4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
9 #
10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
14 # accompanied this code).
15 #
16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
19 #
20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
22 # questions.
23 #
24 # <pre>
25 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
26 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
27
28 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
29 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
30 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
31
32 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
33 #
34 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
37 #
38 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
39 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
40 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
41 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
42 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
43 #
44 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
45 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
46 #
47 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
48 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
49 # I found in the UCLA library.
50 #
51 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
52 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
53 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
54 #
55 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
56 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
57 #
58 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
59 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
60 # Corrections are welcome!
61 # std dst
62 # LMT Local Mean Time
63 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
64 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
65 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
66 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran
67 # 4:00 GST Gulf*
68 # 5:30 IST India
69 # 7:00 ICT Indochina*
70 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
71 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
72 # 8:00 CST China
73 # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
74 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
75 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
76 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea
77 # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
78 #
79 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
80
81 # From Guy Harris:
82 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
83 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
84 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
85 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
86
87 ###############################################################################
88
89 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
90 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
91 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
92 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
93 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
94 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
95 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
96 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
97 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
98 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
99 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
100 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
101 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
102 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
103 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
104 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
105 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
106
107 # Afghanistan
108 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
109 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
147
148 # Azerbaijan
149 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
150 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
151 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
152 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
153 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
154 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
155 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
156 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
157 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
158 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
159 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
160 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
161 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
162 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
163 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
164
165 # Bahrain
166 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
167 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
168 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
169 3:00 - AST
170
171 # Bangladesh
172 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
173 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
174 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
175 #
176 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
177 # <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288">
178 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
179 # </a>
180 # or
181 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html">
182 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
183 # </a>
184 #
185 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
186 # June
187 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
188 # crippling power crisis. "
189 #
190 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
191 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
192
193 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
194 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
195 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
196 #
197 # Some sources:
198 # <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601">
199 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
200 # </a>
201 # <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2">
202 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
203 # </a>
204 #
205 # Our wrap-up:
206 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html">
207 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
208 # </a>
209
210 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
211 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
212 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
213 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
214 #
215 # No DST end date has been announced yet.
216
217 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
218 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
219 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
220 #
221 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
222 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
223 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021">
224 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
225 # </a>
226 # or
227 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html">
228 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
229 # </a>
230
231 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
232 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
233 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
234 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
235 # "continue for an indefinite period."
236 #
237 # One of many places where it is published:
238 # <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html">
239 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
240 # </a>
241
242 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
243 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
244 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
245 #
246 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
247 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228">
248 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
249 # </a>
250 # and
251 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html">
252 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
253 # </a>
254 #
255 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
256 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
257 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
258 # Minister's Office last night..."
259
260 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
261 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
262 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
263 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817">
264 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
265 # </a>
266 # or
267 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html">
268 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
269 # </a>
270
271 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
272 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
273 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 -
274
275 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
276 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
277 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
278 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
279 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
280 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
281 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
282 6:00 - BDT 2009
283 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT
284
285 # Bhutan
286 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
287 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
288 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
289 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
315 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
316 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
317 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
318
319 # Cambodia
320 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
321 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
322 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
323 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
324 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
325 7:00 - ICT
326
327 # China
328
329 # From Guy Harris:
330 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
331
332 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
333 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
334 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
335 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
336 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
337 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
338 #
339 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
340 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
341 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
342 #
343 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
344 # 1987 mid-April - ??
345
346 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
347 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
348 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
349
350 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
351 # Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
352 # has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
353 # from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
354 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
355 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
356 # pre-1980 time zones.
357
358 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
359 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
360 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
361 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
362 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
363 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
364 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
365 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
366
367 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
368 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
369 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
370 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
371 #
372 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
373 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
374 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
375 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
376 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
377 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
378 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
379 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
380 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
381 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
382
383 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
384 # I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
385 # about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
386 # talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
387 # Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
388 # time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
389 # article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
390 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
391 #
392 # From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
393 # I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
394 # separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
395 # implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
396 # Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
397 # "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
398 # ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
399 #
400 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
401 # There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
402 # rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
403 # reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
404 # Shanks & Pottenger.
405
406 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
407 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
408 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
409 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
410 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
411 8:00 - CST 1940
412 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
413 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
414 8:00 PRC C%sT
415 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
416 # most of China
417 # Milne gives 8:05:56.7; round to nearest.
418 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:57 - LMT 1928
419 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
420 8:00 PRC C%sT
421 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
422 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
423 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
424 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
425 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
426 Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
427 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
428 8:00 PRC C%sT
429 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
430 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
431 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
432 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
433 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
434 # east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
435 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
436 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
437 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
438 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
439 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
440 8:00 PRC C%sT
441 # Kunlun Time
442 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
443 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
444 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
445 # and Yarkand.
446
447 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
448 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
449 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
450 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
451 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
452 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
453 #
454 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
455 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
456 # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
457 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
458 # local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in
459 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
460 # "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
461 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
462 #
463 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
464 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
465 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
466 #
467 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
468 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
469 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
470 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
471 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
472 #
473 # ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time.
474 #
475 # The first few lines of the Google translation of
476 # <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39">
477 # http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39
478 # </a>
479 # (retrieved 2009-10-13)
480 # > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least
481 # > 500 million yuan
482 # >
483 # > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20),
484 # > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River
485 # > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men
486 # > have worked continuously for 22 hours...
487
488 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
489 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
490 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
491 #
492 # 1. Wulumuqi...
493 # 2. Kashi...
494 # 3. Urumqi...
495 # 4. Kashgar...
496 # ...
497 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
498 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
499 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
500 #
501 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
502 # start date for Xinjiang time.
503 #
504 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
505 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
506 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
507 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
508
509 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
510 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
511 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
512 8:00 PRC C%sT
513
514
515 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
516
517 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
518
519 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
520 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
521 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
522 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
523 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
524 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
525 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
526 # obtained from
527 # <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
528 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
529 # </a>.
530
531 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
532 # Here are the dates given at
533 # <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
534 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
535 # </a>
536 # as of 2009-10-28:
537 # Year Period
538 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
539 # 1942 Whole year
540 # 1943 Whole year
541 # 1944 Whole year
542 # 1945 Whole year
543 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
544 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
545 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
546 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
547 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
548 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
549 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct
550 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
551 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
552 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
553 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
554 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
555 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
595 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
596 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
597 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
598 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
599 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
600 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
601 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
602 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
603 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
604 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
605 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
606 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
607 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
608 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
609 8:00 HK HK%sT
610
611 ###############################################################################
612
613 # Taiwan
614
615 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
616 # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
617 # have any other information.
618
619 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
620 # According to Taiwan's CWB,
621 # <a href="http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm">
622 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
623 # </a>
624 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
625
626 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07):
627 # Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page:
628 # Decade Name Start and end date
629 # Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time May 1 to September 30
630 # 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952) Daylight Saving Time March 1 to October 31
631 # Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to October 31
632 # In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
633 # Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959) Summer Time April 1 to September 30
634 # Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961) Summer Time June 1 to September 30
635 # Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time
636 # Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
637 # Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD) Stop Daylight Saving Time
638 # Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979) Daylight Saving Time July 1 to September 30
639 # Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980) Stop Daylight Saving Time
640
641 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
642 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
643 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
644 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
645 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
646 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
647 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
648 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
649 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
650 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
651 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
652 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
653
654 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
655 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
656 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
657
658 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
659 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
660 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
661 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
662 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
663 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
664 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
665 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
666 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
667 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
668 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
669 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
670 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
671 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
672 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
673 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
674 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
675 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
704 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
705
706 # Georgia
707 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
708 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
709 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
710 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
711 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
712 #
713 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
714 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
715 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
716 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
717 #
718 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
719 #
720 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
721 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
722 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
723 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
724 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
725 # of integration into Europe.
726
727 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
728 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
729 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
730 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
731 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
732 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
733 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
734 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
735 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
736
737
738 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
739 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
740 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
741 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
742 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
743 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
744 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
745 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
746 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
747 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
748 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
749 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
750 4:00 - GET
751
752 # East Timor
753
754 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
755
756 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
757 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
758 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
759 # </a> (1999-12-26/31):
760 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
761 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
762 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
763 # conflicts with their way of life.
764
765 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
766 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
767 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
768
769 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
770 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
771 # (2000-08-16)</a>:
772 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
773 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
774 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
775 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
776
777 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
778 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
779 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
780 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
781 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
782 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 00:00
783 9:00 - TLT
784
785 # India
786 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
787 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
788 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
789 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
790 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
791 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
793 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
794 # Andaman Is
795 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
796 # Nicobar Is
797
798 # Indonesia
799 #
800 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
801 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
802 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
803 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
804 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
805 #
806 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
807 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
808 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
809 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
810 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
811 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
812 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
813 # Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
814 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
815 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
816 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
817 # switched on 1945-09-23.
818 #
819 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
820 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
821 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
822 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
823 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
824 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
825 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
826 # The abbreviations are:
827 #
828 # WIB - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
829 # WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
830 # WIT - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
831 #
832 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
833 # Java, Sumatra
844 7:00 - WIB
845 # west and central Borneo
846 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
847 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
848 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29
849 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
850 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
851 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
852 7:30 - WIB 1964
853 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1
854 7:00 - WIB
855 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
856 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
857 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
858 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9
859 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
860 8:00 - WITA
861 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
862 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
863 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1
864 9:30 - CST 1964
865 9:00 - WIT
866
867 # Iran
868
869 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
870 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
871 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
872 #
873 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
874 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
875 #
876 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
877 #
878 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
879 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
880 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
881 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
882 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
883 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
884 #
910 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
911 #
912 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
913 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
914 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
915 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
916 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
917 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
918 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
919 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
920 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
921 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
922 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
923 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
924 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
925 #
926 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
927 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
928 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
929 #
930 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
931 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
932 # daylight saving time ...
933 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
934 #
935 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
936 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
937 # Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
938 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
939 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
940 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
941 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
942 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
943 #
944 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
945 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
946 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
947 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
948 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
949 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
950 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1001
1002 # Iraq
1003 #
1004 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
1005 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
1006 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
1007 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
1008 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
1009 #
1010 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
1011 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
1012 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
1013 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
1014 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
1015 #
1016 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
1017
1018 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
1019 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
1020 # news sources (in Arabic):
1021 # <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
1022 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
1023 # </a>
1024 # <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
1025 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
1026 # </a>
1027 #
1028 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
1029 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
1030 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
1031 # </a>
1032
1033 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1034 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1035 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1036 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1037 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1038 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
1039 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
1040 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
1041 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
1042 #
1043 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
1044 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
1045 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1046 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
1047 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
1048 3:00 - AST 1982 May
1049 3:00 Iraq A%sT
1050
1051
1052 ###############################################################################
1053
1054 # Israel
1055
1056 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
1057 #
1058 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
1059 # different abbreviations in use:
1060 #
1264 # (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013.
1265 #
1266 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday
1267 # in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October.
1268
1269 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1270 Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
1271 Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1272
1273 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1274 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880
1275 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1276 2:00 Zion I%sT
1277
1278
1279
1280 ###############################################################################
1281
1282 # Japan
1283
1284 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
1285
1286 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1287 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1288 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
1289 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
1290
1291 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
1292 # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
1293 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1294 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1295 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1296 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1297 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1298 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1299 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1300 # wanted to keep it.)
1301
1302 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1303 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1304 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1305 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1306 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
1307 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1308 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1309 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1310 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
1311 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1312 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1313
1314 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1315 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1316 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
1317 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1318 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1319 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1320 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1321
1322 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1323 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1324 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
1325 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1326 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1327 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
1328 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1329 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1330 # standard....
1331 #
1332 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1333 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1334
1335 # Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
1336 # places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
1337 # ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
1338
1339 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1340 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1341 9:00 - JST 1896
1342 9:00 - CJT 1938
1343 9:00 Japan J%sT
1344 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1345
1346 # Jordan
1347 #
1348 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
1349 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1350 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1351 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1352 # all year round.
1353 #
1354 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
1355 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1356 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1357 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1358 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1359 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1360 #
1361 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1362 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1363 #
1364 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1365 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1366 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1367 #
1368 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1369 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1370 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1371 #
1372
1373 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1374 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1375 # <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279">
1376 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1377 # </a>
1378 #
1379 # Google's translation:
1380 #
1381 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1382 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1383 # > of the month of March of each year.
1384 #
1385 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1386
1387 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1388 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1389
1390 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
1391 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
1392 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
1393 # until about the same time next year (at least).
1394 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
1395
1396 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
1397 # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
1448
1449 # Kazakhstan
1450
1451 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1452 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1453 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1454 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1455 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1456 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1457
1458 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1459 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1460 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1461 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1462 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1463 #
1464 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1465 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1466 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1467
1468 # <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1469 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1470 # </a>
1471 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1472 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1473 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1474 #
1475 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1476 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1477 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1478 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1479 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1480 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1481 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1482 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1483 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1484
1485 #
1486 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1487 #
1488 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1489 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1490 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1564 6:00 - KGT
1565
1566 ###############################################################################
1567
1568 # Korea (North and South)
1569
1570 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1571 # <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1572 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1573 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1574 # the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1575 # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1576
1577 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1578 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1579 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1580 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1581 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1582 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1583
1584 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1585 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1586 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1587 9:00 - KST 1928
1588 8:30 - KST 1932
1589 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1590 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1591 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
1592 9:00 ROK K%sT
1593 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1594 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1595 9:00 - KST 1928
1596 8:30 - KST 1932
1597 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1598 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1599 9:00 - KST
1600
1601 ###############################################################################
1602
1603 # Kuwait
1604 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1605 # From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
1606 # The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
1607 # by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
1608 # Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
1609 # <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
1610 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1611 # We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
1612 # so for now we assume no DST.
1613 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1614 3:00 - AST
1615
1616 # Laos
1617 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1618 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1619 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1620 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1621 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1622 7:00 - ICT
1623
1624 # Lebanon
1625 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1626 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1627 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1628 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1629 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1630 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1631 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1632 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1673 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1674 # The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1675 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1676 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1677 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1678 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1679 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1680 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1681 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1682 8:00 - MYT
1683
1684 # Maldives
1685 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1686 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1687 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1688 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1689
1690 # Mongolia
1691
1692 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1693 # usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1694 # both say that it has just one.
1695
1696 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1697 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1698 # General Information Mongolia
1699 # </a> (1999-09)
1700 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1701 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1702 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1703 # eight hours."
1704
1705 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1706 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1707 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1708 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1709 # of implementation may have been different....
1710 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1711 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1712 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1713
1714 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1715 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1716 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1717 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1718 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1719 # is good enough for our purposes.
1720
1721 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1722 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1723 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1724 # there are three time zones.
1725 #
1726 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1727 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1728 # Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1729 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1730 #
1731 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1732
1733 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1734 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1735 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1736 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1737 #
1738 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1739 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1740 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1741
1742 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1743 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1744 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1745 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1746 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1747 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1748 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1749 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1750 # He also found
1751 # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1752 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1753 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1754 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1755 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1756 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1757 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1758 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1759
1760 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1761 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1762 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1763 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1764
1765 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1766 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1767 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1768 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1769 # database on this, e.g.:
1770 #
1771 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
1772 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1773 # </a>
1774 # <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
1775 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1776 # </a>
1777 #
1778 # both say GMT+08:00.
1779
1780 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1781 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1782 # schedule here:
1783 # <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112">
1784 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1785 # </a>
1786 # (click the English flag for English)
1787 #
1788 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
1789 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1790 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1791 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
1792 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1793 # Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1794
1795 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1796 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1797 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1798 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1799 # this is almost surely wrong.
1800
1801 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1802 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1803 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1804 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1805 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1806 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1807 #
1808 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1809 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1810 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1811 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1812 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1813 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1814
1815 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1816 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1817 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1818 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1819 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1820 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1821
1822 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1823 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1824 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1825 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1826 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1827 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1828 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1829 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1843 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1844
1845 # Oman
1846
1847 # Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory.
1848
1849 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1850 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920
1851 4:00 - GST
1852
1853 # Pakistan
1854
1855 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1856 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1857 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1858 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1859 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1860 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1861
1862 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1863 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1864 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1865 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1866 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1867 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1868 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1869 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1870 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1871 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1872 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1873
1874 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1875 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1876 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1877
1878 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1879 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1880 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1881 #
1882 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1883 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1884 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1885 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1886 #
1887 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1888 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1889
1890 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1891 #
1892 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1893 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1894 #
1895 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
1896 # reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
1897 # moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
1898 # ...."
1899 #
1900 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
1901 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1902 # </a>
1903 # OR
1904 # <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
1905 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
1906 # </a>
1907
1908 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1909 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
1910
1911 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
1912 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
1913 # for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
1914 # instead of August 31.
1915 #
1916 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html">
1917 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
1918 # </a>
1919 # OR
1920 # <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html">
1921 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
1922 # </a>
1923
1924 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
1925 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
1926 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
1927 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
1928 # official working."
1929 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280">
1930 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
1931 # </a>
1932 #
1933 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
1934 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
1935 #
1936 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
1937 # April 08, 2009
1938 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
1939 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1">
1940 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
1941 # </a>
1942 #
1943 # or
1944 #
1945 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html">
1946 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
1947 # </a>
1948 #
1949 # ....
1950 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
1951 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
1952 # conserve energy"
1953
1954 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
1955 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
1956 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
1957 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
1958 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
1959 # this regard."
1960 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168">
1961 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
1962 # </a>
1963
1964 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
1965 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1966 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1967 # 1, 2009.
1968 #
1969 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
1970 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2">
1971 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
1972 # </a>
1973 # or
1974 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm">
1975 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
1976 # </a>
1977
1978 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
1979 # Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
1980 # > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1981 # > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1982 # > 1, 2009.
1983 #
1984 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
1985 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742">
1986 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
1987 # </a>
1988 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
1989 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
1990 # Monday."
1991 #
1992 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
1993 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
1994 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
1995 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
1996 #
1997 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
1998 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
1999 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html">
2000 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
2001 # </a>
2002
2003 # From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
2004 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
2005 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
2006
2007 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
2008 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2009 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
2010 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
2011 # >
2012 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
2013 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
2014 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
2015 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
2016 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
2017 #
2018 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
2019 # <a href="http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041">
2020 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
2021 # </a>
2022 #
2023 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
2024 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2">
2025 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
2026 # </a>
2027
2028 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2029 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
2030 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
2031 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2032 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2033 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
2034 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2035
2036 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2037 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
2038 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
2039 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
2040 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
2041 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
2042 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
2043
2044 # Palestine
2045
2046 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
2088 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2089 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
2090 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
2091 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
2092 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
2093 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
2094 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
2095 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
2096 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
2097 # to Palestine's rules.
2098
2099 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
2100 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
2101 #
2102 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
2103 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
2104 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
2105 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
2106
2107 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2108 # Daoud Kuttab writes in
2109 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
2110 # Holiday havoc
2111 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
2112 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
2113 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
2114 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
2115 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
2116
2117 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
2118 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
2119
2120 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
2121 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
2122 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
2123 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
2124 # earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
2125
2126 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2127 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
2128 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
2129 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
2130 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
2131 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
2132 # the West Bank.
2133
2134 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
2135 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
2136 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
2137 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
2138 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
2139 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
2140 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
2141 # because of the Ramadan.
2142
2143 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
2144 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
2145 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
2146
2147 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
2148 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
2149 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
2150 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
2151 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
2152 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
2153
2154 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2155 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
2156 #
2157 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
2158 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
2159 #
2160 # <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001">
2161 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
2162 # </a>
2163 # <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087">
2164 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
2165 # </a>
2166 # or
2167 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html">
2168 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
2169 # </a>
2170
2171 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
2172 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
2173 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
2174 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
2175 #
2176 # (in Arabic)
2177 # <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850">
2178 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2179 # </a>
2180 #
2181 # or
2182 # (English translation)
2183 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html">
2184 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2185 # </a>
2186
2187 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2188 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2189 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2190 #
2191 # One news source:
2192 # <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158">
2193 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2194 # </a>
2195 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2196 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2197 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2198 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2199 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2200 #
2201 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2202 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
2203 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html">
2204 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2205 # </a>
2206
2207 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2208 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
2209 #
2210 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
2211 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
2212 #
2213 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
2214 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
2215 # <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2216 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2217 # </a>
2218 # or
2219 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html>
2220 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
2221 # </a>
2222
2223 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
2224 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
2225 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
2226 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
2227 #
2228 # <a href="http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697">
2229 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
2230 # </a>
2231 # (in Arabic)
2232 # or
2233 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html">
2234 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
2235 # </a>
2236
2237 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
2238 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
2239 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
2240 # noon though:
2241 #
2242 # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178">
2243 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
2244 # </a>
2245 # (Ma'an News Agency)
2246 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
2247 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
2248
2249 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
2250 # According to several sources, including
2251 # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795">
2252 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
2253 # </a>
2254 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
2255 # Gaza and the West Bank.
2256 # Some more background info:
2257 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html">
2258 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
2259 # </a>
2260
2261 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
2262 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
2263 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
2264 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
2265 # Ramadan.
2266 #
2267 # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217">
2268 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
2269 # </a>
2270 # Additional info:
2271 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html">
2272 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
2273 # </a>
2274
2275 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
2276 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
2277 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
2278 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
2279 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
2280 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
2281 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
2282 # ...
2283 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650">
2284 # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
2285 # </a>
2286 # or
2287 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html">
2288 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
2289 # </a>
2290 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
2291
2292 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
2293 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
2294 # 00:00).
2295 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
2296 #
2297 # Many sources, including:
2298 # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808">
2299 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
2300 # </a>
2301
2302 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2303 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
2304 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
2305 # Some of many sources in Arabic:
2306 # <a href="http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638">
2307 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
2308 # </a>
2309 #
2310 # <a href="http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html">
2311 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
2312 # </a>
2313 #
2314 # Our brief summary:
2315 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html">
2316 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
2317 # </a>
2318
2319 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
2320 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
2321 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
2322 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
2323 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
2324 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
2325
2326 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
2327 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
2328 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
2329 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
2330 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
2331 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
2332 # official source...:
2333 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
2334
2335 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-24):
2336 # For future dates, guess the last Thursday in March at 24:00 through
2337 # the first Friday on or after September 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with
2376 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2377 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
2378 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
2379 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
2380 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
2381 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
2382 2:00 - EET 2012
2383 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2384
2385 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2386 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2387 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2388 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2389 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2390 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2391
2392 # Paracel Is
2393 # no information
2394
2395 # Philippines
2396 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
2397 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2398 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
2399 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
2400 # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2401
2402 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2403 # Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
2404 # Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
2405 # rainy season begins. See
2406 # <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
2407 # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
2408 #
2409 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2410 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2411 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2412 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2413 # but no details]
2414
2415 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2416 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2417 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2418 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2419 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2420 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2421 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2422 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2423 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2424 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2425 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
2426 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
2427 8:00 Phil PH%sT
2428
2429 # Qatar
2430 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2431 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2432 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
2433 3:00 - AST
2434
2435 # Saudi Arabia
2436 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2437 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
2438 3:00 - AST
2439
2440 # Singapore
2441 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2442 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
2443 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2444 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2445 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2446 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2447 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2448 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2449 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2450 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2451 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2452 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
2453 8:00 - SGT
2454
2455 # Spratly Is
2456 # no information
2457
2458 # Sri Lanka
2459
2460 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2461 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
2462 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
2463 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
2464 # Shanks and Pottenger.
2465
2466 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2467 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2468 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
2469 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2470 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2471 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
2472 #
2473 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2474 # by Shamindra in
2475 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
2476 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
2477 # </a>:
2478 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2479 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2480
2481 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2482 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2483 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2484 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
2485
2486 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2487 # <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
2488 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2489 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2490 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2491 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2492 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2493 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2494
2495 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
2496 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
2497 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
2498 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
2499 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
2500 #
2501 # I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
2502 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
2503 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
2504 #
2505 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
2506 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
2507 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
2508 # item....
2509 #
2510 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
2511 # adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
2512 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
2513 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
2514 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
2515 #
2516 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
2517 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
2518 # all computers.
2519
2520 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2521 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
2522 # and then see what people actually say in practice.
2523
2524 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2525 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2526 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2527 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
2528 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
2529 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2530 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
2531 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2563 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2564 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
2565 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
2566 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
2567 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
2568 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
2569 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
2570 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
2571 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2572 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2573 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
2574 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2575 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
2576 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
2577 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
2578 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2579 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
2580 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
2581 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
2582 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2583 # From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
2584 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
2585 # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
2586 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
2587 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
2588 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
2589 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
2590 #
2591 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
2592 # Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
2593 #
2594 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
2595 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
2596 #
2597 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
2598 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
2599 #
2600 # which using Google's translate tools says:
2601 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
2602 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
2603 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
2604 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2605
2606 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
2607 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
2608 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
2609 # are now using:
2610 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
2611 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
2612 # Variation
2613 # Syrian Arab
2614 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
2615 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
2616 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
2617
2618 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
2619 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
2620 # Agency (SANA)...
2621 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm">
2622 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
2623 # </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
2624 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
2625 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
2626 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
2627 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
2628
2629 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2630 # My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
2631 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
2632 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
2633 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
2634
2635 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
2636 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
2637 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2638 #
2639 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2640 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2641 # clocks back 60 minutes).
2642 #
2643 # <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm">
2644 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2645 # </a>
2646
2647 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2648 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2649 # two examples:
2650 #
2651 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm">
2652 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2653 # </a>
2654 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2655 # <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209">
2656 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2657 # </a>
2658 # (Arabic, gov-site)
2659 #
2660 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2661 #
2662 # Our summary
2663 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html">
2664 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2665 # </a>
2666
2667 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
2668 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
2669 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
2670 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
2671 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm">
2672 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
2673 # </a>
2674
2675 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
2676 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
2677 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
2678 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
2679
2680 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
2681 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
2682 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
2683 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
2684 # <a href="http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421">
2685 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
2686 # </a>
2687
2688 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2689 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
2690 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
2691 #
2692 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
2693 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm">
2694 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
2695 # </a>
2696 #
2697 # Our brief summary:
2698 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html">
2699 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
2700 # </a>
2701
2702 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
2703 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
2704
2705 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2706 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2707 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2708 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2709 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2710 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2711
2712 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2713 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2714 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2715
2716 # Tajikistan
2717 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2718 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2719 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2720 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
2736 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2737 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
2738 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2739 5:00 - TMT
2740
2741 # United Arab Emirates
2742 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2743 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2744 4:00 - GST
2745
2746 # Uzbekistan
2747 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2748 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2749 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
2750 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
2751 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
2752 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
2753 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2754 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2755 5:00 - UZT
2756 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2757 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
2758 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2759 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2760 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2761 5:00 - UZT
2762
2763 # Vietnam
2764
2765 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2766 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
2767 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
2768 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
2769 # and Pottenger.
2770
2771 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2772 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
2773 # we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
2774
2775 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
2776 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2777 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
2778 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
2779 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
2780 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
2781 7:00 - ICT
2782
2783 # Yemen
2784
2785 # Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
2786 # and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.
2787
2788 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2789 Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950
2790 3:00 - AST
|
4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
9 #
10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
14 # accompanied this code).
15 #
16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
19 #
20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
22 # questions.
23 #
24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
26
27 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
30
31 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
32 #
33 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
34 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
35 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
36 #
37 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
38 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
39 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
40 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
41 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
42 #
43 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
44 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
45 #
46 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
47 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
48 # I found in the UCLA library.
49 #
50 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
51 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
52 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
53 #
54 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
55 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
56 #
57 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
58 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
59 # Corrections are welcome!
60 # std dst
61 # LMT Local Mean Time
62 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
63 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
64 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
65 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran
66 # 4:00 GST Gulf*
67 # 5:30 IST India
68 # 7:00 ICT Indochina*
69 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
70 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
71 # 8:00 CST China
72 # 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
73 # 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
74 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
75 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
76 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea
77 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
78 #
79 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
80
81 # From Guy Harris:
82 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
83 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
84 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
85 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
86
87 ###############################################################################
88
89 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
90 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
91 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
92 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
93 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
94 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
95 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
96 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
97 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
98 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
99 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
100 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
101 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
102 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
103 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
104 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
105 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
106
107 # Afghanistan
108 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
109 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
147
148 # Azerbaijan
149 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
150 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
151 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
152 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
153 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
154 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
155 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
156 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
157 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
158 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
159 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
160 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
161 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
162 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
163 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
164
165 # Bahrain
166 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
167 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Manamah
168 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
169 3:00 - AST
170
171 # Bangladesh
172 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
173 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
174 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
175 #
176 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
177 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
178 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
179 #
180 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
181 # June
182 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
183 # crippling power crisis. "
184 #
185 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
186 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
187
188 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
189 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
190 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
191 #
192 # Some sources:
193 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
194 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
195 #
196 # Our wrap-up:
197 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
198
199 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
200 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
201 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
202 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
203 #
204 # No DST end date has been announced yet.
205
206 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
207 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
208 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
209 #
210 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
211 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
212 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
213 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
214
215 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
216 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
217 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
218 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
219 # "continue for an indefinite period."
220 #
221 # One of many places where it is published:
222 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
223
224 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
225 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
226 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
227 #
228 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
229 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
230 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
231 #
232 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
233 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
234 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
235 # Minister's Office last night..."
236
237 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
238 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
239 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
240 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
241 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
242
243 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
244 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
245 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 -
246
247 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
248 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
249 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
250 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
251 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
252 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
253 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
254 6:00 - BDT 2009
255 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT
256
257 # Bhutan
258 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
259 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
260 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
261 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
287 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
288 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
289 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
290
291 # Cambodia
292 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
293 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
294 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
295 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
296 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
297 7:00 - ICT
298
299 # China
300
301 # From Guy Harris:
302 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
303
304 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
305 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
306 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
307 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
308 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
309 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
310 #
311 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
312 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
313 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
314 #
315 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
316 # 1987 mid-April - ??
317
318 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
319 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
320 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
321
322 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
323 # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
324 # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
325 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
326
327 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
328 # Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but
329 # this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer
330 # DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so
331 # go with them for DST rules as follows:
332 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
333 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
334 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
335 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
336 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
337 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
338 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
339
340 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
341 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
342 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
343 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
344 #
345 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
346 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
347 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
348 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
349 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
350 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
351 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
352 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
353 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
354 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
355
356 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
357 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
358 #
359 # (1)
360 # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
361 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
362 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
363 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
364 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
365 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
366 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
367 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
368 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
369 # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
370 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
371 # could well have ignored any such mandate.
372 #
373 # (2)
374 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
375 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
376 # [undated and unknown publication location]
377 # It says several things:
378 # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
379 # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
380 # the official calendar book of 1914.
381 # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
382 # French docks in the 1890s, controled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
383 # Obervatory and set to local mean time.
384 # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
385 # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
386 # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
387 # became used by railways as well.
388 # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
389 # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on
390 # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
391 # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice
392 # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
393 # Japanese-occupied territory.
394 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
395 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
396 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
397 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
398 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
399 #
400 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
401 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
402 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
403 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
404 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8.
405 #
406 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
407 # this was based on what was apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
408 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
409 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
410 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
411 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
412 #
413 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5
414 # Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
415 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
416 #
417 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8
418 # Asia/Shanghai
419 # most of China
420 # This currently represents most other zones as well,
421 # as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
422 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
423 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century".
424 #
425 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7
426 # Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
427 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
428 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
429 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
430 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
431 #
432 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6
433 # Asia/Urumqi
434 # This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
435 # as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
436 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
437 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
438 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
439 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
440 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
441 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
442 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
443 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
444 #
445 # Kunlun Time UT+5.5
446 # Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
447 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
448 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
449 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
450 # and Yarkand.
451
452 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
453 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
454 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
455 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
456 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
457 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
458 #
459 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
460 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
461 # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
462 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
463 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
464 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
465 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
466 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
467 #
468 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
469 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
470 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
471 #
472 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
473 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
474 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
475 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
476 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
477
478 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
479 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
480 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
481 #
482 # 1. Wulumuqi...
483 # 2. Kashi...
484 # 3. Urumqi...
485 # 4. Kashgar...
486 # ...
487 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
488 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
489 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
490 #
491 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
492 # start date for Xinjiang time.
493 #
494 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
495 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
496 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
497 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
498
499 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
500 # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
501 # http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
502
503 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
504 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
505 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
506 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
507 # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
508 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
509 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
510 # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
511 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
512 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
513 # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
514 # having the same time as Beijing.
515
516 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
517 # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but
518 # this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
519 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
520 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
521 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
522 #
523 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
524 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
525 # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
526 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
527 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dyansty,
528 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
529 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
530 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
531 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
532 # XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
533 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
534 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of UT+8 before
535 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and
536 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
537 # UT+8 mandate back then.
538
539 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
540 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
541 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
542 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
543 8:00 PRC C%sT
544 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
545 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
546 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
547 6:00 - XJT
548
549
550 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
551
552 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
553
554 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
555 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
556 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
557 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
558 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
559 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
560 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
561 # obtained from
562 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
563
564 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
565 # Here are the dates given at
566 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
567 # as of 2009-10-28:
568 # Year Period
569 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
570 # 1942 Whole year
571 # 1943 Whole year
572 # 1944 Whole year
573 # 1945 Whole year
574 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
575 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
576 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
577 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
578 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
579 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
580 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct
581 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
582 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
583 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
584 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
585 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
586 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
626 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
627 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
628 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
629 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
630 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
631 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
632 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
633 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
634 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
635 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
636 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
637 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
638 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
639 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
640 8:00 HK HK%sT
641
642 ###############################################################################
643
644 # Taiwan
645
646 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
647 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
648 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
649 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
650
651 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
652 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
653 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
654 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
655 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
656 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
657 # found on Wikisource:
658 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
659 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
660 # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
661 # declared officially.
662 #
663 # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
664 # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
665 # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
666 # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
667 # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
668 # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
669 # (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
670 # be found on Wikisource:
671 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
672 #
673 # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
674
675 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
676 # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9
677 # back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document
678 # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
679 # zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another
680 # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
681 # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two
682 # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And
683 # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
684 # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
685 # that:
686 #
687 # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
688 # the time at 135E (GMT+9)
689 #
690 # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
691 # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
692 # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
693 # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
694 #
695 # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
696 # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
697 # Time.
698 #
699 # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
700 # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
701 # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
702 # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
703 # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
704 # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
705
706 # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
707 # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
708 # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General
709 # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
710 # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
711 # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
712 # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more
713 # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
714 # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
715 # would be a good one.
716 # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
717 # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
718
719 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
720 # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
721 # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
722 #
723 # Original Bulletin:
724 # <http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF>
725 # <http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0> (cont.)
726 #
727 # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
728 # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
729 #
730 # <http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431>
731 #
732 # Here is a brief translation:
733 #
734 # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
735 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
736 # adption till Oct 31 midnight.
737 #
738 # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
739 # be found from historical government announcement database.
740
741 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
742 # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01
743 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
744 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
745
746 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
747 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
748 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
749 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
750 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
751 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
752 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
753 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
754 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
755 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
756 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
757 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
758 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
759 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
760 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
761 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
762
763 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
764 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
765 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
766 8:00 - JWST 1937 Oct 1
767 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 01:00
768 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
769
770 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
771 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
772 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
773 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
774 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
775 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
776 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
777 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
778 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
779 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
780 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
781 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
782 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
783 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
784 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
785 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
786 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
787 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
816 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
817
818 # Georgia
819 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
820 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
821 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
822 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
823 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
824 #
825 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
826 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
827 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
828 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
829 #
830 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
831 #
832 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
833 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
834 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
835 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
836 # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
837 # of integration into Europe.
838
839 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
840 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
841 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
842 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
843 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
844 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
845 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
846 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
847 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
848
849 # Milne says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7; round to nearest.)
850
851 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
852 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:06 - LMT 1880
853 2:59:06 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
854 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
855 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
856 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
857 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
858 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
859 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
860 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
861 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
862 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
863 4:00 - GET
864
865 # East Timor
866
867 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
868
869 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
870 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
871 # <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
872 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
873 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
874 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
875 # conflicts with their way of life.
876
877 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
878 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
879 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
880
881 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
882 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
883 # (2000-08-16):
884 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
885 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
886 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
887 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
888
889 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
890 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
891 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
892 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
893 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
894 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 00:00
895 9:00 - TLT
896
897 # India
898 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
899 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
900 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
901 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
902 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
903 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
905 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
906 # Andaman Is
907 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
908 # Nicobar Is
909
910 # Indonesia
911 #
912 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
913 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
914 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
915 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
916 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
917 #
918 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
919 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
920 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
921 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
922 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
923 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
924 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
925 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
926 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
927 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
928 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
929 # switched on 1945-09-23.
930 #
931 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
932 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
933 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
934 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
935 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
936 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
937 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
938 # The abbreviations are:
939 #
940 # WIB - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
941 # WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
942 # WIT - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
943 #
944 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
945 # Java, Sumatra
956 7:00 - WIB
957 # west and central Borneo
958 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
959 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
960 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29
961 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
962 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
963 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
964 7:30 - WIB 1964
965 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1
966 7:00 - WIB
967 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
968 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
969 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
970 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9
971 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
972 8:00 - WITA
973 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
974 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
975 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1
976 9:30 - ACST 1964
977 9:00 - WIT
978
979 # Iran
980
981 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
982 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
983 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
984 #
985 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
986 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
987 #
988 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
989 #
990 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
991 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
992 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
993 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
994 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
995 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
996 #
1022 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
1023 #
1024 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
1025 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
1026 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
1027 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
1028 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
1029 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
1030 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
1031 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
1032 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
1033 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
1034 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
1035 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
1036 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
1037 #
1038 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
1039 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
1040 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
1041 #
1042 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
1043 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
1044 # daylight saving time ...
1045 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
1046 #
1047 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
1048 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
1049 # Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
1050 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
1051 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
1052 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
1053 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
1054 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
1055 #
1056 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1057 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1058 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
1059 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
1060 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
1061 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
1062 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1113
1114 # Iraq
1115 #
1116 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
1117 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
1118 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
1119 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
1120 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
1121 #
1122 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
1123 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
1124 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
1125 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
1126 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
1127 #
1128 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
1129
1130 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
1131 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
1132 # news sources (in Arabic):
1133 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
1134 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
1135 #
1136 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
1137 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
1138
1139 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1140 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1141 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1142 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1143 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1144 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
1145 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
1146 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
1147 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
1148 #
1149 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
1150 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
1151 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1152 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
1153 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
1154 3:00 - AST 1982 May
1155 3:00 Iraq A%sT
1156
1157
1158 ###############################################################################
1159
1160 # Israel
1161
1162 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
1163 #
1164 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
1165 # different abbreviations in use:
1166 #
1370 # (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013.
1371 #
1372 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday
1373 # in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October.
1374
1375 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1376 Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
1377 Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1378
1379 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1380 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880
1381 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1382 2:00 Zion I%sT
1383
1384
1385
1386 ###############################################################################
1387
1388 # Japan
1389
1390 # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
1391
1392 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1393 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1394 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
1395 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
1396
1397 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
1398 # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
1399 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1400 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1401 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1402 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1403 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1404 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1405 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1406 # wanted to keep it.)
1407
1408 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1409 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1410 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1411 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1412 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
1413 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1414 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1415 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1416 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
1417 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1418 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1419
1420 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1421 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1422 # Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N.
1423 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1424 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1425 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1426 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1427
1428 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1429 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1430 # which stands for the time on 135 degrees E.
1431 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1432 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1433 # time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard
1434 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1435 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1436 # standard....
1437 #
1438 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1439 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1440
1441 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
1442 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
1443 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
1444 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
1445 #
1446 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
1447 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
1448 # Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
1449 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
1450
1451 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1452 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1453 9:00 - JST 1896 Jan 1
1454 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1455 9:00 Japan J%sT
1456 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1457
1458 # Jordan
1459 #
1460 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
1461 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1462 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1463 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1464 # all year round.
1465 #
1466 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
1467 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1468 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1469 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1470 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1471 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1472 #
1473 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1474 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1475 #
1476 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1477 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1478 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1479 #
1480 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1481 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1482 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1483 #
1484
1485 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1486 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1487 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1488 #
1489 # Google's translation:
1490 #
1491 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1492 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1493 # > of the month of March of each year.
1494 #
1495 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1496
1497 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1498 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1499
1500 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
1501 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
1502 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
1503 # until about the same time next year (at least).
1504 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
1505
1506 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
1507 # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
1558
1559 # Kazakhstan
1560
1561 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1562 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1563 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1564 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1565 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1566 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1567
1568 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1569 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1570 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1571 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1572 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1573 #
1574 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1575 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1576 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1577
1578 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11
1579 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
1580 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1581 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1582 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1583 #
1584 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1585 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1586 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1587 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1588 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1589 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1590 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1591 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1592 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1593
1594 #
1595 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1596 #
1597 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1598 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1599 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1673 6:00 - KGT
1674
1675 ###############################################################################
1676
1677 # Korea (North and South)
1678
1679 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1680 # <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1681 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1682 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1683 # the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1684 # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1685
1686 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1687 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1688 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1689 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1690 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1691 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1692
1693 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-01):
1694 # The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger, except that I
1695 # guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
1696 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
1697 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
1698
1699 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1700 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1701 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1702 9:00 - JCST 1928
1703 8:30 - KST 1932
1704 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1705 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
1706 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1707 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1708 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
1709 9:00 ROK K%sT
1710 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1711 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1712 9:00 - JCST 1928
1713 8:30 - KST 1932
1714 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1715 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
1716 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1717 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1718 9:00 - KST
1719
1720 ###############################################################################
1721
1722 # Kuwait
1723 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1724 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1725 3:00 - AST
1726
1727 # Laos
1728 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1729 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1730 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1731 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1732 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1733 7:00 - ICT
1734
1735 # Lebanon
1736 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1737 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1738 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1739 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1740 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1741 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1742 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1743 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1784 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1785 # The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1786 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1787 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1788 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1789 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1790 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1791 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1792 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1793 8:00 - MYT
1794
1795 # Maldives
1796 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1797 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1798 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1799 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1800
1801 # Mongolia
1802
1803 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1804 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
1805 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
1806
1807 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1808 # General Information Mongolia
1809 # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09)
1810 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1811 # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1812 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1813 # eight hours."
1814
1815 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1816 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1817 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1818 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1819 # of implementation may have been different....
1820 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1821 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1822 # Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
1823
1824 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1825 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1826 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1827 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1828 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1829 # is good enough for our purposes.
1830
1831 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1832 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1833 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1834 # there are three time zones.
1835 #
1836 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1837 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
1838 # Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
1839 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
1840 #
1841 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1842
1843 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1844 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1845 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1846 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1847 #
1848 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1849 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1850 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1851
1852 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1853 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1854 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1855 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1856 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
1857 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1858 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1859 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1860 # He also found
1861 # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1862 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1863 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1864 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1865 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1866 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1867 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1868 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1869
1870 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1871 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1872 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1873 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1874
1875 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1876 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1877 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1878 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1879 # database on this, e.g.:
1880 #
1881 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1882 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1883 #
1884 # both say GMT+08:00.
1885
1886 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1887 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1888 # schedule here:
1889 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1890 # (click the English flag for English)
1891 #
1892 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
1893 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1894 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1895 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
1896 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1897 # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1898
1899 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1900 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1901 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1902 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1903 # this is almost surely wrong.
1904
1905 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1906 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1907 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1908 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1909 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1910 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1911 #
1912 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1913 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
1914 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1915 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1916 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1917 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1918
1919 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1920 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1921 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1922 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1923 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1924 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1925
1926 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1927 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1928 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1929 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1930 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1931 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1932 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1933 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1947 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1948
1949 # Oman
1950
1951 # Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory.
1952
1953 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1954 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920
1955 4:00 - GST
1956
1957 # Pakistan
1958
1959 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1960 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1961 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1962 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1963 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1964 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1965
1966 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1967 # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
1968 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1969 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1970 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1971 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1972 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1973 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1974 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1975 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1976 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1977
1978 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1979 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1980 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1981
1982 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1983 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1984 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1985 #
1986 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1987 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1988 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1989 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1990 #
1991 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1992 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1993
1994 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1995 #
1996 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1997 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1998 #
1999 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
2000 # reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
2001 # moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
2002 # ...."
2003 #
2004 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
2005 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
2006
2007 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
2008 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
2009
2010 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2011 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
2012 # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
2013 # instead of August 31.
2014 #
2015 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
2016 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
2017
2018 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
2019 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
2020 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
2021 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
2022 # official working."
2023 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
2024 #
2025 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
2026 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
2027 #
2028 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
2029 # April 08, 2009
2030 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
2031 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
2032 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
2033 #
2034 # ....
2035 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
2036 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
2037 # conserve energy"
2038
2039 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
2040 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
2041 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
2042 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
2043 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
2044 # this regard."
2045 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
2046
2047 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
2048 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
2049 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
2050 # 1, 2009.
2051 #
2052 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
2053 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
2054 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
2055
2056 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
2057 # Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
2058 # > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
2059 # > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
2060 # > 1, 2009.
2061 #
2062 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
2063 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
2064 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
2065 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
2066 # Monday."
2067 #
2068 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
2069 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
2070 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
2071 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
2072 #
2073 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
2074 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
2075 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
2076
2077 # From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
2078 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
2079 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
2080
2081 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
2082 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2083 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
2084 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
2085 # >
2086 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
2087 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
2088 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
2089 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
2090 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
2091 #
2092 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
2093 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
2094 #
2095 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
2096 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
2097
2098 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2099 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
2100 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
2101 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2102 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2103 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
2104 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2105
2106 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2107 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
2108 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
2109 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
2110 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
2111 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
2112 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
2113
2114 # Palestine
2115
2116 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
2158 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2159 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
2160 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
2161 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
2162 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
2163 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
2164 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
2165 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
2166 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
2167 # to Palestine's rules.
2168
2169 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
2170 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
2171 #
2172 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
2173 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
2174 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
2175 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
2176
2177 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2178 # Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
2179 # <http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html>
2180 # (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
2181 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
2182 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
2183 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
2184 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
2185
2186 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
2187 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
2188
2189 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
2190 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
2191 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
2192 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
2193 # earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
2194
2195 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2196 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
2197 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
2198 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
2199 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
2200 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
2201 # the West Bank.
2202
2203 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
2204 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
2205 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
2206 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
2207 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
2208 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
2209 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
2210 # because of the Ramadan.
2211
2212 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
2213 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
2214 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
2215
2216 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
2217 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
2218 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
2219 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
2220 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
2221 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
2222
2223 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2224 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
2225 #
2226 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
2227 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
2228 #
2229 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
2230 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
2231 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
2232
2233 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
2234 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
2235 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
2236 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
2237 #
2238 # (in Arabic)
2239 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2240 #
2241 # (English translation)
2242 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2243
2244 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2245 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2246 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2247 #
2248 # One news source:
2249 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2250 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2251 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2252 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2253 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2254 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2255 #
2256 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2257 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
2258 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2259
2260 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2261 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
2262 #
2263 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
2264 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
2265 #
2266 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
2267 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
2268 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2269 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
2270
2271 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
2272 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
2273 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
2274 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
2275 #
2276 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
2277 # (in Arabic)
2278 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
2279
2280 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
2281 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
2282 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
2283 # noon though:
2284 #
2285 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
2286 # (Ma'an News Agency)
2287 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
2288 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
2289
2290 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
2291 # According to several sources, including
2292 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
2293 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
2294 # Gaza and the West Bank.
2295 # Some more background info:
2296 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
2297
2298 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
2299 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
2300 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
2301 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
2302 # Ramadan.
2303 #
2304 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
2305 # Additional info:
2306 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
2307
2308 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
2309 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
2310 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
2311 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
2312 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
2313 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
2314 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
2315 # ...
2316 # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
2317 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
2318 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
2319
2320 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
2321 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
2322 # 00:00).
2323 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
2324 #
2325 # Many sources, including:
2326 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
2327
2328 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2329 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
2330 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
2331 # Some of many sources in Arabic:
2332 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
2333 #
2334 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
2335 #
2336 # Our brief summary:
2337 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
2338
2339 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
2340 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
2341 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
2342 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
2343 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
2344 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
2345
2346 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
2347 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
2348 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
2349 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
2350 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
2351 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
2352 # official source...:
2353 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
2354
2355 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-24):
2356 # For future dates, guess the last Thursday in March at 24:00 through
2357 # the first Friday on or after September 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with
2396 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2397 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
2398 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
2399 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
2400 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
2401 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
2402 2:00 - EET 2012
2403 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2404
2405 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2406 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2407 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2408 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2409 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2410 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2411
2412 # Paracel Is
2413 # no information
2414
2415 # Philippines
2416 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
2417 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2418 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
2419 # History of the International Date Line
2420 # <http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm>.
2421 # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2422
2423 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2424 # Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
2425 # Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
2426 # rainy season begins. See
2427 # <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
2428 # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
2429 #
2430 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2431 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2432 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2433 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2434 # but no details]
2435
2436 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2437 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2438 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2439 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2440 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2441 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2442 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2443 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2444 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2445 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2446 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
2447 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
2448 8:00 Phil PH%sT
2449
2450 # Qatar
2451 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2452 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2453 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
2454 3:00 - AST
2455
2456 # Saudi Arabia
2457 #
2458 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
2459 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
2460 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
2461 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
2462 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
2463 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
2464 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
2465 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
2466 #
2467 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
2468 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
2469 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
2470 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
2471 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
2472 # earlier date.
2473 #
2474 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
2475 # time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of
2476 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
2477 #
2478 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2479 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
2480 3:00 - AST
2481
2482 # Singapore
2483 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2484 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
2485 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2486 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2487 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2488 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2489 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2490 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2491 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2492 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2493 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2494 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
2495 8:00 - SGT
2496
2497 # Spratly Is
2498 # no information
2499
2500 # Sri Lanka
2501
2502 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2503 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
2504 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
2505 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
2506 # Shanks and Pottenger.
2507
2508 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2509 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2510 # (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24,
2511 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2512 # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2513 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
2514 #
2515 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2516 # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
2517 # <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26):
2518 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2519 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2520
2521 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2522 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2523 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2524 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
2525
2526 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2527 # <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
2528 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2529 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2530 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2531 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2532 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2533 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2534
2535 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
2536 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
2537 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
2538 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
2539 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
2540 #
2541 # I recollect before the recent change the government announcements
2542 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
2543 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
2544 #
2545 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
2546 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
2547 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
2548 # item....
2549 #
2550 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
2551 # administrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
2552 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
2553 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
2554 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
2555 #
2556 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
2557 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
2558 # all computers.
2559
2560 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2561 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
2562 # and then see what people actually say in practice.
2563
2564 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2565 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2566 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2567 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
2568 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
2569 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2570 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
2571 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2603 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2604 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
2605 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
2606 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
2607 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
2608 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
2609 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
2610 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
2611 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2612 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2613 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
2614 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2615 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
2616 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
2617 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
2618 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2619 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
2620 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
2621 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
2622 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2623 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
2624 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
2625 # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
2626 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
2627 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
2628 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
2629 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
2630 #
2631 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
2632 # Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
2633 #
2634 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
2635 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
2636 #
2637 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
2638 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
2639 #
2640 # which using Google's translate tools says:
2641 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
2642 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
2643 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
2644 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2645
2646 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
2647 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
2648 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
2649 # are now using:
2650 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
2651 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
2652 # Variation
2653 # Syrian Arab
2654 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
2655 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
2656 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
2657
2658 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
2659 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
2660 # Agency (SANA)...
2661 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
2662 # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
2663 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
2664 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
2665 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
2666 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
2667
2668 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2669 # My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
2670 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
2671 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
2672 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
2673
2674 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
2675 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
2676 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2677 #
2678 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2679 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2680 # clocks back 60 minutes).
2681 #
2682 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2683
2684 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2685 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2686 # two examples:
2687 #
2688 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2689 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2690 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2691 # (Arabic, gov-site)
2692 #
2693 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2694 #
2695 # Our summary
2696 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2697
2698 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
2699 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
2700 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
2701 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
2702 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
2703
2704 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
2705 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
2706 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
2707 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
2708
2709 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
2710 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
2711 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
2712 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
2713 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
2714
2715 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2716 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
2717 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
2718 #
2719 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
2720 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
2721 #
2722 # Our brief summary:
2723 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
2724
2725 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
2726 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
2727
2728 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2729 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2730 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2731 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2732 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2733 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2734
2735 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2736 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2737 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2738
2739 # Tajikistan
2740 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2741 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2742 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2743 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
2759 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2760 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
2761 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2762 5:00 - TMT
2763
2764 # United Arab Emirates
2765 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2766 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2767 4:00 - GST
2768
2769 # Uzbekistan
2770 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2771 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2772 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
2773 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
2774 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
2775 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
2776 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2777 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2778 5:00 - UZT
2779 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
2780 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
2781 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
2782 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2783 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2784 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2785 5:00 - UZT
2786
2787 # Vietnam
2788
2789 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2790 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
2791 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
2792 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
2793 # and Pottenger.
2794
2795 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2796 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
2797 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
2798
2799 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
2800 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2801 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
2802 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
2803 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
2804 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
2805 7:00 - ICT
2806
2807 # Yemen
2808
2809 # Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
2810 # and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.
2811
2812 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2813 Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950
2814 3:00 - AST
|