test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/northamerica

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  20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  22 # questions.
  23 #
  24 # <pre>
  25 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
  26 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
  27 
  28 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
  29 
  30 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
  31 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
  32 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).

  33 
  34 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
  35 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
  36 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
  37 
  38 ###############################################################################
  39 
  40 # United States
  41 
  42 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
  43 # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
  44 # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
  45 # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
  46 # His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
  47 # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
  48 # in New York City (1869-10).  His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
  49 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
  50 # His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
  51 # and the most of the country soon followed suit.
  52 


  65 # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
  66 # in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
  67 # of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
  68 # Not everyone is happy with the results:
  69 #
  70 #       I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
  71 #       agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
  72 #       daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
  73 #       I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
  74 #       valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen.  As an admirer
  75 #       of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
  76 #       reduce my time for enjoying it.  At the back of the Daylight Saving
  77 #       scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
  78 #       to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
  79 #       them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
  80 #
  81 #       -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
  82 #          Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
  83 #
  84 # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
  85 # Robert Garland's <a href="http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html">
  86 # Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
  87 # (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927)</a>.
  88 #
  89 # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
  90 # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
  91 # was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
  92 # time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
  93 
  94 # From Arthur David Olson:
  95 # US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
  96 # See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
  97 # and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
  98 
  99 # From Arthur David Olson:
 100 # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
 101 # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
 102 
 103 # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
 104 # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
 105 # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
 106 # An AltaVista search turned up
 107 # <a href="http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html">:
 108 # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
 109 # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.'  Peace is wonderful."
 110 # </a> (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
 111 
 112 # From Joseph Gallant citing
 113 # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
 114 # At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
 115 # to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
 116 # never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
 117 # CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
 118 # but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
 119 # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
 120 # London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
 121 
 122 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout.  From
 123 # Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
 124 #
 125 # ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
 126 # Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
 127 # wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
 128 # Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
 129 # typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
 130 # importance."


 188 # ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz.
 189 #    The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
 190 #    of the Aleutian islands.   No DST.
 191 
 192 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
 193 # The tables below use 'NST', not 'NT', for Nome Standard Time.
 194 # I invented 'CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
 195 
 196 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 197 # USA  EASTERN       5 H  BEHIND UTC    NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
 198 # USA  EASTERN       4 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 199 # USA  CENTRAL       6 H  BEHIND UTC    CHICAGO, HOUSTON
 200 # USA  CENTRAL       5 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 201 # USA  MOUNTAIN      7 H  BEHIND UTC    DENVER
 202 # USA  MOUNTAIN      6 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 203 # USA  PACIFIC       8 H  BEHIND UTC    L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
 204 # USA  PACIFIC       7 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 205 # USA  ALASKA STD    9 H  BEHIND UTC    MOST OF ALASKA     (AKST)
 206 # USA  ALASKA STD    8 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
 207 # USA  ALEUTIAN     10 H  BEHIND UTC    ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
 208 # USA  - " -         9 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 209 # USA  HAWAII       10 H  BEHIND UTC
 210 # USA  BERING       11 H  BEHIND UTC    SAMOA, MIDWAY
 211 
 212 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
 213 # The above dates are for 1988.
 214 # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
 215 # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
 216 # Aleutians.
 217 
 218 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 219 # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
 220 # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward.  First, names
 221 # up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
 222 # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
 223 #       (none)
 224 #       United States standard eastern time
 225 #       United States standard mountain time
 226 #       United States standard central time
 227 #       United States standard Pacific time
 228 #       (none)


 241 # And after 1983-11-30:
 242 #       Atlantic standard time
 243 #       eastern standard time
 244 #       central standard time
 245 #       mountain standard time
 246 #       Pacific standard time
 247 #       Alaska standard time
 248 #       Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
 249 #       Samoa standard time
 250 # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
 251 #
 252 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
 253 # Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced the abbreviation
 254 # "Chamorro Standard Time" for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.
 255 # See the file "australasia".
 256 
 257 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
 258 # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
 259 #
 260 # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
 261 #   (a) Amendment- Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
 262 #   U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
 263 #     (1) by striking 'first Sunday of April' and inserting 'second
 264 #     Sunday of March'; and
 265 #     (2) by striking 'last Sunday of October' and inserting 'first
 266 #     Sunday of November'.
 267 #   (b) Effective Date- Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
 268 #   date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
 269 #   (c) Report to Congress- Not later than 9 months after the effective
 270 #   date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
 271 #   on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
 272 #   States.
 273 #   (d) Right to Revert- Congress retains the right to revert the
 274 #   Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
 275 #   Department study is complete.
 276 
 277 # US eastern time, represented by New York
 278 
 279 # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
 280 # Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
 281 # (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
 282 # New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
 283 # Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
 284 # Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
 285 
 286 # From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
 287 # Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
 288 # Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
 289 # One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
 290 # and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
 291 # reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
 292 
 293 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
 294 # According to today's Huntsville Times
 295 # <http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1>
 296 # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
 297 # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
 298 # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time."  It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
 299 # Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
 300 # time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
 301 # in Columbus."
 302 
 303 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 304 Rule    NYC     1920    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 305 Rule    NYC     1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 306 Rule    NYC     1921    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 307 Rule    NYC     1921    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 308 Rule    NYC     1955    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 309 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 310 Zone America/New_York   -4:56:02 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
 311                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1920
 312                         -5:00   NYC     E%sT    1942
 313                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1946
 314                         -5:00   NYC     E%sT    1967
 315                         -5:00   US      E%sT


 338 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2007/data/acts/07Act3.pdf
 339 
 340 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 341 Rule    Chicago 1920    only    -       Jun     13      2:00    1:00    D
 342 Rule    Chicago 1920    1921    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 343 Rule    Chicago 1921    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 344 Rule    Chicago 1922    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 345 Rule    Chicago 1922    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 346 Rule    Chicago 1955    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 347 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 348 Zone America/Chicago    -5:50:36 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
 349                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1920
 350                         -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1936 Mar  1 2:00
 351                         -5:00   -       EST     1936 Nov 15 2:00
 352                         -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1942
 353                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 354                         -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1967
 355                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 356 # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
 357 Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
 358                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1992 Oct 25 02:00
 359                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 360 # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
 361 # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
 362 # See <http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p63/135818.pdf>.
 363 # Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
 364 # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
 365 # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
 366 # See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>.
 367 Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
 368                         -7:00   US      M%sT    2003 Oct 26 02:00
 369                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 370 
 371 # From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
 372 # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
 373 # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
 374 # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
 375 # <a href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm">
 376 # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
 377 # </a>
 378 # <a href="http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html">
 379 # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
 380 # </a>
 381 
 382 # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
 383 # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
 384 # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
 385 # largest city in Mercer County).  Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
 386 # at 4715'51" north, 10146'40" west, which yields an offset of 6h47'07".

 387 
 388 Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
 389                         -7:00   US      M%sT    2010 Nov  7 2:00
 390                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 391 
 392 # US mountain time, represented by Denver
 393 #
 394 # Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
 395 # Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
 396 # New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
 397 # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
 398 # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
 399 #
 400 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 401 Rule    Denver  1920    1921    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 402 Rule    Denver  1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 403 Rule    Denver  1921    only    -       May     22      2:00    0       S
 404 Rule    Denver  1965    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 405 Rule    Denver  1965    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 406 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]


 431                         -8:00   CA      P%sT    1967
 432                         -8:00   US      P%sT
 433 
 434 # Alaska
 435 # AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
 436 #
 437 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
 438 # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
 439 # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
 440 # This was on 1867-10-18, a Friday; the previous day was 1867-10-06 Julian,
 441 # also a Friday.  Include only the time zone part of this transition,
 442 # ignoring the switch from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent
 443 # the Julian calendar.
 444 #
 445 # As far as we know, none of the exact locations mentioned below were
 446 # permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
 447 # (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement
 448 # was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.)  However, there
 449 # were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
 450 # it's best to simply use the official transition.
 451 #
 452 
 453 # From Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31):
 454 # The author lives in Alaska and many of the references listed are only
 455 # available to Alaskan residents.
 456 #
 457 # <a href="http://www.alaskahistoricalsociety.org/index.cfm?section=discover%20alaska&page=Glimpses%20of%20the%20Past&viewpost=2&ContentId=98">
 458 # http://www.alaskahistoricalsociety.org/index.cfm?section=discover%20alaska&page=Glimpses%20of%20the%20Past&viewpost=2&ContentId=98
 459 # </a>




 460 
 461 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
 462 # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
 463 #
 464 # On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
 465 # 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
 466 # Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
 467 # Pacific Time.
 468 #
 469 # ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
 470 # Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
 471 # northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
 472 #
 473 # On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
 474 # unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
 475 #
 476 # According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
 477 # bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
 478 #
 479 # (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
 480 # Nation.)
 481 
 482 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
 483 # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
 484 # Community office (using contact information available at
 485 # <a href="http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla">
 486 # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
 487 # </a>).
 488 # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
 489 # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
 490 # that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no--they were on their
 491 # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
 492 # did not inquire about practices in the past.
 493 
 494 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
 495 # For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
 496 # abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
 497 
 498 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 499 Zone America/Juneau      15:02:19 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 500                          -8:57:41 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 501                          -8:00  -       PST     1942
 502                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 503                          -8:00  -       PST     1969
 504                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1980 Apr 27 2:00
 505                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1980 Oct 26 2:00
 506                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30 2:00
 507                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 508                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 509 Zone America/Sitka       14:58:47 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 510                          -9:01:13 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 511                          -8:00  -       PST     1942
 512                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 513                          -8:00  -       PST     1969
 514                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30 2:00
 515                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 516                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 517 Zone America/Metlakatla  15:13:42 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 518                          -8:46:18 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 519                          -8:00  -       PST     1942
 520                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 521                          -8:00  -       PST     1969
 522                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30 2:00
 523                          -8:00  -       MeST
 524 Zone America/Yakutat     14:41:05 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 525                          -9:18:55 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 526                          -9:00  -       YST     1942
 527                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1946
 528                          -9:00  -       YST     1969
 529                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 530                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 531 Zone America/Anchorage   14:00:24 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 532                          -9:59:36 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 533                         -10:00  -       CAT     1942
 534                         -10:00  US      CAT/CAWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
 535                         -10:00  US      CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
 536                         -10:00  -       CAT     1967 Apr
 537                         -10:00  -       AHST    1969
 538                         -10:00  US      AH%sT   1983 Oct 30 2:00
 539                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 540                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 541 Zone America/Nome        12:58:21 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 542                         -11:01:38 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 543                         -11:00  -       NST     1942


 566 # In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
 567 # Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
 568 # suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
 569 # possibly until 1983:
 570 #
 571 #  Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
 572 #  "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
 573 #  location not on Alaska Standard Time.  The following resolution was
 574 #  made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson:  Be it
 575 #  resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
 576 #  Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
 577 #  January 14, Alaska Standard Time.)  This resolution was passed with
 578 #  three votes for and one against."
 579 
 580 # Hawaii
 581 
 582 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
 583 # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
 584 # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
 585 # the article is available at
 586 # <a href="http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf">
 587 # http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
 588 # </a>
 589 # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
 590 # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
 591 # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
 592 # last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
 593 # act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
 594 # from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
 595 # when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
 596 # effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
 597 # day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
 598 # cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
 599 # and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
 600 
 601 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
 602 # The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
 603 # Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
 604 # 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
 605 # 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
 606 # year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
 607 # hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
 608 # day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
 609 # Hawaii." Page 172:  "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
 610 # hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
 611 # which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
 612 # that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
 613 # Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
 614 # of the Territory of Hawaii."
 615 #
 616 # Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
 617 # We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
 618 
 619 Zone Pacific/Honolulu   -10:31:26 -     LMT     1896 Jan 13 12:00 #Schmitt&Cox
 620                         -10:30  -       HST     1933 Apr 30 2:00 #Laws 1933
 621                         -10:30  1:00    HDT     1933 May 21 12:00 #Laws 1933+12
 622                         -10:30  -       HST     1942 Feb 09 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
 623                         -10:30  1:00    HDT     1945 Sep 30 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
 624                         -10:30  -       HST     1947 Jun  8 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2

 625                         -10:00  -       HST
 626 
 627 Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
 628 
 629 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
 630 
 631 # Arizona mostly uses MST.
 632 
 633 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
 634 #
 635 # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
 636 # <a href="http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm">
 637 # Daylight Saving Time web page (2002-01-23)</a> maintained by the
 638 # Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
 639 # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
 640 # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
 641 # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
 642 # observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time.  The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
 643 # Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
 644 # the date the state's clocks would change.  In 1945 the State of
 645 # Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
 646 # mandated by federal law.  Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
 647 # Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
 648 #
 649 # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
 650 # Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
 651 

 652 Zone America/Phoenix    -7:28:18 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
 653                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1944 Jan  1 00:01
 654                         -7:00   -       MST     1944 Apr  1 00:01
 655                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1944 Oct  1 00:01
 656                         -7:00   -       MST     1967
 657                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1968 Mar 21
 658                         -7:00   -       MST
 659 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 660 # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
 661 # notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
 662 # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
 663 # large size and location in three states."  (The "only" means that other
 664 # tribal nations don't use DST.)
 665 #
 666 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26):
 667 # See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation.
 668 
 669 # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
 670 # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
 671 # Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
 672 # Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
 673 # Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
 674 # quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
 675 # switched four weeks late in 1974.
 676 #
 677 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 678 Zone America/Boise      -7:44:49 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
 679                         -8:00   US      P%sT    1923 May 13 2:00
 680                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1974
 681                         -7:00   -       MST     1974 Feb  3 2:00
 682                         -7:00   US      M%sT
 683 
 684 # Indiana
 685 #
 686 # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
 687 # <a href="http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html">
 688 # What time is it in Indiana?
 689 # </a> (2006-03-01)
 690 #
 691 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 692 # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
 693 # with the following exceptions:
 694 #
 695 # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 696 #   Vandenburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
 697 #
 698 # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
 699 #
 700 # - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
 701 #   America/Kentucky/Louisville.
 702 #
 703 # - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
 704 #   and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
 705 #
 706 # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
 707 # and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information."
 708 # Those Hoosiers!  Such a flighty and changeable people!
 709 # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
 710 #
 711 # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
 712 # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
 713 # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
 714 
 715 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
 716 # http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html says that Indiana will use DST starting 2006.
 717 
 718 # From Nathan Stratton Treadway (2006-03-30):
 719 # http://www.dot.gov/affairs/dot0406.htm [3705 B]
 720 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2006-01-18):
 721 # http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/pdf95/382329_web.pdf [2.9 MB]
 722 # From Paul Eggert (2006-01-20):
 723 # It says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
 724 # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
 725 # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
 726 # this rule is 2:OO a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
 727 # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
 728 # Strictly speaking, this means the affected counties will change their
 729 # clocks twice that night, but this obviously is in error.  The intent
 730 # is that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
 731 
 732 # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
 733 # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
 734 # going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
 735 # http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
 736 
 737 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 738 Rule Indianapolis 1941  only    -       Jun     22      2:00    1:00    D
 739 Rule Indianapolis 1941  1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 740 Rule Indianapolis 1946  1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 741 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 742 Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
 743                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1920
 744                         -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
 745                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 746                         -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24 2:00
 747                         -5:00   -       EST     1957 Sep 29 2:00
 748                         -6:00   -       CST     1958 Apr 27 2:00
 749                         -5:00   -       EST     1969
 750                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1971


 882 Rule Louisville 1921    only    -       May     1       2:00    1:00    D
 883 Rule Louisville 1921    only    -       Sep     1       2:00    0       S
 884 Rule Louisville 1941    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 885 Rule Louisville 1941    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 886 Rule Louisville 1946    only    -       Jun     2       2:00    0       S
 887 Rule Louisville 1950    1955    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 888 Rule Louisville 1956    1960    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 889 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 890 Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 -     LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
 891                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1921
 892                         -6:00 Louisville C%sT   1942
 893                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 894                         -6:00 Louisville C%sT   1961 Jul 23 2:00
 895                         -5:00   -       EST     1968
 896                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1974 Jan  6 2:00
 897                         -6:00   1:00    CDT     1974 Oct 27 2:00
 898                         -5:00   US      E%sT
 899 #
 900 # Wayne County, Kentucky
 901 #
 902 # From
 903 # <a href="http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml">
 904 # Lake Cumberland LIFE
 905 # </a> (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
 906 # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
 907 # the Central to the Eastern time zone....  The Wayne County government made
 908 # the same request in December.  And while Russell County officials have not
 909 # taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
 910 # August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
 911 # The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
 912 # location in the Central time zone.
 913 #
 914 # From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
 915 # After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
 916 # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
 917 # (-0500) time.  They won't "fall back" this year.  See Sara Shipley,
 918 # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
 919 #
 920 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
 921 # The final rule was published in the
 922 # <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22">
 923 # Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), page 50154-50158.
 924 # </a>
 925 #
 926 Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
 927                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 928                         -6:00   -       CST     1968
 929                         -6:00   US      C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
 930                         -5:00   US      E%sT
 931 
 932 
 933 # From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
 934 # Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
 935 # Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
 936 #       previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
 937 # Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
 938 # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
 939 # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
 940 # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
 941 #
 942 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
 943 # We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
 944 # so omit that change for now.
 945 # See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
 946 # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
 947 # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
 948 # 1999-10-31.  See the
 949 # <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15">
 950 # Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), page 56705-56707.
 951 # </a>
 952 # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
 953 # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
 954 # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
 955 
 956 # Michigan
 957 #
 958 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 959 # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
 960 #
 961 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
 962 # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
 963 # but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
 964 # that Detroit kept
 965 #
 966 #       local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
 967 #       be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time.  Half the
 968 #       city obeyed, half refused.  After considerable debate, the decision
 969 #       was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time.  A derisive offer to
 970 #       erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
 971 #       Committee on Sewers.  Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted


1025 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1026 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
1027 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
1028 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
1029 #
1030 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
1031 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
1032 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
1033 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
1034 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
1035 #
1036 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
1037 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
1038 #
1039 # Other sources occasionally used include:
1040 #
1041 #       Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
1042 #       Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
1043 #       which I found in the UCLA library.
1044 #
1045 #       <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
1046 #       William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
1047 #       </a> (1914-03)

1048 #
1049 #       Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
1050 #       <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
1051 #
1052 # See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
1053 
1054 # Canada
1055 
1056 # From Alain LaBont<e'> (1994-11-14):
1057 # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
1058 # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
1059 #
1060 #       UTC     Standard time   Daylight savings time
1061 #       offset  French  English French  English
1062 #       -2:30   -       -       HAT     NDT
1063 #       -3      -       -       HAA     ADT
1064 #       -3:30   HNT     NST     -       -
1065 #       -4      HNA     AST     HAE     EDT
1066 #       -5      HNE     EST     HAC     CDT
1067 #       -6      HNC     CST     HAR     MDT
1068 #       -7      HNR     MST     HAP     PDT
1069 #       -8      HNP     PST     HAY     YDT
1070 #       -9      HNY     YST     -       -
1071 #
1072 #       HN: Heure Normale       ST: Standard Time
1073 #       HA: Heure Avanc<e'>e      DT: Daylight saving Time
1074 #
1075 #       A: de l'Atlantique      Atlantic
1076 #       C: du Centre            Central
1077 #       E: de l'Est             Eastern
1078 #       M:                      Mountain
1079 #       N:                      Newfoundland
1080 #       P: du Pacifique         Pacific
1081 #       R: des Rocheuses
1082 #       T: de Terre-Neuve
1083 #       Y: du Yukon             Yukon
1084 #
1085 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
1086 # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
1087 
1088 # Unless otherwise specified, the data for Canada are all from Shanks
1089 # & Pottenger.
1090 
1091 # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
1092 # 2007-03-01):
1093 # The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
1094 # adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
1095 # U.S. and the rest of Canada....
1096 # http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
1097 # ...
1098 # Nova Scotia
1099 # Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
1100 # http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
1101 #
1102 # [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
1103 # be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
1104 # http://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
1105 # ...
1106 # Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
1107 # As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
1108 # http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php


1117 # ...
1118 # Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
1119 # http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
1120 # ...
1121 # Yukon
1122 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
1123 # ...
1124 # N.W.T. will follow US rules.  Whoever maintains the government web site
1125 # does not seem to believe in bookmarks.  To see the news release, click the
1126 # following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change".  Press the
1127 # "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
1128 # JavaScript.
1129 # http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
1130 # ...
1131 # Nunavut
1132 # An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
1133 # http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
1134 
1135 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
1136 # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
1137 # <a href="http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp">
1138 # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
1139 # </a> contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard

1140 # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
1141 #
1142 # INMS, the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, has <a
1143 # href="http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/time_services/daylight_saving_e.php">
1144 # information about standard and daylight saving time zones in Canada.
1145 # </a> (updated periodically).

1146 # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
1147 
1148 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
1149 # For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
1150 # new US DST rules,
1151 
1152 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
1153 # In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
1154 # <a href="http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260">
1155 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1156 # </a>
1157 # she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
1158 # The quote includes these two statements:
1159 # 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
1160 # '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,'
1161 # These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time
1162 # that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918.  This transition was
1163 # also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star.
1164 
1165 # In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed
1166 # Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
1167 # than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.
1168 
1169 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1170 Rule    Canada  1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1171 Rule    Canada  1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1172 Rule    Canada  1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1173 Rule    Canada  1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1174 Rule    Canada  1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
1175 Rule    Canada  1974    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1176 Rule    Canada  1974    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S


1204 # 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
1205 # but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
1206 # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
1207 # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1208 Rule    StJohns 1946    1950    -       May     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
1209 Rule    StJohns 1946    1950    -       Oct     Sun>=2       2:00    0       S
1210 Rule    StJohns 1951    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1211 Rule    StJohns 1951    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1212 Rule    StJohns 1960    1986    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1213 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1214 # INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
1215 # at 00:01 local time.  For now, assume it started in 1987.
1216 
1217 # From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12):
1218 # We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the
1219 # changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed.
1220 # The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings
1221 # Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
1222 # now occurs at 2:00AM.
1223 # ...
1224 # <a href="http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm">
1225 # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
1226 # </a>
1227 # ...
1228 # MICHAEL PELLEY  |  Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
1229 # Office of the Chief Information Officer
1230 # Executive Council
1231 # Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
1232 
1233 Rule    StJohns 1987    only    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:01    1:00    D
1234 Rule    StJohns 1987    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:01    0       S
1235 Rule    StJohns 1988    only    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:01    2:00    DD
1236 Rule    StJohns 1989    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:01    1:00    D
1237 Rule    StJohns 2007    2011    -       Mar     Sun>=8       0:01    1:00    D
1238 Rule    StJohns 2007    2010    -       Nov     Sun>=1       0:01    0       S
1239 #
1240 # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
1241 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1242 Zone America/St_Johns   -3:30:52 -      LMT     1884
1243                         -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT   1918
1244                         -3:30:52 Canada N%sT    1919
1245                         -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT   1935 Mar 30
1246                         -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1942 May 11


1362                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1946
1363                         -4:00   Moncton A%sT    1973
1364                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1993
1365                         -4:00   Moncton A%sT    2007
1366                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1367 
1368 # Quebec
1369 
1370 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-30):
1371 # Since 1970 most of Quebec has been like Toronto.
1372 # However, because earlier versions of the tz database mistakenly relied on data
1373 # from Shanks & Pottenger saying that Quebec differed from Ontario after 1970,
1374 # a separate entry was created for most of Quebec.  We're loath to lose
1375 # its pre-1970 info, even though the tz database is normally limited to
1376 # zones that differ after 1970, so keep this otherwise out-of-scope entry.
1377 
1378 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
1379 # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
1380 # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
1381 # The Quebec department of justice writes in
1382 # "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Cote-Nord"
1383 # http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
1384 # that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
1385 # observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
1386 # http://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_8845en
1387 # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
1388 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
1389 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
1390 # for post-1970 data America/Puerto_Rico.
1391 
1392 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1393 Rule    Mont    1917    only    -       Mar     25      2:00    1:00    D
1394 Rule    Mont    1917    only    -       Apr     24      0:00    0       S
1395 Rule    Mont    1919    only    -       Mar     31      2:30    1:00    D
1396 Rule    Mont    1919    only    -       Oct     25      2:30    0       S
1397 Rule    Mont    1920    only    -       May      2      2:30    1:00    D
1398 Rule    Mont    1920    1922    -       Oct     Sun>=1       2:30    0       S
1399 Rule    Mont    1921    only    -       May      1      2:00    1:00    D
1400 Rule    Mont    1922    only    -       Apr     30      2:00    1:00    D
1401 Rule    Mont    1924    only    -       May     17      2:00    1:00    D
1402 Rule    Mont    1924    1926    -       Sep     lastSun 2:30    0       S
1403 Rule    Mont    1925    1926    -       May     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
1404 # The 1927-to-1937 rules can be expressed more simply as
1405 # Rule  Mont    1927    1937    -       Apr     lastSat 24:00   1:00    D
1406 # Rule  Mont    1927    1937    -       Sep     lastSat 24:00   0       S
1407 # The rules below avoid use of 24:00
1408 # (which pre-1998 versions of zic cannot handle).
1409 Rule    Mont    1927    only    -       May     1       0:00    1:00    D
1410 Rule    Mont    1927    1932    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
1411 Rule    Mont    1928    1931    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
1412 Rule    Mont    1932    only    -       May     1       0:00    1:00    D
1413 Rule    Mont    1933    1940    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
1414 Rule    Mont    1933    only    -       Oct     1       0:00    0       S
1415 Rule    Mont    1934    1939    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
1416 Rule    Mont    1946    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1417 Rule    Mont    1945    1948    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1418 Rule    Mont    1949    1950    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1419 Rule    Mont    1951    1956    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1420 Rule    Mont    1957    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1421 
1422 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1423 Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 -    LMT     1884
1424                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1970
1425                         -4:00   -       AST
1426 Zone America/Montreal   -4:54:16 -      LMT     1884
1427                         -5:00   Mont    E%sT    1918
1428                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1919
1429                         -5:00   Mont    E%sT    1942 Feb  9 2:00s
1430                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1946
1431                         -5:00   Mont    E%sT    1974
1432                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT
1433 
1434 # Ontario
1435 
1436 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1437 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1438 # Toronto.
1439 # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1440 # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1441 # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1442 # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
1443 
1444 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1445 # [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
1446 # effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
1447 # Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
1448 # have already done so.  In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
1449 # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
1450 # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
1451 # only two weeks -- I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
1452 # presumably that should be -07-06.  (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
1453 # earlier in June).
1454 #
1455 # Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
1456 
1457 # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
1458 # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
1459 # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
1460 # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
1461 # He also writes that the
1462 # <a href="http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html">
1463 # Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
1464 # </a>
1465 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
1466 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
1467 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
1468 #
1469 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1470 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
1471 # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
1472 # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
1473 # violation of the official Ontario rules.
1474 #
1475 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1476 # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
1477 # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
1478 #
1479 #       The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
1480 #       This means they spend about half the time on central time and
1481 #       the other half on eastern time.
1482 #
1483 #       For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
1484 #


1523 #
1524 #     The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
1525 #     except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
1526 #
1527 # Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
1528 #
1529 # I only came across this incidentally.  I don't know if Windsor began
1530 # observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
1531 #
1532 # By the way, the article continues by noting that:
1533 #
1534 #     Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
1535 #     three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
1536 
1537 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
1538 #
1539 # "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
1540 # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
1541 # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
1542 # was available at
1543 # <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S">
1544 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
1545 # </a>
1546 #
1547 # It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
1548 #
1549 #   A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
1550 # require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
1551 # the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
1552 # and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
1553 # ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
1554 # for the other provinces only approximate:
1555 #
1556 #       Province        Daylight saving time used
1557 # Prince Edward Island  Not used.
1558 # Nova Scotia           In Halifax only.
1559 # New Brunswick         In St. John only.
1560 # Quebec                In the following places:
1561 #                       Montreal        Lachine
1562 #                       Quebec          Mont-Royal
1563 #                       Levis           Iberville
1564 #                       St. Lambert     Cap de la Madeleine
1565 #                       Verdun          Loretteville
1566 #                       Westmount       Richmond
1567 #                       Outremont       St. Jerome
1568 #                       Longueuil       Greenfield Park
1569 #                       Arvida          Waterloo
1570 #                       Chambly-Canton  Beaulieu
1571 #                       Melbourne       La Tuque
1572 #                       St. Theophile   Buckingham
1573 # Ontario               Used generally in the cities and towns along
1574 #                       the southerly part of the province. Not
1575 #                       used in the northwesterlhy part.
1576 # Manitoba              Not used.
1577 # Saskatchewan          In Regina only.
1578 # Alberta               Not used.
1579 # British Columbia      Not used.
1580 #
1581 #   With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
1582 # to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
1583 
1584 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1585 Rule    Toronto 1919    only    -       Mar     30      23:30   1:00    D
1586 Rule    Toronto 1919    only    -       Oct     26      0:00    0       S
1587 Rule    Toronto 1920    only    -       May      2      2:00    1:00    D
1588 Rule    Toronto 1920    only    -       Sep     26      0:00    0       S
1589 Rule    Toronto 1921    only    -       May     15      2:00    1:00    D
1590 Rule    Toronto 1921    only    -       Sep     15      2:00    0       S
1591 Rule    Toronto 1922    1923    -       May     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
1592 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
1593 # was meant.
1594 Rule    Toronto 1922    1926    -       Sep     Sun>=15      2:00    0       S
1595 Rule    Toronto 1924    1927    -       May     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D


1659 Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 -     LMT     1895
1660                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1940 Sep 29
1661                         -6:00   1:00    CDT     1942 Feb  9 2:00s
1662                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT
1663 Zone America/Atikokan   -6:06:28 -      LMT     1895
1664                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1940 Sep 29
1665                         -6:00   1:00    CDT     1942 Feb  9 2:00s
1666                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1945 Sep 30 2:00
1667                         -5:00   -       EST
1668 
1669 
1670 # Manitoba
1671 
1672 # From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
1673 # the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
1674 # March 27, 1987 ... said ...
1675 # "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
1676 # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
1677 # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
1678 # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
1679 # I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had =
1680 # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
1681 # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
1682 # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
1683 # the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
1684 # Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
1685 
1686 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
1687 # Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
1688 # starting 1966.  Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
1689 # it was also 02:00s in 1966.
1690 
1691 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1692 Rule    Winn    1916    only    -       Apr     23      0:00    1:00    D
1693 Rule    Winn    1916    only    -       Sep     17      0:00    0       S
1694 Rule    Winn    1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1695 Rule    Winn    1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1696 Rule    Winn    1937    only    -       May     16      2:00    1:00    D
1697 Rule    Winn    1937    only    -       Sep     26      2:00    0       S
1698 Rule    Winn    1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1699 Rule    Winn    1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace


1837 # British Columbia
1838 
1839 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1840 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
1841 # been like Vancouver.
1842 # Dawson Creek uses MST.  Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
1843 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
1844 
1845 # It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
1846 
1847 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
1848 # There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
1849 # that do not currently observe daylight saving:
1850 # a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
1851 # b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
1852 # (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
1853 
1854 # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
1855 # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
1856 # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
1857 # <a href="http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260">
1858 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1859 # </a>
1860 # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
1861 # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UTC-7 for 93 years.
1862 # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
1863 
1864 # Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
1865 # unknown and will be difficult to ascertain.  I e-mailed Tammy a few months
1866 # ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess.  She said it was just
1867 # as plausible as any other date (in June).  She also said that after writing the
1868 # article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the subject
1869 # of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
1870 # <a href="http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56">
1871 # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
1872 # </a>
1873 
1874 # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
1875 # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
1876 # Exact date unknown
1877 # 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
1878 # Exact date in October unknown;  Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
1879 # 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
1880 # Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
1881 # note#1:
1882 # On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
1883 # Creston did not change its clocks.
1884 # note#2:
1885 # During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
1886 # Creston did not oblige.
1887 # note#3:
1888 # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
1889 # (UTC-7) forever.
1890 # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
1891 # <a href="http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html">
1892 # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
1893 # </a>
1894 
1895 # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
1896 # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
1897 # summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
1898 # the change.  It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
1899 # period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
1900 # (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
1901 
1902 # The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
1903 
1904 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1905 Rule    Vanc    1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1906 Rule    Vanc    1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1907 Rule    Vanc    1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1908 Rule    Vanc    1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1909 Rule    Vanc    1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
1910 Rule    Vanc    1946    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1911 Rule    Vanc    1946    only    -       Oct     13      2:00    0       S
1912 Rule    Vanc    1947    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1913 Rule    Vanc    1962    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S


1927 # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
1928 
1929 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1930 # Dawson switched to PST in 1973.  Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
1931 # Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
1932 #       * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
1933 #       c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9.  This is still valid;
1934 #       see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
1935 #       * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
1936 #       * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
1937 #       * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
1938 # Shanks & Pottenger say Yukon's 1973-10-28 switch was at 2:00; go
1939 # with Englander.
1940 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1941 # Here is a link to the old daylight saving portion of the interpretation
1942 # act which was last updated in 1987:
1943 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic1987_056.pdf
1944 
1945 # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
1946 # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
1947 # <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html">
1948 # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
1949 # </a>
1950 #
1951 # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
1952 # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
1953 # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
1954 
1955 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1956 # <a href="http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html">
1957 # Basic Facts: The New Territory
1958 # </a> (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,

1959 # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST.  We don't know when
1960 # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
1961 
1962 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1963 # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
1964 # Pangnirtung wobbled.  Here is the result of their wobble:
1965 #
1966 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
1967 #
1968 #       First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
1969 #       Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
1970 #
1971 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
1972 #
1973 #       Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
1974 #
1975 # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
1976 # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
1977 # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
1978 # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
1979 # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
1980 # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
1981 # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
1982 # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
1983 # the current state of affairs.
1984 
1985 # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
1986 # <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html">
1987 # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19)</a>:
1988 # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
1989 # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
1990 # for municipal offices and schools....  Igloolik [was similar but then]
1991 # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
1992 
1993 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1994 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
1995 # for these potential new Zones.
1996 #
1997 # The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
1998 # handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
1999 # zone] skip daylight savings.  Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
2000 # Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
2001 # Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
2002 # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
2003 # required to use daylight savings.
2004 
2005 # From
2006 # <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html">
2007 # Nunavut now has two time zones
2008 # </a> (2000-11-10):
2009 # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
2010 # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
2011 # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
2012 # At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
2013 # Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
2014 # the rest of the territory for the winter.  Cambridge Bay remained on
2015 # central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
2016 # mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
2017 # unified time zone in 1999.
2018 #
2019 # From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
2020 # The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
2021 
2022 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
2023 # Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
2024 
2025 # From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
2026 # The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
2027 # that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
2028 # back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern).  Of the


2079 # phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature
2080 # of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of
2081 # information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of
2082 # Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for
2083 # Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived
2084 # and worked in Resolute Bay...
2085 #
2086 # On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that
2087 # Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of
2088 # 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead
2089 # on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay
2090 # had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not
2091 # tell me when the practice had stopped.
2092 #
2093 # On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of
2094 # somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went
2095 # off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz
2096 # used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
2097 # businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
2098 # Aziz:
2099 # <a href="http://www.uphere.ca/node/493">
2100 # http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
2101 # </a>
2102 #
2103 # I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
2104 # Eastern Standard Time.
2105 #
2106 # Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the
2107 # 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way
2108 # of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in
2109 # the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs"
2110 #
2111 # This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008.
2112 #
2113 # I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz
2114 # responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You
2115 # may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a
2116 # search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site"
2117 #
2118 # If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would
2119 # never have contacted her.  I now believe that all the information I
2120 # obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
2121 # I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.


2171                         -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
2172                         -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT    1980
2173                         -7:00   Canada  M%sT
2174 Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 -      LMT     1900 Aug 20
2175                         -9:00   NT_YK   Y%sT    1966 Jul 1 2:00
2176                         -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1980
2177                         -8:00   Canada  P%sT
2178 Zone America/Dawson     -9:17:40 -      LMT     1900 Aug 20
2179                         -9:00   NT_YK   Y%sT    1973 Oct 28 0:00
2180                         -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1980
2181                         -8:00   Canada  P%sT
2182 
2183 
2184 ###############################################################################
2185 
2186 # Mexico
2187 
2188 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
2189 # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
2190 # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
2191 # <a href="http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/">
2192 # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
2193 # </a>.
2194 #
2195 # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
2196 # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
2197 # S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
2198 # S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
2199 # S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
2200 # S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
2201 
2202 # From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
2203 # There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
2204 # tz database.  I think they can best be explained by supposing that
2205 # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
2206 # the relevant documents.
2207 
2208 # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
2209 # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
2210 # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
2211 #
2212 # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
2213 #


2218 #    - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
2219 #    - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
2220 #    - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
2221 #
2222 # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
2223 #    at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
2224 #    BajaNorte: GMT+7
2225 #    BajaSur:   GMT+6
2226 #    General:   GMT+5
2227 #
2228 # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
2229 #    BajaNorte: GMT+8
2230 #    BajaSur:   GMT+7
2231 #    General:   GMT+6
2232 #
2233 # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
2234 #
2235 # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
2236 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
2237 # For an English translation of the decree, see
2238 # <a href="http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html">
2239 # "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
2240 # </a>
2241 
2242 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
2243 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
2244 # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
2245 
2246 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
2247 # Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
2248 # zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
2249 # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
2250 # Arizona year round.
2251 
2252 # From Jesper Norgaard, translating
2253 # <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
2254 # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
2255 # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
2256 # year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
2257 # whole year.
2258 
2259 # From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
2260 # <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says
2261 # (translated):...
2262 # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
2263 # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
2264 # this year....
2265 # <http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001>
2266 # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
2267 # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
2268 
2269 # From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
2270 # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
2271 # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
2272 # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
2273 # ... Mexico City Mayor Lopez Obrador "...is threatening to keep
2274 # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
2275 # the rest of the country..." In particular, Lopez Obrador would abolish
2276 # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
2277 
2278 # <a href="http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre">
2279 # Official statute published by the Energy Department
2280 # </a> (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
2281 # and Sonora with no DST.  This was reported by Jesper Norgaard (2001-02-03).

2282 
2283 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
2284 #
2285 # <a href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html">
2286 # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
2287 # </a>
2288 # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
2289 # * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador decreed that
2290 #   the Federal District will not adopt DST.
2291 # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
2292 # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
2293 #   the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
2294 #
2295 # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
2296 
2297 # From Jesper Norgaard (2001-04-01):
2298 # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
2299 # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
2300 # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
2301 # saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
2302 # (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
2303 # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
2304 # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
2305 # September 30, 2001.
2306 # References: "Diario de Monterrey" <www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
2307 # Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31)
2308 
2309 # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
2310 # Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
2311 # unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
2312 # capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
2313 # next year....  The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
2314 # a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
2315 # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
2316 # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
2317 
2318 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
2319 # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
2320 # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
2321 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
2322 # confirms this.  Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
2323 
2324 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
2325 #
2326 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2327 # > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
2328 # > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
2329 # > the United States.
2330 # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
2331 # 2010, some border regions will be the same:
2332 # <a href="http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/">
2333 # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
2334 # </a>
2335 # <a href="http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939">
2336 # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
2337 # </a>
2338 # (Spanish)
2339 #
2340 # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
2341 # <a href="http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf">
2342 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
2343 # </a>
2344 # (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
2345 #
2346 # There is also a list of the votes here:
2347 # <a href="http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html">
2348 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
2349 # </a>
2350 #
2351 # Our page:
2352 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html">
2353 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
2354 # </a>
2355 
2356 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
2357 # The page
2358 # <a href="http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010">
2359 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
2360 # </a>
2361 # includes this text:
2362 # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
2363 # Ju&aacute;rez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acu&ntilde;a y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
2364 # An&aacute;huac en Nuevo Le&oacute;n; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
2365 # Tamaulipas, la aplicaci&oacute;n de este horario estacional surtir&aacute; efecto
2366 # desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluir&aacute; a las dos
2367 # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2368 # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
2369 # fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la l&iacute;nea
2370 # internacional y la l&iacute;nea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
2371 # kil&oacute;metros, as&iacute; como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
2372 # interior del pa&iacute;s, la aplicaci&oacute;n de este horario estacional surtir&aacute;
2373 # efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluir&aacute; a
2374 # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2375 
2376 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2377 Rule    Mexico  1939    only    -       Feb     5       0:00    1:00    D
2378 Rule    Mexico  1939    only    -       Jun     25      0:00    0       S
2379 Rule    Mexico  1940    only    -       Dec     9       0:00    1:00    D
2380 Rule    Mexico  1941    only    -       Apr     1       0:00    0       S
2381 Rule    Mexico  1943    only    -       Dec     16      0:00    1:00    W # War
2382 Rule    Mexico  1944    only    -       May     1       0:00    0       S
2383 Rule    Mexico  1950    only    -       Feb     12      0:00    1:00    D
2384 Rule    Mexico  1950    only    -       Jul     30      0:00    0       S
2385 Rule    Mexico  1996    2000    -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
2386 Rule    Mexico  1996    2000    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2387 Rule    Mexico  2001    only    -       May     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
2388 Rule    Mexico  2001    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2389 Rule    Mexico  2002    max     -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
2390 Rule    Mexico  2002    max     -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2391 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2392 # Quintana Roo
2393 Zone America/Cancun     -5:47:04 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:12:56
2394                         -6:00   -       CST     1981 Dec 23
2395                         -5:00   Mexico  E%sT    1998 Aug  2  2:00
2396                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2397 # Campeche, Yucatan
2398 Zone America/Merida     -5:58:28 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:01:32
2399                         -6:00   -       CST     1981 Dec 23
2400                         -5:00   -       EST     1982 Dec  2
2401                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2402 # Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (near US border)
2403 Zone America/Matamoros  -6:40:00 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
2404                         -6:00   -       CST     1988
2405                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1989
2406                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2010
2407                         -6:00   US      C%sT
2408 # Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
2409 Zone America/Monterrey  -6:41:16 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
2410                         -6:00   -       CST     1988
2411                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1989
2412                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2413 # Central Mexico
2414 Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -     LMT     1922 Jan  1 0:23:24
2415                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2416                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2417                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2418                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2419                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2420                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2001 Sep 30 02:00
2421                         -6:00   -       CST     2002 Feb 20
2422                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2423 # Chihuahua (near US border)
2424 Zone America/Ojinaga    -6:57:40 -      LMT     1922 Jan 1 0:02:20
2425                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2426                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2427                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2428                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2429                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2430                         -6:00   -       CST     1996
2431                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    1998
2432                         -6:00   -       CST     1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
2433                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    2010
2434                         -7:00   US      M%sT
2435 # Chihuahua (away from US border)
2436 Zone America/Chihuahua  -7:04:20 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
2437                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2438                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2439                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2440                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2441                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2442                         -6:00   -       CST     1996
2443                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    1998
2444                         -6:00   -       CST     1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
2445                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT
2446 # Sonora
2447 Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
2448                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2449                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2450                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2451                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2452                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2453                         -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2454                         -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2455                         -8:00   -       PST     1970
2456                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    1999
2457                         -7:00   -       MST
2458 
2459 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
2460 # According to news, Bah&iacute;a de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
2461 # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
2462 # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
2463 #
2464 # (Spanish)
2465 # Bah&iacute;a de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
2466 # pa&iacute;s, a partir de este domingo
2467 # <a href="http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748">
2468 # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
2469 # </a>
2470 #
2471 # Bah&iacute;a de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
2472 # Pa&iacute;s
2473 # <a href="http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50">
2474 # http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50"
2475 # </a>
2476 #
2477 # (English)
2478 # Puerto Vallarta and Bah&iacute;a de Banderas: One Time Zone
2479 # <a href="http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml">
2480 # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
2481 # </a>
2482 #
2483 # or
2484 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html">
2485 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
2486 # </a>
2487 #
2488 # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
2489 # will allow Bah&iacute;a de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
2490 # zone ..."
2491 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
2492 
2493 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
2494 # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
2495 

2496 Zone America/Mazatlan   -7:05:40 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
2497                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2498                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2499                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2500                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2501                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2502                         -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2503                         -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2504                         -8:00   -       PST     1970
2505                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT
2506 

2507 Zone America/Bahia_Banderas     -7:01:00 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
2508                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2509                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2510                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2511                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2512                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2513                         -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2514                         -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2515                         -8:00   -       PST     1970
2516                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    2010 Apr 4 2:00
2517                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2518 
2519 # Baja California (near US border)
2520 Zone America/Tijuana    -7:48:04 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:11:56
2521                         -7:00   -       MST     1924
2522                         -8:00   -       PST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2523                         -7:00   -       MST     1930 Nov 15
2524                         -8:00   -       PST     1931 Apr  1
2525                         -8:00   1:00    PDT     1931 Sep 30
2526                         -8:00   -       PST     1942 Apr 24


2543                         -7:00   -       MST     1930 Nov 15
2544                         -8:00   -       PST     1931 Apr  1
2545                         -8:00   1:00    PDT     1931 Sep 30
2546                         -8:00   -       PST     1942 Apr 24
2547                         -8:00   1:00    PWT     1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2548                         -8:00   1:00    PPT     1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2549                         -8:00   -       PST     1948 Apr  5
2550                         -8:00   1:00    PDT     1949 Jan 14
2551                         -8:00   -       PST     1954
2552                         -8:00   CA      P%sT    1961
2553                         -8:00   -       PST     1976
2554                         -8:00   US      P%sT    1996
2555                         -8:00   Mexico  P%sT    2001
2556                         -8:00   US      P%sT    2002 Feb 20
2557                         -8:00   Mexico  P%sT
2558 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2559 # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
2560 # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
2561 # through 1995.  This was as per Shanks (1999).  But Shanks & Pottenger say
2562 # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975.  Guy Harris reports
2563 # that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicale, San Felipe and
2564 # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
2565 # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then.  This concerns
2566 # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
2567 # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
2568 # name or contents should be.
2569 #
2570 # Revillagigedo Is
2571 # no information
2572 
2573 ###############################################################################
2574 
2575 # Anguilla
2576 # See 'southamerica'.
2577 
2578 # Antigua and Barbuda
2579 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2580 Zone    America/Antigua -4:07:12 -      LMT     1912 Mar 2
2581                         -5:00   -       EST     1951
2582                         -4:00   -       AST
2583 
2584 # Bahamas
2585 #
2586 # For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
2587 #
2588 # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
2589 # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
2590 # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
2591 # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
2592 
2593 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2594 Rule    Bahamas 1964    1975    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2595 Rule    Bahamas 1964    1975    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2596 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]


2636 # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
2637 # in March, until the first Sunday in November.  And, after the Time Zone
2638 # (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
2639 # Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
2640 # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
2641 
2642 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2643 Zone Atlantic/Bermuda   -4:19:18 -      LMT     1930 Jan  1 2:00    # Hamilton
2644                         -4:00   -       AST     1974 Apr 28 2:00
2645                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1976
2646                         -4:00   US      A%sT
2647 
2648 # Cayman Is
2649 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2650 Zone    America/Cayman  -5:25:32 -      LMT     1890            # Georgetown
2651                         -5:07:11 -      KMT     1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
2652                         -5:00   -       EST
2653 
2654 # Costa Rica
2655 
2656 # Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San Jose mean time; round to nearest.
2657 
2658 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2659 Rule    CR      1979    1980    -       Feb     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
2660 Rule    CR      1979    1980    -       Jun     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
2661 Rule    CR      1991    1992    -       Jan     Sat>=15      0:00    1:00    D
2662 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
2663 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2664 Rule    CR      1991    only    -       Jul      1      0:00    0       S
2665 Rule    CR      1992    only    -       Mar     15      0:00    0       S
2666 # There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
2667 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2668 Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 -      LMT     1890            # San Jose
2669                         -5:36:13 -      SJMT    1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
2670                         -6:00   CR      C%sT
2671 # Coco
2672 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
2673 
2674 # Cuba
2675 
2676 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2677 # Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57
2678 # for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations.
2679 # For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger.
2680 
2681 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
2682 # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
2683 # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
2684 # the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
2685 # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
2686 # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
2687 # Time today."  (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
2688 # sleep on 1999-03-28--when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
2689 # to DST--and one more hour on 1999-04-04--when the announcers will have
2690 # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
2691 
2692 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11):
2693 # DST start in Cuba in 2004 ... does not follow the same rules as the
2694 # years before.  The correct date should be Sunday 2004-03-28 00:00 ...
2695 # https://web.archive.org/web/20040402060750/http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2004/marzo/sab27/reloj.html
2696 
2697 # From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
2698 # Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
2699 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2700 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
2701 # says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
2702 # thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
2703 # to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
2704 # For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
2705 
2706 # From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
2707 # This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
2708 # adjustment in Cuba.  We will stay in daylight saving time:
2709 # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
2710 
2711 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
2712 # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
2713 # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
2714 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
2715 # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
2716 # watches should be set back one hour -- going back to 00:00 hours -- returning
2717 # to the normal schedule....
2718 
2719 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
2720 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html, dated yesterday,
2721 # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
2722 # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
2723 # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
2724 #
2725 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
2726 # Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week
2727 # earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
2728 #
2729 # He supplied these references:
2730 #
2731 # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
2732 # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
2733 #
2734 # From Alex Kryvenishev (2007-10-25):
2735 # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
2736 #
2737 # [Regira] el Horario Normal desde el [proximo] domingo 28 de octubre
2738 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
2739 #
2740 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
2741 
2742 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
2743 # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
2744 # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
2745 # <a href="http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj">
2746 # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
2747 # </a>, a Cuban information station, and heard
2748 # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
2749 # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
2750 
2751 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
2752 # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
2753 # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
2754 # <a href="http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm">
2755 # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
2756 # </a>
2757 #
2758 # Some more background information is posted here:
2759 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html">
2760 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
2761 # </a>
2762 #
2763 # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
2764 # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
2765 # 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been
2766 # observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception
2767 # which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to
2768 # change some historic records as well.
2769 #
2770 # One example:
2771 # <a href="http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm">
2772 # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
2773 # </a>
2774 
2775 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
2776 # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
2777 # web site, the Granma.  Please check out
2778 # <a href="http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html">
2779 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
2780 # </a>
2781 #
2782 # Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsens information, the change
2783 # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
2784 
2785 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
2786 # Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward.
2787 
2788 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04)
2789 # According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on
2790 # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
2791 # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
2792 #
2793 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html">
2794 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
2795 # (in Spanish)
2796 # </a>
2797 
2798 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
2799 # I listened over the Internet to
2800 # <a href="http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj">
2801 # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
2802 # </a>
2803 # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
2804 # the time was announced as "diez cinco"--the same time as here, indicating
2805 # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
2806 
2807 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
2808 # Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
2809 # this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
2810 # changed at all).
2811 #
2812 # Source:
2813 # <a href="http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html">
2814 # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
2815 # </a>
2816 #
2817 # Our info:
2818 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html">
2819 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
2820 # </a>
2821 #
2822 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
2823 # Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
2824 # tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
2825 #
2826 # One source (Spanish)
2827 # <a href="http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html">
2828 # http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
2829 # </a>
2830 #
2831 # Our page:
2832 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html">
2833 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
2834 # </a>
2835 #
2836 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
2837 # According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
2838 # 31 and April 1.
2839 #
2840 # Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
2841 # <a href="http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril">
2842 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
2843 # </a>
2844 #
2845 # Our info on it:
2846 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html">
2847 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
2848 # </a>
2849 
2850 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
2851 # Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
2852 # to standard time on 2012-11-04:
2853 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/36-nacionales/9961-regira-horario-normal-en-cuba-desde-el-domingo-cuatro-de-noviembre
2854 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-03):
2855 # For now, assume the future rule is first Sunday in November.
2856 
2857 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2858 Rule    Cuba    1928    only    -       Jun     10      0:00    1:00    D
2859 Rule    Cuba    1928    only    -       Oct     10      0:00    0       S
2860 Rule    Cuba    1940    1942    -       Jun     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
2861 Rule    Cuba    1940    1942    -       Sep     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
2862 Rule    Cuba    1945    1946    -       Jun     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
2863 Rule    Cuba    1945    1946    -       Sep     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
2864 Rule    Cuba    1965    only    -       Jun     1       0:00    1:00    D
2865 Rule    Cuba    1965    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    0       S
2866 Rule    Cuba    1966    only    -       May     29      0:00    1:00    D
2867 Rule    Cuba    1966    only    -       Oct     2       0:00    0       S
2868 Rule    Cuba    1967    only    -       Apr     8       0:00    1:00    D


2884 Rule    Cuba    1998    1999    -       Mar     lastSun 0:00s   1:00    D
2885 Rule    Cuba    1998    2003    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00s   0       S
2886 Rule    Cuba    2000    2003    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:00s   1:00    D
2887 Rule    Cuba    2004    only    -       Mar     lastSun 0:00s   1:00    D
2888 Rule    Cuba    2006    2010    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00s   0       S
2889 Rule    Cuba    2007    only    -       Mar     Sun>=8       0:00s   1:00    D
2890 Rule    Cuba    2008    only    -       Mar     Sun>=15      0:00s   1:00    D
2891 Rule    Cuba    2009    2010    -       Mar     Sun>=8       0:00s   1:00    D
2892 Rule    Cuba    2011    only    -       Mar     Sun>=15      0:00s   1:00    D
2893 Rule    Cuba    2011    only    -       Nov     13      0:00s   0       S
2894 Rule    Cuba    2012    only    -       Apr     1       0:00s   1:00    D
2895 Rule    Cuba    2012    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1       0:00s   0       S
2896 Rule    Cuba    2013    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8       0:00s   1:00    D
2897 
2898 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2899 Zone    America/Havana  -5:29:28 -      LMT     1890
2900                         -5:29:36 -      HMT     1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
2901                         -5:00   Cuba    C%sT
2902 
2903 # Dominica
2904 # See 'southamerica'.
2905 
2906 # Dominican Republic
2907 
2908 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
2909 # Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
2910 # time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
2911 # http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
2912 
2913 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
2914 # That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
2915 
2916 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
2917 # Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
2918 # November 28, 2000, with a new decree.  On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
2919 # Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
2920 # Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future.  The reason they
2921 # decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
2922 # to implement DST.  When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
2923 # decided to revert.
2924 
2925 
2926 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2927 Rule    DR      1966    only    -       Oct     30      0:00    1:00    D
2928 Rule    DR      1967    only    -       Feb     28      0:00    0       S
2929 Rule    DR      1969    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0:30    HD
2930 Rule    DR      1970    only    -       Feb     21      0:00    0       S
2931 Rule    DR      1971    only    -       Jan     20      0:00    0       S
2932 Rule    DR      1972    1974    -       Jan     21      0:00    0       S
2933 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2934 Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 -   LMT     1890
2935                         -4:40   -       SDMT    1933 Apr  1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
2936                         -5:00   DR      E%sT    1974 Oct 27
2937                         -4:00   -       AST     2000 Oct 29 02:00
2938                         -5:00   US      E%sT    2000 Dec  3 01:00
2939                         -4:00   -       AST
2940 
2941 # El Salvador
2942 
2943 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2944 Rule    Salv    1987    1988    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
2945 Rule    Salv    1987    1988    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
2946 # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
2947 # instead of America/San_Salvador.
2948 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2949 Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -     LMT     1921            # San Salvador
2950                         -6:00   Salv    C%sT
2951 
2952 # Grenada
2953 # Guadeloupe
2954 # St Barthelemy
2955 # St Martin (French part)
2956 # See 'southamerica'.
2957 
2958 # Guatemala
2959 #
2960 # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
2961 # Diario Co Latino, at
2962 # http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079,
2963 # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
2964 # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
2965 # impact of the elevated cost of oil....  Daylight saving time will last from
2966 # 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
2967 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
2968 # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
2969 # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00.  See
2970 # <http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf>.
2971 
2972 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2973 Rule    Guat    1973    only    -       Nov     25      0:00    1:00    D
2974 Rule    Guat    1974    only    -       Feb     24      0:00    0       S
2975 Rule    Guat    1983    only    -       May     21      0:00    1:00    D
2976 Rule    Guat    1983    only    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       S
2977 Rule    Guat    1991    only    -       Mar     23      0:00    1:00    D
2978 Rule    Guat    1991    only    -       Sep      7      0:00    0       S
2979 Rule    Guat    2006    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    D
2980 Rule    Guat    2006    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       S
2981 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2982 Zone America/Guatemala  -6:02:04 -      LMT     1918 Oct 5
2983                         -6:00   Guat    C%sT
2984 
2985 # Haiti
2986 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
2987 # Risto O. Nykanen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
2988 # I searched for confirmation, and I found a
2989 # <a href="http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc"> press release
2990 # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
2991 # </a>.  Translated from French, it says:
2992 #
2993 #  "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
2994 #   and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
2995 #   Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
2996 #   provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
2997 #   Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
2998 #
2999 #  "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
3000 #   the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
3001 #   starting at midnight.  This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
3002 #   October 2005.
3003 #
3004 #  "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
3005 #
3006 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
3007 # I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
3008 # last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
3009 # "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
3010 # next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
3011 #


3048 Rule    Haiti   1988    1997    -       Oct     lastSun 1:00s   0       S
3049 Rule    Haiti   2005    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
3050 Rule    Haiti   2005    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3051 Rule    Haiti   2012    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
3052 Rule    Haiti   2012    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1       2:00    0       S
3053 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3054 Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 -  LMT     1890
3055                         -4:49   -       PPMT    1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
3056                         -5:00   Haiti   E%sT
3057 
3058 # Honduras
3059 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
3060 
3061 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
3062 # worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
3063 # saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
3064 # months until September.  La Tribuna reported today
3065 # <http://www.latribuna.hn/99299.html> that Manuel Zelaya, the president
3066 # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
3067 
3068 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
3069 # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
3070 # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
3071 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
3072 
3073 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
3074 # Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08)
3075 # <http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12>.
3076 # It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
3077 
3078 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
3079 # Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
3080 # published, I have located this authoritative source:
3081 # http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
3082 
3083 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
3084 # http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
3085 # So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
3086 
3087 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3088 Rule    Hond    1987    1988    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
3089 Rule    Hond    1987    1988    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3090 Rule    Hond    2006    only    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
3091 Rule    Hond    2006    only    -       Aug     Mon>=1       0:00    0       S
3092 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3093 Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 -     LMT     1921 Apr
3094                         -6:00   Hond    C%sT
3095 #


3098 # Jamaica
3099 # Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
3100 # unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
3101 # island".  Go with Milne.  Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
3102 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3103 Zone    America/Jamaica -5:07:11 -      LMT     1890            # Kingston
3104                         -5:07:11 -      KMT     1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
3105                         -5:00   -       EST     1974 Apr 28 2:00
3106                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1984
3107                         -5:00   -       EST
3108 
3109 # Martinique
3110 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3111 Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 -      LMT     1890            # Fort-de-France
3112                         -4:04:20 -      FFMT    1911 May     # Fort-de-France MT
3113                         -4:00   -       AST     1980 Apr  6
3114                         -4:00   1:00    ADT     1980 Sep 28
3115                         -4:00   -       AST
3116 
3117 # Montserrat
3118 # See 'southamerica'.
3119 
3120 # Nicaragua
3121 #
3122 # This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
3123 #
3124 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
3125 # I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
3126 # DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
3127 # expensive petroleum.  The exact end date for DST is not yet
3128 # announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
3129 # Some background information is available on the President's official site:
3130 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
3131 # The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
3132 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
3133 #
3134 # From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
3135 # The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
3136 # assume that it is daylight saving....
3137 #
3138 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
3139 # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
3140 # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
3141 # and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish):  "The last
3142 # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
3143 # during the Arnoldo Aleman administration."...
3144 # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
3145 # since December 1998.  I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
3146 # changes in 2000.  Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
3147 # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
3148 #
3149 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
3150 # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
3151 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
3152 # (2005-09-26)
3153 #
3154 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
3155 # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
3156 # (my informal translation)
3157 # By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolanos, Nicaragua
3158 # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
3159 # morning, and will stay that way until 30.th. of september.
3160 #
3161 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
3162 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
3163 # My informal translation runs:
3164 # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
3165 # time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
3166 #
3167 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3168 Rule    Nic     1979    1980    -       Mar     Sun>=16      0:00    1:00    D
3169 Rule    Nic     1979    1980    -       Jun     Mon>=23      0:00    0       S
3170 Rule    Nic     2005    only    -       Apr     10      0:00    1:00    D
3171 Rule    Nic     2005    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
3172 Rule    Nic     2006    only    -       Apr     30      2:00    1:00    D
3173 Rule    Nic     2006    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1       1:00    0       S
3174 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3175 Zone    America/Managua -5:45:08 -      LMT     1890
3176                         -5:45:12 -      MMT     1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
3177                         -6:00   -       CST     1973 May
3178                         -5:00   -       EST     1975 Feb 16
3179                         -6:00   Nic     C%sT    1992 Jan  1 4:00
3180                         -5:00   -       EST     1992 Sep 24
3181                         -6:00   -       CST     1993
3182                         -5:00   -       EST     1997
3183                         -6:00   Nic     C%sT
3184 
3185 # Panama
3186 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3187 Zone    America/Panama  -5:18:08 -      LMT     1890
3188                         -5:19:36 -      CMT     1908 Apr 22   # Colon Mean Time
3189                         -5:00   -       EST
3190 
3191 # Puerto Rico
3192 # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
3193 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3194 Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -     LMT     1899 Mar 28 12:00    # San Juan
3195                         -4:00   -       AST     1942 May  3
3196                         -4:00   US      A%sT    1946
3197                         -4:00   -       AST
3198 
3199 # St Kitts-Nevis
3200 # St Lucia
3201 # See 'southamerica'.
3202 
3203 # St Pierre and Miquelon
3204 # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
3205 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3206 Zone America/Miquelon   -3:44:40 -      LMT     1911 May 15     # St Pierre
3207                         -4:00   -       AST     1980 May
3208                         -3:00   -       PMST    1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
3209                         -3:00   Canada  PM%sT
3210 
3211 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
3212 # See 'southamerica'.
3213 
3214 # Turks and Caicos
3215 #
3216 # From Chris Dunn in
3217 # <http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007>
3218 # (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
3219 # daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
3220 # the recent U.S. change of dates.
3221 #
3222 # From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
3223 # http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
3224 # there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
3225 # rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
3226 # "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
3227 # Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
3228 # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
3229 #
3230 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-01):
3231 # Shanks & Pottenger say they use US DST rules, but IATA SSIM (1991/1998)
3232 # says they switch at midnight.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.

3233 #
3234 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3235 Rule    TC      1979    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
3236 Rule    TC      1979    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
3237 Rule    TC      1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
3238 Rule    TC      2007    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
3239 Rule    TC      2007    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1       2:00    0       S
3240 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3241 Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 -      LMT     1890
3242                         -5:07:11 -      KMT     1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
3243                         -5:00   TC      E%sT


3244 
3245 # British Virgin Is
3246 # Virgin Is
3247 # See 'southamerica'.







   4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   6 # published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
   9 #
  10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  14 # accompanied this code).
  15 #
  16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  19 #
  20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  22 # questions.
  23 #

  24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
  25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
  26 
  27 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
  28 
  29 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
  30 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
  31 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
  32 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
  33 
  34 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
  35 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
  36 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
  37 
  38 ###############################################################################
  39 
  40 # United States
  41 
  42 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
  43 # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
  44 # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
  45 # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
  46 # His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
  47 # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
  48 # in New York City (1869-10).  His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
  49 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
  50 # His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
  51 # and the most of the country soon followed suit.
  52 


  65 # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
  66 # in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
  67 # of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
  68 # Not everyone is happy with the results:
  69 #
  70 #       I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
  71 #       agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
  72 #       daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
  73 #       I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
  74 #       valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen.  As an admirer
  75 #       of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
  76 #       reduce my time for enjoying it.  At the back of the Daylight Saving
  77 #       scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
  78 #       to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
  79 #       them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
  80 #
  81 #        -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
  82 #          Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
  83 #
  84 # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
  85 # Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
  86 # (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
  87 # http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html
  88 #
  89 # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
  90 # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
  91 # was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
  92 # time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
  93 
  94 # From Arthur David Olson:
  95 # US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
  96 # See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
  97 # and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
  98 
  99 # From Arthur David Olson:
 100 # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
 101 # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
 102 
 103 # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
 104 # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
 105 # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
 106 # An AltaVista search turned up:
 107 # http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html
 108 # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
 109 # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.'  Peace is wonderful."
 110 # (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
 111 
 112 # From Joseph Gallant citing
 113 # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
 114 # At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
 115 # to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
 116 # never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
 117 # CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
 118 # but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
 119 # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
 120 # London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
 121 
 122 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout.  From
 123 # Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
 124 #
 125 # ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
 126 # Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
 127 # wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
 128 # Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
 129 # typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
 130 # importance."


 188 # ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz.
 189 #    The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
 190 #    of the Aleutian islands.   No DST.
 191 
 192 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
 193 # The tables below use 'NST', not 'NT', for Nome Standard Time.
 194 # I invented 'CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
 195 
 196 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 197 # USA  EASTERN       5 H  BEHIND UTC    NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
 198 # USA  EASTERN       4 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 199 # USA  CENTRAL       6 H  BEHIND UTC    CHICAGO, HOUSTON
 200 # USA  CENTRAL       5 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 201 # USA  MOUNTAIN      7 H  BEHIND UTC    DENVER
 202 # USA  MOUNTAIN      6 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 203 # USA  PACIFIC       8 H  BEHIND UTC    L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
 204 # USA  PACIFIC       7 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 205 # USA  ALASKA STD    9 H  BEHIND UTC    MOST OF ALASKA     (AKST)
 206 # USA  ALASKA STD    8 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
 207 # USA  ALEUTIAN     10 H  BEHIND UTC    ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
 208 # USA    "           9 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 209 # USA  HAWAII       10 H  BEHIND UTC
 210 # USA  BERING       11 H  BEHIND UTC    SAMOA, MIDWAY
 211 
 212 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
 213 # The above dates are for 1988.
 214 # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
 215 # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
 216 # Aleutians.
 217 
 218 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 219 # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
 220 # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward.  First, names
 221 # up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
 222 # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
 223 #       (none)
 224 #       United States standard eastern time
 225 #       United States standard mountain time
 226 #       United States standard central time
 227 #       United States standard Pacific time
 228 #       (none)


 241 # And after 1983-11-30:
 242 #       Atlantic standard time
 243 #       eastern standard time
 244 #       central standard time
 245 #       mountain standard time
 246 #       Pacific standard time
 247 #       Alaska standard time
 248 #       Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
 249 #       Samoa standard time
 250 # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
 251 #
 252 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
 253 # Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced the abbreviation
 254 # "Chamorro Standard Time" for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.
 255 # See the file "australasia".
 256 
 257 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
 258 # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
 259 #
 260 # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
 261 #   (a) Amendment.--Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
 262 #   U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
 263 #     (1) by striking "first Sunday of April" and inserting "second
 264 #     Sunday of March"; and
 265 #     (2) by striking "last Sunday of October" and inserting "first
 266 #     Sunday of November'.
 267 #   (b) Effective Date.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
 268 #   date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
 269 #   (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 9 months after the effective
 270 #   date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
 271 #   on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
 272 #   States.
 273 #   (d) Right to Revert.--Congress retains the right to revert the
 274 #   Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
 275 #   Department study is complete.
 276 
 277 # US eastern time, represented by New York
 278 
 279 # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
 280 # Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
 281 # (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
 282 # New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
 283 # Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
 284 # Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
 285 
 286 # From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
 287 # Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
 288 # Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
 289 # One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
 290 # and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
 291 # reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
 292 
 293 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
 294 # According to today's Huntsville Times
 295 # http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1
 296 # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
 297 # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
 298 # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time."  It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
 299 # Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
 300 # time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
 301 # in Columbus."
 302 
 303 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 304 Rule    NYC     1920    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 305 Rule    NYC     1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 306 Rule    NYC     1921    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 307 Rule    NYC     1921    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 308 Rule    NYC     1955    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 309 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 310 Zone America/New_York   -4:56:02 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
 311                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1920
 312                         -5:00   NYC     E%sT    1942
 313                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1946
 314                         -5:00   NYC     E%sT    1967
 315                         -5:00   US      E%sT


 338 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2007/data/acts/07Act3.pdf
 339 
 340 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 341 Rule    Chicago 1920    only    -       Jun     13      2:00    1:00    D
 342 Rule    Chicago 1920    1921    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 343 Rule    Chicago 1921    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 344 Rule    Chicago 1922    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 345 Rule    Chicago 1922    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 346 Rule    Chicago 1955    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 347 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 348 Zone America/Chicago    -5:50:36 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
 349                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1920
 350                         -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1936 Mar  1  2:00
 351                         -5:00   -       EST     1936 Nov 15  2:00
 352                         -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1942
 353                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 354                         -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1967
 355                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 356 # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
 357 Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
 358                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1992 Oct 25  2:00
 359                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 360 # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
 361 # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
 362 # See <http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p63/135818.pdf>.
 363 # Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
 364 # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
 365 # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
 366 # See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>.
 367 Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT      1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
 368                         -7:00   US      M%sT    2003 Oct 26  2:00
 369                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 370 
 371 # From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
 372 # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
 373 # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
 374 # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):

 375 # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm


 376 # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html

 377 
 378 # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
 379 # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
 380 # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
 381 # largest city in Mercer County).  Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
 382 # at 47 degrees 15' 51" N, 101 degrees 46' 40" W, which yields an offset
 383 # of 6h47'07".
 384 
 385 Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
 386                         -7:00   US      M%sT    2010 Nov  7  2:00
 387                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 388 
 389 # US mountain time, represented by Denver
 390 #
 391 # Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
 392 # Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
 393 # New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
 394 # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
 395 # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
 396 #
 397 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 398 Rule    Denver  1920    1921    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 399 Rule    Denver  1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 400 Rule    Denver  1921    only    -       May     22      2:00    0       S
 401 Rule    Denver  1965    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 402 Rule    Denver  1965    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 403 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]


 428                         -8:00   CA      P%sT    1967
 429                         -8:00   US      P%sT
 430 
 431 # Alaska
 432 # AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
 433 #
 434 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
 435 # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
 436 # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
 437 # This was on 1867-10-18, a Friday; the previous day was 1867-10-06 Julian,
 438 # also a Friday.  Include only the time zone part of this transition,
 439 # ignoring the switch from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent
 440 # the Julian calendar.
 441 #
 442 # As far as we know, none of the exact locations mentioned below were
 443 # permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
 444 # (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement
 445 # was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.)  However, there
 446 # were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
 447 # it's best to simply use the official transition.

 448 
 449 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
 450 # One opinion of the early-1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and
 451 # daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall:
 452 # "Welcome to Juneau.  Please turn your watch back to the 19th century."
 453 # See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01.
 454 # http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html
 455 #
 456 # Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source:
 457 # Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response.
 458 # Alaska History 2001;16(1-2).
 459 # http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/
 460 
 461 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
 462 # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
 463 #
 464 # On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
 465 # 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
 466 # Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
 467 # Pacific Time.
 468 #
 469 # ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
 470 # Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
 471 # northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
 472 #
 473 # On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
 474 # unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
 475 #
 476 # According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
 477 # bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
 478 #
 479 # (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
 480 # Nation.)
 481 
 482 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
 483 # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
 484 # Community office (using contact information available at

 485 # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla

 486 # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
 487 # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
 488 # that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their
 489 # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
 490 # did not inquire about practices in the past.
 491 
 492 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
 493 # For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
 494 # abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
 495 
 496 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 497 Zone America/Juneau      15:02:19 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 498                          -8:57:41 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 499                          -8:00  -       PST     1942
 500                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 501                          -8:00  -       PST     1969
 502                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1980 Apr 27  2:00
 503                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1980 Oct 26  2:00
 504                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 505                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 506                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 507 Zone America/Sitka       14:58:47 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 508                          -9:01:13 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 509                          -8:00  -       PST     1942
 510                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 511                          -8:00  -       PST     1969
 512                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 513                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 514                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 515 Zone America/Metlakatla  15:13:42 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 516                          -8:46:18 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 517                          -8:00  -       PST     1942
 518                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 519                          -8:00  -       PST     1969
 520                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 521                          -8:00  -       PST
 522 Zone America/Yakutat     14:41:05 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 523                          -9:18:55 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 524                          -9:00  -       YST     1942
 525                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1946
 526                          -9:00  -       YST     1969
 527                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 528                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 529 Zone America/Anchorage   14:00:24 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 530                          -9:59:36 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 531                         -10:00  -       CAT     1942
 532                         -10:00  US      CAT/CAWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
 533                         -10:00  US      CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
 534                         -10:00  -       CAT     1967 Apr
 535                         -10:00  -       AHST    1969
 536                         -10:00  US      AH%sT   1983 Oct 30  2:00
 537                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 538                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 539 Zone America/Nome        12:58:21 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 540                         -11:01:38 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 541                         -11:00  -       NST     1942


 564 # In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
 565 # Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
 566 # suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
 567 # possibly until 1983:
 568 #
 569 #  Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
 570 #  "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
 571 #  location not on Alaska Standard Time.  The following resolution was
 572 #  made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
 573 #  resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
 574 #  Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
 575 #  January 14, Alaska Standard Time.)  This resolution was passed with
 576 #  three votes for and one against."
 577 
 578 # Hawaii
 579 
 580 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
 581 # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
 582 # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
 583 # the article is available at

 584 # http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf

 585 # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
 586 # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
 587 # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
 588 # last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
 589 # act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
 590 # from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
 591 # when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
 592 # effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
 593 # day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
 594 # cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
 595 # and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
 596 
 597 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
 598 # The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
 599 # Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
 600 # 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
 601 # 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
 602 # year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
 603 # hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
 604 # day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
 605 # Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
 606 # hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
 607 # which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
 608 # that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
 609 # Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
 610 # of the Territory of Hawaii."
 611 #
 612 # Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
 613 # We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
 614 
 615 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 616 Zone Pacific/Honolulu   -10:31:26 -     LMT     1896 Jan 13 12:00
 617                         -10:30  -       HST     1933 Apr 30  2:00
 618                         -10:30  1:00    HDT     1933 May 21 12:00
 619                         -10:30  -       HST     1942 Feb  9  2:00
 620                         -10:30  1:00    HDT     1945 Sep 30  2:00
 621                         -10:30  -       HST     1947 Jun  8  2:00
 622                         -10:00  -       HST

 623 Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
 624 
 625 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
 626 
 627 # Arizona mostly uses MST.
 628 
 629 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
 630 #
 631 # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
 632 # Daylight Saving Time web page
 633 # <http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm> (2002-01-23)
 634 # maintained by the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
 635 # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
 636 # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
 637 # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
 638 # observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time.  The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
 639 # Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
 640 # the date the state's clocks would change.  In 1945 the State of
 641 # Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
 642 # mandated by federal law.  Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
 643 # Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
 644 #
 645 # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
 646 # Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
 647 
 648 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 649 Zone America/Phoenix    -7:28:18 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
 650                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1944 Jan  1  0:01
 651                         -7:00   -       MST     1944 Apr  1  0:01
 652                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1944 Oct  1  0:01
 653                         -7:00   -       MST     1967
 654                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1968 Mar 21
 655                         -7:00   -       MST
 656 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 657 # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
 658 # notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
 659 # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
 660 # large size and location in three states."  (The "only" means that other
 661 # tribal nations don't use DST.)
 662 #
 663 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26):
 664 # See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation.
 665 
 666 # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
 667 # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
 668 # Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
 669 # Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
 670 # Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
 671 # quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
 672 # switched four weeks late in 1974.
 673 #
 674 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 675 Zone America/Boise      -7:44:49 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
 676                         -8:00   US      P%sT    1923 May 13  2:00
 677                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1974
 678                         -7:00   -       MST     1974 Feb  3  2:00
 679                         -7:00   US      M%sT
 680 
 681 # Indiana
 682 #
 683 # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
 684 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana


 685 #
 686 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 687 # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
 688 # with the following exceptions:
 689 #
 690 # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 691 #   Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
 692 #
 693 # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
 694 #
 695 # - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
 696 #   America/Kentucky/Louisville.
 697 #
 698 # - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
 699 #   and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
 700 #
 701 # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
 702 # and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information."
 703 # Those Hoosiers!  Such a flighty and changeable people!
 704 # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
 705 #
 706 # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
 707 # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
 708 # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
 709 
 710 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-26):
 711 # https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana
 712 # says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,






 713 # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
 714 # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
 715 # this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
 716 # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
 717 # Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their
 718 # clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error.  The intent
 719 # was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
 720 
 721 # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
 722 # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
 723 # going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
 724 # http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
 725 
 726 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 727 Rule Indianapolis 1941  only    -       Jun     22      2:00    1:00    D
 728 Rule Indianapolis 1941  1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 729 Rule Indianapolis 1946  1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 730 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 731 Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT        1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
 732                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1920
 733                         -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
 734                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 735                         -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24  2:00
 736                         -5:00   -       EST     1957 Sep 29  2:00
 737                         -6:00   -       CST     1958 Apr 27  2:00
 738                         -5:00   -       EST     1969
 739                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1971


 871 Rule Louisville 1921    only    -       May     1       2:00    1:00    D
 872 Rule Louisville 1921    only    -       Sep     1       2:00    0       S
 873 Rule Louisville 1941    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 874 Rule Louisville 1941    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 875 Rule Louisville 1946    only    -       Jun     2       2:00    0       S
 876 Rule Louisville 1950    1955    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 877 Rule Louisville 1956    1960    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 878 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 879 Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 -     LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
 880                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1921
 881                         -6:00 Louisville C%sT   1942
 882                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 883                         -6:00 Louisville C%sT   1961 Jul 23  2:00
 884                         -5:00   -       EST     1968
 885                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1974 Jan  6  2:00
 886                         -6:00   1:00    CDT     1974 Oct 27  2:00
 887                         -5:00   US      E%sT
 888 #
 889 # Wayne County, Kentucky
 890 #
 891 # From Lake Cumberland LIFE
 892 # http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml
 893 # (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:

 894 # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
 895 # the Central to the Eastern time zone....  The Wayne County government made
 896 # the same request in December.  And while Russell County officials have not
 897 # taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
 898 # August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
 899 # The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
 900 # location in the Central time zone.
 901 #
 902 # From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
 903 # After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
 904 # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
 905 # (-0500) time.  They won't "fall back" this year.  See Sara Shipley,
 906 # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
 907 #
 908 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
 909 # The final rule was published in the
 910 # Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), pp 50154-50158.
 911 # http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22

 912 #
 913 Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
 914                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 915                         -6:00   -       CST     1968
 916                         -6:00   US      C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
 917                         -5:00   US      E%sT
 918 
 919 
 920 # From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
 921 # Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
 922 # Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
 923 #       previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
 924 # Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
 925 # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
 926 # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
 927 # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
 928 #
 929 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
 930 # We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
 931 # so omit that change for now.
 932 # See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
 933 # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
 934 # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
 935 # 1999-10-31.  See the
 936 # Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), pp 56705-56707.
 937 # http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15

 938 # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
 939 # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
 940 # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
 941 
 942 # Michigan
 943 #
 944 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 945 # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
 946 #
 947 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
 948 # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
 949 # but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
 950 # that Detroit kept
 951 #
 952 #       local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
 953 #       be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time.  Half the
 954 #       city obeyed, half refused.  After considerable debate, the decision
 955 #       was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time.  A derisive offer to
 956 #       erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
 957 #       Committee on Sewers.  Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted


1011 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1012 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
1013 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
1014 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
1015 #
1016 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
1017 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
1018 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
1019 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
1020 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
1021 #
1022 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
1023 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
1024 #
1025 # Other sources occasionally used include:
1026 #
1027 #       Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
1028 #       Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
1029 #       which I found in the UCLA library.
1030 #

1031 #       William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
1032 #       <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
1033 #       [PDF] (1914-03)
1034 #
1035 #       Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
1036 #       <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
1037 #
1038 # See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
1039 
1040 # Canada
1041 
1042 # From Alain LaBonté (1994-11-14):
1043 # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
1044 # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
1045 #
1046 #       UTC     Standard time   Daylight saving time
1047 #       offset  French  English French  English
1048 #       -2:30   -       -       HAT     NDT
1049 #       -3      -       -       HAA     ADT
1050 #       -3:30   HNT     NST     -       -
1051 #       -4      HNA     AST     HAE     EDT
1052 #       -5      HNE     EST     HAC     CDT
1053 #       -6      HNC     CST     HAR     MDT
1054 #       -7      HNR     MST     HAP     PDT
1055 #       -8      HNP     PST     HAY     YDT
1056 #       -9      HNY     YST     -       -
1057 #
1058 #       HN: Heure Normale       ST: Standard Time
1059 #       HA: Heure Avancée      DT: Daylight saving Time
1060 #
1061 #       A: de l'Atlantique      Atlantic
1062 #       C: du Centre            Central
1063 #       E: de l'Est             Eastern
1064 #       M:                      Mountain
1065 #       N:                      Newfoundland
1066 #       P: du Pacifique         Pacific
1067 #       R: des Rocheuses
1068 #       T: de Terre-Neuve
1069 #       Y: du Yukon             Yukon
1070 #
1071 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
1072 # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
1073 
1074 # Unless otherwise specified, the data entries for Canada are all from Shanks
1075 # & Pottenger.
1076 
1077 # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
1078 # 2007-03-01):
1079 # The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
1080 # adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
1081 # U.S. and the rest of Canada....
1082 # http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
1083 # ...
1084 # Nova Scotia
1085 # Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
1086 # http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
1087 #
1088 # [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
1089 # be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
1090 # http://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
1091 # ...
1092 # Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
1093 # As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
1094 # http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php


1103 # ...
1104 # Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
1105 # http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
1106 # ...
1107 # Yukon
1108 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
1109 # ...
1110 # N.W.T. will follow US rules.  Whoever maintains the government web site
1111 # does not seem to believe in bookmarks.  To see the news release, click the
1112 # following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change".  Press the
1113 # "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
1114 # JavaScript.
1115 # http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
1116 # ...
1117 # Nunavut
1118 # An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
1119 # http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
1120 
1121 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
1122 # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map

1123 # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
1124 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
1125 # contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
1126 # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
1127 #
1128 # INMS, the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, has

1129 # information about standard and daylight saving time zones in Canada.
1130 # http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/time_services/daylight_saving_e.php
1131 # (updated periodically).
1132 # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
1133 
1134 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
1135 # For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
1136 # new US DST rules,
1137 
1138 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
1139 # In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles

1140 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260

1141 # she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
1142 # The quote includes these two statements:
1143 # 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
1144 # '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,'
1145 # These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time
1146 # that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918.  This transition was
1147 # also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star.
1148 
1149 # In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed
1150 # Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
1151 # than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.
1152 
1153 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1154 Rule    Canada  1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1155 Rule    Canada  1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1156 Rule    Canada  1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1157 Rule    Canada  1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1158 Rule    Canada  1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
1159 Rule    Canada  1974    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1160 Rule    Canada  1974    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S


1188 # 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
1189 # but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
1190 # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
1191 # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1192 Rule    StJohns 1946    1950    -       May     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
1193 Rule    StJohns 1946    1950    -       Oct     Sun>=2       2:00    0       S
1194 Rule    StJohns 1951    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1195 Rule    StJohns 1951    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1196 Rule    StJohns 1960    1986    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1197 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1198 # INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
1199 # at 00:01 local time.  For now, assume it started in 1987.
1200 
1201 # From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12):
1202 # We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the
1203 # changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed.
1204 # The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings
1205 # Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
1206 # now occurs at 2:00AM.
1207 # ...

1208 # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm

1209 # ...
1210 # MICHAEL PELLEY  |  Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
1211 # Office of the Chief Information Officer
1212 # Executive Council
1213 # Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
1214 
1215 Rule    StJohns 1987    only    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:01    1:00    D
1216 Rule    StJohns 1987    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:01    0       S
1217 Rule    StJohns 1988    only    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:01    2:00    DD
1218 Rule    StJohns 1989    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:01    1:00    D
1219 Rule    StJohns 2007    2011    -       Mar     Sun>=8       0:01    1:00    D
1220 Rule    StJohns 2007    2010    -       Nov     Sun>=1       0:01    0       S
1221 #
1222 # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
1223 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1224 Zone America/St_Johns   -3:30:52 -      LMT     1884
1225                         -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT   1918
1226                         -3:30:52 Canada N%sT    1919
1227                         -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT   1935 Mar 30
1228                         -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1942 May 11


1344                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1946
1345                         -4:00   Moncton A%sT    1973
1346                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1993
1347                         -4:00   Moncton A%sT    2007
1348                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1349 
1350 # Quebec
1351 
1352 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-30):
1353 # Since 1970 most of Quebec has been like Toronto.
1354 # However, because earlier versions of the tz database mistakenly relied on data
1355 # from Shanks & Pottenger saying that Quebec differed from Ontario after 1970,
1356 # a separate entry was created for most of Quebec.  We're loath to lose
1357 # its pre-1970 info, even though the tz database is normally limited to
1358 # zones that differ after 1970, so keep this otherwise out-of-scope entry.
1359 
1360 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
1361 # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
1362 # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
1363 # The Quebec department of justice writes in
1364 # "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
1365 # http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
1366 # that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
1367 # observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
1368 # http://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_8845en
1369 # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
1370 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
1371 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.

1372 
1373 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1374 Rule    Mont    1917    only    -       Mar     25      2:00    1:00    D
1375 Rule    Mont    1917    only    -       Apr     24      0:00    0       S
1376 Rule    Mont    1919    only    -       Mar     31      2:30    1:00    D
1377 Rule    Mont    1919    only    -       Oct     25      2:30    0       S
1378 Rule    Mont    1920    only    -       May      2      2:30    1:00    D
1379 Rule    Mont    1920    1922    -       Oct     Sun>=1       2:30    0       S
1380 Rule    Mont    1921    only    -       May      1      2:00    1:00    D
1381 Rule    Mont    1922    only    -       Apr     30      2:00    1:00    D
1382 Rule    Mont    1924    only    -       May     17      2:00    1:00    D
1383 Rule    Mont    1924    1926    -       Sep     lastSun 2:30    0       S
1384 Rule    Mont    1925    1926    -       May     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
1385 Rule    Mont    1927    1937    -       Apr     lastSat 24:00   1:00    D
1386 Rule    Mont    1927    1937    -       Sep     lastSat 24:00   0       S
1387 Rule    Mont    1938    1940    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
1388 Rule    Mont    1938    1939    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S








1389 Rule    Mont    1946    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1390 Rule    Mont    1945    1948    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1391 Rule    Mont    1949    1950    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1392 Rule    Mont    1951    1956    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1393 Rule    Mont    1957    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1394 
1395 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1396 Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 -    LMT     1884
1397                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1970
1398                         -4:00   -       AST
1399 Zone America/Montreal   -4:54:16 -      LMT     1884
1400                         -5:00   Mont    E%sT    1918
1401                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1919
1402                         -5:00   Mont    E%sT    1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1403                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1946
1404                         -5:00   Mont    E%sT    1974
1405                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT
1406 
1407 # Ontario
1408 
1409 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1410 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1411 # Toronto.
1412 # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1413 # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1414 # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1415 # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
1416 
1417 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1418 # [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
1419 # effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
1420 # Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
1421 # have already done so.  In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
1422 # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
1423 # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
1424 # only two weeks - I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
1425 # presumably that should be -07-06.  (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
1426 # earlier in June).
1427 #
1428 # Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
1429 
1430 # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
1431 # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
1432 # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
1433 # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
1434 # He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
1435 # http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html


1436 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
1437 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
1438 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
1439 #
1440 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1441 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
1442 # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
1443 # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
1444 # violation of the official Ontario rules.
1445 #
1446 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1447 # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
1448 # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
1449 #
1450 #       The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
1451 #       This means they spend about half the time on central time and
1452 #       the other half on eastern time.
1453 #
1454 #       For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
1455 #


1494 #
1495 #     The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
1496 #     except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
1497 #
1498 # Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
1499 #
1500 # I only came across this incidentally.  I don't know if Windsor began
1501 # observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
1502 #
1503 # By the way, the article continues by noting that:
1504 #
1505 #     Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
1506 #     three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
1507 
1508 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
1509 #
1510 # "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
1511 # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
1512 # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
1513 # was available at

1514 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S

1515 #
1516 # It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
1517 #
1518 #   A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
1519 # require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
1520 # the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
1521 # and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
1522 # ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
1523 # for the other provinces only approximate:
1524 #
1525 #       Province        Daylight saving time used
1526 # Prince Edward Island  Not used.
1527 # Nova Scotia           In Halifax only.
1528 # New Brunswick         In St. John only.
1529 # Quebec                In the following places:
1530 #                       Montreal        Lachine
1531 #                       Quebec          Mont-Royal
1532 #                       Lévis          Iberville
1533 #                       St. Lambert     Cap de la Madelèine
1534 #                       Verdun          Loretteville
1535 #                       Westmount       Richmond
1536 #                       Outremont       St. Jérôme
1537 #                       Longueuil       Greenfield Park
1538 #                       Arvida          Waterloo
1539 #                       Chambly-Canton  Beaulieu
1540 #                       Melbourne       La Tuque
1541 #                       St. Théophile  Buckingham
1542 # Ontario               Used generally in the cities and towns along
1543 #                       the southerly part of the province. Not
1544 #                       used in the northwesterly part.
1545 # Manitoba              Not used.
1546 # Saskatchewan          In Regina only.
1547 # Alberta               Not used.
1548 # British Columbia      Not used.
1549 #
1550 #   With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
1551 # to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
1552 
1553 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1554 Rule    Toronto 1919    only    -       Mar     30      23:30   1:00    D
1555 Rule    Toronto 1919    only    -       Oct     26      0:00    0       S
1556 Rule    Toronto 1920    only    -       May      2      2:00    1:00    D
1557 Rule    Toronto 1920    only    -       Sep     26      0:00    0       S
1558 Rule    Toronto 1921    only    -       May     15      2:00    1:00    D
1559 Rule    Toronto 1921    only    -       Sep     15      2:00    0       S
1560 Rule    Toronto 1922    1923    -       May     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
1561 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
1562 # was meant.
1563 Rule    Toronto 1922    1926    -       Sep     Sun>=15      2:00    0       S
1564 Rule    Toronto 1924    1927    -       May     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D


1628 Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 -     LMT     1895
1629                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1940 Sep 29
1630                         -6:00   1:00    CDT     1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1631                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT
1632 Zone America/Atikokan   -6:06:28 -      LMT     1895
1633                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1940 Sep 29
1634                         -6:00   1:00    CDT     1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1635                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1945 Sep 30  2:00
1636                         -5:00   -       EST
1637 
1638 
1639 # Manitoba
1640 
1641 # From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
1642 # the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
1643 # March 27, 1987 ... said ...
1644 # "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
1645 # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
1646 # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
1647 # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
1648 # I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had
1649 # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
1650 # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
1651 # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
1652 # the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
1653 # Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
1654 
1655 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
1656 # Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
1657 # starting 1966.  Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
1658 # it was also 02:00s in 1966.
1659 
1660 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1661 Rule    Winn    1916    only    -       Apr     23      0:00    1:00    D
1662 Rule    Winn    1916    only    -       Sep     17      0:00    0       S
1663 Rule    Winn    1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1664 Rule    Winn    1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1665 Rule    Winn    1937    only    -       May     16      2:00    1:00    D
1666 Rule    Winn    1937    only    -       Sep     26      2:00    0       S
1667 Rule    Winn    1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1668 Rule    Winn    1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace


1806 # British Columbia
1807 
1808 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1809 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
1810 # been like Vancouver.
1811 # Dawson Creek uses MST.  Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
1812 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
1813 
1814 # It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
1815 
1816 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
1817 # There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
1818 # that do not currently observe daylight saving:
1819 # a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
1820 # b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
1821 # (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
1822 
1823 # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
1824 # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
1825 # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.

1826 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260

1827 # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
1828 # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UTC-7 for 93 years.
1829 # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
1830 
1831 # Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
1832 # unknown and will be difficult to ascertain.  I e-mailed Tammy a few months
1833 # ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess.  She said it was just
1834 # as plausible as any other date (in June).  She also said that after writing
1835 # the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
1836 # subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.

1837 # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56

1838 
1839 # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
1840 # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
1841 # Exact date unknown
1842 # 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
1843 # Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
1844 # 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
1845 # Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
1846 # note#1:
1847 # On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
1848 # Creston did not change its clocks.
1849 # note#2:
1850 # During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
1851 # Creston did not oblige.
1852 # note#3:
1853 # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
1854 # (UTC-7) forever.
1855 # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.

1856 # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html

1857 
1858 # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
1859 # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
1860 # summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
1861 # the change.  It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
1862 # period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
1863 # (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
1864 
1865 # The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
1866 
1867 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1868 Rule    Vanc    1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1869 Rule    Vanc    1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1870 Rule    Vanc    1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1871 Rule    Vanc    1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1872 Rule    Vanc    1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
1873 Rule    Vanc    1946    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1874 Rule    Vanc    1946    only    -       Oct     13      2:00    0       S
1875 Rule    Vanc    1947    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1876 Rule    Vanc    1962    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S


1890 # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
1891 
1892 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1893 # Dawson switched to PST in 1973.  Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
1894 # Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
1895 #       * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
1896 #       c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9.  This is still valid;
1897 #       see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
1898 #       * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
1899 #       * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
1900 #       * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
1901 # Shanks & Pottenger say Yukon's 1973-10-28 switch was at 2:00; go
1902 # with Englander.
1903 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1904 # Here is a link to the old daylight saving portion of the interpretation
1905 # act which was last updated in 1987:
1906 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic1987_056.pdf
1907 
1908 # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
1909 # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.

1910 # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
1911 # http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html
1912 #
1913 # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
1914 # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
1915 # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
1916 
1917 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):

1918 # Basic Facts: The New Territory
1919 # http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html
1920 # (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
1921 # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST.  We don't know when
1922 # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
1923 
1924 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1925 # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
1926 # Pangnirtung wobbled.  Here is the result of their wobble:
1927 #
1928 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
1929 #
1930 #       First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
1931 #       Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
1932 #
1933 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
1934 #
1935 #       Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
1936 #
1937 # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
1938 # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
1939 # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
1940 # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
1941 # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
1942 # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
1943 # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
1944 # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
1945 # the current state of affairs.
1946 
1947 # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
1948 # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
1949 # http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html
1950 # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
1951 # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
1952 # for municipal offices and schools....  Igloolik [was similar but then]
1953 # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
1954 
1955 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1956 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
1957 # for these potential new Zones.
1958 #
1959 # The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
1960 # handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
1961 # zone] skip daylight savings.  Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
1962 # Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
1963 # Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
1964 # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
1965 # required to use daylight savings.
1966 
1967 # From <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html>
1968 # Nunavut now has two time zones (2000-11-10):


1969 # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
1970 # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
1971 # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
1972 # At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
1973 # Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
1974 # the rest of the territory for the winter.  Cambridge Bay remained on
1975 # central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
1976 # mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
1977 # unified time zone in 1999.
1978 #
1979 # From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
1980 # The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
1981 
1982 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
1983 # Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
1984 
1985 # From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
1986 # The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
1987 # that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
1988 # back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern).  Of the


2039 # phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature
2040 # of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of
2041 # information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of
2042 # Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for
2043 # Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived
2044 # and worked in Resolute Bay...
2045 #
2046 # On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that
2047 # Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of
2048 # 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead
2049 # on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay
2050 # had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not
2051 # tell me when the practice had stopped.
2052 #
2053 # On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of
2054 # somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went
2055 # off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz
2056 # used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
2057 # businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
2058 # Aziz:

2059 # http://www.uphere.ca/node/493

2060 #
2061 # I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
2062 # Eastern Standard Time.
2063 #
2064 # Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the
2065 # 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way
2066 # of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in
2067 # the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs"
2068 #
2069 # This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008.
2070 #
2071 # I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz
2072 # responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You
2073 # may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a
2074 # search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site"
2075 #
2076 # If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would
2077 # never have contacted her.  I now believe that all the information I
2078 # obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
2079 # I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.


2129                         -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1979 Apr lastSun  2:00
2130                         -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT    1980
2131                         -7:00   Canada  M%sT
2132 Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 -      LMT     1900 Aug 20
2133                         -9:00   NT_YK   Y%sT    1966 Jul  1  2:00
2134                         -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1980
2135                         -8:00   Canada  P%sT
2136 Zone America/Dawson     -9:17:40 -      LMT     1900 Aug 20
2137                         -9:00   NT_YK   Y%sT    1973 Oct 28  0:00
2138                         -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1980
2139                         -8:00   Canada  P%sT
2140 
2141 
2142 ###############################################################################
2143 
2144 # Mexico
2145 
2146 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
2147 # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
2148 # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a

2149 # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
2150 # http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/
2151 #
2152 # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
2153 # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
2154 # S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
2155 # S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
2156 # S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
2157 # S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
2158 
2159 # From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
2160 # There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
2161 # tz database.  I think they can best be explained by supposing that
2162 # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
2163 # the relevant documents.
2164 
2165 # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
2166 # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
2167 # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
2168 #
2169 # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
2170 #


2175 #    - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
2176 #    - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
2177 #    - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
2178 #
2179 # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
2180 #    at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
2181 #    BajaNorte: GMT+7
2182 #    BajaSur:   GMT+6
2183 #    General:   GMT+5
2184 #
2185 # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
2186 #    BajaNorte: GMT+8
2187 #    BajaSur:   GMT+7
2188 #    General:   GMT+6
2189 #
2190 # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
2191 #
2192 # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
2193 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
2194 # For an English translation of the decree, see

2195 # "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
2196 # http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html
2197 
2198 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
2199 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
2200 # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
2201 
2202 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
2203 # Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
2204 # zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
2205 # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
2206 # Arizona year round.
2207 
2208 # From Jesper Nørgaard, translating
2209 # <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
2210 # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
2211 # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
2212 # year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
2213 # whole year.
2214 
2215 # From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
2216 # <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says
2217 # (translated):...
2218 # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
2219 # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
2220 # this year....
2221 # http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001
2222 # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
2223 # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
2224 
2225 # From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
2226 # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
2227 # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
2228 # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
2229 # ... Mexico City Mayor López Obrador "...is threatening to keep
2230 # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
2231 # the rest of the country..." In particular, López Obrador would abolish
2232 # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
2233 

2234 # Official statute published by the Energy Department
2235 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre
2236 # (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
2237 # and Sonora with no DST.  This was reported by Jesper Nørgaard (2001-02-03).
2238 
2239 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
2240 #
2241 # http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html
2242 # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times

2243 # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
2244 # * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that
2245 #   the Federal District will not adopt DST.
2246 # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
2247 # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
2248 #   the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
2249 #
2250 # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
2251 
2252 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2001-04-01):
2253 # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
2254 # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
2255 # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
2256 # saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
2257 # (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
2258 # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
2259 # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
2260 # September 30, 2001.
2261 # References: "Diario de Monterrey" <http://www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
2262 # Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31)
2263 
2264 # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
2265 # Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
2266 # unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
2267 # capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
2268 # next year....  The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
2269 # a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
2270 # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
2271 # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
2272 
2273 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
2274 # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
2275 # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
2276 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
2277 # confirms this.  Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
2278 
2279 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
2280 #
2281 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2282 # > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
2283 # > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
2284 # > the United States.
2285 # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
2286 # 2010, some border regions will be the same:

2287 # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/


2288 # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939

2289 # (Spanish)
2290 #
2291 # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:

2292 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf

2293 # (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
2294 #
2295 # There is also a list of the votes here:

2296 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html

2297 #
2298 # Our page:

2299 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html

2300 
2301 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
2302 # The page

2303 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010

2304 # includes this text:
2305 # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
2306 # Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
2307 # Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
2308 # Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
2309 # desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
2310 # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2311 # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
2312 # fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
2313 # internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
2314 # kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
2315 # interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
2316 # efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
2317 # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2318 
2319 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2320 Rule    Mexico  1939    only    -       Feb     5       0:00    1:00    D
2321 Rule    Mexico  1939    only    -       Jun     25      0:00    0       S
2322 Rule    Mexico  1940    only    -       Dec     9       0:00    1:00    D
2323 Rule    Mexico  1941    only    -       Apr     1       0:00    0       S
2324 Rule    Mexico  1943    only    -       Dec     16      0:00    1:00    W # War
2325 Rule    Mexico  1944    only    -       May     1       0:00    0       S
2326 Rule    Mexico  1950    only    -       Feb     12      0:00    1:00    D
2327 Rule    Mexico  1950    only    -       Jul     30      0:00    0       S
2328 Rule    Mexico  1996    2000    -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
2329 Rule    Mexico  1996    2000    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2330 Rule    Mexico  2001    only    -       May     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
2331 Rule    Mexico  2001    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2332 Rule    Mexico  2002    max     -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
2333 Rule    Mexico  2002    max     -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2334 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2335 # Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
2336 Zone America/Cancun     -5:47:04 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:12:56
2337                         -6:00   -       CST     1981 Dec 23
2338                         -5:00   Mexico  E%sT    1998 Aug  2  2:00
2339                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2340 # Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida
2341 Zone America/Merida     -5:58:28 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:01:32
2342                         -6:00   -       CST     1981 Dec 23
2343                         -5:00   -       EST     1982 Dec  2
2344                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2345 # Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
2346 Zone America/Matamoros  -6:40:00 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
2347                         -6:00   -       CST     1988
2348                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1989
2349                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2010
2350                         -6:00   US      C%sT
2351 # Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
2352 Zone America/Monterrey  -6:41:16 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
2353                         -6:00   -       CST     1988
2354                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1989
2355                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2356 # Central Mexico
2357 Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -     LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:23:24
2358                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2359                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2360                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2361                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2362                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2363                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2001 Sep 30  2:00
2364                         -6:00   -       CST     2002 Feb 20
2365                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2366 # Chihuahua (near US border)
2367 Zone America/Ojinaga    -6:57:40 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:02:20
2368                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2369                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2370                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2371                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2372                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2373                         -6:00   -       CST     1996
2374                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    1998
2375                         -6:00   -       CST     1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
2376                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    2010
2377                         -7:00   US      M%sT
2378 # Chihuahua (away from US border)
2379 Zone America/Chihuahua  -7:04:20 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
2380                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2381                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2382                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2383                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2384                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2385                         -6:00   -       CST     1996
2386                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    1998
2387                         -6:00   -       CST     1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
2388                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT
2389 # Sonora
2390 Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
2391                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2392                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2393                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2394                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2395                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2396                         -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2397                         -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2398                         -8:00   -       PST     1970
2399                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    1999
2400                         -7:00   -       MST
2401 
2402 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
2403 # According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
2404 # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
2405 # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
2406 #
2407 # (Spanish)
2408 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
2409 # país, a partir de este domingo

2410 # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748

2411 #
2412 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
2413 # País
2414 # http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50


2415 #
2416 # (English)
2417 # Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone

2418 # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml




2419 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html

2420 #
2421 # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
2422 # will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
2423 # zone ..."
2424 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
2425 
2426 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
2427 # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
2428 
2429 # Mazatlán
2430 Zone America/Mazatlan   -7:05:40 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
2431                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2432                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2433                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2434                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2435                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2436                         -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2437                         -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2438                         -8:00   -       PST     1970
2439                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT
2440 
2441 # Bahía de Banderas
2442 Zone America/Bahia_Banderas     -7:01:00 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
2443                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2444                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2445                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2446                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2447                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2448                         -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2449                         -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2450                         -8:00   -       PST     1970
2451                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    2010 Apr  4  2:00
2452                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2453 
2454 # Baja California (near US border)
2455 Zone America/Tijuana    -7:48:04 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:11:56
2456                         -7:00   -       MST     1924
2457                         -8:00   -       PST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2458                         -7:00   -       MST     1930 Nov 15
2459                         -8:00   -       PST     1931 Apr  1
2460                         -8:00   1:00    PDT     1931 Sep 30
2461                         -8:00   -       PST     1942 Apr 24


2478                         -7:00   -       MST     1930 Nov 15
2479                         -8:00   -       PST     1931 Apr  1
2480                         -8:00   1:00    PDT     1931 Sep 30
2481                         -8:00   -       PST     1942 Apr 24
2482                         -8:00   1:00    PWT     1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2483                         -8:00   1:00    PPT     1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2484                         -8:00   -       PST     1948 Apr  5
2485                         -8:00   1:00    PDT     1949 Jan 14
2486                         -8:00   -       PST     1954
2487                         -8:00   CA      P%sT    1961
2488                         -8:00   -       PST     1976
2489                         -8:00   US      P%sT    1996
2490                         -8:00   Mexico  P%sT    2001
2491                         -8:00   US      P%sT    2002 Feb 20
2492                         -8:00   Mexico  P%sT
2493 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2494 # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
2495 # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
2496 # through 1995.  This was as per Shanks (1999).  But Shanks & Pottenger say
2497 # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975.  Guy Harris reports
2498 # that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicali, San Felipe and
2499 # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
2500 # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then.  This concerns
2501 # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
2502 # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
2503 # name or contents should be.
2504 #
2505 # Revillagigedo Is
2506 # no information
2507 
2508 ###############################################################################
2509 
2510 # Anguilla
2511 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
2512 
2513 # Antigua and Barbuda
2514 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2515 Zone    America/Antigua -4:07:12 -      LMT     1912 Mar 2
2516                         -5:00   -       EST     1951
2517                         -4:00   -       AST
2518 
2519 # Bahamas
2520 #
2521 # For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
2522 #
2523 # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
2524 # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
2525 # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
2526 # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
2527 
2528 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2529 Rule    Bahamas 1964    1975    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2530 Rule    Bahamas 1964    1975    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2531 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]


2571 # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
2572 # in March, until the first Sunday in November.  And, after the Time Zone
2573 # (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
2574 # Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
2575 # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
2576 
2577 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2578 Zone Atlantic/Bermuda   -4:19:18 -      LMT     1930 Jan  1  2:00 # Hamilton
2579                         -4:00   -       AST     1974 Apr 28  2:00
2580                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1976
2581                         -4:00   US      A%sT
2582 
2583 # Cayman Is
2584 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2585 Zone    America/Cayman  -5:25:32 -      LMT     1890     # Georgetown
2586                         -5:07:11 -      KMT     1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
2587                         -5:00   -       EST
2588 
2589 # Costa Rica
2590 
2591 # Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
2592 
2593 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2594 Rule    CR      1979    1980    -       Feb     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
2595 Rule    CR      1979    1980    -       Jun     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
2596 Rule    CR      1991    1992    -       Jan     Sat>=15      0:00    1:00    D
2597 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
2598 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2599 Rule    CR      1991    only    -       Jul      1      0:00    0       S
2600 Rule    CR      1992    only    -       Mar     15      0:00    0       S
2601 # There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
2602 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2603 Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 -      LMT     1890        # San José
2604                         -5:36:13 -      SJMT    1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
2605                         -6:00   CR      C%sT
2606 # Coco
2607 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
2608 
2609 # Cuba
2610 
2611 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2612 # Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57
2613 # for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations.
2614 # For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger.
2615 
2616 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
2617 # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
2618 # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
2619 # the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
2620 # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
2621 # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
2622 # Time today."  (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
2623 # sleep on 1999-03-28 - when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
2624 # to DST - and one more hour on 1999-04-04 - when the announcers will have
2625 # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
2626 
2627 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11):
2628 # DST start in Cuba in 2004 ... does not follow the same rules as the
2629 # years before.  The correct date should be Sunday 2004-03-28 00:00 ...
2630 # https://web.archive.org/web/20040402060750/http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2004/marzo/sab27/reloj.html
2631 
2632 # From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
2633 # Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
2634 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2635 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
2636 # says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
2637 # thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
2638 # to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
2639 # For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
2640 
2641 # From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
2642 # This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
2643 # adjustment in Cuba.  We will stay in daylight saving time:
2644 # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
2645 
2646 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
2647 # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
2648 # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
2649 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
2650 # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
2651 # watches should be set back one hour - going back to 00:00 hours - returning
2652 # to the normal schedule....
2653 
2654 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
2655 # <http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html>, dated yesterday,
2656 # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
2657 # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
2658 # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
2659 #
2660 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
2661 # Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week
2662 # earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
2663 #
2664 # He supplied these references:
2665 #
2666 # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
2667 # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
2668 #
2669 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2007-10-25):
2670 # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
2671 #
2672 # Regirá el Horario Normal desde el próximo domingo 28 de octubre
2673 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
2674 #
2675 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
2676 
2677 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
2678 # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
2679 # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to

2680 # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
2681 # a Cuban information station, and heard
2682 # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
2683 # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
2684 
2685 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
2686 # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
2687 # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):

2688 # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm

2689 #
2690 # Some more background information is posted here:

2691 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html

2692 #
2693 # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
2694 # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
2695 # 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been
2696 # observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception
2697 # which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to
2698 # change some historic records as well.
2699 #
2700 # One example:

2701 # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm

2702 
2703 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
2704 # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
2705 # web site, the Granma.  Please check out

2706 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html

2707 #
2708 # Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsen's information, the change
2709 # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
2710 
2711 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
2712 # Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward.
2713 
2714 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04)
2715 # According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on
2716 # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
2717 # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
2718 #

2719 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
2720 # (in Spanish)

2721 
2722 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
2723 # I listened over the Internet to

2724 # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj

2725 # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
2726 # the time was announced as "diez cinco" - the same time as here, indicating
2727 # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
2728 
2729 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
2730 # Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
2731 # this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
2732 # changed at all).
2733 #
2734 # Source:

2735 # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html

2736 #
2737 # Our info:

2738 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html

2739 #
2740 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
2741 # Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
2742 # tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
2743 #
2744 # One source (Spanish)

2745 # http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html

2746 #
2747 # Our page:

2748 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html

2749 #
2750 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
2751 # According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
2752 # 31 and April 1.
2753 #
2754 # Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):

2755 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril

2756 #
2757 # Our info on it:

2758 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html

2759 
2760 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
2761 # Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
2762 # to standard time on 2012-11-04:
2763 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/36-nacionales/9961-regira-horario-normal-en-cuba-desde-el-domingo-cuatro-de-noviembre
2764 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-03):
2765 # For now, assume the future rule is first Sunday in November.
2766 
2767 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2768 Rule    Cuba    1928    only    -       Jun     10      0:00    1:00    D
2769 Rule    Cuba    1928    only    -       Oct     10      0:00    0       S
2770 Rule    Cuba    1940    1942    -       Jun     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
2771 Rule    Cuba    1940    1942    -       Sep     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
2772 Rule    Cuba    1945    1946    -       Jun     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
2773 Rule    Cuba    1945    1946    -       Sep     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
2774 Rule    Cuba    1965    only    -       Jun     1       0:00    1:00    D
2775 Rule    Cuba    1965    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    0       S
2776 Rule    Cuba    1966    only    -       May     29      0:00    1:00    D
2777 Rule    Cuba    1966    only    -       Oct     2       0:00    0       S
2778 Rule    Cuba    1967    only    -       Apr     8       0:00    1:00    D


2794 Rule    Cuba    1998    1999    -       Mar     lastSun 0:00s   1:00    D
2795 Rule    Cuba    1998    2003    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00s   0       S
2796 Rule    Cuba    2000    2003    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:00s   1:00    D
2797 Rule    Cuba    2004    only    -       Mar     lastSun 0:00s   1:00    D
2798 Rule    Cuba    2006    2010    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00s   0       S
2799 Rule    Cuba    2007    only    -       Mar     Sun>=8       0:00s   1:00    D
2800 Rule    Cuba    2008    only    -       Mar     Sun>=15      0:00s   1:00    D
2801 Rule    Cuba    2009    2010    -       Mar     Sun>=8       0:00s   1:00    D
2802 Rule    Cuba    2011    only    -       Mar     Sun>=15      0:00s   1:00    D
2803 Rule    Cuba    2011    only    -       Nov     13      0:00s   0       S
2804 Rule    Cuba    2012    only    -       Apr     1       0:00s   1:00    D
2805 Rule    Cuba    2012    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1       0:00s   0       S
2806 Rule    Cuba    2013    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8       0:00s   1:00    D
2807 
2808 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2809 Zone    America/Havana  -5:29:28 -      LMT     1890
2810                         -5:29:36 -      HMT     1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
2811                         -5:00   Cuba    C%sT
2812 
2813 # Dominica
2814 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
2815 
2816 # Dominican Republic
2817 
2818 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
2819 # Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
2820 # time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
2821 # http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
2822 
2823 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
2824 # That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
2825 
2826 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
2827 # Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
2828 # November 28, 2000, with a new decree.  On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
2829 # Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
2830 # Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future.  The reason they
2831 # decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
2832 # to implement DST.  When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
2833 # decided to revert.
2834 
2835 
2836 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2837 Rule    DR      1966    only    -       Oct     30      0:00    1:00    D
2838 Rule    DR      1967    only    -       Feb     28      0:00    0       S
2839 Rule    DR      1969    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0:30    HD
2840 Rule    DR      1970    only    -       Feb     21      0:00    0       S
2841 Rule    DR      1971    only    -       Jan     20      0:00    0       S
2842 Rule    DR      1972    1974    -       Jan     21      0:00    0       S
2843 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2844 Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 -   LMT     1890
2845                         -4:40   -       SDMT    1933 Apr  1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
2846                         -5:00   DR      E%sT    1974 Oct 27
2847                         -4:00   -       AST     2000 Oct 29  2:00
2848                         -5:00   US      E%sT    2000 Dec  3  1:00
2849                         -4:00   -       AST
2850 
2851 # El Salvador
2852 
2853 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2854 Rule    Salv    1987    1988    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
2855 Rule    Salv    1987    1988    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
2856 # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
2857 # instead of America/San_Salvador.
2858 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2859 Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -     LMT     1921 # San Salvador
2860                         -6:00   Salv    C%sT
2861 
2862 # Grenada
2863 # Guadeloupe
2864 # St Barthélemy
2865 # St Martin (French part)
2866 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
2867 
2868 # Guatemala
2869 #
2870 # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
2871 # Diario Co Latino, at
2872 # <http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079>,
2873 # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
2874 # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
2875 # impact of the elevated cost of oil....  Daylight saving time will last from
2876 # 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
2877 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
2878 # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
2879 # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00.  See
2880 # http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf
2881 
2882 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2883 Rule    Guat    1973    only    -       Nov     25      0:00    1:00    D
2884 Rule    Guat    1974    only    -       Feb     24      0:00    0       S
2885 Rule    Guat    1983    only    -       May     21      0:00    1:00    D
2886 Rule    Guat    1983    only    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       S
2887 Rule    Guat    1991    only    -       Mar     23      0:00    1:00    D
2888 Rule    Guat    1991    only    -       Sep      7      0:00    0       S
2889 Rule    Guat    2006    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    D
2890 Rule    Guat    2006    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       S
2891 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2892 Zone America/Guatemala  -6:02:04 -      LMT     1918 Oct 5
2893                         -6:00   Guat    C%sT
2894 
2895 # Haiti
2896 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
2897 # Risto O. Nykänen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
2898 # I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release

2899 # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
2900 # <http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc>.  Translated from French, it says:
2901 #
2902 #  "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
2903 #   and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
2904 #   Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
2905 #   provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
2906 #   Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
2907 #
2908 #  "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
2909 #   the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
2910 #   starting at midnight.  This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
2911 #   October 2005.
2912 #
2913 #  "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
2914 #
2915 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
2916 # I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
2917 # last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
2918 # "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
2919 # next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
2920 #


2957 Rule    Haiti   1988    1997    -       Oct     lastSun 1:00s   0       S
2958 Rule    Haiti   2005    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
2959 Rule    Haiti   2005    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
2960 Rule    Haiti   2012    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
2961 Rule    Haiti   2012    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1       2:00    0       S
2962 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2963 Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 -  LMT     1890
2964                         -4:49   -       PPMT    1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
2965                         -5:00   Haiti   E%sT
2966 
2967 # Honduras
2968 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
2969 
2970 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
2971 # worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
2972 # saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
2973 # months until September.  La Tribuna reported today
2974 # <http://www.latribuna.hn/99299.html> that Manuel Zelaya, the president
2975 # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
2976 
2977 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
2978 # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
2979 # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
2980 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
2981 
2982 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
2983 # Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08).
2984 # http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12
2985 # It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
2986 
2987 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2988 # Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
2989 # published, I have located this authoritative source:
2990 # http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
2991 
2992 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
2993 # http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
2994 # So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
2995 
2996 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2997 Rule    Hond    1987    1988    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
2998 Rule    Hond    1987    1988    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
2999 Rule    Hond    2006    only    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
3000 Rule    Hond    2006    only    -       Aug     Mon>=1       0:00    0       S
3001 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3002 Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 -     LMT     1921 Apr
3003                         -6:00   Hond    C%sT
3004 #


3007 # Jamaica
3008 # Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
3009 # unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
3010 # island".  Go with Milne.  Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
3011 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3012 Zone    America/Jamaica -5:07:11 -      LMT     1890        # Kingston
3013                         -5:07:11 -      KMT     1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
3014                         -5:00   -       EST     1974 Apr 28  2:00
3015                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1984
3016                         -5:00   -       EST
3017 
3018 # Martinique
3019 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3020 Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 -      LMT     1890        # Fort-de-France
3021                         -4:04:20 -      FFMT    1911 May    # Fort-de-France MT
3022                         -4:00   -       AST     1980 Apr  6
3023                         -4:00   1:00    ADT     1980 Sep 28
3024                         -4:00   -       AST
3025 
3026 # Montserrat
3027 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3028 
3029 # Nicaragua
3030 #
3031 # This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
3032 #
3033 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
3034 # I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
3035 # DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
3036 # expensive petroleum.  The exact end date for DST is not yet
3037 # announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
3038 # Some background information is available on the President's official site:
3039 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
3040 # The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
3041 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
3042 #
3043 # From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
3044 # The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
3045 # assume that it is daylight saving....
3046 #
3047 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
3048 # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
3049 # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
3050 # and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
3051 # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
3052 # during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."...
3053 # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
3054 # since December 1998.  I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
3055 # changes in 2000.  Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
3056 # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
3057 #
3058 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
3059 # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
3060 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
3061 # (2005-09-26)
3062 #
3063 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
3064 # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
3065 # (my informal translation)
3066 # By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua
3067 # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
3068 # morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September.
3069 #
3070 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
3071 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
3072 # My informal translation runs:
3073 # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
3074 # time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
3075 #
3076 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3077 Rule    Nic     1979    1980    -       Mar     Sun>=16      0:00    1:00    D
3078 Rule    Nic     1979    1980    -       Jun     Mon>=23      0:00    0       S
3079 Rule    Nic     2005    only    -       Apr     10      0:00    1:00    D
3080 Rule    Nic     2005    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
3081 Rule    Nic     2006    only    -       Apr     30      2:00    1:00    D
3082 Rule    Nic     2006    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1       1:00    0       S
3083 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3084 Zone    America/Managua -5:45:08 -      LMT     1890
3085                         -5:45:12 -      MMT     1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
3086                         -6:00   -       CST     1973 May
3087                         -5:00   -       EST     1975 Feb 16
3088                         -6:00   Nic     C%sT    1992 Jan  1  4:00
3089                         -5:00   -       EST     1992 Sep 24
3090                         -6:00   -       CST     1993
3091                         -5:00   -       EST     1997
3092                         -6:00   Nic     C%sT
3093 
3094 # Panama
3095 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3096 Zone    America/Panama  -5:18:08 -      LMT     1890
3097                         -5:19:36 -      CMT     1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
3098                         -5:00   -       EST
3099 
3100 # Puerto Rico
3101 # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
3102 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3103 Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -     LMT     1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
3104                         -4:00   -       AST     1942 May  3
3105                         -4:00   US      A%sT    1946
3106                         -4:00   -       AST
3107 
3108 # St Kitts-Nevis
3109 # St Lucia
3110 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3111 
3112 # St Pierre and Miquelon
3113 # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
3114 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3115 Zone America/Miquelon   -3:44:40 -      LMT     1911 May 15 # St Pierre
3116                         -4:00   -       AST     1980 May
3117                         -3:00   -       PMST    1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
3118                         -3:00   Canada  PM%sT
3119 
3120 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
3121 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3122 
3123 # Turks and Caicos
3124 #
3125 # From Chris Dunn in
3126 # http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007
3127 # (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
3128 # daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
3129 # the recent U.S. change of dates.
3130 #
3131 # From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
3132 # http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
3133 # there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
3134 # rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
3135 # "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
3136 # Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
3137 # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
3138 #
3139 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
3140 # The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UTC-4 year-round.  See:
3141 # http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
3142 # Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST on 2014-11-02 at 02:00.
3143 #






3144 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3145 Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 -      LMT     1890
3146                         -5:07:11 -      KMT     1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
3147                         -5:00   -       EST     1979
3148                         -5:00   US      E%sT    2014 Nov  2  2:00
3149                         -4:00   -       AST
3150 
3151 # British Virgin Is
3152 # Virgin Is
3153 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3154 
3155 
3156 # Local Variables:
3157 # coding: utf-8
3158 # End: