1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 26 27 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 30 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 31 32 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 33 # 34 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 37 # 38 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 39 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 40 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 41 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 42 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 43 # 44 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 45 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 46 # 47 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 48 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 49 # I found in the UCLA library. 50 # 51 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 52 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 53 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 54 # 55 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 56 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 57 # 58 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 59 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 60 # but Mark R V Murray reports that 61 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 62 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 63 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 64 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 65 # He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference. 66 # 67 # To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 68 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 69 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 70 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 71 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 72 # 73 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 74 # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 75 # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 76 # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 77 # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 78 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 79 # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 80 # I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 81 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 82 # until we get more information. 83 # 84 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 85 # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 86 # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 87 # 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 88 # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 89 # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 90 # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 91 # 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 92 93 # Algeria 94 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 95 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 96 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 97 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 98 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 99 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 100 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 101 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 102 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 103 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 104 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 105 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 106 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 107 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 108 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 109 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 110 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 111 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 112 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 113 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 114 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 115 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 116 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 117 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 118 # more precise 0:09:21. 119 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 120 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 121 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 122 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 123 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 124 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 125 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 126 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 127 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 128 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 129 1:00 - CET 130 131 # Angola 132 # Benin 133 # See Africa/Lagos. 134 135 # Botswana 136 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 137 # Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899; 138 # assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did. 139 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 140 Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 141 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 142 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 143 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 144 2:00 - CAT 145 146 # Burkina Faso 147 # See Africa/Abidjan. 148 149 # Burundi 150 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 151 Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 152 2:00 - CAT 153 154 # Cameroon 155 # See Africa/Lagos. 156 157 # Cape Verde 158 # 159 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT. 160 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 161 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 162 # merely made it official? 163 # 164 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 165 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 166 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 167 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 168 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 169 -1:00 - CVT 170 171 # Central African Republic 172 # See Africa/Lagos. 173 174 # Chad 175 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 176 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 177 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 178 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 179 1:00 - WAT 180 181 # Comoros 182 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 183 Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 184 3:00 - EAT 185 186 # Democratic Republic of the Congo 187 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 188 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 189 2:00 - CAT 190 # The above is for the eastern part; see Africa/Lagos for the western part. 191 192 # Republic of the Congo 193 # See Africa/Lagos. 194 195 # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 196 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 197 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 198 0:00 - GMT 199 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 200 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 201 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 202 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 203 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 204 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 205 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 206 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 207 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # São Tomé and Príncipe 208 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 209 210 # Djibouti 211 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 212 Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 213 3:00 - EAT 214 215 ############################################################################### 216 217 # Egypt 218 219 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 220 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 221 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 222 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 223 224 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 225 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 226 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 227 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 228 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 229 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 230 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 231 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 232 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 233 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 234 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 235 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 236 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 237 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 238 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 239 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 240 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 241 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 242 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 243 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 244 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 245 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 246 247 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 248 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 249 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 250 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 251 # 252 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 253 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 254 # or 255 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 256 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 257 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 258 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 259 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 260 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 261 # after observing the daylight saving time since May. 262 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 263 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 264 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 265 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 266 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 267 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 268 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 269 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 270 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 271 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 272 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 273 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 274 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 275 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 276 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 277 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 278 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 279 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 280 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 281 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 282 283 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 284 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 285 # 286 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 287 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 288 # Apr 23 289 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 290 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 291 # Apr 24 292 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 293 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 294 # Aug 27 295 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 296 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 297 # Aug 27 298 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 299 # 300 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 301 # :59) 302 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 303 # 304 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 305 # 306 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 307 # [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 308 # [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 309 310 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 311 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 312 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 313 # in September. 314 315 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 316 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 317 # Information and Decision Support Center: 318 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 319 # 320 # The Middle East News Agency 321 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 322 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 323 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 324 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 325 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 326 # (at least today). 327 328 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 329 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 330 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 331 # Ramadan. 332 # 333 # Arabic translation: 334 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 335 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 336 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 337 338 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 339 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 340 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 341 342 # From Gunther Vermier (2015-05-13): 343 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 344 345 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 346 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 347 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 348 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 349 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 350 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 351 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 352 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 353 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 354 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 355 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 356 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 357 358 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 359 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 360 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 361 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 362 # no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 363 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 364 # 365 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 366 # 2010's rules, and guess that Egypt will switch to standard time at 367 # 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the 368 # first Friday after Ramadan. To implement this, 369 # transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were determined by running 370 # the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the results integrated 371 # by hand into the table below. Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed 372 # DST starting in 2038, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff. 373 # (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 374 # (while (< islamic-year 1460) 375 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 376 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 377 # (friday 5)) 378 # (while (/= friday (mod a 7)) 379 # (setq a (1- a))) 380 # (while (/= friday (mod b 7)) 381 # (setq b (1+ b))) 382 # (setq a (1- a)) 383 # (setq b (1- b)) 384 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 385 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 386 # (insert 387 # (format 388 # (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n" 389 # "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n") 390 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 391 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 392 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 393 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 394 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 395 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 396 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 397 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 398 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 399 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 400 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 401 Rule Egypt 2014 max - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 402 Rule Egypt 2015 2019 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 403 Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jun 11 24:00 0 - 404 Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jul 23 24:00 1:00 S 405 Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jun 2 24:00 0 - 406 Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jul 7 24:00 1:00 S 407 Rule Egypt 2017 only - May 25 24:00 0 - 408 Rule Egypt 2017 only - Jun 29 24:00 1:00 S 409 Rule Egypt 2018 only - May 10 24:00 0 - 410 Rule Egypt 2018 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S 411 Rule Egypt 2019 only - May 2 24:00 0 - 412 Rule Egypt 2019 only - Jun 6 24:00 1:00 S 413 Rule Egypt 2020 only - May 28 24:00 1:00 S 414 Rule Egypt 2021 only - May 13 24:00 1:00 S 415 Rule Egypt 2022 only - May 5 24:00 1:00 S 416 Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 417 418 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 419 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 420 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 421 422 # Equatorial Guinea 423 # See Africa/Lagos. 424 425 # Eritrea 426 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 427 Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 428 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 429 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 430 3:00 - EAT 431 432 # Ethiopia 433 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31): 434 # Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a 435 # 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our 436 # 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic. 437 # 438 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time 439 # zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 440 # 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50 441 # was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong 442 # anyway. 443 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 444 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 445 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 446 3:00 - EAT 447 448 # Gabon 449 # See Africa/Lagos. 450 451 # Gambia 452 # See Africa/Abidjan. 453 454 # Ghana 455 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 456 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 457 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942; 458 # and September 1 to January 1 is given by: 459 # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book, 460 # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii. 461 # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942. 462 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 463 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 464 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 465 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 466 0:00 Ghana %s 467 468 # Guinea 469 # See Africa/Abidjan. 470 471 # Guinea-Bissau 472 # 473 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 474 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 475 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 476 # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01. 477 # 478 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 479 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 480 -1:00 - WAT 1975 481 0:00 - GMT 482 483 # Kenya 484 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 485 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 486 3:00 - EAT 1930 487 2:30 - BEAT 1940 488 2:45 - BEAUT 1960 489 3:00 - EAT 490 491 # Lesotho 492 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 493 Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 494 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 495 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 496 2:00 - SAST 497 498 # Liberia 499 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 500 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 501 # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 502 # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 503 # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 504 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 505 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 506 # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 507 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 508 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 509 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 510 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 511 0:00 - GMT 512 513 ############################################################################### 514 515 # Libya 516 517 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 518 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 519 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 520 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 521 # 522 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 523 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 524 # 525 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 526 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 527 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 528 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 529 # lastFri instead of lastSun). 530 531 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 532 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 533 # cancelled yesterday.... 534 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 535 # 536 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 537 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2. 538 539 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 540 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 541 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 542 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 543 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 544 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 545 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 546 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 547 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 548 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 549 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 550 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 551 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 552 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 553 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 554 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 555 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 556 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 557 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 558 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 559 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 560 2:00 - EET 1982 561 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 562 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 563 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 564 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 565 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 566 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 567 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 568 2:00 - EET 569 570 # Madagascar 571 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 572 Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 573 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 574 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 575 3:00 - EAT 576 577 # Malawi 578 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 579 Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 580 2:00 - CAT 581 582 # Mali 583 # Mauritania 584 # See Africa/Abidjan. 585 586 # Mauritius 587 588 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 589 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 590 # basis.... 591 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 592 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 593 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 594 595 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 596 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 597 598 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 599 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 600 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 601 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 602 603 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 604 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 605 606 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 607 # According to 608 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 609 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 610 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 611 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 612 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 613 # 614 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 615 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 616 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 617 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 618 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 619 # changes two days later. 620 621 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 622 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 623 # time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 624 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 625 # 626 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 627 # de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 628 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 629 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 630 631 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 632 # The Government of Mauritius weblink 633 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 634 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 635 # 636 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 637 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 638 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 639 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 640 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 641 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 642 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 643 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 644 # and end on 29 March 2009. 645 646 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 647 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 648 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 649 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 650 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 651 652 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 653 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 654 # DST the coming summer... 655 # 656 # Some sources, in French: 657 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 658 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 659 # 660 # Our wrap-up: 661 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 662 663 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 664 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 665 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 666 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 667 668 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 669 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 670 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 671 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 672 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 673 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 674 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 675 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 676 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez 677 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 678 679 # Mayotte 680 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 681 Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 682 3:00 - EAT 683 684 # Morocco 685 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 686 687 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 688 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 689 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 690 # 691 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 692 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 693 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 694 # 695 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 696 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 697 698 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 699 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 700 # Presse: 701 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 702 # 703 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 704 # spokesman. 705 706 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 707 # According to this article: 708 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 709 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 710 # the changes occur at midnight: 711 # 712 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 713 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 714 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight 715 # 716 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 717 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 718 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 719 # June 1st to Sept 27th. 720 # 721 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 722 # published on the web. 723 # 724 # It's also confirmed here: 725 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 726 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 727 # posted in English). 728 # 729 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 730 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 731 732 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 733 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 734 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 735 # of September: 736 # 737 # One article about it (in French): 738 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 739 # 740 # We have some further details posted here: 741 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 742 743 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 744 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 745 # to many sources, such as 746 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 747 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 748 # (French) 749 # 750 # Our summary: 751 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 752 753 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 754 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 755 # Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 756 # 757 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967) 758 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 759 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 760 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 761 # 762 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 763 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 764 765 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 766 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 767 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 768 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 769 # 770 # Example: 771 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 772 # (French) 773 # Our page: 774 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 775 776 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 777 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 778 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 779 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 780 # ...Official links of change in morocco 781 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 782 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 783 # +212.537.71.84.00 784 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 785 # They said that 786 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 787 # is the official publication to look at. 788 # They said that the decision was already taken. 789 # 790 # More articles in the press 791 # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 792 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 793 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 794 795 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 796 # They have it written in English here: 797 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 798 # 799 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 800 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 801 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 802 # also been like that in the past. 803 804 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 805 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 806 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: 807 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été 808 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 809 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 810 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 811 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 812 # except the month of Ramadan. 813 # or (brief) 814 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 815 816 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 817 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 818 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 819 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 820 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 821 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 822 823 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 824 # Seen Morocco change again: 825 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 826 # "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 827 # comme annoncé précédemment." 828 829 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 830 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 831 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 832 # 833 # Google translation, lightly edited: 834 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 835 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 836 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 837 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 838 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 839 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 840 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 841 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 842 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 843 844 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 845 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 846 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 847 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 848 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 849 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 850 851 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 852 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 853 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 854 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 855 856 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 857 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 858 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 859 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 860 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 861 # source (French): 862 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 863 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 864 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 865 866 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 867 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 868 869 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 870 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 871 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 872 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 873 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 874 875 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-05): 876 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2014's rules, 877 # and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last 878 # Saturday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after 879 # Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were 880 # determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the 881 # results integrated by hand into the table below. 882 # (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 883 # (while (< islamic-year 1460) 884 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 885 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 886 # (saturday 6)) 887 # (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 888 # (while (/= saturday (mod b 7)) 889 # (setq b (1+ b))) 890 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 891 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 892 # (insert 893 # (format 894 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 895 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 896 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 897 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 898 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 899 900 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 901 902 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 903 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 904 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 905 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 906 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 907 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 908 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 909 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 910 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 911 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 912 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 913 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 914 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 915 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 916 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 917 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 918 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 919 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 920 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 921 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 922 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 923 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 924 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 - 925 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 926 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 927 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 928 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 929 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 930 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 931 Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 932 Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 933 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 934 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S 935 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 13 3:00 0 - 936 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S 937 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 4 3:00 0 - 938 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 9 2:00 1:00 S 939 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 20 3:00 0 - 940 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 941 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 12 3:00 0 - 942 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 16 2:00 1:00 S 943 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 4 3:00 0 - 944 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 8 2:00 1:00 S 945 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 18 3:00 0 - 946 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 30 2:00 1:00 S 947 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 948 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 S 949 Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 2 3:00 0 - 950 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 7 2:00 1:00 S 951 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S 952 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 13 2:00 1:00 S 953 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S 954 Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 955 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 27 3:00 0 - 956 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 18 3:00 0 - 957 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 10 3:00 0 - 958 959 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 960 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 961 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 962 1:00 - CET 1986 963 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 964 965 # Western Sahara 966 # 967 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 968 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 969 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 970 # Morocco does. 971 # 972 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 973 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 974 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 975 976 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún 977 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 978 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 979 980 # Mozambique 981 # 982 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 983 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 984 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 985 # merely made it official? 986 # 987 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 988 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 989 2:00 - CAT 990 991 # Namibia 992 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 993 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 994 995 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 996 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 997 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 998 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 999 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1000 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1001 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1002 # of the country. 1003 # 1004 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 1005 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 1006 # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1007 1008 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1009 Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1010 Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 1011 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1012 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1013 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 1014 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1015 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1016 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1017 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 1018 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 1019 1020 # Niger 1021 # See Africa/Lagos. 1022 1023 # Nigeria 1024 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1025 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1026 1:00 - WAT 1027 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 1028 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 1029 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 1030 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 1031 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 1032 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 1033 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 1034 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 1035 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 1036 1037 # Réunion 1038 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1039 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1040 4:00 - RET # Réunion Time 1041 # 1042 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1043 # 1044 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. 1045 # The following information about them is taken from 1046 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1047 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1048 # We have no info about their time zone histories. 1049 # 1050 # Bassas da India - uninhabited 1051 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1052 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1053 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1054 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1055 1056 # Rwanda 1057 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1058 Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 1059 2:00 - CAT 1060 1061 # St Helena 1062 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1063 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1064 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1065 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1066 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1067 # on GMT, says the CIA 1068 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1069 1070 # São Tomé and Príncipe 1071 # Senegal 1072 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1073 1074 # Seychelles 1075 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1076 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1077 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 1078 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1079 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1080 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1081 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1082 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1083 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1084 1085 # Sierra Leone 1086 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1087 1088 # Somalia 1089 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1090 Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 1091 3:00 - EAT 1931 1092 2:30 - BEAT 1957 1093 3:00 - EAT 1094 1095 # South Africa 1096 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1097 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1098 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1099 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1100 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1101 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1102 2:00 SA SAST 1103 # Marion and Prince Edward Is 1104 # scientific station since 1947 1105 # no information 1106 1107 # Sudan 1108 # 1109 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1110 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1111 # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1112 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1113 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1114 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1115 # 1116 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1117 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1118 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1119 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1120 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1121 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1122 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1123 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1124 3:00 - EAT 1125 1126 # South Sudan 1127 Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba 1128 1129 # Swaziland 1130 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1131 Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 1132 2:00 - SAST 1133 1134 # Tanzania 1135 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1136 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 1137 3:00 - EAT 1948 1138 2:45 - BEAUT 1961 1139 3:00 - EAT 1140 1141 # Togo 1142 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1143 1144 # Tunisia 1145 1146 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1147 # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1148 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1149 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1150 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1151 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1152 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1153 # Saturday." (My translation) 1154 # 1155 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1156 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1157 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1158 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1159 # 1h standard time. 1160 # 1161 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1162 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1163 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1164 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1165 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1166 1167 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1168 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1169 # (Arabic) 1170 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1171 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1172 # 1173 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1174 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1175 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1176 1177 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1178 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1179 # 1180 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1181 # 1182 # (in English) 1183 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1184 # 1185 # (in Arabic) 1186 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1187 1188 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1189 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1190 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1191 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1192 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1193 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1194 1195 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1196 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1197 # 1198 # (translation): 1199 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1200 # Sunday... 1201 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1202 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1203 # 1204 # (in Arabic) 1205 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1206 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1207 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1208 1209 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1210 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1211 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1212 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1213 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1214 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1215 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1216 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1217 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1218 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1219 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1220 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1221 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1222 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1223 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1224 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1225 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1226 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1227 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1228 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1229 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1230 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1231 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1232 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1233 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1234 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1235 1236 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1237 # more precise 0:09:21. 1238 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1239 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1240 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1241 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1242 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1243 1244 # Uganda 1245 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1246 Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 1247 3:00 - EAT 1930 1248 2:30 - BEAT 1948 1249 2:45 - BEAUT 1957 1250 3:00 - EAT 1251 1252 # Zambia 1253 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1254 Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 1255 2:00 - CAT 1256 1257 # Zimbabwe 1258 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1259 Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 1260 2:00 - CAT