4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
9 #
10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
14 # accompanied this code).
15 #
16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
19 #
20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
22 # questions.
23 #
24 # <pre>
25 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
26 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
27
28 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
29
30 # Notes are at the end of this file
31
32 ###############################################################################
33
34 # Australia
35
36 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
37
38 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
39 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
40 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
41 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
42 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
43 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
44 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
45 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
46 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
47 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
48 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
49
50 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
51 # Northern Territory
52 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
53 9:00 - CST 1899 May
54 9:30 Aus CST
55 # Western Australia
56 #
57 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
58 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
59 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
60 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
61 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
62 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 -
63 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
64 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 -
65 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
66 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
67 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
68 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul
69 8:00 AW WST
70 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
71 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul
72 8:45 AW CWST
73
74 # Queensland
75 #
76 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
77 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
78 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
79 # Queensland ceased to.
80 #
81 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
82 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
83 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
84 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
85 # so use Lindeman.
86 #
87 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
88 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
89 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
90 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
91 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
92 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
93 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
94 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
95 10:00 Aus EST 1971
96 10:00 AQ EST
97 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
98 10:00 Aus EST 1971
99 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul
100 10:00 Holiday EST
101
102 # South Australia
103 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
104 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
105 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
106 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
107 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
108 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
109 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
110 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 -
111 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 -
112 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 -
113 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 -
114 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
115 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 -
116 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
117 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
118 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
119 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
120 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
121 9:00 - CST 1899 May
122 9:30 Aus CST 1971
123 9:30 AS CST
124
125 # Tasmania
126 #
127 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
128 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>
129 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
130 #
131 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
132 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
133 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
134 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
135 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
136 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
137 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
138 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
139 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
140 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
141 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
142 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
143 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
144 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
145 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
146 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
147 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
148 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
149 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
150 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
151 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
152 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
153 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
154 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
155 10:00 Aus EST 1967
156 10:00 AT EST
157 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
158 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
159 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
160 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul
161 10:00 AT EST
162
163 # Victoria
164 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
165 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
166 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
167 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
168 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
169 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
170 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
171 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
172 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
173 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
174 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
175 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
176 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
177 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
178 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
179 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
180 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
181 10:00 Aus EST 1971
182 10:00 AV EST
183
184 # New South Wales
185 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
186 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
187 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
188 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
189 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
190 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
191 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
192 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
193 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
194 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
195 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
196 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
197 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
198 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
199 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
200 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
201 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
202 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
203 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
204 10:00 Aus EST 1971
205 10:00 AN EST
206 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
207 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
208 9:00 - CST 1899 May
209 9:30 Aus CST 1971
210 9:30 AN CST 2000
211 9:30 AS CST
212
213 # Lord Howe Island
214 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
215 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
216 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
217 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
218 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
219 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
220 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
221 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
222 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
223 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
224 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
225 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
226 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
227 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
228 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 -
229 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
230 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
231 10:30 LH LHST
232
233 # Australian miscellany
234 #
235 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
236 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
237 # no times are set
238 #
239 # Coral Sea Is
240 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
241 # no times are set
242 #
243 # Macquarie
244 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
245 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
246 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
247 # <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828>
248 # <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831>.
249 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
250 #
251 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
252 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
253 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
254 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
255 # on 4 April.
256 #
257 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
258 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
259 # will produce a binary file with an EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
260 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
261 # pre-2013 versions of localtime.
262 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov
263 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
264 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
265 10:00 Aus EST 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
266 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25
267 10:00 Aus EST 1967
268 10:00 AT EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00
269 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time
270
271 # Christmas
272 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
273 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
274 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
275
276 # Cook Is
277 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
278 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
279 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
280 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
281 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
282 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
283 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
284 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
285 -10:00 Cook CK%sT
286
287 # Cocos
288 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
289 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
290 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
291 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
292 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
293
294 # Fiji
295
296 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
297
298 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
299 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
300 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
301 #
302 # "Daylight savings to commence this month"
303 # <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719">
304 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
305 # </a>
306 # or
307 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html">
308 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
309 # </a>
310
311 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
312 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
313 # amendments:
314 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml">
315 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
316 # </a>
317
318 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
319 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
320 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
321 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
322 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
323 #
324 # Official source:
325 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166">
326 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
327 # </a>
328 #
329 # A bit more background info here:
330 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html">
331 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
332 # </a>
333
334 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
335 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
336 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
337 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
338 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
339 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
340 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
341 # </a>
342 # or
343 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html">
344 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
345 # </a>
346
347 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
348 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
349 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
350 #
351 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
352 # www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
353 # </a>
354 # which says
355 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
356 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
357 # 2am on February 26 next year.
358
359 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
360 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
361 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
362 #
363 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
364 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
365 # </a>
366 # states:
367 #
368 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
369 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
370 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
371 # on the 23rd of October, 2011.
372
373 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen:
374 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate
375 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
376 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
377 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155
378
379 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler:
380 # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ...
381 # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am
382 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx
383
384 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10):
385 # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00:
462 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
463 12:00 - KOST 1999
464 11:00 - KOST
465
466 # Nauru
467 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
468 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
469 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
470 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
471 11:30 - NRT 1979 May
472 12:00 - NRT
473
474 # New Caledonia
475 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
476 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
477 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
478 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
479 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
480 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
481 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
482 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
483 11:00 NC NC%sT
484
485
486 ###############################################################################
487
488 # New Zealand
489
490 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
491 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
492 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
493 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
494 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
495 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
496 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
497 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
498 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
499 # convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
500 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
501 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
502 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
503 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
504 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
505 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
506 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
507 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
508 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
509 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
510 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
511 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
512 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
513 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
514 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
515 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
516 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
517 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
518 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
519 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
520 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
521 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
522 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1
523 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
524
525 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
526
527 # Auckland Is
528 # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
529 # and scientific personnel have wintered
530
531 # Campbell I
532 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
533 # scientific station operated 1941/1995;
534 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
535 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
536
537 ###############################################################################
538
539
540 # Niue
541 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
542 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
543 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
544 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
545 -11:00 - NUT
546
547 # Norfolk
548 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
549 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
550 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
551 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
552
553 # Palau (Belau)
554 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
555 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
556 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
557
558 # Papua New Guinea
559 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
560 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
561 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
562 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
563
564 # Pitcairn
565 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
566 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
567 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
568 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
569
570 # American Samoa
571 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
572 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
573 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
574 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
575 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
576 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
577
578 # Samoa
579
580 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
581 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
582 # the following info:
583 #
584 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
585 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
586 # Sunday of April 2011."
587 #
588 # Background info:
589 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html">
590 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
591 # </a>
592 #
593 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
594 # contain any dates:
595 # <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf">
596 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
597 # </a>
598
599 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
600 # Please see
601 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">
602 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws
603 # </a>,
604 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
605 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
606 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
607 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
608
609 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
610 # I believe this will be posted shortly on the website
611 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">
612 # www.mcil.gov.ws
613 # </a>
614 #
615 # PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME
616 #
617 # Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision,
618 # businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight
619 # saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11).
620 #
621 # The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes
622 # the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011,
623 # then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be
624 # adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
625 #
626 # Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE,
627 # INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011
628
629 # From David Zuelke (2011-05-09):
630 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
631 #
632 # <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963">
633 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
634 # </a>
635
636 # From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17):
637 # I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law
638 # Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she
639 # confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather
640 # than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But
641 # the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa
642 # changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13:
643 #
644 # International Date Line Bill 2011
645 #
646 # AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make
647 # consequential amendments to the position of the International Date
648 # Line, and for related purposes.
649 #
650 # BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament
651 # assembled as follows:
652 #
653 # 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the
654 # International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act
655 # commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3)
656 # Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State.
657 #
658 # [snip]
659 #
660 # 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any
661 # other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the
662 # time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time.
663 #
664 # 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa
665 # standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated
666 # Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's
667 # time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and
668 # instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to
669 # Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this
670 # Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that
671 # it defines Samoa standard time....
672
673 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
674 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html">
675 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
676 # </a>
677 #
678 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
679 #
680 # DST
681 # Year End Time Start Time
682 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
683 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
684 #
685 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
686 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
687 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
688 #
689 # Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03):
690 # Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012
691 # seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on
692 # a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below.
693 #
694 # From Nicky (2012-09-10):
695 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
696 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.
697 #
698 # Please find link below for more information.
699 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
700 #
701 # That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well
702 # which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the
703 # future, so for now, we will guess this will continue.
704
705 # Western Samoa
706 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
707 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D
708 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 -
709 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
710 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
711 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
712 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
713 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26
714 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00
715 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00
716 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30
717 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00
718 13:00 WS WS%sT
719
720 # Solomon Is
721 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
722 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
723 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
724 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
725
726 # Tokelau Is
727 #
728 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
729 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
730 # December 31 this year ...
731 #
732 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)
733 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking
734 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....
735 # Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change
736 # actually was to UTC-11 back then.
737 #
876 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
877 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
878 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
879 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
880 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
881 #
882 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
883 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
884 #
885 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
886 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
887 # I found in the UCLA library.
888 #
889 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
890 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
891 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
892 #
893 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
894 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
895 #
896 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
897 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
898 # Corrections are welcome!
899 # std dst
900 # LMT Local Mean Time
901 # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
902 # 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
903 # 9:00 JST Japan
904 # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
905 # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
906 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro
907 # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
908 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
909 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
910 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
911 # -11:00 SST Samoa
912 # -10:00 HST Hawaii
913 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
914 #
915 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
916 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
917
918 ###############################################################################
919
920 # Australia
921
922 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
923 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">
924 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
925 # </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
926
927 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
928 # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving">
929 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
930 # </a> covers New South Wales in particular.
931
932 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
933 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
934 # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
935 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
936 # abbreviation does _not_ change...
937 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
938 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
939 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
940 # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
941 # time'.
942 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
943 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
944 # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
945 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
946 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
947 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
948 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
949
950 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
951 # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
952 # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
953 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
954 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
955
956 # From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
957 # I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
958 # <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time>
959 # And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
960 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml>
961
962 # From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
963 # versus "AEST" etc.:
964 #
965 # I see the following points of dispute:
966 #
967 # * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
968 #
969 # Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
970 # Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
971 # operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity
972 # (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
973 # Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
974 # In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
975 # abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
976 # think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
977 #
978 # On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
979 # abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is
980 # particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
981 # time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
982 #
983 # * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
984 #
985 # Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
986 # many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about
987 # which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
988 # Time, for example.
989 #
990 # Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
991 # refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
992 # tiebreaker.
993 #
994 # * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
995 # Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
996 # the word "Australian"?
997 #
998 # My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
999 # common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
1000 # popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
1001 # often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
1002 # following count of page hits:
1003 #
1004 # 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
1005 # 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
1006 # 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
1007 # 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
1008 #
1009 # Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
1010 # particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
1011 # say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
1012 # Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
1013 #
1014 # For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
1015 # ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
1016 # many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here
1017 # are the hit counts anyway:
1018 #
1019 # 161,304 "EST" and domain:au
1020 # 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
1021 # 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
1022 # 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
1023 #
1024 # 14,538 "CST" and domain:au
1025 # 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
1026 # 176 "ACST" and domain:au
1027 # 29 "ACDT" and domain:au
1028 #
1029 # 7,539 "WST" and domain:au
1030 # 68 "AWST" and domain:au
1031 #
1032 # This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
1033 # practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
1034 # the ambiguities involved.
1035 #
1036 # * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
1037 #
1038 # If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
1039 # against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
1040 # saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
1041 # understood in Australia.
1042
1043 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
1044 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
1045 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
1046 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
1047 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
1048 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
1049 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
1050
1051 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
1052 #
1053 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
1054 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
1055 # relevant entries in this database.
1056 #
1057 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
1058 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
1059 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
1060 # </a>
1061 # ACT
1062 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
1063 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
1064 # </a>
1065 # SA
1066 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
1067 # Standard Time Act, 1898
1068 # </a>
1069
1070 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
1071 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
1072 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
1073 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
1074 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
1075 #
1076 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
1077 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
1078 # to extend DST together in 2006.
1079 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
1080 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
1081 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
1082 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
1083 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
1084 # allude to it.
1085 # But not Queensland
1086 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.
1087
1088 # Northern Territory
1089
1090 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1091 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
1092 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1093 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
1094 # ...
1095 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
1096
1097 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1098 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1099 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
1100
1101 # Western Australia
1102
1103 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1104 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
1105 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1106 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
1113 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1114 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
1115 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1116 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
1117
1118 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1119 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1120 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
1121
1122 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
1123 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
1124 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
1125 # work at 9.00am.)
1126 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
1127 # everybody again.
1128
1129 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1130 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
1131 # it matches what was used in the past.
1132
1133 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
1134 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
1135 # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
1136 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
1137
1138 # Queensland
1139 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1140 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
1141 # # [ Dec 1990 ]
1142 # ...
1143 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
1144 # ...
1145 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1146 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
1147 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1148 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
1149
1150 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
1151 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
1152 # October 1989).
1153
1154 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1155 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1156 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1157 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1158
1159 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
1160 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
1161 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
1162 # me.)
1163
1164 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
1165 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
1166 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
1167 # ...
1168 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1169 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1170 # ...
1171
1172 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1173 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
1174
1175 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
1176 # from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
1177 # WA are trialing DST for three years.
1178 # <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>
1179
1180 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
1181 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
1182 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
1183 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
1184 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
1185 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
1186 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
1187 # Australia and Western Australia....
1188 #
1189 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
1190 # This is confirmed by the section entitled
1191 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in
1192 # <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.
1193 #
1194 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
1195 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
1196 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
1320 # expected time.
1321 #
1322 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
1323 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
1324 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
1325 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
1326 #
1327 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
1328 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
1329
1330 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1331 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1332
1333 # New South Wales
1334
1335 # From Arthur David Olson:
1336 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
1337 # Based on law library research by John Mackin,
1338 # who notes:
1339 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
1340 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
1341 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
1342 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
1343 # legislation. This is very important to understand.
1344 # I have researched New South Wales time only...
1345
1346 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
1347 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
1348 # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
1349 # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
1350 # Two months more daylight saving
1351 # </a>
1352 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
1353
1354 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
1355 # See the following official NSW source:
1356 # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
1357 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
1358 # </a>
1359 #
1360 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
1361 # daylight saving next year. See:
1362 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
1363 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
1364 # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
1365 #
1366 # Victoria will following NSW. See:
1367 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
1368 # Vic to extend daylight saving
1369 # </a> (1999-07-28).
1370 #
1371 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
1372 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
1373 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
1374 # </a> (1999-07-19).
1375 #
1376 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
1377 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
1378 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
1379 # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
1380 # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
1381 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
1382 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
1383 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
1384 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
1385 #
1386 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
1387 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
1388 # Broken Hill to be behind the times
1389 # </a> (1999-07-21).
1390
1391 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
1392 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
1393 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
1394
1395 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
1396 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
1397 # towns to use Queensland time.
1398
1399 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1400 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1401
1402 # Yancowinna
1403
1404 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
1405 # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
1406
1407 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1408 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
1409 # # [ Dec 1990 ]
1410 # ...
1411 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
1412 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
1413 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
1414 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
1415 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
1416 # # presently available.
1417 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
1418 # ...
1419 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1420 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
1421 # [followed by other Rules]
1422
1423 # Lord Howe Island
1424
1425 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1442 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
1443 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
1444 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
1445 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
1446 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
1447 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
1448
1449 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1450 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
1451 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
1452
1453 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1454 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1455
1456 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
1457 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
1458 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
1459 # summer (southern hemisphere).
1460 #
1461 # From
1462 # <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf">
1463 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
1464 # </a>
1465 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
1466 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
1467 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
1468 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
1469 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
1470 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
1471 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
1472 #
1473 # We have a wrap-up here:
1474 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html">
1475 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
1476 # </a>
1477 ###############################################################################
1478
1479 # New Zealand
1480
1481 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
1482 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
1483 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
1484 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
1485 # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
1486
1487 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1488 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
1489 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
1490 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
1491 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1492 # ...
1493 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1494 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1495 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1496 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
1497 # ...
1498 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
1499 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
1500
1501 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1502 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
1503 # rather than the October 1 value.
1504
1505 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
1507 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
1508 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
1509 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
1510 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
1511 #
1512 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1513 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
1514 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
1515 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
1516 #
1517 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
1518 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
1519 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
1520
1521 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
1522 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
1523 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
1524 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
1525 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
1526
1527 ###############################################################################
1528
1529
1530 # Fiji
1531
1532 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
1533 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
1534 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
1535
1536 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1537 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
1538 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
1539 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
1540
1541 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
1542 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
1543
1544 # From the BBC World Service in
1545 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
1546 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
1547 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
1548 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
1549 # of the new millennium.
1550
1551 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1552 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1553
1554 # Johnston
1555
1556 # Johnston data is from usno1995.
1557
1558
1559 # Kiribati
1560
1561 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1562 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1563 # ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
1564 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1565
1566
1567 # Kwajalein
1568
1569 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1570 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1571 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1572 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1573 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1574
1575
1576 # N Mariana Is, Guam
1577
1578 # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1579 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
1580 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1581 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1582 # see Asia/Manila.
1583
1584 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
1585 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1586 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1587 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1588
1589
1590 # Micronesia
1591
1592 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1593 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
1594 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
1595 #
1596 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
1597 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1598
1599 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1600 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1601 # <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
1602 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
1603 # </a> (1999-01-26)
1604 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
1605 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
1606
1607
1608 # Midway
1609
1610 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1611 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1612 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1613 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1614 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1615 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1616 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1617 # air at 6am your time.
1618 #
1619 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1620 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1621 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1622 # in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1623
1629 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1630 #
1631 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1632 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1633 # as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1634 #
1635 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1636 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1637 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
1638
1639 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1640 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1641 # ... at midnight.
1642
1643 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1644 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1645 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1646 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1647
1648
1649 # Samoa
1650
1651 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
1652 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
1653 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1654 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
1655 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
1656
1657
1658 # Tonga
1659
1660 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1661 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
1662 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
1663 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1664
1665 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1666 # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
1667 # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
1668 # </a>:
1669
1670 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1671 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1672 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1673 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1674 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1675 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1676 #
1677 # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1678 # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1679 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1680 #
1681 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1682 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1683 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1684 # minutes we have lost?"
1685 #
1686 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1687 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1688 # to say your prayers in the morning."
1689
1690 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1691 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1692
1693 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1694 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium
1695 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1696 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1697 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1698 # Government.
1699
1700 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1701 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1702 #
1703 # I was given this link by John Letts:
1704 # <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
1705 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1706 # </a>
1707 #
1708 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1709 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1710 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1711 # (12 + 1 hour DST).
1712
1713 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
1714 # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html">
1715 # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
1716 # </a>:
1717 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1718 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1719 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1720 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1721 # set back an hour on the closing date."
1722 # Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1723
1724 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1725 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1726 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1727
1728 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
1729 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
1730 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
1731 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
1732 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
1733 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
1734 # (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )
1735
1736 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
1737 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
1738
1739 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
1740 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
1741 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
1742 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
1743 # hour to 1:00am.
1744
1745 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
1746 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
1747
1748
1749 # Wake
1750
1751 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1752 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1753 #
1754 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the
1755 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1756 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1757 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1758 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1759 # impossible.
1760 #
1761 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
1762
1763 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1764 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1765
1766 ###############################################################################
1767
1768 # The International Date Line
1769
1770 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1771 #
1772 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1773 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1774 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1779 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1780 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1781 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1782 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1783 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
1784 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
1785 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
1786 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
1787 # correct date is ambiguous.
1788
1789 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
1790 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
1791 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
1792 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
1793 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
1794 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
1795 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
1796 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
1797 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
1798 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
1799 # entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were
1800 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
1801 # independent merchant ships until World War II.
1802
1803 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
1804 # (2005-03-20):
1805 #
1806 # The American Practical Navigator (2002)
1807 # <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187>
1808 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
1809 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.
|
4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
9 #
10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
14 # accompanied this code).
15 #
16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
19 #
20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
22 # questions.
23 #
24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
26
27 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
28
29 # Notes are at the end of this file
30
31 ###############################################################################
32
33 # Australia
34
35 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
36
37 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
38 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D
39 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S
40 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D
41 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S
42 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D
43 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
44 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D
45 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
46 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
47 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
48
49 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
50 # Northern Territory
51 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
52 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
53 9:30 Aus AC%sT
54 # Western Australia
55 #
56 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
57 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
58 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
59 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
60 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
61 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D
62 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
63 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D
64 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
65 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
66 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
67 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul
68 8:00 AW AW%sT
69 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
70 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul
71 8:45 AW ACW%sT
72
73 # Queensland
74 #
75 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
76 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
77 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
78 # Queensland ceased to.
79 #
80 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
81 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
82 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
83 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
84 # so use Lindeman.
85 #
86 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
87 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
88 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
89 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
90 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
91 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
92 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
93 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
94 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
95 10:00 AQ AE%sT
96 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
97 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
98 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul
99 10:00 Holiday AE%sT
100
101 # South Australia
102 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
103 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
104 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
105 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
106 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
107 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
108 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
109 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S
110 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S
111 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S
112 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S
113 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
114 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S
115 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
116 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
117 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
118 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
119 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
120 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
121 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
122 9:30 AS AC%sT
123
124 # Tasmania
125 #
126 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
127 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>
128 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
129 #
130 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
131 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
132 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
133 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
134 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S
135 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
136 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
137 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
138 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
139 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
140 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
141 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D
142 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
143 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
144 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
145 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
146 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
147 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
148 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
149 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
150 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
151 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
152 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
153 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
154 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
155 10:00 AT AE%sT
156 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
157 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
158 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
159 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul
160 10:00 AT AE%sT
161
162 # Victoria
163 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
164 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
165 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
166 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
167 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
168 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
169 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
170 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
171 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
172 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
173 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
174 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
175 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
176 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
177 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
178 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
179 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
180 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
181 10:00 AV AE%sT
182
183 # New South Wales
184 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
185 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
186 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
187 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
188 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
189 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
190 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
191 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
192 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
193 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
194 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
195 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
196 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
197 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
198 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
199 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
200 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
201 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
202 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
203 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
204 10:00 AN AE%sT
205 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
206 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23
207 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
208 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
209 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000
210 9:30 AS AC%sT
211
212 # Lord Howe Island
213 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
214 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
215 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
216 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
217 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
218 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D
219 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
220 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
221 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
222 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
223 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
224 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
225 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
226 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
227 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D
228 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
229 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar
230 10:30 LH LH%sT
231
232 # Australian miscellany
233 #
234 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
235 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
236 # no times are set
237 #
238 # Coral Sea Is
239 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
240 # no times are set
241 #
242 # Macquarie
243 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
244 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
245 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
246 # <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828>
247 # <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831>.
248 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
249 #
250 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
251 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
252 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
253 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
254 # on 4 April.
255 #
256 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
257 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
258 # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
259 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
260 # pre-2013 versions of localtime.
261 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov
262 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
263 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
264 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
265 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25
266 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
267 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00
268 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time
269
270 # Christmas
271 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
272 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
273 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
274
275 # Cocos (Keeling) Is
276 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
277 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
278 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
279 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
280 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
281
282
283 # Fiji
284
285 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
286
287 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
288 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
289 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
290 #
291 # "Daylight savings to commence this month"
292 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
293 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
294
295 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
296 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
297 # amendments:
298 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
299
300 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
301 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
302 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
303 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
304 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
305 #
306 # Official source:
307 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
308 #
309 # A bit more background info here:
310 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
311
312 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
313 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
314 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
315 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
316 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
317 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
318 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
319
320 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
321 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
322 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
323 #
324 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
325 # which says
326 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
327 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
328 # 2am on February 26 next year.
329
330 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
331 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
332 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
333 #
334 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
335 # states:
336 #
337 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
338 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
339 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
340 # on the 23rd of October, 2011.
341
342 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen:
343 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate
344 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
345 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
346 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155
347
348 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler:
349 # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ...
350 # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am
351 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx
352
353 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10):
354 # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00:
431 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
432 12:00 - KOST 1999
433 11:00 - KOST
434
435 # Nauru
436 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
437 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
438 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
439 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
440 11:30 - NRT 1979 May
441 12:00 - NRT
442
443 # New Caledonia
444 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
445 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
446 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
447 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
448 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
449 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
450 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
451 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
452 11:00 NC NC%sT
453
454
455 ###############################################################################
456
457 # New Zealand
458
459 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
460 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
461 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
462 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
463 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
464 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
465 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
466 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
467 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
468 # convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition
469 # so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
470 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
471 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
472 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
473 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
474 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
475 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
476 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
477 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
478 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
479 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
480 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
481 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
482 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
483 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
484 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
485 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
486 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
487 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
488 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
489 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
490 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
491 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
492 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
493 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1
494 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
495
496 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
497
498 # Auckland Is
499 # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
500 # and scientific personnel have wintered
501
502 # Campbell I
503 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
504 # scientific station operated 1941/1995;
505 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
506 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
507
508 # Cook Is
509 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
510 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
511 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
512 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
513 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
514 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
515 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
516 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
517 -10:00 Cook CK%sT
518
519 ###############################################################################
520
521
522 # Niue
523 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
524 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
525 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
526 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
527 -11:00 - NUT
528
529 # Norfolk
530 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
531 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
532 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
533 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
534
535 # Palau (Belau)
536 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
537 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
538 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
539
540 # Papua New Guinea
541 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
542 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
543 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
544 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
545
546 # Pitcairn
547 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
548 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
549 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
550 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
551
552 # American Samoa
553 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
554 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
555 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
556 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
557 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
558
559 # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa)
560
561 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
562 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
563 # the following info:
564 #
565 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
566 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
567 # Sunday of April 2011."
568 #
569 # Background info:
570 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
571 #
572 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
573 # contain any dates:
574 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
575
576 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
577 # Please see
578 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws
579 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
580 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
581 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
582 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
583
584 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
585 # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf]
586 #
587 # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am
588 # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to
589 # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock
590 # (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
591
592 # From David Zülke (2011-05-09):
593 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
594 #
595 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
596
597 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):
598 # The International Date Line Act 2011
599 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
600 # changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
601 # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted
602 # accordingly.
603
604 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
605 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
606 #
607 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
608 #
609 # DST
610 # Year End Time Start Time
611 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
612 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
613 #
614 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
615 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
616 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
617 #
618 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
619 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
620 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
621 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
622 #
623 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
624 # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
625 # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
626
627 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
628 Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D
629 Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S
630 Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D
631 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S
632 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D
633 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
634 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
635 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
636 -11:30 - WSST 1950
637 -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa
638 13:00 WS WS%sT
639
640 # Solomon Is
641 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
642 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
643 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
644 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
645
646 # Tokelau Is
647 #
648 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
649 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
650 # December 31 this year ...
651 #
652 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)
653 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking
654 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....
655 # Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change
656 # actually was to UTC-11 back then.
657 #
796 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
797 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
798 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
799 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
800 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
801 #
802 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
803 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
804 #
805 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
806 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
807 # I found in the UCLA library.
808 #
809 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
810 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
811 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
812 #
813 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
814 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
815 #
816 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
817 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
818 # Corrections are welcome!
819 # std dst
820 # LMT Local Mean Time
821 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
822 # 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia*
823 # 9:00 JST Japan
824 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
825 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
826 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro
827 # 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe*
828 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
829 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
830 # 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945*
831 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present*
832 # 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present*
833 # -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950*
834 # -11:00 SST Samoa
835 # -10:00 HST Hawaii
836 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
837 #
838 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
839 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
840
841 ###############################################################################
842
843 # Australia
844
845 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
846 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
847 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
848 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
849 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
850 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
851 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
852 # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
853 # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
854 # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
855 # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
856 # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm
857
858 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
859 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
860 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>
861 # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
862
863 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
864 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
865 # <http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving>
866 # covers New South Wales in particular.
867
868 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
869 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time.
870 # It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer'
871 # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
872 # abbreviation does _not_ change...
873 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
874 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
875 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
876 # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight
877 # time'.
878 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
879 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time'
880 # or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
881 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
882 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
883 # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times;
884 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
885
886 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
887 #
888 # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this
889 # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer
890 # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST".
891 # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common
892 # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints
893 # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage.
894 # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important;
895 # what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web
896 # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for
897 # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an
898 # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the
899 # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries:
900 #
901 # 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits]
902 # 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au
903 # 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au
904 # 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au
905 # 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au
906 # 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au
907 # 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits]
908 # 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits]
909 # 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au
910 # 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au
911 #
912 # 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits]
913 # 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au
914 #
915 # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but
916 # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages
917 # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since
918 # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found:
919 #
920 # 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au
921 # 226 "western standard time" WST site:au
922 #
923 # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as
924 # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au"
925 # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results.
926 # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers
927 # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail,
928 # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser,
929 # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle).
930 #
931 # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations
932 # like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/>
933 # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style
934 # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't
935 # fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations
936 # like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather
937 # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column
938 # (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not
939 # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..."
940 # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and
941 # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel
942 # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two
943 # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political
944 # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party."
945 #
946 # I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree:
947 #
948 # The Australian Government (2014-03-26)
949 # http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time
950 # (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.)
951 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
952 #
953 # Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08)
954 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml
955 # EST CST WST EDT CDT
956 #
957 # Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated)
958 # http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml
959 # EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST)
960 #
961 # Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24)
962 # http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp
963 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
964 #
965 # Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10)
966 # http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf
967 # EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used
968 #
969 # The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports,
970 # and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like.
971 # Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits:
972 # 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT".
973 # "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to
974 # appear in reports of events with international implications.
975 #
976 # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in
977 # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although
978 # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in
979 # the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it
980 # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all
981 # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments,
982 # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current
983 # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and
984 # "AEDT" for Australian time zones.
985
986 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
987 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
988 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
989 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
990 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
991 # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time.
992 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
993
994 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
995 #
996 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
997 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
998 # relevant entries in this database.
999 #
1000 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
1001 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
1002 # <http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html>
1003 # ACT
1004 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
1005 # <http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html>
1006 # SA
1007 # Standard Time Act, 1898
1008 # <http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html>
1009
1010 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
1011 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
1012 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
1013 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
1014 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
1015 #
1016 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
1017 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
1018 # to extend DST together in 2006.
1019 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
1020 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
1021 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
1022 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
1023 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
1024 # allude to it.
1025 # But not Queensland
1026 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html
1027
1028 # Northern Territory
1029
1030 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1031 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
1032 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1033 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
1034 # ...
1035 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
1036
1037 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1038 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1039 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
1040
1041 # Western Australia
1042
1043 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1044 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
1045 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1046 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
1053 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1054 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
1055 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1056 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
1057
1058 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1059 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1060 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
1061
1062 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
1063 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
1064 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
1065 # work at 9.00am.)
1066 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
1067 # everybody again.
1068
1069 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1070 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
1071 # it matches what was used in the past.
1072
1073 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
1074 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm>
1075 # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
1076 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
1077
1078 # Queensland
1079 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1080 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
1081 # # [ Dec 1990 ]
1082 # ...
1083 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
1084 # ...
1085 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1086 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
1087 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1088 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
1089
1090 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
1091 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
1092 # October 1989).
1093
1094 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1095 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1096 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1097 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1098
1099 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
1100 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
1101 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
1102 # me.)
1103
1104 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
1105 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
1106 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
1107 # ...
1108 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1109 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1110 # ...
1111
1112 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1113 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
1114
1115 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
1116 # from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
1117 # WA are trialing DST for three years.
1118 # <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>
1119
1120 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
1121 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
1122 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
1123 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
1124 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
1125 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
1126 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
1127 # Australia and Western Australia....
1128 #
1129 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
1130 # This is confirmed by the section entitled
1131 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in
1132 # <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.
1133 #
1134 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
1135 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
1136 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
1260 # expected time.
1261 #
1262 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
1263 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
1264 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
1265 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
1266 #
1267 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
1268 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
1269
1270 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1271 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1272
1273 # New South Wales
1274
1275 # From Arthur David Olson:
1276 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
1277 # Based on law library research by John Mackin,
1278 # who notes:
1279 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
1280 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time"
1281 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
1282 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
1283 # legislation. This is very important to understand.
1284 # I have researched New South Wales time only...
1285
1286 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
1287 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
1288 # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
1289 # Two months more daylight saving
1290 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26)
1291 # <http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html>]
1292
1293 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
1294 # See the following official NSW source:
1295 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
1296 # <http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ>
1297 #
1298 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
1299 # daylight saving next year. See:
1300 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
1301 # <http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm>
1302 # (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
1303 #
1304 # Victoria will following NSW. See:
1305 # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28)
1306 # <http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm>
1307 #
1308 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
1309 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19)
1310 # <http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm>
1311 #
1312 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
1313 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
1314 # <http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm>
1315 # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
1316 # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
1317 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
1318 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
1319 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
1320 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules."
1321 #
1322 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
1323 # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21)
1324 # <http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm>
1325
1326 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
1327 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
1328 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
1329
1330 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
1331 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
1332 # towns to use Queensland time.
1333
1334 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1335 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1336
1337 # Yancowinna
1338
1339 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
1340 # 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
1341
1342 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1343 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
1344 # # [ Dec 1990 ]
1345 # ...
1346 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
1347 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
1348 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
1349 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
1350 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
1351 # # presently available.
1352 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
1353 # ...
1354 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1355 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
1356 # [followed by other Rules]
1357
1358 # Lord Howe Island
1359
1360 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1377 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
1378 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
1379 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
1380 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
1381 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
1382 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
1383
1384 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1385 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
1386 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
1387
1388 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1389 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1390
1391 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
1392 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
1393 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
1394 # summer (southern hemisphere).
1395 #
1396 # From
1397 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
1398 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
1399 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
1400 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
1401 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
1402 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
1403 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
1404 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
1405 #
1406 # We have a wrap-up here:
1407 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
1408 ###############################################################################
1409
1410 # New Zealand
1411
1412 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
1413 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
1414 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
1415 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
1416 # source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
1417
1418 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1419 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
1420 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
1421 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
1422 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1423 # ...
1424 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1425 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1426 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1427 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
1428 # ...
1429 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
1430 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
1431
1432 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1433 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
1434 # rather than the October 1 value.
1435
1436 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
1438 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
1439 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
1440 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
1441 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
1442 #
1443 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1444 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
1445 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
1446 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
1447 #
1448 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
1449 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
1450 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
1451
1452 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
1453 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
1454 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
1455 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
1456 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
1457
1458 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):
1459 # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
1460 # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26)
1461 # <http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf>.
1462 # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
1463 # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
1464 # time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
1465 # Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
1466 # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
1467 # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
1468 # LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
1469 # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.
1470
1471 ###############################################################################
1472
1473
1474 # Fiji
1475
1476 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
1477 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
1478 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
1479
1480 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1481 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
1482 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
1483 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
1484
1485 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
1486 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
1487
1488 # From the BBC World Service in
1489 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
1490 # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
1491 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
1492 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
1493 # of the new millennium.
1494
1495 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1496 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1497
1498
1499 # Kiribati
1500
1501 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1502 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1503 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
1504 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1505
1506
1507 # Kwajalein
1508
1509 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1510 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1511 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1512 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1513 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1514
1515
1516 # N Mariana Is, Guam
1517
1518 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1519 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
1520 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1521 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1522 # see Asia/Manila.
1523
1524 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
1525 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1526 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1527 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1528
1529
1530 # Micronesia
1531
1532 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1533 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
1534 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
1535 #
1536 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
1537 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1538
1539 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1540 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1541 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
1542 # <http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html>
1543 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
1544 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
1545
1546
1547 # Midway
1548
1549 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1550 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1551 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1552 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1553 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1554 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1555 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1556 # air at 6am your time.
1557 #
1558 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1559 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1560 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1561 # in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1562
1568 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1569 #
1570 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1571 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1572 # as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1573 #
1574 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1575 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1576 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
1577
1578 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1579 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1580 # ... at midnight.
1581
1582 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1583 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1584 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1585 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1586
1587
1588 # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa
1589
1590 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
1591 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
1592 # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1593 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
1594 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
1595
1596 # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30
1597 # in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11
1598 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
1599 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
1600 # Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950,
1601 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
1602 # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
1603 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
1604
1605 # Tonga
1606
1607 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1608 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
1609 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
1610 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1611
1612 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1613 # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins'
1614 # <http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm>:
1615
1616 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1617 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1618 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1619 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1620 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1621 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1622 #
1623 # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1624 # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1625 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1626 #
1627 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1628 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1629 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1630 # minutes we have lost?"
1631 #
1632 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1633 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1634 # to say your prayers in the morning."
1635
1636 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1637 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1638
1639 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1640 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium
1641 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1642 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1643 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1644 # Government.
1645
1646 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1647 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1648 #
1649 # I was given this link by John Letts:
1650 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1651 #
1652 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1653 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1654 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1655 # (12 + 1 hour DST).
1656
1657 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
1658 # According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>:
1659 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1660 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1661 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1662 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1663 # set back an hour on the closing date."
1664 # Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1665
1666 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1667 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1668 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1669
1670 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
1671 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
1672 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
1673 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
1674 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
1675 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
1676 # (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>)
1677
1678 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
1679 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
1680
1681 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
1682 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
1683 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
1684 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
1685 # hour to 1:00am.
1686
1687 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
1688 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
1689
1690
1691 # Wake
1692
1693 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1694 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1695 #
1696 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
1697 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1698 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1699 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1700 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1701 # impossible.
1702 #
1703 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
1704
1705 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1706 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1707
1708 ###############################################################################
1709
1710 # The International Date Line
1711
1712 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1713 #
1714 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1715 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1716 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1721 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1722 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1723 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1724 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1725 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
1726 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
1727 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
1728 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
1729 # correct date is ambiguous.
1730
1731 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
1732 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
1733 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
1734 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
1735 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
1736 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
1737 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
1738 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
1739 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
1740 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
1741 # entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were
1742 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
1743 # independent merchant ships until World War II.
1744
1745 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
1746 # (2005-03-20):
1747 #
1748 # The American Practical Navigator (2002)
1749 # <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187>
1750 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
1751 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.
|