1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # <pre> 25 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 26 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 27 28 # This file also includes Pacific islands. 29 30 # Notes are at the end of this file 31 32 ############################################################################### 33 34 # Australia 35 36 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 37 38 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 39 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 40 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 41 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 42 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 43 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 44 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 45 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 46 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 47 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 48 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 49 50 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 51 # Northern Territory 52 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 53 9:00 - CST 1899 May 54 9:30 Aus CST 55 # Western Australia 56 # 57 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 58 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 59 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 60 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 61 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 62 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 63 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 64 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 65 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 66 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 67 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 68 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 69 8:00 AW WST 70 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 71 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 72 8:45 AW CWST 73 74 # Queensland 75 # 76 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 77 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 78 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 79 # Queensland ceased to. 80 # 81 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 82 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 83 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 84 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 85 # so use Lindeman. 86 # 87 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 88 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 89 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 90 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 91 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 92 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 93 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 94 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 95 10:00 Aus EST 1971 96 10:00 AQ EST 97 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 98 10:00 Aus EST 1971 99 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 100 10:00 Holiday EST 101 102 # South Australia 103 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 104 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 105 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 106 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 107 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 108 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 109 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 110 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 111 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 112 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 113 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 114 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 115 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 116 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 117 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 118 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 119 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 120 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 121 9:00 - CST 1899 May 122 9:30 Aus CST 1971 123 9:30 AS CST 124 125 # Tasmania 126 # 127 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 128 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 129 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 130 # 131 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 132 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 133 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 134 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 135 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 136 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 137 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 138 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 139 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 140 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 141 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 142 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 143 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 144 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 145 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 146 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 147 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 148 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 149 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 150 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 151 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 152 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 153 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 154 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 155 10:00 Aus EST 1967 156 10:00 AT EST 157 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 158 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 159 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 160 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 161 10:00 AT EST 162 163 # Victoria 164 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 165 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 166 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 167 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 168 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 169 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 170 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 171 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 172 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 173 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 174 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 176 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 177 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 179 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 181 10:00 Aus EST 1971 182 10:00 AV EST 183 184 # New South Wales 185 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 186 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 187 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 188 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 189 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 190 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 191 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 192 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 193 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 194 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 195 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 196 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 197 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 198 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 199 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 200 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 201 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 202 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 203 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 204 10:00 Aus EST 1971 205 10:00 AN EST 206 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 207 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 208 9:00 - CST 1899 May 209 9:30 Aus CST 1971 210 9:30 AN CST 2000 211 9:30 AS CST 212 213 # Lord Howe Island 214 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 215 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 216 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 217 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 218 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 219 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 220 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 221 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 222 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 223 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 224 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 225 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 226 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 227 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 228 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 229 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 230 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 231 10:30 LH LHST 232 233 # Australian miscellany 234 # 235 # Ashmore Is, Cartier 236 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 237 # no times are set 238 # 239 # Coral Sea Is 240 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 241 # no times are set 242 # 243 # Macquarie 244 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 245 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 246 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 247 # <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828> 248 # <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831>. 249 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 250 # 251 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 252 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 253 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 254 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 255 # on 4 April. 256 # 257 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 258 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 259 # will produce a binary file with an EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 260 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 261 # pre-2013 versions of localtime. 262 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov 263 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 264 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 265 10:00 Aus EST 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 266 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 267 10:00 Aus EST 1967 268 10:00 AT EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00 269 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 270 271 # Christmas 272 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 273 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 274 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 275 276 # Cook Is 277 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 278 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 279 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 280 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 281 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 282 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 283 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 284 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 285 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 286 287 # Cocos 288 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 289 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 290 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 291 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 292 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 293 294 # Fiji 295 296 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 297 298 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 299 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 300 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 301 # 302 # "Daylight savings to commence this month" 303 # <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 304 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 305 # </a> 306 # or 307 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 308 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 309 # </a> 310 311 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 312 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 313 # amendments: 314 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 315 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 316 # </a> 317 318 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 319 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 320 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 321 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 322 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 323 # 324 # Official source: 325 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 326 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 327 # </a> 328 # 329 # A bit more background info here: 330 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 331 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 332 # </a> 333 334 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 335 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 336 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 337 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 338 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 339 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 340 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 341 # </a> 342 # or 343 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 344 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 345 # </a> 346 347 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 348 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 349 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 350 # 351 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 352 # www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 353 # </a> 354 # which says 355 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 356 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 357 # 2am on February 26 next year. 358 359 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 360 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 361 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 362 # 363 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 364 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 365 # </a> 366 # states: 367 # 368 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 369 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 370 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 371 # on the 23rd of October, 2011. 372 373 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 374 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 375 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 376 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 377 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 378 379 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 380 # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 381 # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 382 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 383 384 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 385 # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 386 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 387 388 # From Paul Eggert (2014-01-10): 389 # For now, guess that Fiji springs forward the Sunday before the fourth 390 # Monday in October, and springs back the penultimate Sunday in January. 391 # This is ad hoc, but matches recent practice. 392 393 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 394 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 395 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 396 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 397 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 398 Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 399 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 400 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 401 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 402 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 403 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 404 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 405 406 # French Polynesia 407 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 408 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 409 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 410 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 411 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 412 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 413 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 414 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 415 # it is uninhabited. 416 417 # Guam 418 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 419 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 420 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 421 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 422 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 423 424 # Kiribati 425 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 426 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 427 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 428 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 429 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 430 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 431 13:00 - PHOT 432 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 433 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 434 -10:00 - LINT 1995 435 14:00 - LINT 436 437 # N Mariana Is 438 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 439 Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 440 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 441 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 442 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 443 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 444 445 # Marshall Is 446 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 447 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 448 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 449 12:00 - MHT 450 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 451 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 452 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 453 12:00 - MHT 454 455 # Micronesia 456 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 457 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 458 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 459 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 460 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 461 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 462 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 463 12:00 - KOST 1999 464 11:00 - KOST 465 466 # Nauru 467 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 468 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 469 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 470 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 471 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 472 12:00 - NRT 473 474 # New Caledonia 475 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 476 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 477 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 478 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 479 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 480 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 481 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 482 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 483 11:00 NC NC%sT 484 485 486 ############################################################################### 487 488 # New Zealand 489 490 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 491 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 492 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 493 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 494 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 495 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 496 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 497 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 498 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 499 # convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 500 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 501 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 502 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 503 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 504 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 505 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 506 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 507 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 508 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 509 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 510 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 511 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 512 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 513 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 514 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 515 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 516 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 517 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 518 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 519 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 520 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 521 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 522 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 523 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 524 525 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 526 527 # Auckland Is 528 # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 529 # and scientific personnel have wintered 530 531 # Campbell I 532 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 533 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; 534 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 535 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland 536 537 ############################################################################### 538 539 540 # Niue 541 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 542 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 543 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 544 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 545 -11:00 - NUT 546 547 # Norfolk 548 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 549 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 550 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 551 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 552 553 # Palau (Belau) 554 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 555 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 556 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 557 558 # Papua New Guinea 559 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 560 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 561 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 562 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 563 564 # Pitcairn 565 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 566 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 567 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 568 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 569 570 # American Samoa 571 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 572 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 573 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 574 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 575 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 576 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 577 578 # Samoa 579 580 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 581 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 582 # the following info: 583 # 584 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 585 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 586 # Sunday of April 2011." 587 # 588 # Background info: 589 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 590 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 591 # </a> 592 # 593 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 594 # contain any dates: 595 # <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 596 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 597 # </a> 598 599 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 600 # Please see 601 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 602 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws 603 # </a>, 604 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 605 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 606 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 607 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 608 609 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 610 # I believe this will be posted shortly on the website 611 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 612 # www.mcil.gov.ws 613 # </a> 614 # 615 # PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 616 # 617 # Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, 618 # businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight 619 # saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). 620 # 621 # The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes 622 # the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, 623 # then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be 624 # adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 625 # 626 # Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, 627 # INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 628 629 # From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): 630 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 631 # 632 # <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> 633 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 634 # </a> 635 636 # From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): 637 # I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law 638 # Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she 639 # confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather 640 # than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But 641 # the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa 642 # changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: 643 # 644 # International Date Line Bill 2011 645 # 646 # AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make 647 # consequential amendments to the position of the International Date 648 # Line, and for related purposes. 649 # 650 # BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament 651 # assembled as follows: 652 # 653 # 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the 654 # International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act 655 # commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) 656 # Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. 657 # 658 # [snip] 659 # 660 # 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any 661 # other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the 662 # time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. 663 # 664 # 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa 665 # standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated 666 # Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's 667 # time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and 668 # instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to 669 # Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this 670 # Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that 671 # it defines Samoa standard time.... 672 673 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 674 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> 675 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 676 # </a> 677 # 678 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 679 # 680 # DST 681 # Year End Time Start Time 682 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 683 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 684 # 685 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 686 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 687 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 688 # 689 # Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03): 690 # Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 691 # seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on 692 # a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below. 693 # 694 # From Nicky (2012-09-10): 695 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 696 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013. 697 # 698 # Please find link below for more information. 699 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 700 # 701 # That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well 702 # which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the 703 # future, so for now, we will guess this will continue. 704 705 # Western Samoa 706 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 707 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 708 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 709 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 710 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 711 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 712 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 713 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 714 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 715 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 716 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 717 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00 718 13:00 WS WS%sT 719 720 # Solomon Is 721 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 722 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 723 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 724 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 725 726 # Tokelau Is 727 # 728 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 729 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 730 # December 31 this year ... 731 # 732 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 733 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 734 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 735 # Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 736 # actually was to UTC-11 back then. 737 # 738 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 739 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 740 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 741 # <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 742 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 743 # are off by an hour starting in 1901. 744 745 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 746 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 747 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 748 13:00 - TKT 749 750 # Tonga 751 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 752 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 753 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 754 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 755 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 756 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 757 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 758 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 759 13:00 - TOT 1999 760 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 761 762 # Tuvalu 763 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 764 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 765 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 766 767 768 # US minor outlying islands 769 770 # Howland, Baker 771 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 772 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 773 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 774 # uninhabited thereafter. 775 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937; 776 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 777 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 778 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 779 # until they were abandoned after the war. 780 781 # Jarvis 782 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 783 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 784 # uninhabited thereafter. 785 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 786 787 # Johnston 788 # 789 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11): 790 # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 791 # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 792 # treat it like Hawaii for now. 793 # 794 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 795 # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 796 # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 797 # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 798 # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 799 # 800 # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 801 # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 802 # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 803 # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 804 # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 805 # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 806 # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 807 # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976 808 # <http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf>. 809 # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 810 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 811 # Minus One Hour". 812 # 813 # See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. 814 815 # Kingman 816 # uninhabited 817 818 # Midway 819 # 820 # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 821 # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 822 # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 823 # reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 824 # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 825 # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 826 # designations that I've never seen before:.... 827 # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 828 # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 829 # 830 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 831 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 832 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 833 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 834 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 835 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 836 837 # Palmyra 838 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 839 840 # Wake 841 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 842 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 843 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 844 845 846 # Vanuatu 847 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 848 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 849 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 850 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 851 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 852 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 853 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 854 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 855 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 856 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 857 858 # Wallis and Futuna 859 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 860 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 861 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 862 863 ############################################################################### 864 865 # NOTES 866 867 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 868 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 869 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 870 871 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 872 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 873 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 874 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 875 # 876 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 877 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 878 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 879 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 880 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 881 # 882 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 883 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 884 # 885 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 886 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 887 # I found in the UCLA library. 888 # 889 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 890 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 891 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 892 # 893 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 894 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 895 # 896 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 897 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 898 # Corrections are welcome! 899 # std dst 900 # LMT Local Mean Time 901 # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 902 # 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 903 # 9:00 JST Japan 904 # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 905 # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 906 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro 907 # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 908 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 909 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 910 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 911 # -11:00 SST Samoa 912 # -10:00 HST Hawaii 913 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 914 # 915 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 916 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 917 918 ############################################################################### 919 920 # Australia 921 922 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 923 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 924 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 925 # </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 926 927 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 928 # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 929 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 930 # </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 931 932 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 933 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 934 # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 935 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 936 # abbreviation does _not_ change... 937 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 938 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 939 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 940 # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 941 # time'. 942 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 943 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 944 # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 945 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 946 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 947 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 948 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 949 950 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 951 # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 952 # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 953 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 954 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 955 956 # From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 957 # I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 958 # <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 959 # And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 960 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 961 962 # From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 963 # versus "AEST" etc.: 964 # 965 # I see the following points of dispute: 966 # 967 # * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 968 # 969 # Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 970 # Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 971 # operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 972 # (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 973 # Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 974 # In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 975 # abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 976 # think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 977 # 978 # On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 979 # abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 980 # particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 981 # time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 982 # 983 # * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 984 # 985 # Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 986 # many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 987 # which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 988 # Time, for example. 989 # 990 # Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 991 # refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 992 # tiebreaker. 993 # 994 # * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 995 # Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 996 # the word "Australian"? 997 # 998 # My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 999 # common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 1000 # popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 1001 # often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 1002 # following count of page hits: 1003 # 1004 # 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 1005 # 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 1006 # 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 1007 # 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 1008 # 1009 # Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 1010 # particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 1011 # say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 1012 # Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 1013 # 1014 # For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 1015 # ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 1016 # many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 1017 # are the hit counts anyway: 1018 # 1019 # 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 1020 # 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 1021 # 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 1022 # 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 1023 # 1024 # 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 1025 # 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 1026 # 176 "ACST" and domain:au 1027 # 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 1028 # 1029 # 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 1030 # 68 "AWST" and domain:au 1031 # 1032 # This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 1033 # practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 1034 # the ambiguities involved. 1035 # 1036 # * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 1037 # 1038 # If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 1039 # against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 1040 # saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 1041 # understood in Australia. 1042 1043 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1044 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1045 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1046 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1047 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1048 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 1049 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1050 1051 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1052 # 1053 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1054 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1055 # relevant entries in this database. 1056 # 1057 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1058 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 1059 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1060 # </a> 1061 # ACT 1062 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 1063 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1064 # </a> 1065 # SA 1066 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 1067 # Standard Time Act, 1898 1068 # </a> 1069 1070 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1071 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1072 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1073 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1074 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1075 # 1076 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1077 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1078 # to extend DST together in 2006. 1079 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1080 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1081 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1082 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1083 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1084 # allude to it. 1085 # But not Queensland 1086 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 1087 1088 # Northern Territory 1089 1090 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1091 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1092 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1093 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1094 # ... 1095 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1096 1097 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1098 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1099 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1100 1101 # Western Australia 1102 1103 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1104 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1105 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1106 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1107 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1108 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1109 # # before reaching parliament. 1110 # ... 1111 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1112 # ... 1113 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1114 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1115 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1116 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1117 1118 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1119 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1120 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1121 1122 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1123 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1124 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1125 # work at 9.00am.) 1126 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1127 # everybody again. 1128 1129 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1130 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1131 # it matches what was used in the past. 1132 1133 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 1134 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1135 # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1136 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1137 1138 # Queensland 1139 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1140 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1141 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1142 # ... 1143 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1144 # ... 1145 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1146 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1147 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1148 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1149 1150 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1151 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1152 # October 1989). 1153 1154 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1155 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1156 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1157 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1158 1159 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1160 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1161 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1162 # me.) 1163 1164 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1165 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1166 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1167 # ... 1168 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1169 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1170 # ... 1171 1172 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1173 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1174 1175 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1176 # from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1177 # WA are trialing DST for three years. 1178 # <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 1179 1180 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1181 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1182 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1183 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1184 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1185 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1186 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1187 # Australia and Western Australia.... 1188 # 1189 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1190 # This is confirmed by the section entitled 1191 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1192 # <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 1193 # 1194 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1195 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1196 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1197 # coast of the continent. 1198 # 1199 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1200 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1201 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1202 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1203 # the largest population centre in this zone.... 1204 # 1205 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1206 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1207 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1208 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1209 # 1210 # (2006-12-09): 1211 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1212 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1213 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1214 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1215 1216 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1217 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1218 # introduction of standard time in 1895. 1219 1220 1221 # southeast Australia 1222 # 1223 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1224 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1225 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1226 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1227 1228 1229 # South Australia 1230 1231 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1232 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1233 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1234 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1235 1236 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1237 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1238 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1239 # ... 1240 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1241 # ... 1242 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1243 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1244 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1245 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1246 1247 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1248 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1249 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1250 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1251 1252 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1253 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1254 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1255 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1256 # is on... 1257 1258 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1259 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1260 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1261 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1262 1263 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1264 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1265 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1266 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1267 1268 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1269 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1270 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1271 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1272 1273 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1274 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1275 1276 # Tasmania 1277 1278 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1279 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1280 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1281 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1282 1283 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1284 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1285 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1286 # (but nothing new about that). 1287 1288 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1289 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1290 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1291 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1292 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1293 # instead of the first Sunday in October. 1294 1295 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1296 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1297 1298 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1299 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1300 1301 # Victoria 1302 1303 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1304 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1305 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1306 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1307 1308 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1309 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1310 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1311 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1312 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1313 # in Melbourne, Australia. 1314 # 1315 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1316 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1317 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1318 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1319 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1320 # expected time. 1321 # 1322 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1323 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1324 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1325 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1326 # 1327 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1328 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1329 1330 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1331 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1332 1333 # New South Wales 1334 1335 # From Arthur David Olson: 1336 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1337 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1338 # who notes: 1339 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1340 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1341 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1342 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1343 # legislation. This is very important to understand. 1344 # I have researched New South Wales time only... 1345 1346 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1347 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1348 # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1349 # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1350 # Two months more daylight saving 1351 # </a> 1352 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1353 1354 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1355 # See the following official NSW source: 1356 # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1357 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1358 # </a> 1359 # 1360 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1361 # daylight saving next year. See: 1362 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1363 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1364 # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1365 # 1366 # Victoria will following NSW. See: 1367 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1368 # Vic to extend daylight saving 1369 # </a> (1999-07-28). 1370 # 1371 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1372 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1373 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1374 # </a> (1999-07-19). 1375 # 1376 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1377 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1378 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1379 # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1380 # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1381 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1382 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1383 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1384 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1385 # 1386 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1387 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1388 # Broken Hill to be behind the times 1389 # </a> (1999-07-21). 1390 1391 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1392 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1393 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1394 1395 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1396 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1397 # towns to use Queensland time. 1398 1399 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1400 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1401 1402 # Yancowinna 1403 1404 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1405 # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1406 1407 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1408 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1409 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1410 # ... 1411 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1412 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1413 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1414 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1415 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1416 # # presently available. 1417 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1418 # ... 1419 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1420 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1421 # [followed by other Rules] 1422 1423 # Lord Howe Island 1424 1425 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1426 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1427 # [ Dec 1990 ] 1428 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1429 # hour ahead of NSW time. 1430 1431 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1432 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1433 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1434 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1435 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1436 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1437 # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1438 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1439 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1440 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1441 1442 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1443 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1444 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1445 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1446 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1447 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1448 1449 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1450 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1451 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1452 1453 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1454 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1455 1456 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1457 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1458 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1459 # summer (southern hemisphere). 1460 # 1461 # From 1462 # <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1463 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1464 # </a> 1465 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1466 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1467 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1468 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1469 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1470 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1471 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1472 # 1473 # We have a wrap-up here: 1474 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1475 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1476 # </a> 1477 ############################################################################### 1478 1479 # New Zealand 1480 1481 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1482 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1483 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1484 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1485 # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1486 1487 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1488 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1489 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1490 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1491 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1492 # ... 1493 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1494 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1495 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1496 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1497 # ... 1498 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1499 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1500 1501 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1502 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1503 # rather than the October 1 value. 1504 1505 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1506 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1507 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1508 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1509 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1510 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1511 # 1512 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1513 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1514 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1515 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1516 # 1517 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1518 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1519 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1520 1521 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1522 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1523 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1524 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1525 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1526 1527 ############################################################################### 1528 1529 1530 # Fiji 1531 1532 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1533 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1534 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1535 1536 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1537 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1538 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1539 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1540 1541 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1542 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1543 1544 # From the BBC World Service in 1545 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1546 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1547 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1548 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1549 # of the new millennium. 1550 1551 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1552 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1553 1554 # Johnston 1555 1556 # Johnston data is from usno1995. 1557 1558 1559 # Kiribati 1560 1561 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1562 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1563 # ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1564 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1565 1566 1567 # Kwajalein 1568 1569 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1570 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1571 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1572 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1573 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1574 1575 1576 # N Mariana Is, Guam 1577 1578 # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1579 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1580 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1581 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1582 # see Asia/Manila. 1583 1584 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1585 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1586 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1587 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1588 1589 1590 # Micronesia 1591 1592 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1593 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1594 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1595 # 1596 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1597 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1598 1599 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1600 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1601 # <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1602 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1603 # </a> (1999-01-26) 1604 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1605 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1606 1607 1608 # Midway 1609 1610 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1611 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1612 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1613 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1614 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1615 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1616 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1617 # air at 6am your time. 1618 # 1619 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1620 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1621 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1622 # in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1623 1624 1625 # Pitcairn 1626 1627 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1628 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1629 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1630 # 1631 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1632 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1633 # as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1634 # 1635 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1636 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1637 # somehow in light of this proclamation. 1638 1639 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1640 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1641 # ... at midnight. 1642 1643 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1644 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1645 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1646 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1647 1648 1649 # Samoa 1650 1651 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1652 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1653 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1654 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1655 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1656 1657 1658 # Tonga 1659 1660 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1661 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1662 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1663 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1664 1665 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1666 # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1667 # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1668 # </a>: 1669 1670 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1671 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1672 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1673 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1674 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1675 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1676 # 1677 # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1678 # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1679 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1680 # 1681 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1682 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1683 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1684 # minutes we have lost?" 1685 # 1686 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1687 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1688 # to say your prayers in the morning." 1689 1690 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1691 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1692 1693 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1694 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1695 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1696 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1697 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1698 # Government. 1699 1700 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1701 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1702 # 1703 # I was given this link by John Letts: 1704 # <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1705 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1706 # </a> 1707 # 1708 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1709 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1710 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1711 # (12 + 1 hour DST). 1712 1713 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1714 # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1715 # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1716 # </a>: 1717 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1718 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1719 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1720 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1721 # set back an hour on the closing date." 1722 # Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1723 1724 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1725 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1726 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1727 1728 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1729 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1730 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1731 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1732 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1733 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1734 # (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1735 1736 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1737 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1738 1739 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1740 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1741 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1742 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1743 # hour to 1:00am. 1744 1745 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1746 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1747 1748 1749 # Wake 1750 1751 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1752 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1753 # 1754 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1755 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1756 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1757 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1758 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1759 # impossible. 1760 # 1761 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1762 1763 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1764 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1765 1766 ############################################################################### 1767 1768 # The International Date Line 1769 1770 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1771 # 1772 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1773 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1774 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1775 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1776 # 1777 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1778 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1779 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1780 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1781 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1782 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1783 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1784 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1785 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1786 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1787 # correct date is ambiguous. 1788 1789 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1790 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1791 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1792 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1793 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1794 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1795 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1796 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1797 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1798 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1799 # entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1800 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1801 # independent merchant ships until World War II. 1802 1803 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1804 # (2005-03-20): 1805 # 1806 # The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1807 # <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1808 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1809 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.