1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/metadataOnStackMark.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  32 #include "interpreter/linkResolver.hpp"
  33 #include "memory/heapInspection.hpp"
  34 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  35 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  36 #include "oops/constantPool.hpp"
  37 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  38 #include "oops/objArrayKlass.hpp"
  39 #include "runtime/fieldType.hpp"
  40 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  41 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  42 #include "runtime/signature.hpp"
  43 #include "runtime/vframe.hpp"
  44 
  45 PRAGMA_FORMAT_MUTE_WARNINGS_FOR_GCC
  46 
  47 ConstantPool* ConstantPool::allocate(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, int length, TRAPS) {
  48   // Tags are RW but comment below applies to tags also.
  49   Array<u1>* tags = MetadataFactory::new_writeable_array<u1>(loader_data, length, 0, CHECK_NULL);
  50 
  51   int size = ConstantPool::size(length);
  52 
  53   // CDS considerations:
  54   // Allocate read-write but may be able to move to read-only at dumping time
  55   // if all the klasses are resolved.  The only other field that is writable is
  56   // the resolved_references array, which is recreated at startup time.
  57   // But that could be moved to InstanceKlass (although a pain to access from
  58   // assembly code).  Maybe it could be moved to the cpCache which is RW.
  59   return new (loader_data, size, false, MetaspaceObj::ConstantPoolType, THREAD) ConstantPool(tags);
  60 }
  61 
  62 ConstantPool::ConstantPool(Array<u1>* tags) {
  63   set_length(tags->length());
  64   set_tags(NULL);
  65   set_cache(NULL);
  66   set_reference_map(NULL);
  67   set_resolved_references(NULL);
  68   set_operands(NULL);
  69   set_pool_holder(NULL);
  70   set_flags(0);
  71 
  72   // only set to non-zero if constant pool is merged by RedefineClasses
  73   set_version(0);
  74   set_lock(new Monitor(Monitor::nonleaf + 2, "A constant pool lock"));
  75 
  76   // initialize tag array
  77   int length = tags->length();
  78   for (int index = 0; index < length; index++) {
  79     tags->at_put(index, JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid);
  80   }
  81   set_tags(tags);
  82 }
  83 
  84 void ConstantPool::deallocate_contents(ClassLoaderData* loader_data) {
  85   MetadataFactory::free_metadata(loader_data, cache());
  86   set_cache(NULL);
  87   MetadataFactory::free_array<u2>(loader_data, reference_map());
  88   set_reference_map(NULL);
  89 
  90   MetadataFactory::free_array<jushort>(loader_data, operands());
  91   set_operands(NULL);
  92 
  93   release_C_heap_structures();
  94 
  95   // free tag array
  96   MetadataFactory::free_array<u1>(loader_data, tags());
  97   set_tags(NULL);
  98 }
  99 
 100 void ConstantPool::release_C_heap_structures() {
 101   // walk constant pool and decrement symbol reference counts
 102   unreference_symbols();
 103 
 104   delete _lock;
 105   set_lock(NULL);
 106 }
 107 
 108 objArrayOop ConstantPool::resolved_references() const {
 109   return (objArrayOop)JNIHandles::resolve(_resolved_references);
 110 }
 111 
 112 // Called from outside constant pool resolution where a resolved_reference array
 113 // may not be present.
 114 objArrayOop ConstantPool::resolved_references_or_null() const {
 115   if (_cache == NULL) {
 116     return NULL;
 117   } else {
 118     return (objArrayOop)JNIHandles::resolve(_resolved_references);
 119   }
 120 }
 121 
 122 // Create resolved_references array and mapping array for original cp indexes
 123 // The ldc bytecode was rewritten to have the resolved reference array index so need a way
 124 // to map it back for resolving and some unlikely miscellaneous uses.
 125 // The objects created by invokedynamic are appended to this list.
 126 void ConstantPool::initialize_resolved_references(ClassLoaderData* loader_data,
 127                                                   intStack reference_map,
 128                                                   int constant_pool_map_length,
 129                                                   TRAPS) {
 130   // Initialized the resolved object cache.
 131   int map_length = reference_map.length();
 132   if (map_length > 0) {
 133     // Only need mapping back to constant pool entries.  The map isn't used for
 134     // invokedynamic resolved_reference entries.  For invokedynamic entries,
 135     // the constant pool cache index has the mapping back to both the constant
 136     // pool and to the resolved reference index.
 137     if (constant_pool_map_length > 0) {
 138       Array<u2>* om = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, constant_pool_map_length, CHECK);
 139 
 140       for (int i = 0; i < constant_pool_map_length; i++) {
 141         int x = reference_map.at(i);
 142         assert(x == (int)(jushort) x, "klass index is too big");
 143         om->at_put(i, (jushort)x);
 144       }
 145       set_reference_map(om);
 146     }
 147 
 148     // Create Java array for holding resolved strings, methodHandles,
 149     // methodTypes, invokedynamic and invokehandle appendix objects, etc.
 150     objArrayOop stom = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), map_length, CHECK);
 151     Handle refs_handle (THREAD, (oop)stom);  // must handleize.
 152     set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 153   }
 154 }
 155 
 156 // CDS support. Create a new resolved_references array.
 157 void ConstantPool::restore_unshareable_info(TRAPS) {
 158 
 159   // Only create the new resolved references array and lock if it hasn't been
 160   // attempted before
 161   if (resolved_references() != NULL) return;
 162 
 163   // restore the C++ vtable from the shared archive
 164   restore_vtable();
 165 
 166   if (SystemDictionary::Object_klass_loaded()) {
 167     // Recreate the object array and add to ClassLoaderData.
 168     int map_length = resolved_reference_length();
 169     if (map_length > 0) {
 170       objArrayOop stom = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), map_length, CHECK);
 171       Handle refs_handle (THREAD, (oop)stom);  // must handleize.
 172 
 173       ClassLoaderData* loader_data = pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
 174       set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 175     }
 176 
 177     // Also need to recreate the mutex.  Make sure this matches the constructor
 178     set_lock(new Monitor(Monitor::nonleaf + 2, "A constant pool lock"));
 179   }
 180 }
 181 
 182 void ConstantPool::remove_unshareable_info() {
 183   // Resolved references are not in the shared archive.
 184   // Save the length for restoration.  It is not necessarily the same length
 185   // as reference_map.length() if invokedynamic is saved.
 186   set_resolved_reference_length(
 187     resolved_references() != NULL ? resolved_references()->length() : 0);
 188   set_resolved_references(NULL);
 189   set_lock(NULL);
 190 }
 191 
 192 int ConstantPool::cp_to_object_index(int cp_index) {
 193   // this is harder don't do this so much.
 194   int i = reference_map()->find(cp_index);
 195   // We might not find the index for jsr292 call.
 196   return (i < 0) ? _no_index_sentinel : i;
 197 }
 198 
 199 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_at_impl(constantPoolHandle this_oop, int which, TRAPS) {
 200   // A resolved constantPool entry will contain a Klass*, otherwise a Symbol*.
 201   // It is not safe to rely on the tag bit's here, since we don't have a lock, and the entry and
 202   // tag is not updated atomicly.
 203 
 204   CPSlot entry = this_oop->slot_at(which);
 205   if (entry.is_resolved()) {
 206     assert(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(), "must be");
 207     // Already resolved - return entry.
 208     return entry.get_klass();
 209   }
 210 
 211   // Acquire lock on constant oop while doing update. After we get the lock, we check if another object
 212   // already has updated the object
 213   assert(THREAD->is_Java_thread(), "must be a Java thread");
 214   bool do_resolve = false;
 215   bool in_error = false;
 216 
 217   // Create a handle for the mirror. This will preserve the resolved class
 218   // until the loader_data is registered.
 219   Handle mirror_handle;
 220 
 221   Symbol* name = NULL;
 222   Handle       loader;
 223   {  MonitorLockerEx ml(this_oop->lock());
 224 
 225     if (this_oop->tag_at(which).is_unresolved_klass()) {
 226       if (this_oop->tag_at(which).is_unresolved_klass_in_error()) {
 227         in_error = true;
 228       } else {
 229         do_resolve = true;
 230         name   = this_oop->unresolved_klass_at(which);
 231         loader = Handle(THREAD, this_oop->pool_holder()->class_loader());
 232       }
 233     }
 234   } // unlocking constantPool
 235 
 236 
 237   // The original attempt to resolve this constant pool entry failed so find the
 238   // original error and throw it again (JVMS 5.4.3).
 239   if (in_error) {
 240     Symbol* error = SystemDictionary::find_resolution_error(this_oop, which);
 241     guarantee(error != (Symbol*)NULL, "tag mismatch with resolution error table");
 242     ResourceMark rm;
 243     // exception text will be the class name
 244     const char* className = this_oop->unresolved_klass_at(which)->as_C_string();
 245     THROW_MSG_0(error, className);
 246   }
 247 
 248   if (do_resolve) {
 249     // this_oop must be unlocked during resolve_or_fail
 250     oop protection_domain = this_oop->pool_holder()->protection_domain();
 251     Handle h_prot (THREAD, protection_domain);
 252     Klass* k_oop = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(name, loader, h_prot, true, THREAD);
 253     KlassHandle k;
 254     if (!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 255       k = KlassHandle(THREAD, k_oop);
 256       // preserve the resolved klass.
 257       mirror_handle = Handle(THREAD, k_oop->java_mirror());
 258       // Do access check for klasses
 259       verify_constant_pool_resolve(this_oop, k, THREAD);
 260     }
 261 
 262     // Failed to resolve class. We must record the errors so that subsequent attempts
 263     // to resolve this constant pool entry fail with the same error (JVMS 5.4.3).
 264     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 265       ResourceMark rm;
 266       Symbol* error = PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->name();
 267 
 268       bool throw_orig_error = false;
 269       {
 270         MonitorLockerEx ml(this_oop->lock());
 271 
 272         // some other thread has beaten us and has resolved the class.
 273         if (this_oop->tag_at(which).is_klass()) {
 274           CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 275           entry = this_oop->resolved_klass_at(which);
 276           return entry.get_klass();
 277         }
 278 
 279         if (!PENDING_EXCEPTION->
 280               is_a(SystemDictionary::LinkageError_klass())) {
 281           // Just throw the exception and don't prevent these classes from
 282           // being loaded due to virtual machine errors like StackOverflow
 283           // and OutOfMemoryError, etc, or if the thread was hit by stop()
 284           // Needs clarification to section 5.4.3 of the VM spec (see 6308271)
 285         }
 286         else if (!this_oop->tag_at(which).is_unresolved_klass_in_error()) {
 287           SystemDictionary::add_resolution_error(this_oop, which, error);
 288           this_oop->tag_at_put(which, JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError);
 289         } else {
 290           // some other thread has put the class in error state.
 291           error = SystemDictionary::find_resolution_error(this_oop, which);
 292           assert(error != NULL, "checking");
 293           throw_orig_error = true;
 294         }
 295       } // unlocked
 296 
 297       if (throw_orig_error) {
 298         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 299         ResourceMark rm;
 300         const char* className = this_oop->unresolved_klass_at(which)->as_C_string();
 301         THROW_MSG_0(error, className);
 302       }
 303 
 304       return 0;
 305     }
 306 
 307     if (TraceClassResolution && !k()->oop_is_array()) {
 308       // skip resolving the constant pool so that this code get's
 309       // called the next time some bytecodes refer to this class.
 310       ResourceMark rm;
 311       int line_number = -1;
 312       const char * source_file = NULL;
 313       if (JavaThread::current()->has_last_Java_frame()) {
 314         // try to identify the method which called this function.
 315         vframeStream vfst(JavaThread::current());
 316         if (!vfst.at_end()) {
 317           line_number = vfst.method()->line_number_from_bci(vfst.bci());
 318           Symbol* s = vfst.method()->method_holder()->source_file_name();
 319           if (s != NULL) {
 320             source_file = s->as_C_string();
 321           }
 322         }
 323       }
 324       if (k() != this_oop->pool_holder()) {
 325         // only print something if the classes are different
 326         if (source_file != NULL) {
 327           tty->print("RESOLVE %s %s %s:%d\n",
 328                      this_oop->pool_holder()->external_name(),
 329                      InstanceKlass::cast(k())->external_name(), source_file, line_number);
 330         } else {
 331           tty->print("RESOLVE %s %s\n",
 332                      this_oop->pool_holder()->external_name(),
 333                      InstanceKlass::cast(k())->external_name());
 334         }
 335       }
 336       return k();
 337     } else {
 338       MonitorLockerEx ml(this_oop->lock());
 339       // Only updated constant pool - if it is resolved.
 340       do_resolve = this_oop->tag_at(which).is_unresolved_klass();
 341       if (do_resolve) {
 342         this_oop->klass_at_put(which, k());
 343       }
 344     }
 345   }
 346 
 347   entry = this_oop->resolved_klass_at(which);
 348   assert(entry.is_resolved() && entry.get_klass()->is_klass(), "must be resolved at this point");
 349   return entry.get_klass();
 350 }
 351 
 352 
 353 // Does not update ConstantPool* - to avoid any exception throwing. Used
 354 // by compiler and exception handling.  Also used to avoid classloads for
 355 // instanceof operations. Returns NULL if the class has not been loaded or
 356 // if the verification of constant pool failed
 357 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_at_if_loaded(constantPoolHandle this_oop, int which) {
 358   CPSlot entry = this_oop->slot_at(which);
 359   if (entry.is_resolved()) {
 360     assert(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(), "must be");
 361     return entry.get_klass();
 362   } else {
 363     assert(entry.is_unresolved(), "must be either symbol or klass");
 364     Thread *thread = Thread::current();
 365     Symbol* name = entry.get_symbol();
 366     oop loader = this_oop->pool_holder()->class_loader();
 367     oop protection_domain = this_oop->pool_holder()->protection_domain();
 368     Handle h_prot (thread, protection_domain);
 369     Handle h_loader (thread, loader);
 370     Klass* k = SystemDictionary::find(name, h_loader, h_prot, thread);
 371 
 372     if (k != NULL) {
 373       // Make sure that resolving is legal
 374       EXCEPTION_MARK;
 375       KlassHandle klass(THREAD, k);
 376       // return NULL if verification fails
 377       verify_constant_pool_resolve(this_oop, klass, THREAD);
 378       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 379         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 380         return NULL;
 381       }
 382       return klass();
 383     } else {
 384       return k;
 385     }
 386   }
 387 }
 388 
 389 
 390 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_ref_at_if_loaded(constantPoolHandle this_oop, int which) {
 391   return klass_at_if_loaded(this_oop, this_oop->klass_ref_index_at(which));
 392 }
 393 
 394 
 395 Method* ConstantPool::method_at_if_loaded(constantPoolHandle cpool,
 396                                                    int which) {
 397   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return NULL;  // nothing to load yet
 398   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 399   if (!(cache_index >= 0 && cache_index < cpool->cache()->length())) {
 400     // FIXME: should be an assert
 401     if (PrintMiscellaneous && (Verbose||WizardMode)) {
 402       tty->print_cr("bad operand %d in:", which); cpool->print();
 403     }
 404     return NULL;
 405   }
 406   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 407   return e->method_if_resolved(cpool);
 408 }
 409 
 410 
 411 bool ConstantPool::has_appendix_at_if_loaded(constantPoolHandle cpool, int which) {
 412   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return false;  // nothing to load yet
 413   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 414   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 415   return e->has_appendix();
 416 }
 417 
 418 oop ConstantPool::appendix_at_if_loaded(constantPoolHandle cpool, int which) {
 419   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return NULL;  // nothing to load yet
 420   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 421   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 422   return e->appendix_if_resolved(cpool);
 423 }
 424 
 425 
 426 bool ConstantPool::has_method_type_at_if_loaded(constantPoolHandle cpool, int which) {
 427   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return false;  // nothing to load yet
 428   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 429   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 430   return e->has_method_type();
 431 }
 432 
 433 oop ConstantPool::method_type_at_if_loaded(constantPoolHandle cpool, int which) {
 434   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return NULL;  // nothing to load yet
 435   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 436   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 437   return e->method_type_if_resolved(cpool);
 438 }
 439 
 440 
 441 Symbol* ConstantPool::impl_name_ref_at(int which, bool uncached) {
 442   int name_index = name_ref_index_at(impl_name_and_type_ref_index_at(which, uncached));
 443   return symbol_at(name_index);
 444 }
 445 
 446 
 447 Symbol* ConstantPool::impl_signature_ref_at(int which, bool uncached) {
 448   int signature_index = signature_ref_index_at(impl_name_and_type_ref_index_at(which, uncached));
 449   return symbol_at(signature_index);
 450 }
 451 
 452 
 453 int ConstantPool::impl_name_and_type_ref_index_at(int which, bool uncached) {
 454   int i = which;
 455   if (!uncached && cache() != NULL) {
 456     if (ConstantPool::is_invokedynamic_index(which)) {
 457       // Invokedynamic index is index into resolved_references
 458       int pool_index = invokedynamic_cp_cache_entry_at(which)->constant_pool_index();
 459       pool_index = invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(pool_index);
 460       assert(tag_at(pool_index).is_name_and_type(), "");
 461       return pool_index;
 462     }
 463     // change byte-ordering and go via cache
 464     i = remap_instruction_operand_from_cache(which);
 465   } else {
 466     if (tag_at(which).is_invoke_dynamic()) {
 467       int pool_index = invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(which);
 468       assert(tag_at(pool_index).is_name_and_type(), "");
 469       return pool_index;
 470     }
 471   }
 472   assert(tag_at(i).is_field_or_method(), "Corrupted constant pool");
 473   assert(!tag_at(i).is_invoke_dynamic(), "Must be handled above");
 474   jint ref_index = *int_at_addr(i);
 475   return extract_high_short_from_int(ref_index);
 476 }
 477 
 478 
 479 int ConstantPool::impl_klass_ref_index_at(int which, bool uncached) {
 480   guarantee(!ConstantPool::is_invokedynamic_index(which),
 481             "an invokedynamic instruction does not have a klass");
 482   int i = which;
 483   if (!uncached && cache() != NULL) {
 484     // change byte-ordering and go via cache
 485     i = remap_instruction_operand_from_cache(which);
 486   }
 487   assert(tag_at(i).is_field_or_method(), "Corrupted constant pool");
 488   jint ref_index = *int_at_addr(i);
 489   return extract_low_short_from_int(ref_index);
 490 }
 491 
 492 
 493 
 494 int ConstantPool::remap_instruction_operand_from_cache(int operand) {
 495   int cpc_index = operand;
 496   DEBUG_ONLY(cpc_index -= CPCACHE_INDEX_TAG);
 497   assert((int)(u2)cpc_index == cpc_index, "clean u2");
 498   int member_index = cache()->entry_at(cpc_index)->constant_pool_index();
 499   return member_index;
 500 }
 501 
 502 
 503 void ConstantPool::verify_constant_pool_resolve(constantPoolHandle this_oop, KlassHandle k, TRAPS) {
 504  if (k->oop_is_instance() || k->oop_is_objArray()) {
 505     instanceKlassHandle holder (THREAD, this_oop->pool_holder());
 506     Klass* elem_oop = k->oop_is_instance() ? k() : ObjArrayKlass::cast(k())->bottom_klass();
 507     KlassHandle element (THREAD, elem_oop);
 508 
 509     // The element type could be a typeArray - we only need the access check if it is
 510     // an reference to another class
 511     if (element->oop_is_instance()) {
 512       LinkResolver::check_klass_accessability(holder, element, CHECK);
 513     }
 514   }
 515 }
 516 
 517 
 518 int ConstantPool::name_ref_index_at(int which_nt) {
 519   jint ref_index = name_and_type_at(which_nt);
 520   return extract_low_short_from_int(ref_index);
 521 }
 522 
 523 
 524 int ConstantPool::signature_ref_index_at(int which_nt) {
 525   jint ref_index = name_and_type_at(which_nt);
 526   return extract_high_short_from_int(ref_index);
 527 }
 528 
 529 
 530 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_ref_at(int which, TRAPS) {
 531   return klass_at(klass_ref_index_at(which), THREAD);
 532 }
 533 
 534 
 535 Symbol* ConstantPool::klass_name_at(int which) {
 536   assert(tag_at(which).is_unresolved_klass() || tag_at(which).is_klass(),
 537          "Corrupted constant pool");
 538   // A resolved constantPool entry will contain a Klass*, otherwise a Symbol*.
 539   // It is not safe to rely on the tag bit's here, since we don't have a lock, and the entry and
 540   // tag is not updated atomicly.
 541   CPSlot entry = slot_at(which);
 542   if (entry.is_resolved()) {
 543     // Already resolved - return entry's name.
 544     assert(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(), "must be");
 545     return entry.get_klass()->name();
 546   } else {
 547     assert(entry.is_unresolved(), "must be either symbol or klass");
 548     return entry.get_symbol();
 549   }
 550 }
 551 
 552 Symbol* ConstantPool::klass_ref_at_noresolve(int which) {
 553   jint ref_index = klass_ref_index_at(which);
 554   return klass_at_noresolve(ref_index);
 555 }
 556 
 557 Symbol* ConstantPool::uncached_klass_ref_at_noresolve(int which) {
 558   jint ref_index = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(which);
 559   return klass_at_noresolve(ref_index);
 560 }
 561 
 562 char* ConstantPool::string_at_noresolve(int which) {
 563   Symbol* s = unresolved_string_at(which);
 564   if (s == NULL) {
 565     return (char*)"<pseudo-string>";
 566   } else {
 567     return unresolved_string_at(which)->as_C_string();
 568   }
 569 }
 570 
 571 BasicType ConstantPool::basic_type_for_signature_at(int which) {
 572   return FieldType::basic_type(symbol_at(which));
 573 }
 574 
 575 
 576 void ConstantPool::resolve_string_constants_impl(constantPoolHandle this_oop, TRAPS) {
 577   for (int index = 1; index < this_oop->length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
 578     if (this_oop->tag_at(index).is_string()) {
 579       this_oop->string_at(index, CHECK);
 580     }
 581   }
 582 }
 583 
 584 // Resolve all the classes in the constant pool.  If they are all resolved,
 585 // the constant pool is read-only.  Enhancement: allocate cp entries to
 586 // another metaspace, and copy to read-only or read-write space if this
 587 // bit is set.
 588 bool ConstantPool::resolve_class_constants(TRAPS) {
 589   constantPoolHandle cp(THREAD, this);
 590   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
 591     if (tag_at(index).is_unresolved_klass() &&
 592         klass_at_if_loaded(cp, index) == NULL) {
 593       return false;
 594   }
 595   }
 596   // set_preresolution(); or some bit for future use
 597   return true;
 598 }
 599 
 600 // If resolution for MethodHandle or MethodType fails, save the exception
 601 // in the resolution error table, so that the same exception is thrown again.
 602 void ConstantPool::save_and_throw_exception(constantPoolHandle this_oop, int which,
 603                                      int tag, TRAPS) {
 604   ResourceMark rm;
 605   Symbol* error = PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->name();
 606   MonitorLockerEx ml(this_oop->lock());  // lock cpool to change tag.
 607 
 608   int error_tag = (tag == JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle) ?
 609            JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError : JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError;
 610 
 611   if (!PENDING_EXCEPTION->
 612     is_a(SystemDictionary::LinkageError_klass())) {
 613     // Just throw the exception and don't prevent these classes from
 614     // being loaded due to virtual machine errors like StackOverflow
 615     // and OutOfMemoryError, etc, or if the thread was hit by stop()
 616     // Needs clarification to section 5.4.3 of the VM spec (see 6308271)
 617 
 618   } else if (this_oop->tag_at(which).value() != error_tag) {
 619     SystemDictionary::add_resolution_error(this_oop, which, error);
 620     this_oop->tag_at_put(which, error_tag);
 621   } else {
 622     // some other thread has put the class in error state.
 623     error = SystemDictionary::find_resolution_error(this_oop, which);
 624     assert(error != NULL, "checking");
 625     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 626     THROW_MSG(error, "");
 627   }
 628 }
 629 
 630 
 631 // Called to resolve constants in the constant pool and return an oop.
 632 // Some constant pool entries cache their resolved oop. This is also
 633 // called to create oops from constants to use in arguments for invokedynamic
 634 oop ConstantPool::resolve_constant_at_impl(constantPoolHandle this_oop, int index, int cache_index, TRAPS) {
 635   oop result_oop = NULL;
 636   Handle throw_exception;
 637 
 638   if (cache_index == _possible_index_sentinel) {
 639     // It is possible that this constant is one which is cached in the objects.
 640     // We'll do a linear search.  This should be OK because this usage is rare.
 641     assert(index > 0, "valid index");
 642     cache_index = this_oop->cp_to_object_index(index);
 643   }
 644   assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel || cache_index >= 0, "");
 645   assert(index == _no_index_sentinel || index >= 0, "");
 646 
 647   if (cache_index >= 0) {
 648     result_oop = this_oop->resolved_references()->obj_at(cache_index);
 649     if (result_oop != NULL) {
 650       return result_oop;
 651       // That was easy...
 652     }
 653     index = this_oop->object_to_cp_index(cache_index);
 654   }
 655 
 656   jvalue prim_value;  // temp used only in a few cases below
 657 
 658   int tag_value = this_oop->tag_at(index).value();
 659 
 660   switch (tag_value) {
 661 
 662   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 663   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
 664   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
 665     {
 666       assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
 667       Klass* resolved = klass_at_impl(this_oop, index, CHECK_NULL);
 668       // ldc wants the java mirror.
 669       result_oop = resolved->java_mirror();
 670       break;
 671     }
 672 
 673   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
 674     assert(cache_index != _no_index_sentinel, "should have been set");
 675     if (this_oop->is_pseudo_string_at(index)) {
 676       result_oop = this_oop->pseudo_string_at(index, cache_index);
 677       break;
 678     }
 679     result_oop = string_at_impl(this_oop, index, cache_index, CHECK_NULL);
 680     break;
 681 
 682   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
 683   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
 684     {
 685       Symbol* error = SystemDictionary::find_resolution_error(this_oop, index);
 686       guarantee(error != (Symbol*)NULL, "tag mismatch with resolution error table");
 687       ResourceMark rm;
 688       THROW_MSG_0(error, "");
 689       break;
 690     }
 691 
 692   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
 693     {
 694       int ref_kind                 = this_oop->method_handle_ref_kind_at(index);
 695       int callee_index             = this_oop->method_handle_klass_index_at(index);
 696       Symbol*  name =      this_oop->method_handle_name_ref_at(index);
 697       Symbol*  signature = this_oop->method_handle_signature_ref_at(index);
 698       if (PrintMiscellaneous)
 699         tty->print_cr("resolve JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:%d [%d/%d/%d] %s.%s",
 700                       ref_kind, index, this_oop->method_handle_index_at(index),
 701                       callee_index, name->as_C_string(), signature->as_C_string());
 702       KlassHandle callee;
 703       { Klass* k = klass_at_impl(this_oop, callee_index, CHECK_NULL);
 704         callee = KlassHandle(THREAD, k);
 705       }
 706       KlassHandle klass(THREAD, this_oop->pool_holder());
 707       Handle value = SystemDictionary::link_method_handle_constant(klass, ref_kind,
 708                                                                    callee, name, signature,
 709                                                                    THREAD);
 710       result_oop = value();
 711       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 712         save_and_throw_exception(this_oop, index, tag_value, CHECK_NULL);
 713       }
 714       break;
 715     }
 716 
 717   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
 718     {
 719       Symbol*  signature = this_oop->method_type_signature_at(index);
 720       if (PrintMiscellaneous)
 721         tty->print_cr("resolve JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType [%d/%d] %s",
 722                       index, this_oop->method_type_index_at(index),
 723                       signature->as_C_string());
 724       KlassHandle klass(THREAD, this_oop->pool_holder());
 725       Handle value = SystemDictionary::find_method_handle_type(signature, klass, THREAD);
 726       result_oop = value();
 727       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 728         save_and_throw_exception(this_oop, index, tag_value, CHECK_NULL);
 729       }
 730       break;
 731     }
 732 
 733   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
 734     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
 735     prim_value.i = this_oop->int_at(index);
 736     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_INT, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
 737     break;
 738 
 739   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
 740     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
 741     prim_value.f = this_oop->float_at(index);
 742     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_FLOAT, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
 743     break;
 744 
 745   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
 746     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
 747     prim_value.j = this_oop->long_at(index);
 748     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_LONG, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
 749     break;
 750 
 751   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
 752     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
 753     prim_value.d = this_oop->double_at(index);
 754     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_DOUBLE, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
 755     break;
 756 
 757   default:
 758     DEBUG_ONLY( tty->print_cr("*** %p: tag at CP[%d/%d] = %d",
 759                               this_oop(), index, cache_index, tag_value) );
 760     assert(false, "unexpected constant tag");
 761     break;
 762   }
 763 
 764   if (cache_index >= 0) {
 765     // Cache the oop here also.
 766     Handle result_handle(THREAD, result_oop);
 767     MonitorLockerEx ml(this_oop->lock());  // don't know if we really need this
 768     oop result = this_oop->resolved_references()->obj_at(cache_index);
 769     // Benign race condition:  resolved_references may already be filled in while we were trying to lock.
 770     // The important thing here is that all threads pick up the same result.
 771     // It doesn't matter which racing thread wins, as long as only one
 772     // result is used by all threads, and all future queries.
 773     // That result may be either a resolved constant or a failure exception.
 774     if (result == NULL) {
 775       this_oop->resolved_references()->obj_at_put(cache_index, result_handle());
 776       return result_handle();
 777     } else {
 778       // Return the winning thread's result.  This can be different than
 779       // result_handle() for MethodHandles.
 780       return result;
 781     }
 782   } else {
 783     return result_oop;
 784   }
 785 }
 786 
 787 oop ConstantPool::uncached_string_at(int which, TRAPS) {
 788   Symbol* sym = unresolved_string_at(which);
 789   oop str = StringTable::intern(sym, CHECK_(NULL));
 790   assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(str), "must be string");
 791   return str;
 792 }
 793 
 794 
 795 oop ConstantPool::resolve_bootstrap_specifier_at_impl(constantPoolHandle this_oop, int index, TRAPS) {
 796   assert(this_oop->tag_at(index).is_invoke_dynamic(), "Corrupted constant pool");
 797 
 798   Handle bsm;
 799   int argc;
 800   {
 801     // JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic is an ordered pair of [bootm, name&type], plus optional arguments
 802     // The bootm, being a JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle, has its own cache entry.
 803     // It is accompanied by the optional arguments.
 804     int bsm_index = this_oop->invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(index);
 805     oop bsm_oop = this_oop->resolve_possibly_cached_constant_at(bsm_index, CHECK_NULL);
 806     if (!java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle::is_instance(bsm_oop)) {
 807       THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_LinkageError(), "BSM not an MethodHandle");
 808     }
 809 
 810     // Extract the optional static arguments.
 811     argc = this_oop->invoke_dynamic_argument_count_at(index);
 812     if (argc == 0)  return bsm_oop;
 813 
 814     bsm = Handle(THREAD, bsm_oop);
 815   }
 816 
 817   objArrayHandle info;
 818   {
 819     objArrayOop info_oop = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), 1+argc, CHECK_NULL);
 820     info = objArrayHandle(THREAD, info_oop);
 821   }
 822 
 823   info->obj_at_put(0, bsm());
 824   for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 825     int arg_index = this_oop->invoke_dynamic_argument_index_at(index, i);
 826     oop arg_oop = this_oop->resolve_possibly_cached_constant_at(arg_index, CHECK_NULL);
 827     info->obj_at_put(1+i, arg_oop);
 828   }
 829 
 830   return info();
 831 }
 832 
 833 oop ConstantPool::string_at_impl(constantPoolHandle this_oop, int which, int obj_index, TRAPS) {
 834   // If the string has already been interned, this entry will be non-null
 835   oop str = this_oop->resolved_references()->obj_at(obj_index);
 836   if (str != NULL) return str;
 837   Symbol* sym = this_oop->unresolved_string_at(which);
 838   str = StringTable::intern(sym, CHECK_(NULL));
 839   this_oop->string_at_put(which, obj_index, str);
 840   assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(str), "must be string");
 841   return str;
 842 }
 843 
 844 
 845 bool ConstantPool::klass_name_at_matches(instanceKlassHandle k,
 846                                                 int which) {
 847   // Names are interned, so we can compare Symbol*s directly
 848   Symbol* cp_name = klass_name_at(which);
 849   return (cp_name == k->name());
 850 }
 851 
 852 
 853 // Iterate over symbols and decrement ones which are Symbol*s.
 854 // This is done during GC so do not need to lock constantPool unless we
 855 // have per-thread safepoints.
 856 // Only decrement the UTF8 symbols. Unresolved classes and strings point to
 857 // these symbols but didn't increment the reference count.
 858 void ConstantPool::unreference_symbols() {
 859   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
 860     constantTag tag = tag_at(index);
 861     if (tag.is_symbol()) {
 862       symbol_at(index)->decrement_refcount();
 863     }
 864   }
 865 }
 866 
 867 
 868 // Compare this constant pool's entry at index1 to the constant pool
 869 // cp2's entry at index2.
 870 bool ConstantPool::compare_entry_to(int index1, constantPoolHandle cp2,
 871        int index2, TRAPS) {
 872 
 873   // The error tags are equivalent to non-error tags when comparing
 874   jbyte t1 = tag_at(index1).non_error_value();
 875   jbyte t2 = cp2->tag_at(index2).non_error_value();
 876 
 877   if (t1 != t2) {
 878     // Not the same entry type so there is nothing else to check. Note
 879     // that this style of checking will consider resolved/unresolved
 880     // class pairs as different.
 881     // From the ConstantPool* API point of view, this is correct
 882     // behavior. See VM_RedefineClasses::merge_constant_pools() to see how this
 883     // plays out in the context of ConstantPool* merging.
 884     return false;
 885   }
 886 
 887   switch (t1) {
 888   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
 889   {
 890     Klass* k1 = klass_at(index1, CHECK_false);
 891     Klass* k2 = cp2->klass_at(index2, CHECK_false);
 892     if (k1 == k2) {
 893       return true;
 894     }
 895   } break;
 896 
 897   case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
 898   {
 899     int recur1 = klass_index_at(index1);
 900     int recur2 = cp2->klass_index_at(index2);
 901     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 902     if (match) {
 903       return true;
 904     }
 905   } break;
 906 
 907   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
 908   {
 909     jdouble d1 = double_at(index1);
 910     jdouble d2 = cp2->double_at(index2);
 911     if (d1 == d2) {
 912       return true;
 913     }
 914   } break;
 915 
 916   case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
 917   case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
 918   case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
 919   {
 920     int recur1 = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index1);
 921     int recur2 = cp2->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index2);
 922     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 923     if (match) {
 924       recur1 = uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
 925       recur2 = cp2->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
 926       match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 927       if (match) {
 928         return true;
 929       }
 930     }
 931   } break;
 932 
 933   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
 934   {
 935     jfloat f1 = float_at(index1);
 936     jfloat f2 = cp2->float_at(index2);
 937     if (f1 == f2) {
 938       return true;
 939     }
 940   } break;
 941 
 942   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
 943   {
 944     jint i1 = int_at(index1);
 945     jint i2 = cp2->int_at(index2);
 946     if (i1 == i2) {
 947       return true;
 948     }
 949   } break;
 950 
 951   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
 952   {
 953     jlong l1 = long_at(index1);
 954     jlong l2 = cp2->long_at(index2);
 955     if (l1 == l2) {
 956       return true;
 957     }
 958   } break;
 959 
 960   case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
 961   {
 962     int recur1 = name_ref_index_at(index1);
 963     int recur2 = cp2->name_ref_index_at(index2);
 964     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 965     if (match) {
 966       recur1 = signature_ref_index_at(index1);
 967       recur2 = cp2->signature_ref_index_at(index2);
 968       match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 969       if (match) {
 970         return true;
 971       }
 972     }
 973   } break;
 974 
 975   case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
 976   {
 977     int recur1 = string_index_at(index1);
 978     int recur2 = cp2->string_index_at(index2);
 979     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 980     if (match) {
 981       return true;
 982     }
 983   } break;
 984 
 985   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 986   {
 987     Symbol* k1 = unresolved_klass_at(index1);
 988     Symbol* k2 = cp2->unresolved_klass_at(index2);
 989     if (k1 == k2) {
 990       return true;
 991     }
 992   } break;
 993 
 994   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
 995   {
 996     int k1 = method_type_index_at_error_ok(index1);
 997     int k2 = cp2->method_type_index_at_error_ok(index2);
 998     bool match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2, CHECK_false);
 999     if (match) {
1000       return true;
1001     }
1002   } break;
1003 
1004   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1005   {
1006     int k1 = method_handle_ref_kind_at_error_ok(index1);
1007     int k2 = cp2->method_handle_ref_kind_at_error_ok(index2);
1008     if (k1 == k2) {
1009       int i1 = method_handle_index_at_error_ok(index1);
1010       int i2 = cp2->method_handle_index_at_error_ok(index2);
1011       bool match = compare_entry_to(i1, cp2, i2, CHECK_false);
1012       if (match) {
1013         return true;
1014       }
1015     }
1016   } break;
1017 
1018   case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1019   {
1020     int k1 = invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
1021     int k2 = cp2->invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
1022     int i1 = invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_specifier_index(index1);
1023     int i2 = cp2->invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_specifier_index(index2);
1024     // separate statements and variables because CHECK_false is used
1025     bool match_entry = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2, CHECK_false);
1026     bool match_operand = compare_operand_to(i1, cp2, i2, CHECK_false);
1027     return (match_entry && match_operand);
1028   } break;
1029 
1030   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1031   {
1032     Symbol* s1 = unresolved_string_at(index1);
1033     Symbol* s2 = cp2->unresolved_string_at(index2);
1034     if (s1 == s2) {
1035       return true;
1036     }
1037   } break;
1038 
1039   case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1040   {
1041     Symbol* s1 = symbol_at(index1);
1042     Symbol* s2 = cp2->symbol_at(index2);
1043     if (s1 == s2) {
1044       return true;
1045     }
1046   } break;
1047 
1048   // Invalid is used as the tag for the second constant pool entry
1049   // occupied by JVM_CONSTANT_Double or JVM_CONSTANT_Long. It should
1050   // not be seen by itself.
1051   case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: // fall through
1052 
1053   default:
1054     ShouldNotReachHere();
1055     break;
1056   }
1057 
1058   return false;
1059 } // end compare_entry_to()
1060 
1061 
1062 // Resize the operands array with delta_len and delta_size.
1063 // Used in RedefineClasses for CP merge.
1064 void ConstantPool::resize_operands(int delta_len, int delta_size, TRAPS) {
1065   int old_len  = operand_array_length(operands());
1066   int new_len  = old_len + delta_len;
1067   int min_len  = (delta_len > 0) ? old_len : new_len;
1068 
1069   int old_size = operands()->length();
1070   int new_size = old_size + delta_size;
1071   int min_size = (delta_size > 0) ? old_size : new_size;
1072 
1073   ClassLoaderData* loader_data = pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
1074   Array<u2>* new_ops = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, new_size, CHECK);
1075 
1076   // Set index in the resized array for existing elements only
1077   for (int idx = 0; idx < min_len; idx++) {
1078     int offset = operand_offset_at(idx);                       // offset in original array
1079     operand_offset_at_put(new_ops, idx, offset + 2*delta_len); // offset in resized array
1080   }
1081   // Copy the bootstrap specifiers only
1082   Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(operands()->adr_at(2*old_len),
1083                                new_ops->adr_at(2*new_len),
1084                                (min_size - 2*min_len) * sizeof(u2));
1085   // Explicitly deallocate old operands array.
1086   // Note, it is not needed for 7u backport.
1087   if ( operands() != NULL) { // the safety check
1088     MetadataFactory::free_array<u2>(loader_data, operands());
1089   }
1090   set_operands(new_ops);
1091 } // end resize_operands()
1092 
1093 
1094 // Extend the operands array with the length and size of the ext_cp operands.
1095 // Used in RedefineClasses for CP merge.
1096 void ConstantPool::extend_operands(constantPoolHandle ext_cp, TRAPS) {
1097   int delta_len = operand_array_length(ext_cp->operands());
1098   if (delta_len == 0) {
1099     return; // nothing to do
1100   }
1101   int delta_size = ext_cp->operands()->length();
1102 
1103   assert(delta_len  > 0 && delta_size > 0, "extended operands array must be bigger");
1104 
1105   if (operand_array_length(operands()) == 0) {
1106     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
1107     Array<u2>* new_ops = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, delta_size, CHECK);
1108     // The first element index defines the offset of second part
1109     operand_offset_at_put(new_ops, 0, 2*delta_len); // offset in new array
1110     set_operands(new_ops);
1111   } else {
1112     resize_operands(delta_len, delta_size, CHECK);
1113   }
1114 
1115 } // end extend_operands()
1116 
1117 
1118 // Shrink the operands array to a smaller array with new_len length.
1119 // Used in RedefineClasses for CP merge.
1120 void ConstantPool::shrink_operands(int new_len, TRAPS) {
1121   int old_len = operand_array_length(operands());
1122   if (new_len == old_len) {
1123     return; // nothing to do
1124   }
1125   assert(new_len < old_len, "shrunken operands array must be smaller");
1126 
1127   int free_base  = operand_next_offset_at(new_len - 1);
1128   int delta_len  = new_len - old_len;
1129   int delta_size = 2*delta_len + free_base - operands()->length();
1130 
1131   resize_operands(delta_len, delta_size, CHECK);
1132 
1133 } // end shrink_operands()
1134 
1135 
1136 void ConstantPool::copy_operands(constantPoolHandle from_cp,
1137                                  constantPoolHandle to_cp,
1138                                  TRAPS) {
1139 
1140   int from_oplen = operand_array_length(from_cp->operands());
1141   int old_oplen  = operand_array_length(to_cp->operands());
1142   if (from_oplen != 0) {
1143     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = to_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
1144     // append my operands to the target's operands array
1145     if (old_oplen == 0) {
1146       // Can't just reuse from_cp's operand list because of deallocation issues
1147       int len = from_cp->operands()->length();
1148       Array<u2>* new_ops = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, len, CHECK);
1149       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(
1150           from_cp->operands()->adr_at(0), new_ops->adr_at(0), len * sizeof(u2));
1151       to_cp->set_operands(new_ops);
1152     } else {
1153       int old_len  = to_cp->operands()->length();
1154       int from_len = from_cp->operands()->length();
1155       int old_off  = old_oplen * sizeof(u2);
1156       int from_off = from_oplen * sizeof(u2);
1157       // Use the metaspace for the destination constant pool
1158       Array<u2>* new_operands = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, old_len + from_len, CHECK);
1159       int fillp = 0, len = 0;
1160       // first part of dest
1161       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(to_cp->operands()->adr_at(0),
1162                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1163                                    (len = old_off) * sizeof(u2));
1164       fillp += len;
1165       // first part of src
1166       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(from_cp->operands()->adr_at(0),
1167                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1168                                    (len = from_off) * sizeof(u2));
1169       fillp += len;
1170       // second part of dest
1171       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(to_cp->operands()->adr_at(old_off),
1172                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1173                                    (len = old_len - old_off) * sizeof(u2));
1174       fillp += len;
1175       // second part of src
1176       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(from_cp->operands()->adr_at(from_off),
1177                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1178                                    (len = from_len - from_off) * sizeof(u2));
1179       fillp += len;
1180       assert(fillp == new_operands->length(), "");
1181 
1182       // Adjust indexes in the first part of the copied operands array.
1183       for (int j = 0; j < from_oplen; j++) {
1184         int offset = operand_offset_at(new_operands, old_oplen + j);
1185         assert(offset == operand_offset_at(from_cp->operands(), j), "correct copy");
1186         offset += old_len;  // every new tuple is preceded by old_len extra u2's
1187         operand_offset_at_put(new_operands, old_oplen + j, offset);
1188       }
1189 
1190       // replace target operands array with combined array
1191       to_cp->set_operands(new_operands);
1192     }
1193   }
1194 } // end copy_operands()
1195 
1196 
1197 // Copy this constant pool's entries at start_i to end_i (inclusive)
1198 // to the constant pool to_cp's entries starting at to_i. A total of
1199 // (end_i - start_i) + 1 entries are copied.
1200 void ConstantPool::copy_cp_to_impl(constantPoolHandle from_cp, int start_i, int end_i,
1201        constantPoolHandle to_cp, int to_i, TRAPS) {
1202 
1203 
1204   int dest_i = to_i;  // leave original alone for debug purposes
1205 
1206   for (int src_i = start_i; src_i <= end_i; /* see loop bottom */ ) {
1207     copy_entry_to(from_cp, src_i, to_cp, dest_i, CHECK);
1208 
1209     switch (from_cp->tag_at(src_i).value()) {
1210     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1211     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1212       // double and long take two constant pool entries
1213       src_i += 2;
1214       dest_i += 2;
1215       break;
1216 
1217     default:
1218       // all others take one constant pool entry
1219       src_i++;
1220       dest_i++;
1221       break;
1222     }
1223   }
1224   copy_operands(from_cp, to_cp, CHECK);
1225 
1226 } // end copy_cp_to_impl()
1227 
1228 
1229 // Copy this constant pool's entry at from_i to the constant pool
1230 // to_cp's entry at to_i.
1231 void ConstantPool::copy_entry_to(constantPoolHandle from_cp, int from_i,
1232                                         constantPoolHandle to_cp, int to_i,
1233                                         TRAPS) {
1234 
1235   int tag = from_cp->tag_at(from_i).value();
1236   switch (tag) {
1237   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1238   {
1239     Klass* k = from_cp->klass_at(from_i, CHECK);
1240     to_cp->klass_at_put(to_i, k);
1241   } break;
1242 
1243   case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
1244   {
1245     jint ki = from_cp->klass_index_at(from_i);
1246     to_cp->klass_index_at_put(to_i, ki);
1247   } break;
1248 
1249   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1250   {
1251     jdouble d = from_cp->double_at(from_i);
1252     to_cp->double_at_put(to_i, d);
1253     // double takes two constant pool entries so init second entry's tag
1254     to_cp->tag_at_put(to_i + 1, JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid);
1255   } break;
1256 
1257   case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1258   {
1259     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1260     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1261     to_cp->field_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1262   } break;
1263 
1264   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1265   {
1266     jfloat f = from_cp->float_at(from_i);
1267     to_cp->float_at_put(to_i, f);
1268   } break;
1269 
1270   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1271   {
1272     jint i = from_cp->int_at(from_i);
1273     to_cp->int_at_put(to_i, i);
1274   } break;
1275 
1276   case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
1277   {
1278     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1279     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1280     to_cp->interface_method_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1281   } break;
1282 
1283   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1284   {
1285     jlong l = from_cp->long_at(from_i);
1286     to_cp->long_at_put(to_i, l);
1287     // long takes two constant pool entries so init second entry's tag
1288     to_cp->tag_at_put(to_i + 1, JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid);
1289   } break;
1290 
1291   case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1292   {
1293     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1294     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1295     to_cp->method_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1296   } break;
1297 
1298   case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
1299   {
1300     int name_ref_index = from_cp->name_ref_index_at(from_i);
1301     int signature_ref_index = from_cp->signature_ref_index_at(from_i);
1302     to_cp->name_and_type_at_put(to_i, name_ref_index, signature_ref_index);
1303   } break;
1304 
1305   case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
1306   {
1307     jint si = from_cp->string_index_at(from_i);
1308     to_cp->string_index_at_put(to_i, si);
1309   } break;
1310 
1311   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1312   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
1313   {
1314     // Can be resolved after checking tag, so check the slot first.
1315     CPSlot entry = from_cp->slot_at(from_i);
1316     if (entry.is_resolved()) {
1317       assert(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(), "must be");
1318       // Already resolved
1319       to_cp->klass_at_put(to_i, entry.get_klass());
1320     } else {
1321       to_cp->unresolved_klass_at_put(to_i, entry.get_symbol());
1322     }
1323   } break;
1324 
1325   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1326   {
1327     Symbol* s = from_cp->unresolved_string_at(from_i);
1328     to_cp->unresolved_string_at_put(to_i, s);
1329   } break;
1330 
1331   case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1332   {
1333     Symbol* s = from_cp->symbol_at(from_i);
1334     // Need to increase refcount, the old one will be thrown away and deferenced
1335     s->increment_refcount();
1336     to_cp->symbol_at_put(to_i, s);
1337   } break;
1338 
1339   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1340   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
1341   {
1342     jint k = from_cp->method_type_index_at_error_ok(from_i);
1343     to_cp->method_type_index_at_put(to_i, k);
1344   } break;
1345 
1346   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1347   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
1348   {
1349     int k1 = from_cp->method_handle_ref_kind_at_error_ok(from_i);
1350     int k2 = from_cp->method_handle_index_at_error_ok(from_i);
1351     to_cp->method_handle_index_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1352   } break;
1353 
1354   case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1355   {
1356     int k1 = from_cp->invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_specifier_index(from_i);
1357     int k2 = from_cp->invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1358     k1 += operand_array_length(to_cp->operands());  // to_cp might already have operands
1359     to_cp->invoke_dynamic_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1360   } break;
1361 
1362   // Invalid is used as the tag for the second constant pool entry
1363   // occupied by JVM_CONSTANT_Double or JVM_CONSTANT_Long. It should
1364   // not be seen by itself.
1365   case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: // fall through
1366 
1367   default:
1368   {
1369     ShouldNotReachHere();
1370   } break;
1371   }
1372 } // end copy_entry_to()
1373 
1374 
1375 // Search constant pool search_cp for an entry that matches this
1376 // constant pool's entry at pattern_i. Returns the index of a
1377 // matching entry or zero (0) if there is no matching entry.
1378 int ConstantPool::find_matching_entry(int pattern_i,
1379       constantPoolHandle search_cp, TRAPS) {
1380 
1381   // index zero (0) is not used
1382   for (int i = 1; i < search_cp->length(); i++) {
1383     bool found = compare_entry_to(pattern_i, search_cp, i, CHECK_0);
1384     if (found) {
1385       return i;
1386     }
1387   }
1388 
1389   return 0;  // entry not found; return unused index zero (0)
1390 } // end find_matching_entry()
1391 
1392 
1393 // Compare this constant pool's bootstrap specifier at idx1 to the constant pool
1394 // cp2's bootstrap specifier at idx2.
1395 bool ConstantPool::compare_operand_to(int idx1, constantPoolHandle cp2, int idx2, TRAPS) {
1396   int k1 = operand_bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(idx1);
1397   int k2 = cp2->operand_bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(idx2);
1398   bool match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2, CHECK_false);
1399 
1400   if (!match) {
1401     return false;
1402   }
1403   int argc = operand_argument_count_at(idx1);
1404   if (argc == cp2->operand_argument_count_at(idx2)) {
1405     for (int j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
1406       k1 = operand_argument_index_at(idx1, j);
1407       k2 = cp2->operand_argument_index_at(idx2, j);
1408       match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2, CHECK_false);
1409       if (!match) {
1410         return false;
1411       }
1412     }
1413     return true;           // got through loop; all elements equal
1414   }
1415   return false;
1416 } // end compare_operand_to()
1417 
1418 // Search constant pool search_cp for a bootstrap specifier that matches
1419 // this constant pool's bootstrap specifier at pattern_i index.
1420 // Return the index of a matching bootstrap specifier or (-1) if there is no match.
1421 int ConstantPool::find_matching_operand(int pattern_i,
1422                     constantPoolHandle search_cp, int search_len, TRAPS) {
1423   for (int i = 0; i < search_len; i++) {
1424     bool found = compare_operand_to(pattern_i, search_cp, i, CHECK_(-1));
1425     if (found) {
1426       return i;
1427     }
1428   }
1429   return -1;  // bootstrap specifier not found; return unused index (-1)
1430 } // end find_matching_operand()
1431 
1432 
1433 #ifndef PRODUCT
1434 
1435 const char* ConstantPool::printable_name_at(int which) {
1436 
1437   constantTag tag = tag_at(which);
1438 
1439   if (tag.is_string()) {
1440     return string_at_noresolve(which);
1441   } else if (tag.is_klass() || tag.is_unresolved_klass()) {
1442     return klass_name_at(which)->as_C_string();
1443   } else if (tag.is_symbol()) {
1444     return symbol_at(which)->as_C_string();
1445   }
1446   return "";
1447 }
1448 
1449 #endif // PRODUCT
1450 
1451 
1452 // JVMTI GetConstantPool support
1453 
1454 // For debugging of constant pool
1455 const bool debug_cpool = false;
1456 
1457 #define DBG(code) do { if (debug_cpool) { (code); } } while(0)
1458 
1459 static void print_cpool_bytes(jint cnt, u1 *bytes) {
1460   const char* WARN_MSG = "Must not be such entry!";
1461   jint size = 0;
1462   u2   idx1, idx2;
1463 
1464   for (jint idx = 1; idx < cnt; idx++) {
1465     jint ent_size = 0;
1466     u1   tag  = *bytes++;
1467     size++;                       // count tag
1468 
1469     printf("const #%03d, tag: %02d ", idx, tag);
1470     switch(tag) {
1471       case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: {
1472         printf("Invalid");
1473         break;
1474       }
1475       case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode: {
1476         printf("Unicode      %s", WARN_MSG);
1477         break;
1478       }
1479       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
1480         u2 len = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1481         char str[128];
1482         if (len > 127) {
1483            len = 127;
1484         }
1485         strncpy(str, (char *) (bytes+2), len);
1486         str[len] = '\0';
1487         printf("Utf8          \"%s\"", str);
1488         ent_size = 2 + len;
1489         break;
1490       }
1491       case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer: {
1492         u4 val = Bytes::get_Java_u4(bytes);
1493         printf("int          %d", *(int *) &val);
1494         ent_size = 4;
1495         break;
1496       }
1497       case JVM_CONSTANT_Float: {
1498         u4 val = Bytes::get_Java_u4(bytes);
1499         printf("float        %5.3ff", *(float *) &val);
1500         ent_size = 4;
1501         break;
1502       }
1503       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long: {
1504         u8 val = Bytes::get_Java_u8(bytes);
1505         printf("long         " INT64_FORMAT, (int64_t) *(jlong *) &val);
1506         ent_size = 8;
1507         idx++; // Long takes two cpool slots
1508         break;
1509       }
1510       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
1511         u8 val = Bytes::get_Java_u8(bytes);
1512         printf("double       %5.3fd", *(jdouble *)&val);
1513         ent_size = 8;
1514         idx++; // Double takes two cpool slots
1515         break;
1516       }
1517       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class: {
1518         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1519         printf("class        #%03d", idx1);
1520         ent_size = 2;
1521         break;
1522       }
1523       case JVM_CONSTANT_String: {
1524         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1525         printf("String       #%03d", idx1);
1526         ent_size = 2;
1527         break;
1528       }
1529       case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref: {
1530         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1531         idx2 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes+2);
1532         printf("Field        #%03d, #%03d", (int) idx1, (int) idx2);
1533         ent_size = 4;
1534         break;
1535       }
1536       case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref: {
1537         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1538         idx2 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes+2);
1539         printf("Method       #%03d, #%03d", idx1, idx2);
1540         ent_size = 4;
1541         break;
1542       }
1543       case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: {
1544         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1545         idx2 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes+2);
1546         printf("InterfMethod #%03d, #%03d", idx1, idx2);
1547         ent_size = 4;
1548         break;
1549       }
1550       case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType: {
1551         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1552         idx2 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes+2);
1553         printf("NameAndType  #%03d, #%03d", idx1, idx2);
1554         ent_size = 4;
1555         break;
1556       }
1557       case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: {
1558         printf("ClassIndex  %s", WARN_MSG);
1559         break;
1560       }
1561       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass: {
1562         printf("UnresolvedClass: %s", WARN_MSG);
1563         break;
1564       }
1565       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
1566         printf("UnresolvedClassInErr: %s", WARN_MSG);
1567         break;
1568       }
1569       case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex: {
1570         printf("StringIndex: %s", WARN_MSG);
1571         break;
1572       }
1573     }
1574     printf(";\n");
1575     bytes += ent_size;
1576     size  += ent_size;
1577   }
1578   printf("Cpool size: %d\n", size);
1579   fflush(0);
1580   return;
1581 } /* end print_cpool_bytes */
1582 
1583 
1584 // Returns size of constant pool entry.
1585 jint ConstantPool::cpool_entry_size(jint idx) {
1586   switch(tag_at(idx).value()) {
1587     case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid:
1588     case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode:
1589       return 1;
1590 
1591     case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1592       return 3 + symbol_at(idx)->utf8_length();
1593 
1594     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1595     case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1596     case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
1597     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1598     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
1599     case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
1600     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1601     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
1602       return 3;
1603 
1604     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1605     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
1606       return 4; //tag, ref_kind, ref_index
1607 
1608     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1609     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1610     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1611     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1612     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
1613     case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
1614       return 5;
1615 
1616     case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1617       // u1 tag, u2 bsm, u2 nt
1618       return 5;
1619 
1620     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1621     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1622       return 9;
1623   }
1624   assert(false, "cpool_entry_size: Invalid constant pool entry tag");
1625   return 1;
1626 } /* end cpool_entry_size */
1627 
1628 
1629 // SymbolHashMap is used to find a constant pool index from a string.
1630 // This function fills in SymbolHashMaps, one for utf8s and one for
1631 // class names, returns size of the cpool raw bytes.
1632 jint ConstantPool::hash_entries_to(SymbolHashMap *symmap,
1633                                           SymbolHashMap *classmap) {
1634   jint size = 0;
1635 
1636   for (u2 idx = 1; idx < length(); idx++) {
1637     u2 tag = tag_at(idx).value();
1638     size += cpool_entry_size(idx);
1639 
1640     switch(tag) {
1641       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
1642         Symbol* sym = symbol_at(idx);
1643         symmap->add_entry(sym, idx);
1644         DBG(printf("adding symbol entry %s = %d\n", sym->as_utf8(), idx));
1645         break;
1646       }
1647       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1648       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1649       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
1650         Symbol* sym = klass_name_at(idx);
1651         classmap->add_entry(sym, idx);
1652         DBG(printf("adding class entry %s = %d\n", sym->as_utf8(), idx));
1653         break;
1654       }
1655       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1656       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
1657         idx++; // Both Long and Double take two cpool slots
1658         break;
1659       }
1660     }
1661   }
1662   return size;
1663 } /* end hash_utf8_entries_to */
1664 
1665 
1666 // Copy cpool bytes.
1667 // Returns:
1668 //    0, in case of OutOfMemoryError
1669 //   -1, in case of internal error
1670 //  > 0, count of the raw cpool bytes that have been copied
1671 int ConstantPool::copy_cpool_bytes(int cpool_size,
1672                                           SymbolHashMap* tbl,
1673                                           unsigned char *bytes) {
1674   u2   idx1, idx2;
1675   jint size  = 0;
1676   jint cnt   = length();
1677   unsigned char *start_bytes = bytes;
1678 
1679   for (jint idx = 1; idx < cnt; idx++) {
1680     u1   tag      = tag_at(idx).value();
1681     jint ent_size = cpool_entry_size(idx);
1682 
1683     assert(size + ent_size <= cpool_size, "Size mismatch");
1684 
1685     *bytes = tag;
1686     DBG(printf("#%03hd tag=%03hd, ", idx, tag));
1687     switch(tag) {
1688       case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: {
1689         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid"));
1690         break;
1691       }
1692       case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode: {
1693         assert(false, "Wrong constant pool tag: JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode");
1694         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode"));
1695         break;
1696       }
1697       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
1698         Symbol* sym = symbol_at(idx);
1699         char*     str = sym->as_utf8();
1700         // Warning! It's crashing on x86 with len = sym->utf8_length()
1701         int       len = (int) strlen(str);
1702         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), (u2) len);
1703         for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
1704             bytes[3+i] = (u1) str[i];
1705         }
1706         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: %s ", str));
1707         break;
1708       }
1709       case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer: {
1710         jint val = int_at(idx);
1711         Bytes::put_Java_u4((address) (bytes+1), *(u4*)&val);
1712         break;
1713       }
1714       case JVM_CONSTANT_Float: {
1715         jfloat val = float_at(idx);
1716         Bytes::put_Java_u4((address) (bytes+1), *(u4*)&val);
1717         break;
1718       }
1719       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long: {
1720         jlong val = long_at(idx);
1721         Bytes::put_Java_u8((address) (bytes+1), *(u8*)&val);
1722         idx++;             // Long takes two cpool slots
1723         break;
1724       }
1725       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
1726         jdouble val = double_at(idx);
1727         Bytes::put_Java_u8((address) (bytes+1), *(u8*)&val);
1728         idx++;             // Double takes two cpool slots
1729         break;
1730       }
1731       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1732       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1733       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
1734         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_Class;
1735         Symbol* sym = klass_name_at(idx);
1736         idx1 = tbl->symbol_to_value(sym);
1737         assert(idx1 != 0, "Have not found a hashtable entry");
1738         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1739         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Class: idx=#%03hd, %s", idx1, sym->as_utf8()));
1740         break;
1741       }
1742       case JVM_CONSTANT_String: {
1743         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_String;
1744         Symbol* sym = unresolved_string_at(idx);
1745         idx1 = tbl->symbol_to_value(sym);
1746         assert(idx1 != 0, "Have not found a hashtable entry");
1747         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1748         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_String: idx=#%03hd, %s", idx1, sym->as_utf8()));
1749         break;
1750       }
1751       case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1752       case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1753       case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: {
1754         idx1 = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(idx);
1755         idx2 = uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx);
1756         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1757         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
1758         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref: %hd %hd", idx1, idx2));
1759         break;
1760       }
1761       case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType: {
1762         idx1 = name_ref_index_at(idx);
1763         idx2 = signature_ref_index_at(idx);
1764         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1765         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
1766         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType: %hd %hd", idx1, idx2));
1767         break;
1768       }
1769       case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: {
1770         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_Class;
1771         idx1 = klass_index_at(idx);
1772         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1773         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: %hd", idx1));
1774         break;
1775       }
1776       case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex: {
1777         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_String;
1778         idx1 = string_index_at(idx);
1779         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1780         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex: %hd", idx1));
1781         break;
1782       }
1783       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1784       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError: {
1785         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle;
1786         int kind = method_handle_ref_kind_at_error_ok(idx);
1787         idx1 = method_handle_index_at_error_ok(idx);
1788         *(bytes+1) = (unsigned char) kind;
1789         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+2), idx1);
1790         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle: %d %hd", kind, idx1));
1791         break;
1792       }
1793       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1794       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError: {
1795         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType;
1796         idx1 = method_type_index_at_error_ok(idx);
1797         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1798         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType: %hd", idx1));
1799         break;
1800       }
1801       case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic: {
1802         *bytes = tag;
1803         idx1 = extract_low_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
1804         idx2 = extract_high_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
1805         assert(idx2 == invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx), "correct half of u4");
1806         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1807         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
1808         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic: %hd %hd", idx1, idx2));
1809         break;
1810       }
1811     }
1812     DBG(printf("\n"));
1813     bytes += ent_size;
1814     size  += ent_size;
1815   }
1816   assert(size == cpool_size, "Size mismatch");
1817 
1818   // Keep temorarily for debugging until it's stable.
1819   DBG(print_cpool_bytes(cnt, start_bytes));
1820   return (int)(bytes - start_bytes);
1821 } /* end copy_cpool_bytes */
1822 
1823 #undef DBG
1824 
1825 
1826 void ConstantPool::set_on_stack(const bool value) {
1827   if (value) {
1828     int old_flags = *const_cast<volatile int *>(&_flags);
1829     while ((old_flags & _on_stack) == 0) {
1830       int new_flags = old_flags | _on_stack;
1831       int result = Atomic::cmpxchg(new_flags, &_flags, old_flags);
1832 
1833       if (result == old_flags) {
1834         // Succeeded.
1835         MetadataOnStackMark::record(this, Thread::current());
1836         return;
1837       }
1838       old_flags = result;
1839     }
1840   } else {
1841     // Clearing is done single-threadedly.
1842     _flags &= ~_on_stack;
1843   }
1844 }
1845 
1846 // JSR 292 support for patching constant pool oops after the class is linked and
1847 // the oop array for resolved references are created.
1848 // We can't do this during classfile parsing, which is how the other indexes are
1849 // patched.  The other patches are applied early for some error checking
1850 // so only defer the pseudo_strings.
1851 void ConstantPool::patch_resolved_references(
1852                                             GrowableArray<Handle>* cp_patches) {
1853   assert(EnableInvokeDynamic, "");
1854   for (int index = 1; index < cp_patches->length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
1855     Handle patch = cp_patches->at(index);
1856     if (patch.not_null()) {
1857       assert (tag_at(index).is_string(), "should only be string left");
1858       // Patching a string means pre-resolving it.
1859       // The spelling in the constant pool is ignored.
1860       // The constant reference may be any object whatever.
1861       // If it is not a real interned string, the constant is referred
1862       // to as a "pseudo-string", and must be presented to the CP
1863       // explicitly, because it may require scavenging.
1864       int obj_index = cp_to_object_index(index);
1865       pseudo_string_at_put(index, obj_index, patch());
1866       DEBUG_ONLY(cp_patches->at_put(index, Handle());)
1867     }
1868   }
1869 #ifdef ASSERT
1870   // Ensure that all the patches have been used.
1871   for (int index = 0; index < cp_patches->length(); index++) {
1872     assert(cp_patches->at(index).is_null(),
1873            err_msg("Unused constant pool patch at %d in class file %s",
1874                    index,
1875                    pool_holder()->external_name()));
1876   }
1877 #endif // ASSERT
1878 }
1879 
1880 #ifndef PRODUCT
1881 
1882 // CompileTheWorld support. Preload all classes loaded references in the passed in constantpool
1883 void ConstantPool::preload_and_initialize_all_classes(ConstantPool* obj, TRAPS) {
1884   guarantee(obj->is_constantPool(), "object must be constant pool");
1885   constantPoolHandle cp(THREAD, (ConstantPool*)obj);
1886   guarantee(cp->pool_holder() != NULL, "must be fully loaded");
1887 
1888   for (int i = 0; i< cp->length();  i++) {
1889     if (cp->tag_at(i).is_unresolved_klass()) {
1890       // This will force loading of the class
1891       Klass* klass = cp->klass_at(i, CHECK);
1892       if (klass->oop_is_instance()) {
1893         // Force initialization of class
1894         InstanceKlass::cast(klass)->initialize(CHECK);
1895       }
1896     }
1897   }
1898 }
1899 
1900 #endif
1901 
1902 
1903 // Printing
1904 
1905 void ConstantPool::print_on(outputStream* st) const {
1906   EXCEPTION_MARK;
1907   assert(is_constantPool(), "must be constantPool");
1908   st->print_cr("%s", internal_name());
1909   if (flags() != 0) {
1910     st->print(" - flags: 0x%x", flags());
1911     if (has_preresolution()) st->print(" has_preresolution");
1912     if (on_stack()) st->print(" on_stack");
1913     st->cr();
1914   }
1915   if (pool_holder() != NULL) {
1916     st->print_cr(" - holder: " INTPTR_FORMAT, pool_holder());
1917   }
1918   st->print_cr(" - cache: " INTPTR_FORMAT, cache());
1919   st->print_cr(" - resolved_references: " INTPTR_FORMAT, (void *)resolved_references());
1920   st->print_cr(" - reference_map: " INTPTR_FORMAT, reference_map());
1921 
1922   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) {      // Index 0 is unused
1923     ((ConstantPool*)this)->print_entry_on(index, st);
1924     switch (tag_at(index).value()) {
1925       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long :
1926       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double :
1927         index++;   // Skip entry following eigth-byte constant
1928     }
1929 
1930   }
1931   st->cr();
1932 }
1933 
1934 // Print one constant pool entry
1935 void ConstantPool::print_entry_on(const int index, outputStream* st) {
1936   EXCEPTION_MARK;
1937   st->print(" - %3d : ", index);
1938   tag_at(index).print_on(st);
1939   st->print(" : ");
1940   switch (tag_at(index).value()) {
1941     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class :
1942       { Klass* k = klass_at(index, CATCH);
1943         guarantee(k != NULL, "need klass");
1944         k->print_value_on(st);
1945         st->print(" {0x%lx}", (address)k);
1946       }
1947       break;
1948     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref :
1949     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref :
1950     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref :
1951       st->print("klass_index=%d", uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index));
1952       st->print(" name_and_type_index=%d", uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index));
1953       break;
1954     case JVM_CONSTANT_String :
1955       if (is_pseudo_string_at(index)) {
1956         oop anObj = pseudo_string_at(index);
1957         anObj->print_value_on(st);
1958         st->print(" {0x%lx}", (address)anObj);
1959       } else {
1960         unresolved_string_at(index)->print_value_on(st);
1961       }
1962       break;
1963     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer :
1964       st->print("%d", int_at(index));
1965       break;
1966     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float :
1967       st->print("%f", float_at(index));
1968       break;
1969     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long :
1970       st->print_jlong(long_at(index));
1971       break;
1972     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double :
1973       st->print("%lf", double_at(index));
1974       break;
1975     case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType :
1976       st->print("name_index=%d", name_ref_index_at(index));
1977       st->print(" signature_index=%d", signature_ref_index_at(index));
1978       break;
1979     case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8 :
1980       symbol_at(index)->print_value_on(st);
1981       break;
1982     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass :               // fall-through
1983     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
1984       // unresolved_klass_at requires lock or safe world.
1985       CPSlot entry = slot_at(index);
1986       if (entry.is_resolved()) {
1987         entry.get_klass()->print_value_on(st);
1988       } else {
1989         entry.get_symbol()->print_value_on(st);
1990       }
1991       }
1992       break;
1993     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle :
1994     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError :
1995       st->print("ref_kind=%d", method_handle_ref_kind_at_error_ok(index));
1996       st->print(" ref_index=%d", method_handle_index_at_error_ok(index));
1997       break;
1998     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType :
1999     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError :
2000       st->print("signature_index=%d", method_type_index_at_error_ok(index));
2001       break;
2002     case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic :
2003       {
2004         st->print("bootstrap_method_index=%d", invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(index));
2005         st->print(" name_and_type_index=%d", invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index));
2006         int argc = invoke_dynamic_argument_count_at(index);
2007         if (argc > 0) {
2008           for (int arg_i = 0; arg_i < argc; arg_i++) {
2009             int arg = invoke_dynamic_argument_index_at(index, arg_i);
2010             st->print((arg_i == 0 ? " arguments={%d" : ", %d"), arg);
2011           }
2012           st->print("}");
2013         }
2014       }
2015       break;
2016     default:
2017       ShouldNotReachHere();
2018       break;
2019   }
2020   st->cr();
2021 }
2022 
2023 void ConstantPool::print_value_on(outputStream* st) const {
2024   assert(is_constantPool(), "must be constantPool");
2025   st->print("constant pool [%d]", length());
2026   if (has_preresolution()) st->print("/preresolution");
2027   if (operands() != NULL)  st->print("/operands[%d]", operands()->length());
2028   print_address_on(st);
2029   st->print(" for ");
2030   pool_holder()->print_value_on(st);
2031   if (pool_holder() != NULL) {
2032     bool extra = (pool_holder()->constants() != this);
2033     if (extra)  st->print(" (extra)");
2034   }
2035   if (cache() != NULL) {
2036     st->print(" cache=" PTR_FORMAT, cache());
2037   }
2038 }
2039 
2040 #if INCLUDE_SERVICES
2041 // Size Statistics
2042 void ConstantPool::collect_statistics(KlassSizeStats *sz) const {
2043   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_bytes          = sz->count(this));
2044   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_tags_bytes     = sz->count_array(tags()));
2045   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_cache_bytes    = sz->count(cache()));
2046   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_operands_bytes = sz->count_array(operands()));
2047   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_refmap_bytes   = sz->count_array(reference_map()));
2048 
2049   sz->_ro_bytes += sz->_cp_operands_bytes + sz->_cp_tags_bytes +
2050                    sz->_cp_refmap_bytes;
2051   sz->_rw_bytes += sz->_cp_bytes + sz->_cp_cache_bytes;
2052 }
2053 #endif // INCLUDE_SERVICES
2054 
2055 // Verification
2056 
2057 void ConstantPool::verify_on(outputStream* st) {
2058   guarantee(is_constantPool(), "object must be constant pool");
2059   for (int i = 0; i< length();  i++) {
2060     constantTag tag = tag_at(i);
2061     CPSlot entry = slot_at(i);
2062     if (tag.is_klass()) {
2063       if (entry.is_resolved()) {
2064         guarantee(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(),    "should be klass");
2065       }
2066     } else if (tag.is_unresolved_klass()) {
2067       if (entry.is_resolved()) {
2068         guarantee(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(),    "should be klass");
2069       }
2070     } else if (tag.is_symbol()) {
2071       guarantee(entry.get_symbol()->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2072     } else if (tag.is_string()) {
2073       guarantee(entry.get_symbol()->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2074     }
2075   }
2076   if (cache() != NULL) {
2077     // Note: cache() can be NULL before a class is completely setup or
2078     // in temporary constant pools used during constant pool merging
2079     guarantee(cache()->is_constantPoolCache(), "should be constant pool cache");
2080   }
2081   if (pool_holder() != NULL) {
2082     // Note: pool_holder() can be NULL in temporary constant pools
2083     // used during constant pool merging
2084     guarantee(pool_holder()->is_klass(),    "should be klass");
2085   }
2086 }
2087 
2088 
2089 void SymbolHashMap::add_entry(Symbol* sym, u2 value) {
2090   char *str = sym->as_utf8();
2091   unsigned int hash = compute_hash(str, sym->utf8_length());
2092   unsigned int index = hash % table_size();
2093 
2094   // check if already in map
2095   // we prefer the first entry since it is more likely to be what was used in
2096   // the class file
2097   for (SymbolHashMapEntry *en = bucket(index); en != NULL; en = en->next()) {
2098     assert(en->symbol() != NULL, "SymbolHashMapEntry symbol is NULL");
2099     if (en->hash() == hash && en->symbol() == sym) {
2100         return;  // already there
2101     }
2102   }
2103 
2104   SymbolHashMapEntry* entry = new SymbolHashMapEntry(hash, sym, value);
2105   entry->set_next(bucket(index));
2106   _buckets[index].set_entry(entry);
2107   assert(entry->symbol() != NULL, "SymbolHashMapEntry symbol is NULL");
2108 }
2109 
2110 SymbolHashMapEntry* SymbolHashMap::find_entry(Symbol* sym) {
2111   assert(sym != NULL, "SymbolHashMap::find_entry - symbol is NULL");
2112   char *str = sym->as_utf8();
2113   int   len = sym->utf8_length();
2114   unsigned int hash = SymbolHashMap::compute_hash(str, len);
2115   unsigned int index = hash % table_size();
2116   for (SymbolHashMapEntry *en = bucket(index); en != NULL; en = en->next()) {
2117     assert(en->symbol() != NULL, "SymbolHashMapEntry symbol is NULL");
2118     if (en->hash() == hash && en->symbol() == sym) {
2119       return en;
2120     }
2121   }
2122   return NULL;
2123 }