408 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
409 Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
410 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
411 Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=13 3:00 0 -
412 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
413 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
414 12:00 Fiji +12/+13
415
416 # French Polynesia
417 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
418 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
419 -9:00 - -09
420 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
421 -9:30 - -0930
422 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
423 -10:00 - -10
424 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
425 # it is uninhabited.
426
427 # Guam
428 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
429 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
430 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
431 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
432 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
433 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
434
435 # Kiribati
436 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
437 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
438 12:00 - +12
439 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
440 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct
441 -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31
442 13:00 - +13
443 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
444 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct
445 -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31
446 14:00 - +14
447
448 # N Mariana Is
449 # See Pacific/Guam.
450
451 # Marshall Is
452 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
453 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
454 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
455 12:00 - +12
456 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
457 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
458 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20
459 12:00 - +12
460
461 # Micronesia
462 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
463 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
464 10:00 - +10
465 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
466 11:00 - +11
467 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
468 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
469 12:00 - +12 1999
470 11:00 - +11
471
472 # Nauru
473 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
474 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
475 11:30 - +1130 1942 Mar 15
476 9:00 - +09 1944 Aug 15
477 11:30 - +1130 1979 May
478 12:00 - +12
479
480 # New Caledonia
481 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
482 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 -
483 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
484 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 -
485 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
486 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
487 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
488 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
489 11:00 NC +11/+12
490
491
492 ###############################################################################
493
494 # New Zealand
495
496 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
497 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
558
559
560 # Niue
561 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
562 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
563 -11:20 - -1120 1951
564 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1
565 -11:00 - -11
566
567 # Norfolk
568 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
569 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
570 11:12 - +1112 1951
571 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00
572 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00
573 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00
574 11:00 - +11
575
576 # Palau (Belau)
577 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
578 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
579 9:00 - +09
580
581 # Papua New Guinea
582 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
583 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
584 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
585 10:00 - +10
586 #
587 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
588 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
589 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
590 #
591 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
592 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
593 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
594 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
595 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
596 # https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
597 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
598 #
821 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
822 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 -
823 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
824 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
825 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12
826
827 # Wallis and Futuna
828 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
829 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
830 12:00 - +12
831
832 ###############################################################################
833
834 # NOTES
835
836 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
837 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
838 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
839 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
840
841 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
842 #
843 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
844 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
845 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
846 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
847 #
848 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
849 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
850 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
851 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
852 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
853 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
854 #
855 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
856 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
857 # I found in the UCLA library.
858 #
859 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
860 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
861 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
862 #
863 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
864 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
865 #
866 # The following abbreviations are from other sources.
867 # Corrections are welcome!
868 # std dst
869 # LMT Local Mean Time
870 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
871 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
872 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
873 # 10:00 GST Guam through 2000
874 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro
875 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
876 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
877 # -11:00 SST Samoa
878 # -10:00 HST Hawaii
879 #
880 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
881 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
882
883 ###############################################################################
884
885 # Australia
886
887 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
888 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
889 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
890 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
891 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
892 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
893 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
1552 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1553 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1554
1555
1556 # Kiribati
1557
1558 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1559 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1560 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
1561 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1562
1563 # From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03):
1564 # December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition
1565 # would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995.
1566 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04):
1567 # One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All:
1568 # The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007).
1569
1570 # Kwajalein
1571
1572 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1573 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1574 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1575 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1576 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1577
1578
1579 # N Mariana Is, Guam
1580
1581 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1582 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
1583 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1584 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1585 # see Asia/Manila.
1586
1587 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,
1588 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1589 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1590 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1591
1592
1593 # Micronesia
1594
1595 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1596 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
1597 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
1598 #
1599 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
1600 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1601
1602 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1603 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1604 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
1605 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
1606 # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11.
1607 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now.
1608
1609
1610 # Midway
1611
1612 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1613 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1614 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1615 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1616 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1617 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1618 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1619 # air at 6am your time.
1620 #
1621 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1622 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1623 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1624 # in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1625
1626 # Norfolk
1627
1628 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23):
1629 # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100:
1630 # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text
1631 # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015.
1632 # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf
1633
1634 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
1635 # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted
1636 # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's
1637 # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST
1638 # other than in 1974/5. See:
1639 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html
1640
1641 # Pitcairn
1642
1643 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1644 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1645 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1646 #
1647 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1648 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1649 # as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1650 #
1651 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1652 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1653 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
1654
1655 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1656 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1657 # ... at midnight.
1658
1659 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1660 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1784 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1785 # For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing.
1786
1787
1788 # Wake
1789
1790 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1791 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1792 #
1793 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
1794 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1795 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1796 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1797 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1798 # impossible.
1799 #
1800 # https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm
1801
1802 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1803 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1804
1805 ###############################################################################
1806
1807 # The International Date Line
1808
1809 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1810 #
1811 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1812 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1813 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1814 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
1815 #
1816 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
1817 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
1818 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1819 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1820 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1821 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1822 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
1823 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
|
408 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
409 Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
410 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
411 Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=13 3:00 0 -
412 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
413 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
414 12:00 Fiji +12/+13
415
416 # French Polynesia
417 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
418 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
419 -9:00 - -09
420 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
421 -9:30 - -0930
422 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
423 -10:00 - -10
424 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
425 # it is uninhabited.
426
427 # Guam
428
429 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
430 # http://guamlegislature.com/Public_Laws_5th/PL05-025.pdf
431 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-59-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-May-6-1959.pdf
432 Rule Guam 1959 only - Jun 27 2:00 1:00 D
433 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-61-5-Revocation-of-Daylight-Saving-Time-and-Restoratio.pdf
434 Rule Guam 1961 only - Jan 29 2:00 0 S
435 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-67-13-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
436 Rule Guam 1967 only - Sep 1 2:00 1:00 D
437 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-2-Repeal-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
438 Rule Guam 1969 only - Jan 26 0:01 0 S
439 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
440 Rule Guam 1969 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D
441 Rule Guam 1969 only - Aug 31 2:00 0 S
442 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
443 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-30-End-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
444 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-71-5-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
445 Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
446 Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
447 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-73-28.-Guam-Day-light-Saving-Time.pdf
448 Rule Guam 1973 only - Dec 16 2:00 1:00 D
449 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-74-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-Rescinded.pdf
450 Rule Guam 1974 only - Feb 24 2:00 0 S
451 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-13-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
452 Rule Guam 1976 only - May 26 2:00 1:00 D
453 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-25-Revocation-of-E.O.-76-13.pdf
454 Rule Guam 1976 only - Aug 22 2:01 0 S
455 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-4-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
456 Rule Guam 1977 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 D
457 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-18-Guam-Standard-Time.pdf
458 Rule Guam 1977 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 S
459
460 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
461 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
462 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
463 10:00 - GST 1941 Dec 10 # Guam
464 9:00 - +09 1944 Jul 31
465 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23
466 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
467 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
468
469 # Kiribati
470 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
471 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
472 12:00 - +12
473 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
474 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct
475 -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31
476 13:00 - +13
477 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
478 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct
479 -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31
480 14:00 - +14
481
482 # N Mariana Is
483 # See Pacific/Guam.
484
485 # Marshall Is
486 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
487 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
488 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
489 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
490 11:00 - +11 1937
491 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
492 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30
493 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
494 12:00 - +12
495 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
496 11:00 - +11 1937
497 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
498 9:00 - +09 1944 Feb 6
499 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
500 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 24:00
501 12:00 - +12
502
503 # Micronesia
504 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
505 Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
506 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
507 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct
508 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
509 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
510 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
511 10:00 - +10
512 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia
513 10:32:52 - LMT 1901
514 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
515 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
516 11:00 - +11 1937
517 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
518 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
519 11:00 - +11
520 Zone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
521 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
522 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
523 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
524 11:00 - +11 1937
525 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
526 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
527 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
528 12:00 - +12 1999
529 11:00 - +11
530
531 # Nauru
532 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
533 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
534 11:30 - +1130 1942 Aug 29
535 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 8
536 11:30 - +1130 1979 Feb 10 2:00
537 12:00 - +12
538
539 # New Caledonia
540 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
541 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 -
542 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
543 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 -
544 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
545 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
546 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
547 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
548 11:00 NC +11/+12
549
550
551 ###############################################################################
552
553 # New Zealand
554
555 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
556 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
617
618
619 # Niue
620 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
621 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
622 -11:20 - -1120 1951
623 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1
624 -11:00 - -11
625
626 # Norfolk
627 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
628 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
629 11:12 - +1112 1951
630 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00
631 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00
632 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00
633 11:00 - +11
634
635 # Palau (Belau)
636 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
637 Zone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror
638 8:57:56 - LMT 1901
639 9:00 - +09
640
641 # Papua New Guinea
642 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
643 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
644 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
645 10:00 - +10
646 #
647 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
648 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
649 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
650 #
651 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
652 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
653 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
654 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
655 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
656 # https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
657 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
658 #
881 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
882 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 -
883 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
884 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
885 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12
886
887 # Wallis and Futuna
888 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
889 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
890 12:00 - +12
891
892 ###############################################################################
893
894 # NOTES
895
896 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
897 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
898 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
899 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
900
901 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
902 #
903 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
904 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
905 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
906 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
907 #
908 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
909 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
910 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
911 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
912 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
913 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
914 #
915 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
916 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
917 # I found in the UCLA library.
918 #
919 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
920 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
921 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
922 #
923 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
924 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
925 #
926 # I invented the abbreviation marked "*".
927 # The following abbreviations are from other sources.
928 # Corrections are welcome!
929 # std dst
930 # LMT Local Mean Time
931 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
932 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
933 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
934 # 10:00 GST GDT* Guam through 2000
935 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro
936 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
937 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
938 # -11:00 SST Samoa
939 # -10:00 HST Hawaii
940 #
941 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
942 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
943
944 ###############################################################################
945
946 # Australia
947
948 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
949 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
950 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
951 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
952 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
953 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
954 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
1613 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1614 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1615
1616
1617 # Kiribati
1618
1619 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1620 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1621 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
1622 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1623
1624 # From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03):
1625 # December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition
1626 # would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995.
1627 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04):
1628 # One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All:
1629 # The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007).
1630
1631 # Kwajalein
1632
1633 # From an AP article (1993-08-22):
1634 # "The nearly 3,000 Americans living on this remote Pacific atoll have a good
1635 # excuse for not remembering Saturday night: there wasn't one. Residents were
1636 # going to bed Friday night and waking up Sunday morning because at midnight
1637 # -- 8 A.M. Eastern daylight time on Saturday -- Kwajalein was jumping from
1638 # one side of the international date line to the other."
1639 # "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22.
1640 # https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html
1641
1642 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
1643 # <https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時> ... pointed out that
1644 # currently tzdata say Pacific/Kwajalein switched from GMT+11 to GMT-12 in
1645 # 1969 October without explanation, however an 1993 article from NYT say it
1646 # synchorized its day with US mainland about 40 years ago and thus the switch
1647 # should occur at around 1950s instead.
1648 #
1649 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1650 # The NYT (actually, AP) article is vague and possibly wrong about this.
1651 # The article says the earlier switch was "40 years ago when the United States
1652 # Army established a missile test range here". However, the Kwajalein Test
1653 # Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy. It was
1654 # transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01. See "Seize the High Ground"
1655 # <https://history.army.mil/html/books/070/70-88-1/cmhPub_70-88-1.pdf>.
1656 # Given that Shanks was right on the money about the 1993 change, I'm inclined
1657 # to take Shanks's word for the 1969 change unless we find better evidence.
1658
1659
1660 # N Mariana Is, Guam
1661
1662 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
1663 # Guam Island was briefly annexed by Japan during ... year 1941-1944 ...
1664 # however there are no detailed information about what time it use during that
1665 # period. It would probably be reasonable to assume Guam use GMT+9 during
1666 # that period of time like the surrounding area.
1667
1668 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1669 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1670 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
1671 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1672 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1673 # see Asia/Manila.
1674 #
1675 # Use 1941-12-10 and 1944-07-31 for Guam WWII transitions, as the rough start
1676 # and end of Japanese control of Agana. We don't know whether the Northern
1677 # Marianas followed Guam's DST rules from 1959 through 1977; for now, assume
1678 # they did as that avoids the need for a separate zone due to our 1970 cutoff.
1679 #
1680 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,
1681 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1682 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1683 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1684
1685 # See also the commentary for Micronesia.
1686
1687
1688 # Marshall Is
1689 # See the commentary for Micronesia.
1690
1691
1692 # Micronesia (and nearby)
1693
1694 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1695 # Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies
1696 # kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844.
1697
1698 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1699 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
1700 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
1701 #
1702 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
1703 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1704
1705 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1706 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1707 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
1708 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
1709 # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11.
1710 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now.
1711
1712 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
1713 #
1714 # From a Japanese wiki site https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時
1715 # ...
1716 # For "Southern Islands" (modern region of Mariana + Palau + Federation of
1717 # Micronesia + Marshall Islands):
1718 #
1719 # A 1906 Japanese magazine shown the Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands
1720 # who was occupied by Germany at the time as GMT+10, together with the like
1721 # of German New Guinea. However there is a marking saying it have not been
1722 # implemented (yet). No further information after that were found.
1723 #
1724 # Japan invaded those islands in 1914, and records shows that they were
1725 # instructed to use JST at the time.
1726 #
1727 # 1915 January telecommunication record on the Jaluit Atoll shows they use
1728 # the meridian of 170E as standard time (GMT+11:20), which is similar to the
1729 # longitude of the atoll.
1730 # 1915 February record say the 170E standard time is to be used until
1731 # February 9 noon, and after February 9 noon they are to use JST.
1732 # However these are time used within the Japanese Military at the time and
1733 # probably does not reflect the time used by local resident at the time (that
1734 # is if they keep their own time back then)
1735 #
1736 # In January 1919 the occupying force issued a command that split the area
1737 # into three different timezone with meridian of 135E, 150E, 165E (JST+0, +1,
1738 # +2), and the command was to become effective from February 1 of the same
1739 # year. Despite the target of the command is still only for the occupying
1740 # force itself, further publication have described the time as the standard
1741 # time for the occupied area and thus it can probably be seen as such.
1742 # * Area that use meridian of 135E: Palau and Yap civil administration area
1743 # (Southern Islands Western Standard Time)
1744 # * Area that use meridian of 150E: Truk (Chuuk) and Saipan civil
1745 # administration area (Southern Islands Central Standard Time)
1746 # * Area that use meridian of 165E: Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit civil
1747 # administration area (Southern Islands Eastern Standard Time).
1748 # * In the next few years Japanese occupation of those islands have been
1749 # formalized via League of Nation Mandate (South Pacific Mandate) and formal
1750 # governance structure have been established, these district [become
1751 # subprefectures] and timezone classification have been inherited as standard
1752 # time of the area.
1753 # * Saipan subprefecture include Mariana islands (exclude Guam which was
1754 # occupied by America at the time), Palau and Yap subprefecture rule the
1755 # Western Caroline Islands with 137E longitude as border, Truk and Ponape
1756 # subprefecture rule the Eastern Caroline Islands with 154E as border, Ponape
1757 # subprefecture also rule part of Marshall Islands to the west of 164E
1758 # starting from (1918?) and Jaluit subprefecture rule the rest of the
1759 # Marshall Islands.
1760 #
1761 # And then in year 1937, an announcement was made to change the time in the
1762 # area into 2 timezones:
1763 # * Area that use meridian of 135E: area administered by Palau, Yap and
1764 # Saipan subprefecture (Southern Islands Western Standard Time)
1765 # * Area that use meridian of 150E: area administered by Truk (Chuuk),
1766 # Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit subprefecture (Southern Islands Eastern
1767 # Standard Time)
1768 #
1769 # Another announcement issued in 1941 say that on April 1 that year,
1770 # standard time of the Southern Islands would be changed to use the meridian
1771 # of 135E (GMT+9), and thus abolishing timezone different within the area.
1772 #
1773 # Then Pacific theater of WWII started and Japan slowly lose control on the
1774 # island. The webpage I linked above contain no information during this
1775 # period of time....
1776 #
1777 # After the end of WWII, in 1946 February, a document written by the
1778 # (former?) Japanese military personnel describe there are 3 hours time
1779 # different between Caroline islands time/Wake island time and the Chungking
1780 # time, which would mean the time being used there at the time was GMT+10.
1781 #
1782 # After that, the area become Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands
1783 # under American administration from year 1947. The site listed some
1784 # American/International books/maps/publications about time used in those
1785 # area during this period of time but they doesn't seems to be reliable
1786 # information so it would be the best if someone know where can more reliable
1787 # information can be found.
1788 #
1789 #
1790 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1791 #
1792 # For the above, use vague dates like "1914" and "1945" for transitions that
1793 # plausibly exist but for which the details are not known. The information
1794 # for Wake is too sketchy to act on.
1795 #
1796 # The 1906 GMT+10 info about German-controlled islands might not have been
1797 # done, so omit it from the data for now.
1798 #
1799 # The Jaluit info governs Kwajalein.
1800
1801
1802 # Midway
1803
1804 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1805 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1806 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1807 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1808 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1809 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1810 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1811 # air at 6am your time.
1812 #
1813 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1814 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1815 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1816 # in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1817
1818 # Nauru
1819
1820 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-31):
1821 # Currently, the tz database say Nauru use LMT until 1921, and then
1822 # switched to GMT+11:30 for the next two decades.
1823 # However, a number of timezone map published in America/Japan back then
1824 # showed its timezone as GMT+11 per https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/ナウルの標準時
1825 # And it would also be nice if the 1921 transition date could be sourced.
1826 # ...
1827 # The "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change"
1828 # http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/gazettes/4b23a17d2030150404db7a5fa5872f52.pdf#page=3
1829 # based on "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change"
1830 # http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/nsta1978207/ defined that "Nauru
1831 # Alternative Time" (GMT+12) should be in effect from 1979 Feb.
1832 #
1833 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-19):
1834 # The 1921-01-15 introduction of standard time is in Shanks; it is also in
1835 # "Standard Time Throughout the World", US National Bureau of Standards (1935),
1836 # page 3, which does not give the UT offset. In response to a comment by
1837 # Phake Nick I set the Nauru time of occupation by Japan to
1838 # 1942-08-29/1945-09-08 by using dates from:
1839 # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru
1840
1841 # Norfolk
1842
1843 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23):
1844 # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100:
1845 # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text
1846 # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015.
1847 # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf
1848
1849 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
1850 # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted
1851 # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's
1852 # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST
1853 # other than in 1974/5. See:
1854 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html
1855
1856 # Palau
1857 # See commentary for Micronesia.
1858
1859 # Pitcairn
1860
1861 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1862 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1863 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1864 #
1865 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1866 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1867 # as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1868 #
1869 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1870 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1871 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
1872
1873 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1874 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1875 # ... at midnight.
1876
1877 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1878 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
2002 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
2003 # For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing.
2004
2005
2006 # Wake
2007
2008 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
2009 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
2010 #
2011 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
2012 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
2013 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
2014 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
2015 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
2016 # impossible.
2017 #
2018 # https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm
2019
2020 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
2021 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
2022
2023 # See also the commentary for Micronesia.
2024
2025
2026 ###############################################################################
2027
2028 # The International Date Line
2029
2030 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
2031 #
2032 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
2033 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
2034 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
2035 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
2036 #
2037 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
2038 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
2039 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
2040 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
2041 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
2042 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
2043 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
2044 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
|