      */
2005     @CallerSensitive
2006     public Method[] getDeclaredMethods() throws SecurityException {
2007         checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2008         return copyMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false));
2009     }
2010 
2011 
2012     /**
2013      * Returns an array of {@code Constructor} objects reflecting all the
2014      * constructors declared by the class represented by this
2015      * {@code Class} object. These are public, protected, default
2016      * (package) access, and private constructors.  The elements in the array
2017      * returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order.  If the
2018      * class has a default constructor, it is included in the returned array.
2019      * This method returns an array of length 0 if this {@code Class}
2020      * object represents an interface, a primitive type, an array class, or
2021      * void.
2022      *
2023      * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, section 8.2.
2024      *
2025      * @return  the array of {@code Constructor} objects representing all the
2026      *          declared constructors of this class
2027      * @throws  SecurityException
2028      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2029      *          following conditions is met:
2030      *
2031      *          <ul>
2032      *
2033      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2034      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2035      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2036      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2037      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2038      *          denies access to the declared constructors within this class
2039      *
2040      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2041      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2042      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2043      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2044      *          of this class
2045      *
2046      *          </ul>
2047      *
2048      * @since 1.1
2049      */
2050     @CallerSensitive
2051     public Constructor<?>[] getDeclaredConstructors() throws SecurityException {
2052         checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2053         return copyConstructors(privateGetDeclaredConstructors(false));
2054     }
2055 
2056 
2057     /**
2058      * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified declared
2059      * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
2060      * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} that specifies
2061      * the simple name of the desired field.
2062      *
2063      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2064      * method does not find the {@code length} field of the array type.
2065      *
2066      * @param name the name of the field
2067      * @return  the {@code Field} object for the specified field in this
2068      *          class
2069      * @throws  NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
2070      *          not found.
2071      * @throws  NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2072      * @throws  SecurityException
2073      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2074      *          following conditions is met:
2075      *
2076      *          <ul>
2077      *
2078      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2079      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2080      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2081      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2082      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2083      *          denies access to the declared field
2084      *
2085      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2086      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2087      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2088      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2089      *          of this class
2090      *
2091      *          </ul>
2092      *
2093      * @since 1.1
2094      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2095      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
2096      */
2097     @CallerSensitive
2098     public Field getDeclaredField(String name)
2099         throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
2100         checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2101         Field field = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false), name);
2102         if (field == null) {
2103             throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
2104         }
2105         return field;
2106     }
2107 
2108 
2109     /**
2110      * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified
2111      * declared method of the class or interface represented by this
2112      * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
2113      * {@code String} that specifies the simple name of the desired
2114      * method, and the {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
2115      * {@code Class} objects that identify the method's formal parameter
2116      * types, in declared order.  If more than one method with the same
2117      * parameter types is declared in a class, and one of these methods has a
2118      * return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is
2119      * returned; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily.  If the
2120      * name is "&lt;init&gt;"or "&lt;clinit&gt;" a {@code NoSuchMethodException}
2121      * is raised.
2122      *
2123      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2124      * method does not find the {@code clone()} method.
2125      *
2126      * @param name the name of the method
2127      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2128      * @return  the {@code Method} object for the method of this class
2129      *          matching the specified name and parameters
2130      * @throws  NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
2131      * @throws  NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2132      * @throws  SecurityException
2133      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2134      *          following conditions is met:
2135      *
2136      *          <ul>
2137      *
2138      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2139      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2140      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2141      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2142      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2143      *          denies access to the declared method
2144      *
2145      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2146      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2147      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2148      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2149      *          of this class
2150      *
2151      *          </ul>
2152      *
2153      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2154      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2155      * @since 1.1
2156      */
2157     @CallerSensitive
2158     public Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2159         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
2160         checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2161         Method method = searchMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false), name, parameterTypes);
2162         if (method == null) {
2163             throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + "." + name + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
2164         }
2165         return method;
2166     }
2167 
2168 
2169     /**
2170      * Returns a {@code Constructor} object that reflects the specified
2171      * constructor of the class or interface represented by this
2172      * {@code Class} object.  The {@code parameterTypes} parameter is
2173      * an array of {@code Class} objects that identify the constructor's
2174      * formal parameter types, in declared order.
2175      *
2176      * If this {@code Class} object represents an inner class
2177      * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
2178      * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
2179      *
2180      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2181      * @return  The {@code Constructor} object for the constructor with the
2182      *          specified parameter list
2183      * @throws  NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
2184      * @throws  SecurityException
2185      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2186      *          following conditions is met:
2187      *
2188      *          <ul>
2189      *
2190      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2191      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2192      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2193      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2194      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2195      *          denies access to the declared constructor
2196      *
2197      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2198      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2199      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2200      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2201      *          of this class
2202      *
2203      *          </ul>
2204      *
2205      * @since 1.1
2206      */
2207     @CallerSensitive
2208     public Constructor<T> getDeclaredConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2209         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
2210         checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2211         return getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.DECLARED);
2212     }
2213 
2214     /**
2215      * Finds a resource with a given name.  The rules for searching resources
2216      * associated with a given class are implemented by the defining
2217      * {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class.  This method
2218      * delegates to this object's class loader.  If this object was loaded by
2219      * the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to {@link
2220      * ClassLoader#getSystemResourceAsStream}.
2221      *
2222      * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
2223      * given resource name using this algorithm:
2224      *
2225      * <ul>
2226      *
2227      * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}
2228      * (<tt>'&#92;u002f'</tt>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
2229      * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.
2230      *
2231      * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
2232      *
2233      * <blockquote>
2234      *   {@code modified_package_name/name}
2235      * </blockquote>
2236      *
2237      * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this
2238      * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}
2239      * (<tt>'&#92;u002e'</tt>).
2240      *
2241      * </ul>
2242      *
2243      * @param  name name of the desired resource
2244      * @return      A {@link java.io.InputStream} object or {@code null} if
2245      *              no resource with this name is found
2246      * @throws  NullPointerException If {@code name} is {@code null}
2247      * @since  1.1
2248      */
2249      public InputStream getResourceAsStream(String name) {
2250         name = resolveName(name);
2251         ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2252         if (cl==null) {
2253             // A system class.
2254             return ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream(name);
2255         }
2256         return cl.getResourceAsStream(name);
2257     }
2258 
2259     /**
2260      * Finds a resource with a given name.  The rules for searching resources
2261      * associated with a given class are implemented by the defining
2262      * {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class.  This method
2263      * delegates to this object's class loader.  If this object was loaded by
2264      * the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to {@link
2265      * ClassLoader#getSystemResource}.
2266      *
2267      * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
2268      * given resource name using this algorithm:
2269      *
2270      * <ul>
2271      *
2272      * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}
2273      * (<tt>'&#92;u002f'</tt>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
2274      * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.
2275      *
2276      * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
2277      *
2278      * <blockquote>
2279      *   {@code modified_package_name/name}
2280      * </blockquote>
2281      *
2282      * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this
2283      * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}
2284      * (<tt>'&#92;u002e'</tt>).
2285      *
2286      * </ul>
2287      *
2288      * @param  name name of the desired resource
2289      * @return      A  {@link java.net.URL} object or {@code null} if no
2290      *              resource with this name is found
2291      * @since  1.1
2292      */
2293     public java.net.URL getResource(String name) {
2294         name = resolveName(name);
2295         ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2296         if (cl==null) {
2297             // A system class.
2298             return ClassLoader.getSystemResource(name);
2299         }
2300         return cl.getResource(name);
2301     }
2302 
2303 
2304 
2305     /** protection domain returned when the internal domain is null */
2306     private static java.security.ProtectionDomain allPermDomain;
2307 
2308 
2309     /**
2310      * Returns the {@code ProtectionDomain} of this class.  If there is a
2311      * security manager installed, this method first calls the security
2312      * manager's {@code checkPermission} method with a
2313      * {@code RuntimePermission("getProtectionDomain")} permission to
2314      * ensure it's ok to get the
2315      * {@code ProtectionDomain}.
2316      *
2317      * @return the ProtectionDomain of this class
2318      *
2319      * @throws SecurityException
2320      *        if a security manager exists and its
2321      *        {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow
2322      *        getting the ProtectionDomain.
2323      *
2324      * @see java.security.ProtectionDomain
2325      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
2326      * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
2327      * @since 1.2
2328      */
2329     public java.security.ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain() {
2330         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2331         if (sm != null) {
2332             sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.GET_PD_PERMISSION);
2333         }
2334         java.security.ProtectionDomain pd = getProtectionDomain0();
2335         if (pd == null) {
2336             if (allPermDomain == null) {
2337                 java.security.Permissions perms =
2338                     new java.security.Permissions();
2339                 perms.add(SecurityConstants.ALL_PERMISSION);
2340                 allPermDomain =
2341                     new java.security.ProtectionDomain(null, perms);
2342             }
2343             pd = allPermDomain;
2344         }
2345         return pd;
2346     }
2347 
2348 
2349     /**
2350      * Returns the ProtectionDomain of this class.
2351      */
2352     private native java.security.ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain0();
2353 
2354     /*
2355      * Return the Virtual Machine's Class object for the named
2356      * primitive type.
2357      */
2358     static native Class<?> getPrimitiveClass(String name);
2359 
2360     /*
2361      * Check if client is allowed to access members.  If access is denied,
2362      * throw a SecurityException.
2363      *
2364      * This method also enforces package access.
2365      *
2366      * <p> Default policy: allow all clients access with normal Java access
2367      * control.
2368      */
2369     private void checkMemberAccess(int which, Class<?> caller, boolean checkProxyInterfaces) {
2370         final SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
2371         if (s != null) {
2372             /* Default policy allows access to all {@link Member#PUBLIC} members,
2373              * as well as access to classes that have the same class loader as the caller.
2374              * In all other cases, it requires RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")
2375              * permission.
2376              */
2377             final ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller);
2378             final ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2379             if (which != Member.PUBLIC) {
2380                 if (ccl != cl) {
2381                     s.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.CHECK_MEMBER_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
2382                 }
2383             }
2384             this.checkPackageAccess(ccl, checkProxyInterfaces);
2385         }
2386     }
2387 
2388     /*
2389      * Checks if a client loaded in ClassLoader ccl is allowed to access this
2390      * class under the current package access policy. If access is denied,
2391      * throw a SecurityException.
2392      */
2393     private void checkPackageAccess(final ClassLoader ccl, boolean checkProxyInterfaces) {
2394         final SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
2395         if (s != null) {
2396             final ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2397 
2398             if (ReflectUtil.needsPackageAccessCheck(ccl, cl)) {
2399                 String name = this.getName();
2400                 int i = name.lastIndexOf('.');
2401                 if (i != -1) {
2402                     // skip the package access check on a proxy class in default proxy package
2403                     String pkg = name.substring(0, i);
2404                     if (!Proxy.isProxyClass(this) || ReflectUtil.isNonPublicProxyClass(this)) {
2405                         s.checkPackageAccess(pkg);
2406                     }
2407                 }
2408             }
2409             // check package access on the proxy interfaces
2410             if (checkProxyInterfaces && Proxy.isProxyClass(this)) {
2411                 ReflectUtil.checkProxyPackageAccess(ccl, this.getInterfaces());
2412             }
2413         }
2414     }
2415 
2416     /**
2417      * Add a package name prefix if the name is not absolute Remove leading "/"
2418      * if name is absolute
2419      */
2420     private String resolveName(String name) {
2421         if (name == null) {
2422             return name;
2423         }
2424         if (!name.startsWith("/")) {
2425             Class<?> c = this;
2426             while (c.isArray()) {
2427                 c = c.getComponentType();
2428             }
2429             String baseName = c.getName();
2430             int index = baseName.lastIndexOf('.');
2431             if (index != -1) {
2432                 name = baseName.substring(0, index).replace('.', '/')
2433                     +"/"+name;
2434             }
2435         } else {
2436             name = name.substring(1);
2437         }
2438         return name;
2439     }
2440 
2441     /**
2442      * Atomic operations support.
2443      */
2444     private static class Atomic {
2445         // initialize Unsafe machinery here, since we need to call Class.class instance method
2446         // and have to avoid calling it in the static initializer of the Class class...
2447         private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
2448         // offset of Class.reflectionData instance field
2449         private static final long reflectionDataOffset;
2450         // offset of Class.annotationType instance field
2451         private static final long annotationTypeOffset;
2452         // offset of Class.annotationData instance field
2453         private static final long annotationDataOffset;
2454 
2455         static {
2456             Field[] fields = Class.class.getDeclaredFields0(false); // bypass caches
2457             reflectionDataOffset = objectFieldOffset(fields, "reflectionData");
2458             annotationTypeOffset = objectFieldOffset(fields, "annotationType");
2459             annotationDataOffset = objectFieldOffset(fields, "annotationData");
2460         }
2461 
2462         private static long objectFieldOffset(Field[] fields, String fieldName) {
2463             Field field = searchFields(fields, fieldName);
2464             if (field == null) {
2465                 throw new Error("No " + fieldName + " field found in java.lang.Class");
2466             }
2467             return unsafe.objectFieldOffset(field);
2468         }
2469 
2470         static <T> boolean casReflectionData(Class<?> clazz,
2471                                              SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> oldData,
2472                                              SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> newData) {
2473             return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(clazz, reflectionDataOffset, oldData, newData);
2474         }
2475 
2476         static <T> boolean casAnnotationType(Class<?> clazz,
2477                                              AnnotationType oldType,
2478                                              AnnotationType newType) {
2479             return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(clazz, annotationTypeOffset, oldType, newType);
2480         }
2481 
2482         static <T> boolean casAnnotationData(Class<?> clazz,
2483                                              AnnotationData oldData,
2484                                              AnnotationData newData) {
2485             return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(clazz, annotationDataOffset, oldData, newData);
2486         }
2487     }
2488 
2489     /**
2490      * Reflection support.
2491      */
2492 
2493     // Caches for certain reflective results
2494     private static boolean useCaches = true;
2495 
2496     // reflection data that might get invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called
2497     private static class ReflectionData<T> {
2498         volatile Field[] declaredFields;
2499         volatile Field[] publicFields;
2500         volatile Method[] declaredMethods;
2501         volatile Method[] publicMethods;
2502         volatile Constructor<T>[] declaredConstructors;
2503         volatile Constructor<T>[] publicConstructors;
2504         // Intermediate results for getFields and getMethods
2505         volatile Field[] declaredPublicFields;
2506         volatile Method[] declaredPublicMethods;
2507         volatile Class<?>[] interfaces;
2508 
2509         // Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this ReflectionData instance
2510         final int redefinedCount;
2511 
2512         ReflectionData(int redefinedCount) {
2513             this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount;
2514         }
2515     }
2516 
2517     private volatile transient SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> reflectionData;
2518 
2519     // Incremented by the VM on each call to JVM TI RedefineClasses()
2520     // that redefines this class or a superclass.
2521     private volatile transient int classRedefinedCount = 0;
2522 
2523     // Lazily create and cache ReflectionData
2524     private ReflectionData<T> reflectionData() {
2525         SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> reflectionData = this.reflectionData;
2526         int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
2527         ReflectionData<T> rd;
2528         if (useCaches &&
2529             reflectionData != null &&
2530             (rd = reflectionData.get()) != null &&
2531             rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
2532             return rd;
2533         }
2534         // else no SoftReference or cleared SoftReference or stale ReflectionData
2535         // -> create and replace new instance
2536         return newReflectionData(reflectionData, classRedefinedCount);
2537     }
2538 
2539     private ReflectionData<T> newReflectionData(SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> oldReflectionData,
2540                                                 int classRedefinedCount) {
2541         if (!useCaches) return null;
2542 
2543         while (true) {
2544             ReflectionData<T> rd = new ReflectionData<>(classRedefinedCount);
2545             // try to CAS it...
2546             if (Atomic.casReflectionData(this, oldReflectionData, new SoftReference<>(rd))) {
2547                 return rd;
2548             }
2549             // else retry
2550             oldReflectionData = this.reflectionData;
2551             classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
2552             if (oldReflectionData != null &&
2553                 (rd = oldReflectionData.get()) != null &&
2554                 rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
2555                 return rd;
2556             }
2557         }
2558     }
2559 
2560     // Generic signature handling
2561     private native String getGenericSignature0();
2562 
2563     // Generic info repository; lazily initialized
2564     private volatile transient ClassRepository genericInfo;
2565 
2566     // accessor for factory
2567     private GenericsFactory getFactory() {
2568         // create scope and factory
2569         return CoreReflectionFactory.make(this, ClassScope.make(this));
2570     }
2571 
2572     // accessor for generic info repository;
2573     // generic info is lazily initialized
2574     private ClassRepository getGenericInfo() {
2575         ClassRepository genericInfo = this.genericInfo;
2576         if (genericInfo == null) {
2577             String signature = getGenericSignature0();
2578             if (signature == null) {
2579                 genericInfo = ClassRepository.NONE;
2580             } else {
2581                 genericInfo = ClassRepository.make(signature, getFactory());
2582             }
2583             this.genericInfo = genericInfo;
2584         }
2585         return (genericInfo != ClassRepository.NONE) ? genericInfo : null;
2586     }
2587 
2588     // Annotations handling
2589     native byte[] getRawAnnotations();
2590     // Since 1.8
2591     native byte[] getRawTypeAnnotations();
2592     static byte[] getExecutableTypeAnnotationBytes(Executable ex) {
2593         return getReflectionFactory().getExecutableTypeAnnotationBytes(ex);
2594     }
2595 
2596     native ConstantPool getConstantPool();
2597 
2598     //
2599     //
2600     // java.lang.reflect.Field handling
2601     //
2602     //
2603 
2604     // Returns an array of "root" fields. These Field objects must NOT
2605     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
2606     // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
2607     private Field[] privateGetDeclaredFields(boolean publicOnly) {
2608         checkInitted();
2609         Field[] res;
2610         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
2611         if (rd != null) {
2612             res = publicOnly ? rd.declaredPublicFields : rd.declaredFields;
2613             if (res != null) return res;
2614         }
2615         // No cached value available; request value from VM
2616         res = Reflection.filterFields(this, getDeclaredFields0(publicOnly));
2617         if (rd != null) {
2618             if (publicOnly) {
2619                 rd.declaredPublicFields = res;
2620             } else {
2621                 rd.declaredFields = res;
2622             }
2623         }
2624         return res;
2625     }
2626 
2627     // Returns an array of "root" fields. These Field objects must NOT
2628     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
2629     // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
2630     private Field[] privateGetPublicFields(Set<Class<?>> traversedInterfaces) {
2631         checkInitted();
2632         Field[] res;
2633         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
2634         if (rd != null) {
2635             res = rd.publicFields;
2636             if (res != null) return res;
2637         }
2638 
2639         // No cached value available; compute value recursively.
2640         // Traverse in correct order for getField().
2641         List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
2642         if (traversedInterfaces == null) {
2643             traversedInterfaces = new HashSet<>();
2644         }
2645 
2646         // Local fields
2647         Field[] tmp = privateGetDeclaredFields(true);
2648         addAll(fields, tmp);
2649 
2650         // Direct superinterfaces, recursively
2651         for (Class<?> c : getInterfaces()) {
2652             if (!traversedInterfaces.contains(c)) {
2653                 traversedInterfaces.add(c);
2654                 addAll(fields, c.privateGetPublicFields(traversedInterfaces));
2655             }
2656         }
2657 
2658         // Direct superclass, recursively
2659         if (!isInterface()) {
2660             Class<?> c = getSuperclass();
2661             if (c != null) {
2662                 addAll(fields, c.privateGetPublicFields(traversedInterfaces));
2663             }
2664         }
2665 
2666         res = new Field[fields.size()];
2667         fields.toArray(res);
2668         if (rd != null) {
2669             rd.publicFields = res;
2670         }
2671         return res;
2672     }
2673 
2674     private static void addAll(Collection<Field> c, Field[] o) {
2675         for (Field f : o) {
2676             c.add(f);
2677         }
2678     }
2679 
2680 
2681     //
2682     //
2683     // java.lang.reflect.Constructor handling
2684     //
2685     //
2686 
2687     // Returns an array of "root" constructors. These Constructor
2688     // objects must NOT be propagated to the outside world, but must
2689     // instead be copied via ReflectionFactory.copyConstructor.
2690     private Constructor<T>[] privateGetDeclaredConstructors(boolean publicOnly) {
2691         checkInitted();
2692         Constructor<T>[] res;
2693         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
2694         if (rd != null) {
2695             res = publicOnly ? rd.publicConstructors : rd.declaredConstructors;
2696             if (res != null) return res;
2697         }
2698         // No cached value available; request value from VM
2699         if (isInterface()) {
2700             @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
2701             Constructor<T>[] temporaryRes = (Constructor<T>[]) new Constructor<?>[0];
2702             res = temporaryRes;
2703         } else {
2704             res = getDeclaredConstructors0(publicOnly);
2705         }
2706         if (rd != null) {
2707             if (publicOnly) {
2708                 rd.publicConstructors = res;
2709             } else {
2710                 rd.declaredConstructors = res;
2711             }
2712         }
2713         return res;
2714     }
2715 
2716     //
2717     //
2718     // java.lang.reflect.Method handling
2719     //
2720     //
2721 
2722     // Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
2723     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
2724     // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
2725     private Method[] privateGetDeclaredMethods(boolean publicOnly) {
2726         checkInitted();
2727         Method[] res;
2728         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
2729         if (rd != null) {
2730             res = publicOnly ? rd.declaredPublicMethods : rd.declaredMethods;
2731             if (res != null) return res;
2732         }
2733         // No cached value available; request value from VM
2734         res = Reflection.filterMethods(this, getDeclaredMethods0(publicOnly));
2735         if (rd != null) {
2736             if (publicOnly) {
2737                 rd.declaredPublicMethods = res;
2738             } else {
2739                 rd.declaredMethods = res;
2740             }
2741         }
2742         return res;
2743     }
2744 
2745     static class MethodArray {
2746         // Don't add or remove methods except by add() or remove() calls.
2747         private Method[] methods;
2748         private int length;
2749         private int defaults;
2750 
2751         MethodArray() {
2752             this(20);
2753         }
2754 
2755         MethodArray(int initialSize) {
2756             if (initialSize < 2)
2757                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Size should be 2 or more");
2758 
2759             methods = new Method[initialSize];
2760             length = 0;
2761             defaults = 0;
2762         }
2763 
2764         boolean hasDefaults() {
2765             return defaults != 0;
2766         }
2767 
2768         void add(Method m) {
2769             if (length == methods.length) {
2770                 methods = Arrays.copyOf(methods, 2 * methods.length);
2771             }
2772             methods[length++] = m;
2773 
2774             if (m != null && m.isDefault())
2775                 defaults++;
2776         }
2777 
2778         void addAll(Method[] ma) {
2779             for (Method m : ma) {
2780                 add(m);
2781             }
2782         }
2783 
2784         void addAll(MethodArray ma) {
2785             for (int i = 0; i < ma.length(); i++) {
2786                 add(ma.get(i));
2787             }
2788         }
2789 
2790         void addIfNotPresent(Method newMethod) {
2791             for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
2792                 Method m = methods[i];
2793                 if (m == newMethod || (m != null && m.equals(newMethod))) {
2794                     return;
2795                 }
2796             }
2797             add(newMethod);
2798         }
2799 
2800         void addAllIfNotPresent(MethodArray newMethods) {
2801             for (int i = 0; i < newMethods.length(); i++) {
2802                 Method m = newMethods.get(i);
2803                 if (m != null) {
2804                     addIfNotPresent(m);
2805                 }
2806             }
2807         }
2808 
2809         /* Add Methods declared in an interface to this MethodArray.
2810          * Static methods declared in interfaces are not inherited.
2811          */
2812         void addInterfaceMethods(Method[] methods) {
2813             for (Method candidate : methods) {
2814                 if (!Modifier.isStatic(candidate.getModifiers())) {
2815                     add(candidate);
2816                 }
2817             }
2818         }
2819 
2820         int length() {
2821             return length;
2822         }
2823 
2824         Method get(int i) {
2825             return methods[i];
2826         }
2827 
2828         Method getFirst() {
2829             for (Method m : methods)
2830                 if (m != null)
2831                     return m;
2832             return null;
2833         }
2834 
2835         void removeByNameAndDescriptor(Method toRemove) {
2836             for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
2837                 Method m = methods[i];
2838                 if (m != null && matchesNameAndDescriptor(m, toRemove)) {
2839                     remove(i);
2840                 }
2841             }
2842         }
2843 
2844         private void remove(int i) {
2845             if (methods[i] != null && methods[i].isDefault())
2846                 defaults--;
2847             methods[i] = null;
2848         }
2849 
2850         private boolean matchesNameAndDescriptor(Method m1, Method m2) {
2851             return m1.getReturnType() == m2.getReturnType() &&
2852                    m1.getName() == m2.getName() && // name is guaranteed to be interned
2853                    arrayContentsEq(m1.getParameterTypes(),
2854                            m2.getParameterTypes());
2855         }
2856 
2857         void compactAndTrim() {
2858             int newPos = 0;
2859             // Get rid of null slots
2860             for (int pos = 0; pos < length; pos++) {
2861                 Method m = methods[pos];
2862                 if (m != null) {
2863                     if (pos != newPos) {
2864                         methods[newPos] = m;
2865                     }
2866                     newPos++;
2867                 }
2868             }
2869             if (newPos != methods.length) {
2870                 methods = Arrays.copyOf(methods, newPos);
2871             }
2872         }
2873 
2874         /* Removes all Methods from this MethodArray that have a more specific
2875          * default Method in this MethodArray.
2876          *
2877          * Users of MethodArray are responsible for pruning Methods that have
2878          * a more specific <em>concrete</em> Method.
2879          */
2880         void removeLessSpecifics() {
2881             if (!hasDefaults())
2882                 return;
2883 
2884             for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
2885                 Method m = get(i);
2886                 if  (m == null || !m.isDefault())
2887                     continue;
2888 
2889                 for (int j  = 0; j < length; j++) {
2890                     if (i == j)
2891                         continue;
2892 
2893                     Method candidate = get(j);
2894                     if (candidate == null)
2895                         continue;
2896 
2897                     if (!matchesNameAndDescriptor(m, candidate))
2898                         continue;
2899 
2900                     if (hasMoreSpecificClass(m, candidate))
2901                         remove(j);
2902                 }
2903             }
2904         }
2905 
2906         Method[] getArray() {
2907             return methods;
2908         }
2909 
2910         // Returns true if m1 is more specific than m2
2911         static boolean hasMoreSpecificClass(Method m1, Method m2) {
2912             Class<?> m1Class = m1.getDeclaringClass();
2913             Class<?> m2Class = m2.getDeclaringClass();
2914             return m1Class != m2Class && m2Class.isAssignableFrom(m1Class);
2915         }
2916     }
2917 
2918 
2919     // Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
2920     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
2921     // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
2922     private Method[] privateGetPublicMethods() {
2923         checkInitted();
2924         Method[] res;
2925         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
2926         if (rd != null) {
2927             res = rd.publicMethods;
2928             if (res != null) return res;
2929         }
2930 
2931         // No cached value available; compute value recursively.
2932         // Start by fetching public declared methods
2933         MethodArray methods = new MethodArray();
2934         {
2935             Method[] tmp = privateGetDeclaredMethods(true);
2936             methods.addAll(tmp);
2937         }
2938         // Now recur over superclass and direct superinterfaces.
2939         // Go over superinterfaces first so we can more easily filter
2940         // out concrete implementations inherited from superclasses at
2941         // the end.
2942         MethodArray inheritedMethods = new MethodArray();
2943         for (Class<?> i : getInterfaces()) {
2944             inheritedMethods.addInterfaceMethods(i.privateGetPublicMethods());
2945         }
2946         if (!isInterface()) {
2947             Class<?> c = getSuperclass();
2948             if (c != null) {
2949                 MethodArray supers = new MethodArray();
2950                 supers.addAll(c.privateGetPublicMethods());
2951                 // Filter out concrete implementations of any
2952                 // interface methods
2953                 for (int i = 0; i < supers.length(); i++) {
2954                     Method m = supers.get(i);
2955                     if (m != null &&
2956                             !Modifier.isAbstract(m.getModifiers()) &&
2957                             !m.isDefault()) {
2958                         inheritedMethods.removeByNameAndDescriptor(m);
2959                     }
2960                 }
2961                 // Insert superclass's inherited methods before
2962                 // superinterfaces' to satisfy getMethod's search
2963                 // order
2964                 supers.addAll(inheritedMethods);
2965                 inheritedMethods = supers;
2966             }
2967         }
2968         // Filter out all local methods from inherited ones
2969         for (int i = 0; i < methods.length(); i++) {
2970             Method m = methods.get(i);
2971             inheritedMethods.removeByNameAndDescriptor(m);
2972         }
2973         methods.addAllIfNotPresent(inheritedMethods);
2974         methods.removeLessSpecifics();
2975         methods.compactAndTrim();
2976         res = methods.getArray();
2977         if (rd != null) {
2978             rd.publicMethods = res;
2979         }
2980         return res;
2981     }
2982 
2983 
2984     //
2985     // Helpers for fetchers of one field, method, or constructor
2986     //
2987 
2988     private static Field searchFields(Field[] fields, String name) {
2989         String internedName = name.intern();
2990         for (Field field : fields) {
2991             if (field.getName() == internedName) {
2992                 return getReflectionFactory().copyField(field);
2993             }
2994         }
2995         return null;
2996     }
2997 
2998     private Field getField0(String name) throws NoSuchFieldException {
2999         // Note: the intent is that the search algorithm this routine
3000         // uses be equivalent to the ordering imposed by
3001         // privateGetPublicFields(). It fetches only the declared
3002         // public fields for each class, however, to reduce the number
3003         // of Field objects which have to be created for the common
3004         // case where the field being requested is declared in the
3005         // class which is being queried.
3006         Field res;
3007         // Search declared public fields
3008         if ((res = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(true), name)) != null) {
3009             return res;
3010         }
3011         // Direct superinterfaces, recursively
3012         Class<?>[] interfaces = getInterfaces();
3013         for (Class<?> c : interfaces) {
3014             if ((res = c.getField0(name)) != null) {
3015                 return res;
3016             }
3017         }
3018         // Direct superclass, recursively
3019         if (!isInterface()) {
3020             Class<?> c = getSuperclass();
3021             if (c != null) {
3022                 if ((res = c.getField0(name)) != null) {
3023                     return res;
3024                 }
3025             }
3026         }
3027         return null;
3028     }
3029 
3030     private static Method searchMethods(Method[] methods,
3031                                         String name,
3032                                         Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
3033     {
3034         Method res = null;
3035         String internedName = name.intern();
3036         for (Method m : methods) {
3037             if (m.getName() == internedName
3038                 && arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes, m.getParameterTypes())
3039                 && (res == null
3040                     || res.getReturnType().isAssignableFrom(m.getReturnType())))
3041                 res = m;
3042         }
3043 
3044         return (res == null ? res : getReflectionFactory().copyMethod(res));
3045     }
3046 
3047     private Method getMethod0(String name, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, boolean includeStaticMethods) {
3048         MethodArray interfaceCandidates = new MethodArray(2);
3049         Method res =  privateGetMethodRecursive(name, parameterTypes, includeStaticMethods, interfaceCandidates);
3050         if (res != null)
3051             return res;
3052 
3053         // Not found on class or superclass directly
3054         interfaceCandidates.removeLessSpecifics();
3055         return interfaceCandidates.getFirst(); // may be null
3056     }
3057 
3058     private Method privateGetMethodRecursive(String name,
3059             Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
3060             boolean includeStaticMethods,
3061             MethodArray allInterfaceCandidates) {
3062         // Note: the intent is that the search algorithm this routine
3063         // uses be equivalent to the ordering imposed by
3064         // privateGetPublicMethods(). It fetches only the declared
3065         // public methods for each class, however, to reduce the
3066         // number of Method objects which have to be created for the
3067         // common case where the method being requested is declared in
3068         // the class which is being queried.
3069         //
3070         // Due to default methods, unless a method is found on a superclass,
3071         // methods declared in any superinterface needs to be considered.
3072         // Collect all candidates declared in superinterfaces in {@code
3073         // allInterfaceCandidates} and select the most specific if no match on
3074         // a superclass is found.
3075 
3076         // Must _not_ return root methods
3077         Method res;
3078         // Search declared public methods
3079         if ((res = searchMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(true),
3080                                  name,
3081                                  parameterTypes)) != null) {
3082             if (includeStaticMethods || !Modifier.isStatic(res.getModifiers()))
3083                 return res;
3084         }
3085         // Search superclass's methods
3086         if (!isInterface()) {
3087             Class<? super T> c = getSuperclass();
3088             if (c != null) {
3089                 if ((res = c.getMethod0(name, parameterTypes, true)) != null) {
3090                     return res;
3091                 }
3092             }
3093         }
3094         // Search superinterfaces' methods
3095         Class<?>[] interfaces = getInterfaces();
3096         for (Class<?> c : interfaces)
3097             if ((res = c.getMethod0(name, parameterTypes, false)) != null)
3098                 allInterfaceCandidates.add(res);
3099         // Not found
3100         return null;
3101     }
3102 
3103     private Constructor<T> getConstructor0(Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
3104                                         int which) throws NoSuchMethodException
3105     {
3106         Constructor<T>[] constructors = privateGetDeclaredConstructors((which == Member.PUBLIC));
3107         for (Constructor<T> constructor : constructors) {
3108             if (arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes,
3109                                 constructor.getParameterTypes())) {
3110                 return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(constructor);
3111             }
3112         }
3113         throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + ".<init>" + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
3114     }
3115 
3116     //
3117     // Other helpers and base implementation
3118     //
3119 
3120     private static boolean arrayContentsEq(Object[] a1, Object[] a2) {
3121         if (a1 == null) {
3122             return a2 == null || a2.length == 0;
3123         }
3124 
3125         if (a2 == null) {
3126             return a1.length == 0;
3127         }
3128 
3129         if (a1.length != a2.length) {
3130             return false;
3131         }
3132 
3133         for (int i = 0; i < a1.length; i++) {
3134             if (a1[i] != a2[i]) {
3135                 return false;
3136             }
3137         }
3138 
3139         return true;
3140     }
3141 
3142     private static Field[] copyFields(Field[] arg) {
3143         Field[] out = new Field[arg.length];
3144         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3145         for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
3146             out[i] = fact.copyField(arg[i]);
3147         }
3148         return out;
3149     }
3150 
3151     private static Method[] copyMethods(Method[] arg) {
3152         Method[] out = new Method[arg.length];
3153         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3154         for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
3155             out[i] = fact.copyMethod(arg[i]);
3156         }
3157         return out;
3158     }
3159 
3160     private static <U> Constructor<U>[] copyConstructors(Constructor<U>[] arg) {
3161         Constructor<U>[] out = arg.clone();
3162         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3163         for (int i = 0; i < out.length; i++) {
3164             out[i] = fact.copyConstructor(out[i]);
3165         }
3166         return out;
3167     }
3168 
3169     private native Field[]       getDeclaredFields0(boolean publicOnly);
3170     private native Method[]      getDeclaredMethods0(boolean publicOnly);
3171     private native Constructor<T>[] getDeclaredConstructors0(boolean publicOnly);
3172     private native Class<?>[]   getDeclaredClasses0();
3173 
3174     private static String        argumentTypesToString(Class<?>[] argTypes) {
3175         StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(", ", "(", ")");
3176         if (argTypes != null) {
3177             for (int i = 0; i < argTypes.length; i++) {
3178                 Class<?> c = argTypes[i];
3179                 sj.add((c == null) ? "null" : c.getName());
3180             }
3181         }
3182         return sj.toString();
3183     }
3184 
3185     /** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.1 for interoperability */
3186     private static final long serialVersionUID = 3206093459760846163L;
3187 
3188 
3189     /**
3190      * Class Class is special cased within the Serialization Stream Protocol.
3191      *
3192      * A Class instance is written initially into an ObjectOutputStream in the
3193      * following format:
3194      * <pre>
3195      *      {@code TC_CLASS} ClassDescriptor
3196      *      A ClassDescriptor is a special cased serialization of
3197      *      a {@code java.io.ObjectStreamClass} instance.
3198      * </pre>
3199      * A new handle is generated for the initial time the class descriptor
3200      * is written into the stream. Future references to the class descriptor
3201      * are written as references to the initial class descriptor instance.
3202      *
3203      * @see java.io.ObjectStreamClass
3204      */
3205     private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields =
3206         new ObjectStreamField[0];
3207 
3208 
3209     /**
3210      * Returns the assertion status that would be assigned to this
3211      * class if it were to be initialized at the time this method is invoked.
3212      * If this class has had its assertion status set, the most recent
3213      * setting will be returned; otherwise, if any package default assertion
3214      * status pertains to this class, the most recent setting for the most
3215      * specific pertinent package default assertion status is returned;
3216      * otherwise, if this class is not a system class (i.e., it has a
3217      * class loader) its class loader's default assertion status is returned;
3218      * otherwise, the system class default assertion status is returned.
3219      * <p>
3220      * Few programmers will have any need for this method; it is provided
3221      * for the benefit of the JRE itself.  (It allows a class to determine at
3222      * the time that it is initialized whether assertions should be enabled.)
3223      * Note that this method is not guaranteed to return the actual
3224      * assertion status that was (or will be) associated with the specified
3225      * class when it was (or will be) initialized.
3226      *
3227      * @return the desired assertion status of the specified class.
3228      * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setClassAssertionStatus
3229      * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setPackageAssertionStatus
3230      * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setDefaultAssertionStatus
3231      * @since  1.4
3232      */
3233     public boolean desiredAssertionStatus() {
3234         ClassLoader loader = getClassLoader();
3235         // If the loader is null this is a system class, so ask the VM
3236         if (loader == null)
3237             return desiredAssertionStatus0(this);
3238 
3239         // If the classloader has been initialized with the assertion
3240         // directives, ask it. Otherwise, ask the VM.
3241         synchronized(loader.assertionLock) {
3242             if (loader.classAssertionStatus != null) {
3243                 return loader.desiredAssertionStatus(getName());
3244             }
3245         }
3246         return desiredAssertionStatus0(this);
3247     }
3248 
3249     // Retrieves the desired assertion status of this class from the VM
3250     private static native boolean desiredAssertionStatus0(Class<?> clazz);
3251 
3252     /**
3253      * Returns true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
3254      * source code.
3255      *
3256      * @return true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
3257      *     source code
3258      * @since 1.5
3259      */
3260     public boolean isEnum() {
3261         // An enum must both directly extend java.lang.Enum and have
3262         // the ENUM bit set; classes for specialized enum constants
3263         // don't do the former.
3264         return (this.getModifiers() & ENUM) != 0 &&
3265         this.getSuperclass() == java.lang.Enum.class;
3266     }
3267 
3268     // Fetches the factory for reflective objects
3269     private static ReflectionFactory getReflectionFactory() {
3270         if (reflectionFactory == null) {
3271             reflectionFactory =
3272                 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged
3273                     (new sun.reflect.ReflectionFactory.GetReflectionFactoryAction());
3274         }
3275         return reflectionFactory;
3276     }
3277     private static ReflectionFactory reflectionFactory;
3278 
3279     // To be able to query system properties as soon as they're available
3280     private static boolean initted = false;
3281     private static void checkInitted() {
3282         if (initted) return;
3283         AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<>() {
3284                 public Void run() {
3285                     // Tests to ensure the system properties table is fully
3286                     // initialized. This is needed because reflection code is
3287                     // called very early in the initialization process (before
3288                     // command-line arguments have been parsed and therefore
3289                     // these user-settable properties installed.) We assume that
3290                     // if System.out is non-null then the System class has been
3291                     // fully initialized and that the bulk of the startup code
3292                     // has been run.
3293 
3294                     if (System.out == null) {
3295                         // java.lang.System not yet fully initialized
3296                         return null;
3297                     }
3298 
3299                     // Doesn't use Boolean.getBoolean to avoid class init.
3300                     String val =
3301                         System.getProperty("sun.reflect.noCaches");
3302                     if (val != null && val.equals("true")) {
3303                         useCaches = false;
3304                     }
3305 
3306                     initted = true;
3307                     return null;
3308                 }
3309             });
3310     }
3311 
3312     /**
3313      * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
3314      * Class object does not represent an enum type.
3315      *
3316      * @return an array containing the values comprising the enum class
3317      *     represented by this Class object in the order they're
3318      *     declared, or null if this Class object does not
3319      *     represent an enum type
3320      * @since 1.5
3321      */
3322     public T[] getEnumConstants() {
3323         T[] values = getEnumConstantsShared();
3324         return (values != null) ? values.clone() : null;
3325     }
3326 
3327     /**
3328      * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
3329      * Class object does not represent an enum type;
3330      * identical to getEnumConstants except that the result is
3331      * uncloned, cached, and shared by all callers.
3332      */
3333     T[] getEnumConstantsShared() {
3334         if (enumConstants == null) {
3335             if (!isEnum()) return null;
3336             try {
3337                 final Method values = getMethod("values");
3338                 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
3339                     new java.security.PrivilegedAction<>() {
3340                         public Void run() {
3341                                 values.setAccessible(true);
3342                                 return null;
3343                             }
3344                         });
3345                 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3346                 T[] temporaryConstants = (T[])values.invoke(null);
3347                 enumConstants = temporaryConstants;
3348             }
3349             // These can happen when users concoct enum-like classes
3350             // that don't comply with the enum spec.
3351             catch (InvocationTargetException | NoSuchMethodException |
3352                    IllegalAccessException ex) { return null; }
3353         }
3354         return enumConstants;
3355     }
3356     private volatile transient T[] enumConstants = null;
3357 
3358     /**
3359      * Returns a map from simple name to enum constant.  This package-private
3360      * method is used internally by Enum to implement
3361      * {@code public static <T extends Enum<T>> T valueOf(Class<T>, String)}
3362      * efficiently.  Note that the map is returned by this method is
3363      * created lazily on first use.  Typically it won't ever get created.
3364      */
3365     Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory() {
3366         if (enumConstantDirectory == null) {
3367             T[] universe = getEnumConstantsShared();
3368             if (universe == null)
3369                 throw new IllegalArgumentException(
3370                     getName() + " is not an enum type");
3371             Map<String, T> m = new HashMap<>(2 * universe.length);
3372             for (T constant : universe)
3373                 m.put(((Enum<?>)constant).name(), constant);
3374             enumConstantDirectory = m;
3375         }
3376         return enumConstantDirectory;
3377     }
3378     private volatile transient Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory = null;
3379 
3380     /**
3381      * Casts an object to the class or interface represented
3382      * by this {@code Class} object.
3383      *
3384      * @param obj the object to be cast
3385      * @return the object after casting, or null if obj is null
3386      *
3387      * @throws ClassCastException if the object is not
3388      * null and is not assignable to the type T.
3389      *
3390      * @since 1.5
3391      */
3392     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3393     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
3394     public T cast(Object obj) {
3395         if (obj != null && !isInstance(obj))
3396             throw new ClassCastException(cannotCastMsg(obj));
3397         return (T) obj;
3398     }
3399 
3400     private String cannotCastMsg(Object obj) {
3401         return "Cannot cast " + obj.getClass().getName() + " to " + getName();
3402     }
3403 
3404     /**
3405      * Casts this {@code Class} object to represent a subclass of the class
3406      * represented by the specified class object.  Checks that the cast
3407      * is valid, and throws a {@code ClassCastException} if it is not.  If
3408      * this method succeeds, it always returns a reference to this class object.
3409      *
3410      * <p>This method is useful when a client needs to "narrow" the type of
3411      * a {@code Class} object to pass it to an API that restricts the
3412      * {@code Class} objects that it is willing to accept.  A cast would
3413      * generate a compile-time warning, as the correctness of the cast
3414      * could not be checked at runtime (because generic types are implemented
3415      * by erasure).
3416      *
3417      * @param <U> the type to cast this class object to
3418      * @param clazz the class of the type to cast this class object to
3419      * @return this {@code Class} object, cast to represent a subclass of
3420      *    the specified class object.
3421      * @throws ClassCastException if this {@code Class} object does not
3422      *    represent a subclass of the specified class (here "subclass" includes
3423      *    the class itself).
3424      * @since 1.5
3425      */
3426     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3427     public <U> Class<? extends U> asSubclass(Class<U> clazz) {
3428         if (clazz.isAssignableFrom(this))
3429             return (Class<? extends U>) this;
3430         else
3431             throw new ClassCastException(this.toString());
3432     }
3433 
3434     /**
3435      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3436      * @since 1.5
3437      */
3438     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3439     public <A extends Annotation> A getAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
3440         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
3441 
3442         return (A) annotationData().annotations.get(annotationClass);
3443     }
3444 
3445     /**
3446      * {@inheritDoc}
3447      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3448      * @since 1.5
3449      */
3450     @Override
3451     public boolean isAnnotationPresent(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass) {
3452         return GenericDeclaration.super.isAnnotationPresent(annotationClass);
3453     }
3454 
3455     /**
3456      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3457      * @since 1.8
3458      */
3459     @Override
3460     public <A extends Annotation> A[] getAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass) {
3461         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
3462 
3463         AnnotationData annotationData = annotationData();
3464         return AnnotationSupport.getAssociatedAnnotations(annotationData.declaredAnnotations,
3465                                                           this,
3466                                                           annotationClass);
3467     }
3468 
3469     /**
3470      * @since 1.5
3471      */
3472     public Annotation[] getAnnotations() {
3473         return AnnotationParser.toArray(annotationData().annotations);
3474     }
3475 
3476     /**
3477      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3478      * @since 1.8
3479      */
3480     @Override
3481     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3482     public <A extends Annotation> A getDeclaredAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
3483         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
3484 
3485         return (A) annotationData().declaredAnnotations.get(annotationClass);
3486     }
3487 
3488     /**
3489      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3490      * @since 1.8
3491      */
3492     @Override
3493     public <A extends Annotation> A[] getDeclaredAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass) {
3494         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
3495 
3496         return AnnotationSupport.getDirectlyAndIndirectlyPresent(annotationData().declaredAnnotations,
3497                                                                  annotationClass);
3498     }
3499 
3500     /**
3501      * @since 1.5
3502      */
3503     public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations()  {
3504         return AnnotationParser.toArray(annotationData().declaredAnnotations);
3505     }
3506 
3507     // annotation data that might get invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called
3508     private static class AnnotationData {
3509         final Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations;
3510         final Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations;
3511 
3512         // Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this AnnotationData instance
3513         final int redefinedCount;
3514 
3515         AnnotationData(Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations,
3516                        Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations,
3517                        int redefinedCount) {
3518             this.annotations = annotations;
3519             this.declaredAnnotations = declaredAnnotations;
3520             this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount;
3521         }
3522     }
3523 
3524     // Annotations cache
3525     @SuppressWarnings("UnusedDeclaration")
3526     private volatile transient AnnotationData annotationData;
3527 
3528     private AnnotationData annotationData() {
3529         while (true) { // retry loop
3530             AnnotationData annotationData = this.annotationData;
3531             int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
3532             if (annotationData != null &&
3533                 annotationData.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
3534                 return annotationData;
3535             }
3536             // null or stale annotationData -> optimistically create new instance
3537             AnnotationData newAnnotationData = createAnnotationData(classRedefinedCount);
3538             // try to install it
3539             if (Atomic.casAnnotationData(this, annotationData, newAnnotationData)) {
3540                 // successfully installed new AnnotationData
3541                 return newAnnotationData;
3542             }
3543         }
3544     }
3545 
3546     private AnnotationData createAnnotationData(int classRedefinedCount) {
3547         Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations =
3548             AnnotationParser.parseAnnotations(getRawAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
3549         Class<?> superClass = getSuperclass();
3550         Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations = null;
3551         if (superClass != null) {
3552             Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> superAnnotations =
3553                 superClass.annotationData().annotations;
3554             for (Map.Entry<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> e : superAnnotations.entrySet()) {
3555                 Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass = e.getKey();
3556                 if (AnnotationType.getInstance(annotationClass).isInherited()) {
3557                     if (annotations == null) { // lazy construction
3558                         annotations = new LinkedHashMap<>((Math.max(
3559                                 declaredAnnotations.size(),
3560                                 Math.min(12, declaredAnnotations.size() + superAnnotations.size())
3561                             ) * 4 + 2) / 3
3562                         );
3563                     }
3564                     annotations.put(annotationClass, e.getValue());
3565                 }
3566             }
3567         }
3568         if (annotations == null) {
3569             // no inherited annotations -> share the Map with declaredAnnotations
3570             annotations = declaredAnnotations;
3571         } else {
3572             // at least one inherited annotation -> declared may override inherited
3573             annotations.putAll(declaredAnnotations);
3574         }
3575         return new AnnotationData(annotations, declaredAnnotations, classRedefinedCount);
3576     }
3577 
3578     // Annotation types cache their internal (AnnotationType) form
3579 
3580     @SuppressWarnings("UnusedDeclaration")
3581     private volatile transient AnnotationType annotationType;
3582 
3583     boolean casAnnotationType(AnnotationType oldType, AnnotationType newType) {
3584         return Atomic.casAnnotationType(this, oldType, newType);
3585     }
3586 
3587     AnnotationType getAnnotationType() {
3588         return annotationType;
3589     }
3590 
3591     Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> getDeclaredAnnotationMap() {
3592         return annotationData().declaredAnnotations;
3593     }
3594 
3595     /* Backing store of user-defined values pertaining to this class.
3596      * Maintained by the ClassValue class.
3597      */
3598     transient ClassValue.ClassValueMap classValueMap;
3599 
3600     /**
3601      * Returns an {@code AnnotatedType} object that represents the use of a
3602      * type to specify the superclass of the entity represented by this {@code
3603      * Class} object. (The <em>use</em> of type Foo to specify the superclass
3604      * in '...  extends Foo' is distinct from the <em>declaration</em> of type
3605      * Foo.)
3606      *
3607      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type whose declaration
3608      * does not explicitly indicate an annotated superclass, then the return
3609      * value is an {@code AnnotatedType} object representing an element with no
3610      * annotations.
3611      *
3612      * <p> If this {@code Class} represents either the {@code Object} class, an
3613      * interface type, an array type, a primitive type, or void, the return
3614      * value is {@code null}.
3615      *
3616      * @return an object representing the superclass
3617      * @since 1.8
3618      */
3619     public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedSuperclass() {
3620         if (this == Object.class ||
3621                 isInterface() ||
3622                 isArray() ||
3623                 isPrimitive() ||
3624                 this == Void.TYPE) {
3625             return null;
3626         }
3627 
3628         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedSuperclass(getRawTypeAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
3629     }
3630 
3631     /**
3632      * Returns an array of {@code AnnotatedType} objects that represent the use
3633      * of types to specify superinterfaces of the entity represented by this
3634      * {@code Class} object. (The <em>use</em> of type Foo to specify a
3635      * superinterface in '... implements Foo' is distinct from the
3636      * <em>declaration</em> of type Foo.)
3637      *
3638      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class, the return value is
3639      * an array containing objects representing the uses of interface types to
3640      * specify interfaces implemented by the class. The order of the objects in
3641      * the array corresponds to the order of the interface types used in the
3642      * 'implements' clause of the declaration of this {@code Class} object.
3643      *
3644      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, the return
3645      * value is an array containing objects representing the uses of interface
3646      * types to specify interfaces directly extended by the interface. The
3647      * order of the objects in the array corresponds to the order of the
3648      * interface types used in the 'extends' clause of the declaration of this
3649      * {@code Class} object.
3650      *
3651      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface whose
3652      * declaration does not explicitly indicate any annotated superinterfaces,
3653      * the return value is an array of length 0.
3654      *
3655      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents either the {@code Object}
3656      * class, an array type, a primitive type, or void, the return value is an
3657      * array of length 0.
3658      *
3659      * @return an array representing the superinterfaces
3660      * @since 1.8
3661      */
3662     public AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedInterfaces() {
3663          return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedInterfaces(getRawTypeAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
3664     }
3665 }