1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 26 27 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 30 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 31 32 # From Paul Eggert (2014-05-31): 33 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 34 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 35 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 36 # 37 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 38 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 39 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 40 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 41 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 42 # 43 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 44 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 45 # 46 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 47 # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 48 # 49 # Other sources occasionally used include: 50 # 51 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 52 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 53 # which I found in the UCLA library. 54 # 55 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition 56 # <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf> 57 # [PDF] (1914-03) 58 # 59 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 60 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes: 61 # "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables 62 # may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, 63 # Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. 64 # 65 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 66 # This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see 67 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html 68 # The full Russian citation is: 69 # Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток 70 # введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го 71 # июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград: 72 # Десятая гос. тип., 1919. 73 # http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf 74 # 75 # Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO), 76 # History of Summer Time 77 # <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm> 78 # (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 79 80 # 81 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 82 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 83 # Corrections are welcome! 84 # std dst 2dst 85 # LMT Local Mean Time 86 # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 87 # -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 88 # -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 89 # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 90 # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 91 # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 92 # 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* 93 # 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* 94 # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 95 # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* 96 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 97 # 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe* 98 # 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Moscow 99 100 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), 101 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 102 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 103 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 104 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 105 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 106 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 107 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 108 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 109 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 110 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 111 # ... 112 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 113 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 114 # ... 115 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 116 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 117 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 118 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 119 # in the Directive. 120 121 122 ############################################################################### 123 124 # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 125 126 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 127 # 128 # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 129 # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 130 # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 131 # of the text said: 132 # 133 # 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 134 # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 135 # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 136 # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 137 # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 138 # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 139 # along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 140 # 141 # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 142 # position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should 143 # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 144 # 145 # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 146 147 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 148 # 149 # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 150 # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 151 # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 152 # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 153 # and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 154 # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 155 # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 156 # (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 157 # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 158 # adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 159 # The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 160 # and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 161 # railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 162 # clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 163 # on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 164 # one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 165 # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 166 # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 167 # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 168 # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 169 # 170 # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 171 # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 172 # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 173 174 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19): 175 # The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time 176 # informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year. 177 # Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the 178 # New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946), 179 # whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value 180 # after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research. 181 # In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society 182 # that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See: 183 # Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg. 184 # Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734 185 # http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html 186 # Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal 187 # did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten. 188 # 189 # In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915), 190 # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 191 # who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907) 192 # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 193 # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 194 # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 195 # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 196 # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 197 # it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 198 # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 199 # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in 200 # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular 201 # subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 202 # designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial, 203 # which is permanently set to Summer Time. 204 205 # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 206 # It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 207 # summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 208 # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 209 # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 210 # foundations of civilization throughout the world. 211 # -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly; 212 # republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26 213 # http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf 214 215 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 216 # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" 217 # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 218 # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 219 # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer". 220 221 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 222 # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 223 # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 224 225 # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 226 # From: Jonathan Leffler 227 # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 228 # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 229 # politics making a fortune, not computing. 230 231 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): 232 # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 233 # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 234 # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 235 # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 236 237 # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 238 # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 239 # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 240 # agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 241 242 # From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): 243 # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 244 # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 245 # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 246 # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 247 # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. 248 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png 249 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png 250 251 # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 252 # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 253 # which is to be introduced in May.... 254 # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 255 # which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 256 257 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 258 # Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common 259 # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 260 # so we use 'BDST'. 261 262 # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 263 # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 264 # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 265 # and extending this list, which can be found in 266 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ 267 268 # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): 269 # 270 # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 271 # see Lord Tanlaw's speech 272 # http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0 273 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976). 274 275 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 276 # 277 # For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. 278 # 279 # Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger 280 # are incorrect: 281 # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 282 # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 283 # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 284 # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 285 # It actually just had one transition. 286 # * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 287 # Actually, it conformed to Britain. 288 # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 289 # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 290 # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 291 # 292 # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: 293 # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 294 # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 295 # conform with Great Britain. 296 # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 297 # 298 # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; 299 # we'll ignore it for now. 300 # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 301 # 302 # 303 # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than 304 # Shanks & Pottenger. 305 # Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory 306 # (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was 307 # to London. For example: 308 # 309 # "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 310 # -- James Joyce, Ulysses 311 312 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): 313 # Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>. 314 # These include various relating to legal time, for example: 315 # 316 # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html 317 # 318 # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html 319 # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html 320 # 321 # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html 322 # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html 323 # ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html 324 # 325 # ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html 326 # ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html 327 # ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html 328 # 329 # [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is 330 # <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] 331 # 332 # (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these 333 # should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 334 # the laws applicable in Ireland.) 335 # 336 # (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 337 # in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 338 # is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 339 # being GMT+1.) 340 341 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 342 # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 343 # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 344 # (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 345 # Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 346 # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 347 # and Frethun run in CT. 348 # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 349 # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 350 # and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 351 # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 352 # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 353 # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 354 355 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 356 # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 357 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. 358 # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 359 # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 360 # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 361 # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 362 363 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 364 # Summer Time Act, 1916 365 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 366 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 367 # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 368 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 369 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 370 # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 371 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 372 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 373 # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 374 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 375 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 376 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 377 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 378 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 379 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 380 # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 381 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 382 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 383 # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 384 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 385 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 386 # The Summer Time Act, 1922 387 Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 388 Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 389 Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 390 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 391 # The Summer Time Act, 1925 392 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 393 Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 394 Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 395 Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 396 Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 397 Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 398 Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 399 Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 400 Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 401 Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 402 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 403 # S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 404 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 405 # S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 406 Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 407 # S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 408 Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 409 Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 410 # S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 411 Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 412 # S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 413 Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 414 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 415 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 416 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 417 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 418 Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 419 Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 420 # The Summer Time Act, 1947 421 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 422 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 423 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 424 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 425 # Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 426 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 427 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 428 # Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 429 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 430 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 431 # Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 432 # Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 433 # Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 434 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 435 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 436 # revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 437 Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 438 Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 439 Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 440 Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 441 Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 442 Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 443 Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 444 # Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 445 # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 446 # Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 447 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 448 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 449 # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 450 # Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 451 # Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 452 Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 453 # Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 454 Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 455 # The British Standard Time Act, 1968 456 # (no summer time) 457 # The Summer Time Act, 1972 458 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 459 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 460 # Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 461 # Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 462 # Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 463 # Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 464 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 465 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 466 # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 467 # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 468 # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 469 Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 470 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 471 # See EU for rules starting in 1996. 472 # 473 # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. 474 475 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 476 Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 477 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 478 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 479 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 480 0:00 EU GMT/BST 481 Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey 482 Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey 483 Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man 484 485 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 486 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 487 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 488 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 489 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 490 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 491 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 492 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 493 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 494 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 495 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 496 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 497 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 498 0:00 EU GMT/IST 499 500 ############################################################################### 501 502 # Europe 503 504 # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 505 # Common Market, etc. 506 507 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 508 Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 509 Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 510 Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 511 Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 512 Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 513 Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 514 # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 515 # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 516 # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. 517 # http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT 518 519 # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 520 Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 521 Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 522 Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 523 Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 524 Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 525 Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 526 527 # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 528 # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 529 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 530 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 531 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 532 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 533 Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 534 Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 535 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 536 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 537 Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 538 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 539 Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 540 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13): 541 # 542 # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s 543 # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was 544 # corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the 545 # tz database itself, as seen below: 546 # 547 # Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 548 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 549 # 550 # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 551 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 552 # 553 # Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 554 # 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 555 # 556 # Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 557 # Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 558 # Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 559 # 560 # The rule line to be changed is: 561 # 562 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - 563 # 564 # It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on 565 # 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no 566 # countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items 567 # affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms 568 # CET and MET: 569 # 570 # Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 571 # Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 572 # 573 # It this is right then the corrected version would look like: 574 # 575 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 576 # 577 # A small step for mankind though 8-) 578 Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 579 Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 580 Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 581 Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 582 Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 583 Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 584 Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 585 586 # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 587 Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 588 Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 589 Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 590 Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 591 Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 592 Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 593 594 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 595 Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 596 Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 597 Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 598 Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 599 Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 600 Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD 601 Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK 602 Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD 603 Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer 604 Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD 605 Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 606 # Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 607 Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 608 Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 609 # Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 610 # Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 611 Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 612 Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 613 # 614 Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 615 Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 616 Rule Russia 1993 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 617 Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 618 Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 619 620 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14): 621 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev 622 # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011. 623 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. 624 # 625 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): 626 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 627 # 628 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): 629 # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html 630 631 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 632 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered 633 # to be standard. 634 635 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 636 637 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 638 Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 639 Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 640 Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 641 Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 642 643 # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 644 # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 645 646 # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): 647 # The official German names ... are 648 # 649 # Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 650 # Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 651 # 652 # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 653 # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 654 # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 655 # 656 # Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 657 # Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 658 # Postfach 3345 659 # D-38023 Braunschweig 660 # phone: +49 531 592-0 661 # 662 # ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 663 # department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 664 # PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 665 # 666 # Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 667 # Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 668 669 670 # Albania 671 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 672 Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 673 Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 674 Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 675 Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 676 Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 677 Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 678 Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 679 Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 680 Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 681 Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 682 Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 683 Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 684 Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 685 Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 686 Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 687 Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 688 Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 689 Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 690 Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 691 Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 692 Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 693 Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 694 Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 695 Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 696 Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 697 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 698 Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 699 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 700 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 701 1:00 EU CE%sT 702 703 # Andorra 704 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 705 Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 706 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 707 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 708 1:00 EU CE%sT 709 710 # Austria 711 712 # Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21. 713 714 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and 715 # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 716 # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 717 # date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 718 # Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, 719 # and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. 720 721 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 722 Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 723 Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 724 Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 725 Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 726 Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 727 Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 728 Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 729 Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 730 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 731 Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr 732 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 733 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 734 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 735 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 736 1:00 - CET 1946 737 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 738 1:00 EU CE%sT 739 740 # Belarus 741 # From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16): 742 # By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to 743 # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). 744 # 745 # Sources (Russian language): 746 # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html 747 # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ 748 # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html 749 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 750 Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 751 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 752 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 753 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 754 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 755 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 756 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 757 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 758 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s 759 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s 760 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 761 3:00 - FET 762 763 # Belgium 764 # 765 # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 766 # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 767 # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 768 # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991 769 # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 770 # pp 8-9. 771 # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 772 # Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 773 # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. 774 # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 775 # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 776 # 777 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 778 Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 779 Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 780 Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 781 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 782 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 783 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 784 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 785 Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 786 Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 787 Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 788 Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 789 Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 790 # DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 791 # Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 792 # to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 793 # changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 794 Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 795 Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 796 Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 797 Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 798 Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 799 Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 800 Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 801 Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 802 Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 803 Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 804 Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 805 Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 806 Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 807 Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 808 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 809 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 810 Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 811 Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 812 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 813 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 814 Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 815 Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 816 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 817 Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 818 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 819 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 820 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 821 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 822 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 823 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 824 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 825 1:00 EU CE%sT 826 827 # Bosnia and Herzegovina 828 # See Europe/Belgrade. 829 830 # Bulgaria 831 # 832 # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 833 # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 834 # EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 835 # EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 836 # 837 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 838 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 839 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 840 Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S 841 Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 842 Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 843 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 844 Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 845 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 846 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 847 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 848 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 849 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 850 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 851 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 852 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 853 2:00 EU EE%sT 854 855 # Croatia 856 # See Europe/Belgrade. 857 858 # Cyprus 859 # Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. 860 861 # Czech Republic 862 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 863 Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 864 Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 865 Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 866 Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 867 Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 868 Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 869 Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 870 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 871 Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 872 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 873 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 874 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 875 1:00 EU CE%sT 876 # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia. 877 878 # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland 879 880 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 881 # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law 882 # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 883 # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL 884 # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 885 # 886 # The EU treaty with effect from 1973: 887 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL 888 # 889 # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 890 # in subsequent decrees with the law 891 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL 892 # 893 # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 894 # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 895 # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 896 # 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 897 # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 898 # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 899 # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 900 # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 901 # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 902 # was suspended on that night): 903 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL 904 905 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 906 # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 907 # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 908 909 # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 910 # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 911 # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 912 913 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 914 Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 915 Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 916 Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 917 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 918 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 919 Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 920 Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 921 Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 922 Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 923 Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 924 Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 925 # 926 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 927 Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 928 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 929 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 930 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 931 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 932 1:00 EU CE%sT 933 Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn 934 0:00 - WET 1981 935 0:00 EU WE%sT 936 # 937 # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): 938 # During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in 939 # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. 940 # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. 941 # 942 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 943 # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 944 # and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 945 # rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb 946 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 947 # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 948 949 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing 950 # <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 951 # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: 952 # 953 # Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 954 # is according to the following time line: 955 # 956 # The military zone near Thule UTC-4 957 # Standard Greenland time UTC-3 958 # Scoresbysund UTC-1 959 # Danmarkshavn UTC 960 # 961 # In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 962 # introduced. 963 964 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): 965 # 966 # I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 967 # the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 968 # not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 969 # info from earlier correspondence.] 970 # 971 # According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 972 # Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 973 # savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... 974 # 975 # The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund 976 # uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. 977 # There are just a few stations on this coast, including the 978 # Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th 979 # email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in 980 # Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the 981 # DPC research station at Zackenberg. 982 # 983 # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use 984 # the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb). 985 # 986 # The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it 987 # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time 988 # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. 989 # 990 # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and 991 # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators 992 # maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of 993 # this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be 994 # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. 995 996 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): 997 # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place 998 # there at 2:00 AM. 999 1000 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1001 # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; 1002 # the 1995 map as like Godthåb. 1003 # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996. 1004 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, 1005 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. 1006 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. 1007 # 1008 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1009 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1010 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 1011 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1012 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1013 Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1014 Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 1015 # 1016 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1017 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 1018 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1019 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 1020 0:00 - GMT 1021 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 1022 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1023 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 1024 -1:00 EU EG%sT 1025 Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 1026 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1027 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1028 Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 1029 -4:00 Thule A%sT 1030 1031 # Estonia 1032 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 1033 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 1034 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 1035 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 1036 # 1037 # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 1038 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 1039 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 1040 # "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 1041 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 1042 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 1043 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 1044 # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 1045 # summer time next spring." 1046 1047 # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 1048 # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 1049 # http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390 1050 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 1051 # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120). 1052 # 1053 # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 1054 # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 1055 # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 1056 1057 # From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09) 1058 # via Steffen Thorsen: 1059 # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 1060 # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 1061 # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 1062 # Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 1063 # for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 1064 # after that. 1065 1066 # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 1067 # Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 1068 # no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 1069 # the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 1070 1071 # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): 1072 # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. 1073 # Now we are using again EU rules. 1074 # 1075 # From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28): 1076 # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. 1077 1078 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1079 Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1080 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1081 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1082 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 1083 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 1084 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1085 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 1086 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1087 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 1088 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 1089 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 1090 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 1091 2:00 EU EE%sT 1092 1093 # Finland 1094 1095 # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 1096 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1097 # and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1098 1099 # From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15): 1100 # 1101 # I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. 1102 # During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour 1103 # earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made 1104 # according to the central European standards. 1105 # 1106 # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac 1107 # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in 1108 # Finnish) at 1109 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf 1110 # 1111 # Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings 1112 # transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. 1113 # 1114 # This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: 1115 # http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 1116 # 1117 # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not 1118 # exist tonight." 1119 1120 # From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13): 1121 # [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013] 1122 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf 1123 # pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942 1124 # say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942, 1125 # 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper 1126 # mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday".... 1127 # On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards. 1128 # 1129 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14): 1130 # Go with Oja over Shanks. 1131 1132 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1133 Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S 1134 Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 - 1135 Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1136 Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1137 1138 # Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document); 1139 # round to nearest. 1140 1141 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1142 Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31 1143 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1144 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 1145 2:00 EU EE%sT 1146 1147 # Åland Is 1148 Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn 1149 1150 1151 # France 1152 1153 # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 1154 # 1155 # Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions 1156 # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 1157 # 1158 # Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel, 1159 # Paris, 1991 1160 # 1161 # Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie, 1162 # Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987 1163 1164 1165 # 1166 # Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. 1167 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1168 Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1169 Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 1170 Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1171 Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1172 Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1173 Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1174 Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 1175 Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1176 Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 1177 Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1178 # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 1179 # Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 1180 # were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1181 Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1182 Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1183 Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1184 Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 1185 Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1186 Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1187 Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1188 Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1189 Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 1190 Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1191 Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1192 Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1193 Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1194 Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1195 Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1196 Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1197 Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1198 Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1199 Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1200 Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1201 # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger 1202 # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 1203 # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez, 1204 # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La 1205 # Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, 1206 # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 1207 # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois, 1208 # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). 1209 Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1210 # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 1211 # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), 1212 # who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 1213 # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 1214 Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 1215 Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 1216 Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 1217 Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 1218 Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 1219 Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 1220 Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 1221 Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 1222 Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1223 # Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 1224 # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 1225 Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 1226 Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 1227 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, 1228 # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 1229 # Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 1230 # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 1231 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1232 Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 1233 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT 1234 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 1235 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 1236 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 1237 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1238 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 1239 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1240 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1241 1:00 EU CE%sT 1242 1243 # Germany 1244 1245 # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): 1246 # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 1247 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 1248 # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] 1249 1250 # From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1251 # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by 1252 # http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/ 1253 # General [Nikolai] Bersarin. 1254 1255 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 1256 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf 1257 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 1258 # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1259 # this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. 1260 1261 1262 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1263 Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 1264 Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1265 Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1266 # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition 1267 # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. 1268 # Go with the PTB. 1269 Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S 1270 Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 1271 Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 1272 Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1273 Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1274 1275 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1276 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S 1277 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1278 1279 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1280 Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1281 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1282 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 1283 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 1284 1:00 EU CE%sT 1285 1286 # From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): 1287 # Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton 1288 # Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE 1289 # (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. 1290 # DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, 1291 # which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. 1292 # 1293 # Source for the time in Büsingen 1980: 1294 # http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 1295 1296 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): 1297 # Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. 1298 1299 Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen 1300 1301 # Georgia 1302 # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. 1303 # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) 1304 # is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. 1305 1306 # Gibraltar 1307 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1308 Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s 1309 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 1310 1:00 - CET 1982 1311 1:00 EU CE%sT 1312 1313 # Greece 1314 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1315 # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1316 Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 1317 Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1318 # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1319 Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 1320 # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1321 Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1322 Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 1323 Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1324 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1325 Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1326 Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 1327 Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 1328 Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 1329 Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 1330 Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 1331 Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1332 Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 1333 Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 1334 Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 1335 Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1336 Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1337 Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1338 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1339 Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 1340 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 1341 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1342 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 1343 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1344 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; 1345 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 1346 2:00 EU EE%sT 1347 1348 # Hungary 1349 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 1350 # Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from: 1351 # Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945. 1352 # National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29). 1353 # http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html 1354 # This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks 1355 # & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates). 1356 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1357 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 1358 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1359 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 1360 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 - 1361 Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 1362 Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1363 Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 1364 Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1365 Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 1366 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1367 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 1368 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 1369 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1370 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1371 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1372 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 1373 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1374 Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 1375 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1376 Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 1377 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1378 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8 1379 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1380 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1381 1:00 EU CE%sT 1382 1383 # Iceland 1384 # 1385 # From Adam David (1993-11-06): 1386 # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1387 # 1388 # (1993-12-05): 1389 # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1390 # Iceland Almanak. 1391 # 1392 # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1393 # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 1394 # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 1395 # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 1396 # 1397 # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 1398 # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 1399 # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 1400 # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 1401 # 1402 # (1993-12-10): 1403 # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 1404 # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1405 # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1406 # the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1407 # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1408 # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1409 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 1410 # might mean something else (???). 1411 # 1412 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1413 # The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points. 1414 # We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely 1415 # that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. 1416 # 1417 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1418 Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 1419 Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1420 Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1421 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 1422 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - 1423 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1424 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - 1425 Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1426 Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - 1427 Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S 1428 Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - 1429 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 1430 Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1431 Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1432 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 1433 Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1434 # 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week 1435 Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 1436 Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1437 Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 1438 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1439 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 1440 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? 1441 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1442 0:00 - GMT 1443 1444 # Italy 1445 # 1446 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 1447 # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 1448 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). 1449 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 1450 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 1451 # so record only the time in Rome. 1452 # 1453 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1454 # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and 1455 # F. Pollastri 1456 # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) 1457 # http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html 1458 # ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 1459 # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 1460 # 1461 # year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 1462 # 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 1463 # 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1464 # 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 1465 # 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 1466 # 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 1467 # 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 1468 # 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 1469 # 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1470 # 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 1471 # 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1472 # 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) 1473 # 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1474 # 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1475 # 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 1476 # 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 1477 # 1478 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1479 Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 1480 Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1481 Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1482 Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1483 Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S 1484 Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1485 Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 1486 Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1487 Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - 1488 Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 1489 Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - 1490 Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 1491 Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - 1492 Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1493 Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 1494 Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 1495 Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1496 Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1497 Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1498 Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1499 Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 1500 Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1501 Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S 1502 Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1503 Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1504 Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1505 Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1506 Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S 1507 Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1508 Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 1509 Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1510 Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1511 Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1512 Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1513 Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1514 Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1515 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1516 Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 1517 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean 1518 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1519 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 1520 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1521 1:00 EU CE%sT 1522 1523 Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1524 Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1525 1526 # Latvia 1527 1528 # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): 1529 1530 # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 1531 # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 1532 # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 1533 # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 1534 # 1535 # Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 1536 # according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 1537 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1538 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 1539 # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 1540 # 1541 # Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 1542 # according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 1543 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1544 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1545 # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 1546 # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 1547 # 1548 # Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 1549 # according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 1550 # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 1551 # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 1552 # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 1553 # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1554 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 1555 # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 1556 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 1557 # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 1558 # 1559 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 1560 # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 1561 # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 1562 1563 # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 1564 # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 1565 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 1566 # 29-Feb-2000 (#79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>, 1567 # in Latvian for subscribers only). 1568 1569 # From RFE/RL Newsline 1570 # http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html 1571 # (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 1572 # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 1573 # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 1574 # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 1575 # clocks one hour in the spring.... 1576 # Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few 1577 # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 1578 # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 1579 # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 1580 # urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 1581 # appears that they will not do so.... 1582 1583 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1584 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1585 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1586 1587 # Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time). 1588 # Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34. 1589 # Go with Byalokoz. 1590 1591 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1592 Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880 1593 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT 1594 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST 1595 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1596 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1597 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11 1598 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1599 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1600 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 1601 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1602 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1603 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1604 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1605 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 1606 2:00 EU EE%sT 1607 1608 # Liechtenstein 1609 1610 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09): 1611 # Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich. 1612 1613 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18): 1614 # http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf 1615 # ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942. 1616 # I ... translate only the last two paragraphs: 1617 # ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein 1618 # introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on 1619 # central European time was in force throughout the year. 1620 # From a report of the duke's government to the high council, 1621 # regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977. 1622 1623 Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz 1624 1625 1626 # Lithuania 1627 1628 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1629 # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1630 # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1631 1632 # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 1633 # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1634 # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1635 1636 # From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>, 1637 # via Steffen Thorsen: 1638 # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 1639 # to be valid here starting from October 31, 1640 # as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 1641 # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 1642 # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 1643 # already done by Estonia. 1644 1645 # From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 1646 # <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27): 1647 # Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 1648 1649 # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 1650 # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 1651 # observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 1652 # down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 1653 # neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 1654 # 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 1655 # http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 1656 1657 1658 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1659 Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1660 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1661 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1662 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 1663 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1664 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1665 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1666 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1667 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1668 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1669 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 1670 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1671 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 1672 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 1673 2:00 EU EE%sT 1674 1675 # Luxembourg 1676 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; 1677 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1678 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1679 Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1680 Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1681 Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1682 Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1683 Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1684 Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 1685 Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 1686 Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 1687 Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 1688 Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 1689 Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 1690 Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 1691 Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 1692 Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1693 Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 1694 Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 1695 Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 1696 Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1697 Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1698 Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 1699 Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 1700 Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 1701 Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 1702 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1703 Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1704 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1705 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1706 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1707 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1708 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1709 1:00 EU CE%sT 1710 1711 # Macedonia 1712 # See Europe/Belgrade. 1713 1714 # Malta 1715 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1716 Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1717 Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1718 Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1719 Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1720 Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1721 Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1722 Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1723 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1724 Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta 1725 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1726 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1727 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1728 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1729 1:00 EU CE%sT 1730 1731 # Moldova 1732 1733 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1734 # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write 1735 # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 1736 # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 1737 # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 1738 # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 1739 # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 1740 # But [two people] separately reported via 1741 # Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 1742 # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1743 # 1744 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): 1745 # Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as 1746 # "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition 1747 # to the Winter Time). 1748 # 1749 # News (in Russian): 1750 # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html 1751 # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html 1752 # 1753 # The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) 1754 # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) 1755 # 1756 # From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19) 1757 # In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol 1758 # a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32. 1759 # 1760 # (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed) 1761 # 1762 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26) 1763 # NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point. 1764 # As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own 1765 # decision to abolish DST this winter. 1766 # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- 1767 # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. 1768 # News from Moldova (in russian): 1769 # http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html 1770 1771 1772 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1773 Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1774 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1775 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1776 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1777 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1778 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1779 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1780 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 1781 2:00 - EET 1991 1782 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 1783 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1784 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 1785 2:00 EU EE%sT 1786 1787 # Monaco 1788 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1789 # more precise 0:09:21. 1790 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1791 Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1792 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1793 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1794 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1795 1:00 EU CE%sT 1796 1797 # Montenegro 1798 # See Europe/Belgrade. 1799 1800 # Netherlands 1801 1802 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1803 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1804 1805 # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 1806 # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 1807 # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 1808 # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 1809 # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 1810 # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 1811 # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 1812 # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 1813 # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 1814 # 1815 # (2001-04-08): 1816 # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 1817 # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 1818 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 1819 # 1820 # (2001-04-09): 1821 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 1822 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 1823 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 1824 # actually followed. 1825 # 1826 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 1827 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 1828 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 1829 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 1830 # adopted Amsterdam mean time. 1831 # 1832 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 1833 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 1834 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 1835 # Amsterdam mean time. 1836 1837 # The data entries before 1945 are taken from 1838 # http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm 1839 1840 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1841 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1842 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 1843 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1844 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1845 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1846 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT 1847 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1848 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 1849 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1850 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1851 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1852 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 1853 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. 1854 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1855 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1856 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1857 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1858 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1859 Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1860 Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1861 Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1862 Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1863 # 1864 # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted 1865 # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. 1866 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1867 Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 1868 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 1869 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 1870 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1871 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1872 1:00 EU CE%sT 1873 1874 # Norway 1875 # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & 1876 # Pottenger. 1877 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1878 Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1879 Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1880 Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1881 Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1882 Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1883 Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1884 Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1885 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1886 Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1887 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1888 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1889 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1890 1:00 EU CE%sT 1891 1892 # Svalbard & Jan Mayen 1893 1894 # From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 1895 # Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 1896 # Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 1897 # time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 1898 # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 1899 # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 1900 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and 1901 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation 1902 # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 1903 # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 1904 # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 1905 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been 1906 # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 1907 # before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by 1908 # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 1909 # since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 1910 # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 1911 # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 1912 1913 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04): 1914 # 1915 # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 1916 # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 1917 # keeping Berlin time. 1918 # 1919 # <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 1920 # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 1921 # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 1922 # frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 1923 # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 1924 # the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 1925 # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 1926 # 1927 # Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 1928 # Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 1929 # <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 1930 # <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 1931 # expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 1932 # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 1933 # http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html 1934 # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 1935 # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 1936 # 1937 # All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo 1938 # for these regions. 1939 Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 1940 1941 # Poland 1942 1943 # The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20), 1944 # <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2. 1945 1946 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1947 Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1948 Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1949 Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 1950 # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1951 Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1952 # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1953 Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 1954 Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1955 # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, 1956 # Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., 1957 # http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1 1958 # Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. 1959 # He also gives these further references: 1960 # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> 1961 # Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> 1962 Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S 1963 Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1964 Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 1965 Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1966 Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1967 Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1968 Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1969 Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1970 Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 1971 Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 1972 Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 1973 Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 1974 Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 1975 Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1976 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1977 Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 1978 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 1979 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 1980 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 1981 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1982 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1983 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 1984 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 1985 1:00 EU CE%sT 1986 1987 # Portugal 1988 # 1989 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: 1990 # According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) 1991 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 1992 # Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00. 1993 # Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees 1994 # with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for 1995 # Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira. 1996 # 1997 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): 1998 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 1999 # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 2000 # 2001 # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 2002 # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 2003 # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 2004 # 2005 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 2006 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 2007 # at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 2008 # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 2009 # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 2010 # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 2011 # harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 2012 # 2013 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2014 # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 2015 # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 2016 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2017 Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 2018 # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2019 Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 2020 Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2021 Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 2022 Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 2023 Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2024 Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 2025 Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2026 Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2027 Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 2028 Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2029 Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2030 Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 2031 Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 2032 Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2033 Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2034 # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2035 Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2036 Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 2037 Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 2038 # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2039 Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2040 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 2041 Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 2042 Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2043 # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2044 Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 2045 Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 2046 Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2047 # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2048 Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 2049 Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 2050 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 2051 Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 2052 Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2053 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 2054 Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2055 Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 2056 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 2057 Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 2058 Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 2059 Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 2060 Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 2061 Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2062 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2063 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2064 # Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 2065 # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2066 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2067 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2068 Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 2069 Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 2070 Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 2071 Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 2072 Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2073 Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2074 Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2075 Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2076 # 2077 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2078 Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884 2079 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time 2080 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2081 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 2082 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2083 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2084 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 2085 0:00 EU WE%sT 2086 Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 2087 -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time 2088 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 2089 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2090 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2091 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 2092 -1:00 EU AZO%sT 2093 Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 2094 -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time 2095 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 2096 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2097 0:00 EU WE%sT 2098 2099 # Romania 2100 # 2101 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 2102 # Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html> 2103 # (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 2104 # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 2105 # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 2106 # the same year as Bulgaria. 2107 # 2108 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2109 Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 2110 Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 2111 Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 2112 Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 2113 Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2114 Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 2115 Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2116 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2117 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 2118 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2119 Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 2120 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2121 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 2122 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2123 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 2124 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 2125 2:00 EU EE%sT 2126 2127 2128 # Russia 2129 2130 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15): 2131 # Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011 2132 # (Government document 2133 # http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/ 2134 # in Russian) 2135 # there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones... 2136 # All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English 2137 # by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below: 2138 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm 2139 2140 # From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27): 2141 # Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at: 2142 # http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966 2143 # They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian). 2144 2145 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2146 # Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia 2147 # changed in September 2011: 2148 # 2149 # One source is 2150 # http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ 2151 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, 2152 # 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. 2153 # 2154 # Another source is 2155 # http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html 2156 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the 2157 # Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also 2158 # contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: 2159 # in the 'RG' - Federal Issue number 5573 September 6, 2011" but which 2160 # does not contain any "effective date" information. 2161 # 2162 # Another source is 2163 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 2164 # which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011... 2165 # Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2166 # but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. 2167 # 2168 # The Wikipedia article refers to 2169 # http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896 2170 # which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page. 2171 # 2172 # Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's 2173 # "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2174 # with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to 2175 # get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias 2176 # Conradi notes). 2177 # 2178 # None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks. 2179 # 2180 # Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s. 2181 2182 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01): 2183 # According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency) 2184 # http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562 2185 # the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to 2186 # winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new 2187 # regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ... 2188 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02 2189 # Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N 2190 # 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding 2191 # areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English): 2192 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html 2193 # 2194 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22): 2195 # Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian) 2196 # http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711 2197 # http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660 2198 # http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279 2199 # From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this: 2200 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html 2201 2202 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2203 # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 2204 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 2205 # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, 2206 # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 2207 # 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 2208 # 2209 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2210 # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 2211 # I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 2212 # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 2213 # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 2214 # 2215 # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): 2216 # 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 2217 # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 2218 # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 2219 # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 2220 # 2221 # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 2222 # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 2223 # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 2224 # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 2225 # 2226 # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 2227 # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 2228 # News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 2229 # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 2230 # the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began 2231 # enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 2232 # 2233 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 2234 # There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 2235 # UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 2236 # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 2237 # until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 2238 # since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 2239 # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 2240 # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 2241 2242 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2243 # The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist 2244 # with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions 2245 # are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative 2246 # listing. The region codes listed come from 2247 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498 2248 # and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their 2249 # future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level 2250 # divisions where available. 2251 2252 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2253 2254 2255 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2256 # Europe/Kaliningrad covers... 2257 # 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast 2258 2259 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 2260 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2261 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 2262 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2263 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2264 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2265 2:00 - EET 2266 2267 2268 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2269 # Europe/Moscow covers... 2270 # 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of 2271 # 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of 2272 # 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of 2273 # 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic 2274 # 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of 2275 # 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic 2276 # 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of 2277 # 11 RU-KO Komi Republic 2278 # 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic 2279 # 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of 2280 # 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of 2281 # 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of 2282 # 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic 2283 # 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic 2284 # 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai 2285 # 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai 2286 # 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast 2287 # 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast 2288 # 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast 2289 # 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast 2290 # 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast 2291 # 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast 2292 # 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast 2293 # 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast 2294 # 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast 2295 # 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast 2296 # 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast 2297 # 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast 2298 # 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast 2299 # 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast 2300 # 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast 2301 # 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast 2302 # 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast 2303 # 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast 2304 # 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast 2305 # 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast 2306 # 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast 2307 # 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast 2308 # 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast 2309 # 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast 2310 # 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast 2311 # 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast 2312 # 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast 2313 # 77 RU-MOW Moscow 2314 # 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg 2315 # 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug 2316 2317 # From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08): 2318 # LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow 2319 # Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30").... 2320 # LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard. 2321 # (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.) 2322 # The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by 2323 # Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow 2324 # was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory 2325 # coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" > 2326 # 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 = 2327 # 2:31:19 ... 2328 # 2329 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 2330 # Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in 2331 # Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895). 2332 # Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in 2333 # Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky. 2334 2335 Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880 2336 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 2337 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2338 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct 2339 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2340 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2341 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2342 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2343 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2344 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2345 3:00 - MSK 2346 2347 2348 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2349 # Europe/Simferopol covers... 2350 # ** **** Crimea, Republic of 2351 # ** **** Sevastopol 2352 2353 Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2354 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 2355 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2356 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 2357 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 2358 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2359 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2360 2:00 - EET 1992 2361 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 2362 # 2363 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2364 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 2365 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2366 # Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened 2367 # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 2368 # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2369 # changed in May. 2370 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 2371 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 2372 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 2373 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 2374 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 2375 # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 2376 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 2377 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 2378 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): 2379 # time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 2380 # http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html 2381 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30): 2382 # Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks 2383 # late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial 2384 # and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about. 2385 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 2386 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2387 3:00 - MSK 2388 2389 2390 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2391 # Europe/Volgograd covers... 2392 # 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast 2393 # 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast 2394 # 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast 2395 # 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast 2396 2397 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09): 2398 # Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300. 2399 # Perhaps it switched after the others? But we have no data. 2400 2401 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 2402 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time 2403 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time 2404 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11 2405 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T 2406 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2407 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2408 3:00 Russia MSK 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2409 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2410 3:00 - MSK 2411 2412 2413 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2414 # Europe/Samara covers... 2415 # 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic 2416 # 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast 2417 2418 # Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20. 2419 2420 Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2421 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 2422 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27 2423 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev 2424 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2425 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2426 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 2427 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time 2428 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2429 4:00 - SAMT 2430 2431 2432 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2433 # Asia/Yekaterinburg covers... 2434 # 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of 2435 # 90 RU-PER Perm Krai 2436 # 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast 2437 # 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast 2438 # 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast 2439 # 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast 2440 # 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast 2441 # 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra 2442 # 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug 2443 # 2444 # Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak 2445 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai. 2446 2447 # Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest. 2448 # Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05. 2449 # Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard. 2450 # The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks. 2451 2452 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3 2453 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 2454 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 2455 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2456 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2457 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2458 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2459 5:00 - YEKT 2460 2461 2462 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2463 # Asia/Omsk covers... 2464 # 04 RU-AL Altai Republic 2465 # 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai 2466 # 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast 2467 2468 # Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30. 2469 2470 Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 2471 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time 2472 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2473 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2474 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2475 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2476 6:00 - OMST 2477 2478 2479 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2480 # Asia/Novosibirsk covers... 2481 # 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast 2482 # 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast 2483 2484 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's 2485 # not clear when it switched from +7 to +6. 2486 2487 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 2488 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 2489 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2490 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2491 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. 2492 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2493 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2494 6:00 - NOVT 2495 2496 2497 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2498 # Asia/Novokuznetsk covers... 2499 # 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast 2500 2501 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): 2502 # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on 2503 # March 28, 2010: 2504 # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 2505 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 2506 # 2507 # This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September 2508 # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth 2509 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) 2510 # 2511 # Russian Government web site (Russian language) 2512 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm 2513 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference 2514 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 2515 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html 2516 # 2517 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 2518 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. 2519 # 2520 # As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as 2521 # Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic. 2522 2523 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 2524 # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus 2525 # realigning itself with KRAT. 2526 2527 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - NMT 1920 Jan 6 2528 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2529 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2530 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2531 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2532 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk 2533 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2534 7:00 - KRAT # Krasnoyarsk Time 2535 2536 2537 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2538 # Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers... 2539 # 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic 2540 # 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of 2541 # 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai 2542 # 2543 # Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr 2544 # Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai. 2545 2546 # Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26. 2547 2548 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 2549 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2550 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2551 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2552 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2553 8:00 - KRAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2554 7:00 - KRAT 2555 2556 2557 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2558 # Asia/Irkutsk covers... 2559 # 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of 2560 # 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast 2561 # 2562 # Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was 2563 # merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast. 2564 2565 # Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15. 2566 # Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05. 2567 # Go with Byalokoz. 2568 2569 Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880 2570 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 2571 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 2572 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2573 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2574 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2575 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2576 8:00 - IRKT 2577 2578 2579 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2580 # Asia/Chita covers... 2581 # 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai 2582 # 2583 # Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat 2584 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai. 2585 2586 Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2587 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2588 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2589 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2590 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2591 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2592 8:00 - IRKT 2593 2594 2595 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2596 # Asia/Yakutsk covers... 2597 # 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast 2598 # 2599 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2600 # 14-02 **** Aldansky District 2601 # 14-04 **** Amginsky District 2602 # 14-05 **** Anabarsky District 2603 # 14-06 **** Bulunsky District 2604 # 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District 2605 # 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District 2606 # 14-11 **** Gorny District 2607 # 14-12 **** Zhigansky District 2608 # 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District 2609 # 14-14 **** Lensky District 2610 # 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District 2611 # 14-16 **** Mirninsky District 2612 # 14-18 **** Namsky District 2613 # 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District 2614 # 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District 2615 # 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District 2616 # 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District 2617 # 14-26 **** Suntarsky District 2618 # 14-27 **** Tattinsky District 2619 # 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District 2620 # 14-32 **** Khangalassky District 2621 # 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District 2622 # 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District 2623 2624 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2625 # Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District. 2626 # Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too. 2627 # Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk. 2628 2629 # Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58. 2630 2631 Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2632 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2633 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2634 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2635 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2636 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2637 9:00 - YAKT 2638 2639 2640 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2641 # Asia/Vladivostok covers... 2642 # 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai 2643 # 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai 2644 # 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast 2645 # 2646 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2647 # 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District 2648 # 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District 2649 2650 # Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5. 2651 # Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31. 2652 # Go with Byalokoz. 2653 2654 Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 2655 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 2656 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2657 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2658 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2659 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2660 10:00 - VLAT 2661 2662 2663 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2664 # Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2665 # 14-28 **** Tomponsky District 2666 # 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District 2667 2668 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2669 # Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time 2670 # in 2011. 2671 2672 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25): 2673 # Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time. 2674 # Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004. 2675 # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info. 2676 2677 Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2678 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2679 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2680 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2681 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004 2682 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2683 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 2684 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2685 9:00 - YAKT 2686 2687 2688 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2689 # Asia/Sakhalin covers... 2690 # 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast 2691 # ...with the exception of: 2692 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 2693 2694 # The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 2695 Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 2696 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 2697 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 2698 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T 2699 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2700 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 2701 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2702 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2703 10:00 - SAKT 2704 2705 2706 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2707 # Asia/Magadan covers... 2708 # 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast 2709 2710 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 2711 # Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however, 2712 # several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of 2713 # the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented 2714 # until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will 2715 # need their own zone. 2716 2717 Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2718 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 2719 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2720 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2721 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2722 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2723 10:00 - MAGT 2724 2725 2726 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2727 # Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2728 # 14-01 **** Abyysky District 2729 # 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District 2730 # 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District 2731 # 14-17 **** Momsky District 2732 # 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District 2733 # 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District 2734 # 2735 # ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast: 2736 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 2737 2738 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02): 2739 # Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with 2740 # most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on 2741 # 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District 2742 # of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by 2743 # Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11. 2744 2745 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2746 # Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27. 2747 # There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone 2748 # Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary. 2749 # 2750 # Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these 2751 # districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently 2752 # lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females 2753 # each! (Yikes!) 2754 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276 2755 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493 2756 # Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one. 2757 # 2758 # Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have 2759 # fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the 2760 # 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most 2761 # recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of 2762 # http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf 2763 # in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older 2764 # settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining. 2765 # Go with Srednekolymsk. 2766 # 2767 # Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT 2768 # as the abbreviation. Use SRET instead. 2769 2770 Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 2771 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 2772 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2773 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2774 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2775 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2776 11:00 - SRET # Srednekolymsk Time 2777 2778 2779 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2780 # Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2781 # 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District 2782 2783 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2784 # Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from 2785 # Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011. 2786 # 2787 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 2788 # It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch, 2789 # as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of 2790 # Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on 2791 # UTC+12 since at least then, too. 2792 2793 Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2794 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2795 9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1 2796 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2797 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2798 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2799 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 2800 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2801 10:00 - VLAT 2802 2803 2804 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2805 # Asia/Kamchatka covers... 2806 # 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai 2807 # 2808 # Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak 2809 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai. 2810 2811 # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps 2812 # Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long. 2813 Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 2814 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 2815 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2816 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2817 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2818 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2819 12:00 - PETT 2820 2821 2822 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2823 # Asia/Anadyr covers... 2824 # 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug 2825 2826 Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 2827 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 2828 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 2829 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2830 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2831 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2832 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2833 12:00 - ANAT 2834 2835 2836 # San Marino 2837 # See Europe/Rome. 2838 2839 # Serbia 2840 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2841 Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 2842 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 2843 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2844 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 2845 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 2846 # Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of 2847 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 2848 # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj. 2849 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 2850 1:00 EU CE%sT 2851 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 2852 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro 2853 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 2854 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 2855 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 2856 2857 # Slovakia 2858 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 2859 2860 # Slovenia 2861 # See Europe/Belgrade. 2862 2863 # Spain 2864 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2865 # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; 2866 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2867 Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2868 Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 2869 Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2870 Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2871 # Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2872 Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2873 # Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2874 Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 2875 Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2876 # Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2877 Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2878 Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 2879 Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 2880 Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2881 # Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; 2882 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2883 Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 2884 Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2885 Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 2886 Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2887 Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2888 # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2889 Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2890 Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 2891 Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 2892 Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 2893 Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 2894 Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 2895 Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2896 Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 2897 Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 2898 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 2899 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 2900 Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 2901 Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2902 Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 2903 Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2904 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 2905 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 2906 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2907 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 2908 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2909 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2910 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2911 Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2912 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2913 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 2914 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2915 Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s 2916 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 2917 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 2918 1:00 EU CE%sT 2919 Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 2920 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 2921 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 2922 0:00 - WET 1924 2923 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 2924 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 2925 1:00 - CET 1986 2926 1:00 EU CE%sT 2927 Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 2928 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T 2929 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 2930 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 2931 0:00 EU WE%sT 2932 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 2933 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 2934 2935 # Sweden 2936 2937 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: 2938 # 2939 # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 2940 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 2941 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 2942 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 2943 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 2944 # 2945 # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" 2946 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 2947 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 2948 # 2949 # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 2950 # författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 2951 # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 2952 # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 2953 # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 2954 # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 2955 # 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 2956 # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 2957 # 2958 # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states 2959 # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 2960 # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 2961 # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 2962 # 2963 # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 2964 # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 2965 # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 2966 # in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 2967 # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 2968 # the Sök-button). 2969 # 2970 # (2001-05-13): 2971 # 2972 # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 2973 # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 2974 # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 2975 # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 2976 # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 2977 # hour before the event took place. 2978 # 2979 # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 2980 2981 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2982 Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 2983 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 2984 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 2985 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 2986 1:00 - CET 1980 2987 1:00 EU CE%sT 2988 2989 # Switzerland 2990 # From Howse: 2991 # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 2992 # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 2993 # mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 .... 2994 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2995 # From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"): 2996 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 2997 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 2998 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 2999 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 3000 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 3001 3002 # From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 3003 # I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. 3004 # 3005 # As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values 3006 # to be wrong. This is now verified. 3007 # 3008 # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal 3009 # government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss 3010 # federal law collection)... 3011 # 3012 # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am 3013 # DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. 3014 # 3015 # DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am 3016 # DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am 3017 # 3018 # There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. 3019 # It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law 3020 # collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any 3021 # other years are made. 3022 # 3023 # Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported 3024 # about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous 3025 # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such 3026 # a thing had happened in Switzerland. 3027 # 3028 # I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de 3029 # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is 3030 # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled 3031 # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. 3032 # 3033 # The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 3034 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 3035 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 3036 # 3037 # The 1940 rules must be deleted. 3038 # 3039 # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for 3040 # most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ... 3041 # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 3042 # the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not 3043 # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 3044 # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. 3045 # 3046 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): 3047 # The Federal regulations say 3048 # http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html 3049 # ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50". 3050 # Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. 3051 3052 # From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): 3053 # the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893) 3054 # http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353 3055 # clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight 3056 # but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one 3057 # hour before the beginning of service. 3058 3059 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11): 3060 # Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46. 3061 # 3062 # We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland 3063 # except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book: 3064 # 3065 # Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und 3066 # Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995, 3067 # ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797. 3068 # 3069 # suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not 3070 # agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the 3071 # most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the 3072 # "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on 3073 # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16 3074 # (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in 3075 # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph 3076 # offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso" 3077 # (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on 3078 # 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and 3079 # legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date. 3080 3081 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3082 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 3083 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 3084 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3085 Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. 3086 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 3087 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 3088 1:00 EU CE%sT 3089 3090 # Turkey 3091 3092 # From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03): 3093 # The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now. 3094 # ... The latest rules are available at: 3095 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107 3096 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03): 3097 # I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that 3098 # DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure 3099 # what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001: 3100 # http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm 3101 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT 3102 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM 3103 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016 3104 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021 3105 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027 3106 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03): 3107 # Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990. 3108 3109 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): 3110 # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC 3111 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): 3112 # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp 3113 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: 3114 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm 3115 # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document 3116 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: 3117 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm 3118 3119 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): 3120 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer 3121 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. 3122 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. 3123 # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 3124 # Turkish: 3125 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373 3126 3127 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14): 3128 # The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the 3129 # Turkish Local election.... 3130 # http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik 3131 # ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m. 3132 # From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15): 3133 # Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31, 3134 # I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST 3135 # change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time. 3136 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15): 3137 # The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule 3138 # change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See: 3139 # Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency 3140 # http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30. 3141 # I guess the best we can do is document the official time. 3142 3143 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3144 Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3145 Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3146 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 3147 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 3148 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 3149 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 3150 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 3151 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3152 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; 3153 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3154 Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 3155 Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3156 Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3157 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 3158 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 3159 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 3160 Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 3161 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3162 # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; 3163 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3164 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 3165 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 3166 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3167 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3168 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3169 Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 3170 Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 3171 Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 3172 Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 3173 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 3174 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3175 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 3176 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3177 Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 3178 Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3179 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 3180 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 3181 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 3182 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 3183 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 3184 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 3185 Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 3186 Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 3187 Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3188 Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3189 Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 3190 Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 3191 Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 3192 Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 3193 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 3194 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 3195 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 3196 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 3197 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 3198 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 3199 Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 3200 Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3201 Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3202 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3203 Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 3204 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 3205 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 3206 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 3207 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 3208 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 3209 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 3210 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u 3211 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u 3212 2:00 EU EE%sT 3213 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 3214 3215 # Ukraine 3216 # 3217 # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, 3218 # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 3219 # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government 3220 # regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 3221 # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 3222 # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 3223 # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 3224 3225 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20): 3226 # On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to 3227 # abolish the transfer clock to winter time. 3228 # 3229 # Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got 3230 # approval from 266 deputies. 3231 # 3232 # Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian) 3233 # http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ 3234 # 3235 # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) 3236 # http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html 3237 # 3238 # Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) 3239 # http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ 3240 # 3241 # From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): 3242 # Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the 3243 # Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter 3244 # time this year after all. 3245 # 3246 # From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18): 3247 # As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone 3248 # (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar 3249 # to Russia) was reverted today: 3250 # http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995 3251 # 3252 # Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted: 3253 # The law documents themselves are at 3254 # http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 3255 3256 # From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28): 3257 # First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST: 3258 # 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST 3259 # 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3260 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134. 3261 # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html 3262 # 3263 # They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law, 3264 # "summer time" was still in action): 3265 # 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3266 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272. 3267 # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html 3268 # 3269 # Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action): 3270 # 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3271 # 3272 # DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended): 3273 # 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST 3274 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225. 3275 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm 3276 # This is an answer. 3277 # 3278 # Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure: 3279 # 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started 3280 # 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended 3281 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139. 3282 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm 3283 3284 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3285 # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 3286 # "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 3287 # "Kiev" is more common in English. 3288 Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 3289 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 3290 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3291 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 3292 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 3293 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00 3294 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00 3295 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3296 2:00 EU EE%sT 3297 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 3298 # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but 3299 # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. 3300 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 3301 1:00 - CET 1940 3302 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 3303 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 3304 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 3305 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 3306 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 3307 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 3308 2:00 - EET 1992 3309 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3310 2:00 EU EE%sT 3311 # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 3312 # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 3313 # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English 3314 # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in 3315 # portable Posix file names. 3316 Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 3317 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 3318 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3319 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 3320 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 3321 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3322 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3323 2:00 EU EE%sT 3324 3325 # Vatican City 3326 # See Europe/Rome. 3327 3328 ############################################################################### 3329 3330 # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 3331 # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 3332 # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 3333 # 3334 # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 3335 # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 3336 # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 3337 # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 3338 # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 3339 # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 3340 3341 # ... 3342 # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 3343 # From: Tom Hofmann 3344 # ... 3345 # 3346 # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 3347 # most European countries started DST. Before that year, only 3348 # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 3349 # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 3350 # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 3351 # years... 3352 # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 3353 # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 3354 # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 3355 # lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now. 3356 # 3357 # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 3358 # Soviet Union (as far as I know). 3359 # 3360 # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 3361 # 4002 Basle, Switzerland 3362 # ... 3363 3364 # ... 3365 # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 3366 # From: Dik T. Winter 3367 # ... 3368 # 3369 # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 3370 # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 3371 # about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 3372 # 3373 # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 3374 # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 3375 # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 3376 # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 3377 # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 3378 # the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 3379 # dates... 3380 # 3381 # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 3382 # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 3383 # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 3384 # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 3385 # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 3386 # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 3387 # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 3388 # in advance of normal time. 3389 # 3390 # ... 3391 # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 3392 # ... 3393 3394 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 3395 # ... 3396 # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 3397 # Since 1978. Change at midnight. 3398 # ... 3399 # Monaco: has same DST as France. 3400 # ...