1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/metadataOnStackMark.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  32 #include "interpreter/linkResolver.hpp"
  33 #include "memory/heapInspection.hpp"
  34 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  35 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  36 #include "oops/constantPool.hpp"
  37 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  38 #include "oops/objArrayKlass.hpp"
  39 #include "runtime/fieldType.hpp"
  40 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  41 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  42 #include "runtime/signature.hpp"
  43 #include "runtime/vframe.hpp"
  44 
  45 PRAGMA_FORMAT_MUTE_WARNINGS_FOR_GCC
  46 
  47 ConstantPool* ConstantPool::allocate(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, int length, TRAPS) {
  48   // Tags are RW but comment below applies to tags also.
  49   Array<u1>* tags = MetadataFactory::new_writeable_array<u1>(loader_data, length, 0, CHECK_NULL);
  50 
  51   int size = ConstantPool::size(length);
  52 
  53   // CDS considerations:
  54   // Allocate read-write but may be able to move to read-only at dumping time
  55   // if all the klasses are resolved.  The only other field that is writable is
  56   // the resolved_references array, which is recreated at startup time.
  57   // But that could be moved to InstanceKlass (although a pain to access from
  58   // assembly code).  Maybe it could be moved to the cpCache which is RW.
  59   return new (loader_data, size, false, MetaspaceObj::ConstantPoolType, THREAD) ConstantPool(tags);
  60 }
  61 
  62 ConstantPool::ConstantPool(Array<u1>* tags) {
  63   set_length(tags->length());
  64   set_tags(NULL);
  65   set_cache(NULL);
  66   set_reference_map(NULL);
  67   set_resolved_references(NULL);
  68   set_operands(NULL);
  69   set_pool_holder(NULL);
  70   set_flags(0);
  71 
  72   // only set to non-zero if constant pool is merged by RedefineClasses
  73   set_version(0);
  74   set_lock(new Monitor(Monitor::nonleaf + 2, "A constant pool lock"));
  75 
  76   // initialize tag array
  77   int length = tags->length();
  78   for (int index = 0; index < length; index++) {
  79     tags->at_put(index, JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid);
  80   }
  81   set_tags(tags);
  82 }
  83 
  84 void ConstantPool::deallocate_contents(ClassLoaderData* loader_data) {
  85   MetadataFactory::free_metadata(loader_data, cache());
  86   set_cache(NULL);
  87   MetadataFactory::free_array<u2>(loader_data, reference_map());
  88   set_reference_map(NULL);
  89 
  90   MetadataFactory::free_array<jushort>(loader_data, operands());
  91   set_operands(NULL);
  92 
  93   release_C_heap_structures();
  94 
  95   // free tag array
  96   MetadataFactory::free_array<u1>(loader_data, tags());
  97   set_tags(NULL);
  98 }
  99 
 100 void ConstantPool::release_C_heap_structures() {
 101   // walk constant pool and decrement symbol reference counts
 102   unreference_symbols();
 103 
 104   delete _lock;
 105   set_lock(NULL);
 106 }
 107 
 108 objArrayOop ConstantPool::resolved_references() const {
 109   return (objArrayOop)JNIHandles::resolve(_resolved_references);
 110 }
 111 
 112 // Called from outside constant pool resolution where a resolved_reference array
 113 // may not be present.
 114 objArrayOop ConstantPool::resolved_references_or_null() const {
 115   if (_cache == NULL) {
 116     return NULL;
 117   } else {
 118     return (objArrayOop)JNIHandles::resolve(_resolved_references);
 119   }
 120 }
 121 
 122 // Create resolved_references array and mapping array for original cp indexes
 123 // The ldc bytecode was rewritten to have the resolved reference array index so need a way
 124 // to map it back for resolving and some unlikely miscellaneous uses.
 125 // The objects created by invokedynamic are appended to this list.
 126 void ConstantPool::initialize_resolved_references(ClassLoaderData* loader_data,
 127                                                   intStack reference_map,
 128                                                   int constant_pool_map_length,
 129                                                   TRAPS) {
 130   // Initialized the resolved object cache.
 131   int map_length = reference_map.length();
 132   if (map_length > 0) {
 133     // Only need mapping back to constant pool entries.  The map isn't used for
 134     // invokedynamic resolved_reference entries.  For invokedynamic entries,
 135     // the constant pool cache index has the mapping back to both the constant
 136     // pool and to the resolved reference index.
 137     if (constant_pool_map_length > 0) {
 138       Array<u2>* om = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, constant_pool_map_length, CHECK);
 139 
 140       for (int i = 0; i < constant_pool_map_length; i++) {
 141         int x = reference_map.at(i);
 142         assert(x == (int)(jushort) x, "klass index is too big");
 143         om->at_put(i, (jushort)x);
 144       }
 145       set_reference_map(om);
 146     }
 147 
 148     // Create Java array for holding resolved strings, methodHandles,
 149     // methodTypes, invokedynamic and invokehandle appendix objects, etc.
 150     objArrayOop stom = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), map_length, CHECK);
 151     Handle refs_handle (THREAD, (oop)stom);  // must handleize.
 152     set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 153   }
 154 }
 155 
 156 // CDS support. Create a new resolved_references array.
 157 void ConstantPool::restore_unshareable_info(TRAPS) {
 158 
 159   // Only create the new resolved references array and lock if it hasn't been
 160   // attempted before
 161   if (resolved_references() != NULL) return;
 162 
 163   // restore the C++ vtable from the shared archive
 164   restore_vtable();
 165 
 166   if (SystemDictionary::Object_klass_loaded()) {
 167     // Recreate the object array and add to ClassLoaderData.
 168     int map_length = resolved_reference_length();
 169     if (map_length > 0) {
 170       objArrayOop stom = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), map_length, CHECK);
 171       Handle refs_handle (THREAD, (oop)stom);  // must handleize.
 172 
 173       ClassLoaderData* loader_data = pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
 174       set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 175     }
 176 
 177     // Also need to recreate the mutex.  Make sure this matches the constructor
 178     set_lock(new Monitor(Monitor::nonleaf + 2, "A constant pool lock"));
 179   }
 180 }
 181 
 182 void ConstantPool::remove_unshareable_info() {
 183   // Resolved references are not in the shared archive.
 184   // Save the length for restoration.  It is not necessarily the same length
 185   // as reference_map.length() if invokedynamic is saved.
 186   set_resolved_reference_length(
 187     resolved_references() != NULL ? resolved_references()->length() : 0);
 188   set_resolved_references(NULL);
 189   set_lock(NULL);
 190 }
 191 
 192 int ConstantPool::cp_to_object_index(int cp_index) {
 193   // this is harder don't do this so much.
 194   int i = reference_map()->find(cp_index);
 195   // We might not find the index for jsr292 call.
 196   return (i < 0) ? _no_index_sentinel : i;
 197 }
 198 
 199 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_at_impl(constantPoolHandle this_oop, int which, TRAPS) {
 200   // A resolved constantPool entry will contain a Klass*, otherwise a Symbol*.
 201   // It is not safe to rely on the tag bit's here, since we don't have a lock, and the entry and
 202   // tag is not updated atomicly.
 203 
 204   CPSlot entry = this_oop->slot_at(which);
 205   if (entry.is_resolved()) {
 206     assert(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(), "must be");
 207     // Already resolved - return entry.
 208     return entry.get_klass();
 209   }
 210 
 211   // Acquire lock on constant oop while doing update. After we get the lock, we check if another object
 212   // already has updated the object
 213   assert(THREAD->is_Java_thread(), "must be a Java thread");
 214   bool do_resolve = false;
 215   bool in_error = false;
 216 
 217   // Create a handle for the mirror. This will preserve the resolved class
 218   // until the loader_data is registered.
 219   Handle mirror_handle;
 220 
 221   Symbol* name = NULL;
 222   Handle       loader;
 223   {  MonitorLockerEx ml(this_oop->lock());
 224 
 225     if (this_oop->tag_at(which).is_unresolved_klass()) {
 226       if (this_oop->tag_at(which).is_unresolved_klass_in_error()) {
 227         in_error = true;
 228       } else {
 229         do_resolve = true;
 230         name   = this_oop->unresolved_klass_at(which);
 231         loader = Handle(THREAD, this_oop->pool_holder()->class_loader());
 232       }
 233     }
 234   } // unlocking constantPool
 235 
 236 
 237   // The original attempt to resolve this constant pool entry failed so find the
 238   // class of the original error and throw another error of the same class (JVMS 5.4.3).
 239   // If there is a detail message, pass that detail message to the error constructor.
 240   // The JVMS does not strictly require us to duplicate the same detail message,
 241   // or any internal exception fields such as cause or stacktrace.  But since the
 242   // detail message is often a class name or other literal string, we will repeat it if
 243   // we can find it in the symbol table.
 244   if (in_error) {
 245     throw_resolution_error(this_oop, which, CHECK_0);
 246   }
 247 
 248   if (do_resolve) {
 249     // this_oop must be unlocked during resolve_or_fail
 250     oop protection_domain = this_oop->pool_holder()->protection_domain();
 251     Handle h_prot (THREAD, protection_domain);
 252     Klass* k_oop = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(name, loader, h_prot, true, THREAD);
 253     KlassHandle k;
 254     if (!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 255       k = KlassHandle(THREAD, k_oop);
 256       // preserve the resolved klass.
 257       mirror_handle = Handle(THREAD, k_oop->java_mirror());
 258       // Do access check for klasses
 259       verify_constant_pool_resolve(this_oop, k, THREAD);
 260     }
 261 
 262     // Failed to resolve class. We must record the errors so that subsequent attempts
 263     // to resolve this constant pool entry fail with the same error (JVMS 5.4.3).
 264     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 265         MonitorLockerEx ml(this_oop->lock());
 266 
 267         // some other thread has beaten us and has resolved the class.
 268         if (this_oop->tag_at(which).is_klass()) {
 269           CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 270           entry = this_oop->resolved_klass_at(which);
 271           return entry.get_klass();
 272         }
 273 
 274         // The tag could have changed to in-error before the lock but we have to
 275         // handle that here for the class case.
 276         save_and_throw_exception(this_oop, which, constantTag(JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass), CHECK_0);
 277     }
 278 
 279     if (TraceClassResolution && !k()->oop_is_array()) {
 280       // skip resolving the constant pool so that this code get's
 281       // called the next time some bytecodes refer to this class.
 282       ResourceMark rm;
 283       int line_number = -1;
 284       const char * source_file = NULL;
 285       if (JavaThread::current()->has_last_Java_frame()) {
 286         // try to identify the method which called this function.
 287         vframeStream vfst(JavaThread::current());
 288         if (!vfst.at_end()) {
 289           line_number = vfst.method()->line_number_from_bci(vfst.bci());
 290           Symbol* s = vfst.method()->method_holder()->source_file_name();
 291           if (s != NULL) {
 292             source_file = s->as_C_string();
 293           }
 294         }
 295       }
 296       if (k() != this_oop->pool_holder()) {
 297         // only print something if the classes are different
 298         if (source_file != NULL) {
 299           tty->print("RESOLVE %s %s %s:%d\n",
 300                      this_oop->pool_holder()->external_name(),
 301                      InstanceKlass::cast(k())->external_name(), source_file, line_number);
 302         } else {
 303           tty->print("RESOLVE %s %s\n",
 304                      this_oop->pool_holder()->external_name(),
 305                      InstanceKlass::cast(k())->external_name());
 306         }
 307       }
 308       return k();
 309     } else {
 310       MonitorLockerEx ml(this_oop->lock());
 311       // Only updated constant pool - if it is resolved.
 312       do_resolve = this_oop->tag_at(which).is_unresolved_klass();
 313       if (do_resolve) {
 314         this_oop->klass_at_put(which, k());
 315       }
 316     }
 317   }
 318 
 319   entry = this_oop->resolved_klass_at(which);
 320   assert(entry.is_resolved() && entry.get_klass()->is_klass(), "must be resolved at this point");
 321   return entry.get_klass();
 322 }
 323 
 324 
 325 // Does not update ConstantPool* - to avoid any exception throwing. Used
 326 // by compiler and exception handling.  Also used to avoid classloads for
 327 // instanceof operations. Returns NULL if the class has not been loaded or
 328 // if the verification of constant pool failed
 329 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_at_if_loaded(constantPoolHandle this_oop, int which) {
 330   CPSlot entry = this_oop->slot_at(which);
 331   if (entry.is_resolved()) {
 332     assert(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(), "must be");
 333     return entry.get_klass();
 334   } else {
 335     assert(entry.is_unresolved(), "must be either symbol or klass");
 336     Thread *thread = Thread::current();
 337     Symbol* name = entry.get_symbol();
 338     oop loader = this_oop->pool_holder()->class_loader();
 339     oop protection_domain = this_oop->pool_holder()->protection_domain();
 340     Handle h_prot (thread, protection_domain);
 341     Handle h_loader (thread, loader);
 342     Klass* k = SystemDictionary::find(name, h_loader, h_prot, thread);
 343 
 344     if (k != NULL) {
 345       // Make sure that resolving is legal
 346       EXCEPTION_MARK;
 347       KlassHandle klass(THREAD, k);
 348       // return NULL if verification fails
 349       verify_constant_pool_resolve(this_oop, klass, THREAD);
 350       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 351         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 352         return NULL;
 353       }
 354       return klass();
 355     } else {
 356       return k;
 357     }
 358   }
 359 }
 360 
 361 
 362 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_ref_at_if_loaded(constantPoolHandle this_oop, int which) {
 363   return klass_at_if_loaded(this_oop, this_oop->klass_ref_index_at(which));
 364 }
 365 
 366 
 367 Method* ConstantPool::method_at_if_loaded(constantPoolHandle cpool,
 368                                                    int which) {
 369   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return NULL;  // nothing to load yet
 370   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 371   if (!(cache_index >= 0 && cache_index < cpool->cache()->length())) {
 372     // FIXME: should be an assert
 373     if (PrintMiscellaneous && (Verbose||WizardMode)) {
 374       tty->print_cr("bad operand %d in:", which); cpool->print();
 375     }
 376     return NULL;
 377   }
 378   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 379   return e->method_if_resolved(cpool);
 380 }
 381 
 382 
 383 bool ConstantPool::has_appendix_at_if_loaded(constantPoolHandle cpool, int which) {
 384   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return false;  // nothing to load yet
 385   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 386   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 387   return e->has_appendix();
 388 }
 389 
 390 oop ConstantPool::appendix_at_if_loaded(constantPoolHandle cpool, int which) {
 391   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return NULL;  // nothing to load yet
 392   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 393   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 394   return e->appendix_if_resolved(cpool);
 395 }
 396 
 397 
 398 bool ConstantPool::has_method_type_at_if_loaded(constantPoolHandle cpool, int which) {
 399   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return false;  // nothing to load yet
 400   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 401   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 402   return e->has_method_type();
 403 }
 404 
 405 oop ConstantPool::method_type_at_if_loaded(constantPoolHandle cpool, int which) {
 406   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return NULL;  // nothing to load yet
 407   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 408   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 409   return e->method_type_if_resolved(cpool);
 410 }
 411 
 412 
 413 Symbol* ConstantPool::impl_name_ref_at(int which, bool uncached) {
 414   int name_index = name_ref_index_at(impl_name_and_type_ref_index_at(which, uncached));
 415   return symbol_at(name_index);
 416 }
 417 
 418 
 419 Symbol* ConstantPool::impl_signature_ref_at(int which, bool uncached) {
 420   int signature_index = signature_ref_index_at(impl_name_and_type_ref_index_at(which, uncached));
 421   return symbol_at(signature_index);
 422 }
 423 
 424 
 425 int ConstantPool::impl_name_and_type_ref_index_at(int which, bool uncached) {
 426   int i = which;
 427   if (!uncached && cache() != NULL) {
 428     if (ConstantPool::is_invokedynamic_index(which)) {
 429       // Invokedynamic index is index into resolved_references
 430       int pool_index = invokedynamic_cp_cache_entry_at(which)->constant_pool_index();
 431       pool_index = invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(pool_index);
 432       assert(tag_at(pool_index).is_name_and_type(), "");
 433       return pool_index;
 434     }
 435     // change byte-ordering and go via cache
 436     i = remap_instruction_operand_from_cache(which);
 437   } else {
 438     if (tag_at(which).is_invoke_dynamic()) {
 439       int pool_index = invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(which);
 440       assert(tag_at(pool_index).is_name_and_type(), "");
 441       return pool_index;
 442     }
 443   }
 444   assert(tag_at(i).is_field_or_method(), "Corrupted constant pool");
 445   assert(!tag_at(i).is_invoke_dynamic(), "Must be handled above");
 446   jint ref_index = *int_at_addr(i);
 447   return extract_high_short_from_int(ref_index);
 448 }
 449 
 450 
 451 int ConstantPool::impl_klass_ref_index_at(int which, bool uncached) {
 452   guarantee(!ConstantPool::is_invokedynamic_index(which),
 453             "an invokedynamic instruction does not have a klass");
 454   int i = which;
 455   if (!uncached && cache() != NULL) {
 456     // change byte-ordering and go via cache
 457     i = remap_instruction_operand_from_cache(which);
 458   }
 459   assert(tag_at(i).is_field_or_method(), "Corrupted constant pool");
 460   jint ref_index = *int_at_addr(i);
 461   return extract_low_short_from_int(ref_index);
 462 }
 463 
 464 
 465 
 466 int ConstantPool::remap_instruction_operand_from_cache(int operand) {
 467   int cpc_index = operand;
 468   DEBUG_ONLY(cpc_index -= CPCACHE_INDEX_TAG);
 469   assert((int)(u2)cpc_index == cpc_index, "clean u2");
 470   int member_index = cache()->entry_at(cpc_index)->constant_pool_index();
 471   return member_index;
 472 }
 473 
 474 
 475 void ConstantPool::verify_constant_pool_resolve(constantPoolHandle this_oop, KlassHandle k, TRAPS) {
 476  if (k->oop_is_instance() || k->oop_is_objArray()) {
 477     instanceKlassHandle holder (THREAD, this_oop->pool_holder());
 478     Klass* elem_oop = k->oop_is_instance() ? k() : ObjArrayKlass::cast(k())->bottom_klass();
 479     KlassHandle element (THREAD, elem_oop);
 480 
 481     // The element type could be a typeArray - we only need the access check if it is
 482     // an reference to another class
 483     if (element->oop_is_instance()) {
 484       LinkResolver::check_klass_accessability(holder, element, CHECK);
 485     }
 486   }
 487 }
 488 
 489 
 490 int ConstantPool::name_ref_index_at(int which_nt) {
 491   jint ref_index = name_and_type_at(which_nt);
 492   return extract_low_short_from_int(ref_index);
 493 }
 494 
 495 
 496 int ConstantPool::signature_ref_index_at(int which_nt) {
 497   jint ref_index = name_and_type_at(which_nt);
 498   return extract_high_short_from_int(ref_index);
 499 }
 500 
 501 
 502 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_ref_at(int which, TRAPS) {
 503   return klass_at(klass_ref_index_at(which), THREAD);
 504 }
 505 
 506 
 507 Symbol* ConstantPool::klass_name_at(int which) {
 508   assert(tag_at(which).is_unresolved_klass() || tag_at(which).is_klass(),
 509          "Corrupted constant pool");
 510   // A resolved constantPool entry will contain a Klass*, otherwise a Symbol*.
 511   // It is not safe to rely on the tag bit's here, since we don't have a lock, and the entry and
 512   // tag is not updated atomicly.
 513   CPSlot entry = slot_at(which);
 514   if (entry.is_resolved()) {
 515     // Already resolved - return entry's name.
 516     assert(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(), "must be");
 517     return entry.get_klass()->name();
 518   } else {
 519     assert(entry.is_unresolved(), "must be either symbol or klass");
 520     return entry.get_symbol();
 521   }
 522 }
 523 
 524 Symbol* ConstantPool::klass_ref_at_noresolve(int which) {
 525   jint ref_index = klass_ref_index_at(which);
 526   return klass_at_noresolve(ref_index);
 527 }
 528 
 529 Symbol* ConstantPool::uncached_klass_ref_at_noresolve(int which) {
 530   jint ref_index = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(which);
 531   return klass_at_noresolve(ref_index);
 532 }
 533 
 534 char* ConstantPool::string_at_noresolve(int which) {
 535   Symbol* s = unresolved_string_at(which);
 536   if (s == NULL) {
 537     return (char*)"<pseudo-string>";
 538   } else {
 539     return unresolved_string_at(which)->as_C_string();
 540   }
 541 }
 542 
 543 BasicType ConstantPool::basic_type_for_signature_at(int which) {
 544   return FieldType::basic_type(symbol_at(which));
 545 }
 546 
 547 
 548 void ConstantPool::resolve_string_constants_impl(constantPoolHandle this_oop, TRAPS) {
 549   for (int index = 1; index < this_oop->length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
 550     if (this_oop->tag_at(index).is_string()) {
 551       this_oop->string_at(index, CHECK);
 552     }
 553   }
 554 }
 555 
 556 // Resolve all the classes in the constant pool.  If they are all resolved,
 557 // the constant pool is read-only.  Enhancement: allocate cp entries to
 558 // another metaspace, and copy to read-only or read-write space if this
 559 // bit is set.
 560 bool ConstantPool::resolve_class_constants(TRAPS) {
 561   constantPoolHandle cp(THREAD, this);
 562   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
 563     if (tag_at(index).is_unresolved_klass() &&
 564         klass_at_if_loaded(cp, index) == NULL) {
 565       return false;
 566   }
 567   }
 568   // set_preresolution(); or some bit for future use
 569   return true;
 570 }
 571 
 572 Symbol* ConstantPool::exception_message(constantPoolHandle this_oop, int which, constantTag tag, oop pending_exception) {
 573   // Dig out the detailed message to reuse if possible
 574   Symbol* message = java_lang_Throwable::detail_message(pending_exception);
 575   if (message != NULL) {
 576     return message;
 577   }
 578 
 579   // Return specific message for the tag
 580   switch (tag.value()) {
 581   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 582     // return the class name in the error message
 583     message = this_oop->unresolved_klass_at(which);
 584     break;
 585   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
 586     // return the method handle name in the error message
 587     message = this_oop->method_handle_name_ref_at(which);
 588     break;
 589   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
 590     // return the method type signature in the error message
 591     message = this_oop->method_type_signature_at(which);
 592     break;
 593   default:
 594     ShouldNotReachHere();
 595   }
 596 
 597   return message;
 598 }
 599 
 600 void ConstantPool::throw_resolution_error(constantPoolHandle this_oop, int which, TRAPS) {
 601   Symbol* message = NULL;
 602   Symbol* error = SystemDictionary::find_resolution_error(this_oop, which, &message);
 603   assert(error != NULL && message != NULL, "checking");
 604   CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 605   ResourceMark rm;
 606   THROW_MSG(error, message->as_C_string());
 607 }
 608 
 609 // If resolution for Class, MethodHandle or MethodType fails, save the exception
 610 // in the resolution error table, so that the same exception is thrown again.
 611 void ConstantPool::save_and_throw_exception(constantPoolHandle this_oop, int which,
 612                                             constantTag tag, TRAPS) {
 613   assert(this_oop->lock()->is_locked(), "constant pool lock should be held");
 614   Symbol* error = PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->name();
 615 
 616   int error_tag = tag.error_value();
 617 
 618   if (!PENDING_EXCEPTION->
 619     is_a(SystemDictionary::LinkageError_klass())) {
 620     // Just throw the exception and don't prevent these classes from
 621     // being loaded due to virtual machine errors like StackOverflow
 622     // and OutOfMemoryError, etc, or if the thread was hit by stop()
 623     // Needs clarification to section 5.4.3 of the VM spec (see 6308271)
 624   } else if (this_oop->tag_at(which).value() != error_tag) {
 625     Symbol* message = exception_message(this_oop, which, tag, PENDING_EXCEPTION);
 626     SystemDictionary::add_resolution_error(this_oop, which, error, message);
 627     this_oop->tag_at_put(which, error_tag);
 628   } else {
 629     // some other thread put this in error state
 630     throw_resolution_error(this_oop, which, CHECK);
 631   }
 632 
 633   // This exits with some pending exception
 634   assert(HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION, "should not be cleared");
 635 }
 636 
 637 
 638 
 639 // Called to resolve constants in the constant pool and return an oop.
 640 // Some constant pool entries cache their resolved oop. This is also
 641 // called to create oops from constants to use in arguments for invokedynamic
 642 oop ConstantPool::resolve_constant_at_impl(constantPoolHandle this_oop, int index, int cache_index, TRAPS) {
 643   oop result_oop = NULL;
 644   Handle throw_exception;
 645 
 646   if (cache_index == _possible_index_sentinel) {
 647     // It is possible that this constant is one which is cached in the objects.
 648     // We'll do a linear search.  This should be OK because this usage is rare.
 649     assert(index > 0, "valid index");
 650     cache_index = this_oop->cp_to_object_index(index);
 651   }
 652   assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel || cache_index >= 0, "");
 653   assert(index == _no_index_sentinel || index >= 0, "");
 654 
 655   if (cache_index >= 0) {
 656     result_oop = this_oop->resolved_references()->obj_at(cache_index);
 657     if (result_oop != NULL) {
 658       return result_oop;
 659       // That was easy...
 660     }
 661     index = this_oop->object_to_cp_index(cache_index);
 662   }
 663 
 664   jvalue prim_value;  // temp used only in a few cases below
 665 
 666   constantTag tag = this_oop->tag_at(index);
 667 
 668   switch (tag.value()) {
 669 
 670   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 671   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
 672   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
 673     {
 674       assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
 675       Klass* resolved = klass_at_impl(this_oop, index, CHECK_NULL);
 676       // ldc wants the java mirror.
 677       result_oop = resolved->java_mirror();
 678       break;
 679     }
 680 
 681   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
 682     assert(cache_index != _no_index_sentinel, "should have been set");
 683     if (this_oop->is_pseudo_string_at(index)) {
 684       result_oop = this_oop->pseudo_string_at(index, cache_index);
 685       break;
 686     }
 687     result_oop = string_at_impl(this_oop, index, cache_index, CHECK_NULL);
 688     break;
 689 
 690   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
 691   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
 692     {
 693       throw_resolution_error(this_oop, index, CHECK_NULL);
 694       break;
 695     }
 696 
 697   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
 698     {
 699       int ref_kind                 = this_oop->method_handle_ref_kind_at(index);
 700       int callee_index             = this_oop->method_handle_klass_index_at(index);
 701       Symbol*  name =      this_oop->method_handle_name_ref_at(index);
 702       Symbol*  signature = this_oop->method_handle_signature_ref_at(index);
 703       if (PrintMiscellaneous)
 704         tty->print_cr("resolve JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:%d [%d/%d/%d] %s.%s",
 705                       ref_kind, index, this_oop->method_handle_index_at(index),
 706                       callee_index, name->as_C_string(), signature->as_C_string());
 707       KlassHandle callee;
 708       { Klass* k = klass_at_impl(this_oop, callee_index, CHECK_NULL);
 709         callee = KlassHandle(THREAD, k);
 710       }
 711       KlassHandle klass(THREAD, this_oop->pool_holder());
 712       Handle value = SystemDictionary::link_method_handle_constant(klass, ref_kind,
 713                                                                    callee, name, signature,
 714                                                                    THREAD);
 715       result_oop = value();
 716       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 717         MonitorLockerEx ml(this_oop->lock());  // lock cpool to change tag.
 718         save_and_throw_exception(this_oop, index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
 719       }
 720       break;
 721     }
 722 
 723   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
 724     {
 725       Symbol*  signature = this_oop->method_type_signature_at(index);
 726       if (PrintMiscellaneous)
 727         tty->print_cr("resolve JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType [%d/%d] %s",
 728                       index, this_oop->method_type_index_at(index),
 729                       signature->as_C_string());
 730       KlassHandle klass(THREAD, this_oop->pool_holder());
 731       Handle value = SystemDictionary::find_method_handle_type(signature, klass, THREAD);
 732       result_oop = value();
 733       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 734         MonitorLockerEx ml(this_oop->lock());  // lock cpool to change tag.
 735         save_and_throw_exception(this_oop, index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
 736       }
 737       break;
 738     }
 739 
 740   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
 741     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
 742     prim_value.i = this_oop->int_at(index);
 743     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_INT, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
 744     break;
 745 
 746   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
 747     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
 748     prim_value.f = this_oop->float_at(index);
 749     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_FLOAT, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
 750     break;
 751 
 752   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
 753     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
 754     prim_value.j = this_oop->long_at(index);
 755     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_LONG, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
 756     break;
 757 
 758   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
 759     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
 760     prim_value.d = this_oop->double_at(index);
 761     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_DOUBLE, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
 762     break;
 763 
 764   default:
 765     DEBUG_ONLY( tty->print_cr("*** %p: tag at CP[%d/%d] = %d",
 766                               this_oop(), index, cache_index, tag.value()));
 767     assert(false, "unexpected constant tag");
 768     break;
 769   }
 770 
 771   if (cache_index >= 0) {
 772     // Cache the oop here also.
 773     Handle result_handle(THREAD, result_oop);
 774     MonitorLockerEx ml(this_oop->lock());  // don't know if we really need this
 775     oop result = this_oop->resolved_references()->obj_at(cache_index);
 776     // Benign race condition:  resolved_references may already be filled in while we were trying to lock.
 777     // The important thing here is that all threads pick up the same result.
 778     // It doesn't matter which racing thread wins, as long as only one
 779     // result is used by all threads, and all future queries.
 780     // That result may be either a resolved constant or a failure exception.
 781     if (result == NULL) {
 782       this_oop->resolved_references()->obj_at_put(cache_index, result_handle());
 783       return result_handle();
 784     } else {
 785       // Return the winning thread's result.  This can be different than
 786       // result_handle() for MethodHandles.
 787       return result;
 788     }
 789   } else {
 790     return result_oop;
 791   }
 792 }
 793 
 794 oop ConstantPool::uncached_string_at(int which, TRAPS) {
 795   Symbol* sym = unresolved_string_at(which);
 796   oop str = StringTable::intern(sym, CHECK_(NULL));
 797   assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(str), "must be string");
 798   return str;
 799 }
 800 
 801 
 802 oop ConstantPool::resolve_bootstrap_specifier_at_impl(constantPoolHandle this_oop, int index, TRAPS) {
 803   assert(this_oop->tag_at(index).is_invoke_dynamic(), "Corrupted constant pool");
 804 
 805   Handle bsm;
 806   int argc;
 807   {
 808     // JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic is an ordered pair of [bootm, name&type], plus optional arguments
 809     // The bootm, being a JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle, has its own cache entry.
 810     // It is accompanied by the optional arguments.
 811     int bsm_index = this_oop->invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(index);
 812     oop bsm_oop = this_oop->resolve_possibly_cached_constant_at(bsm_index, CHECK_NULL);
 813     if (!java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle::is_instance(bsm_oop)) {
 814       THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_LinkageError(), "BSM not an MethodHandle");
 815     }
 816 
 817     // Extract the optional static arguments.
 818     argc = this_oop->invoke_dynamic_argument_count_at(index);
 819     if (argc == 0)  return bsm_oop;
 820 
 821     bsm = Handle(THREAD, bsm_oop);
 822   }
 823 
 824   objArrayHandle info;
 825   {
 826     objArrayOop info_oop = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), 1+argc, CHECK_NULL);
 827     info = objArrayHandle(THREAD, info_oop);
 828   }
 829 
 830   info->obj_at_put(0, bsm());
 831   for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 832     int arg_index = this_oop->invoke_dynamic_argument_index_at(index, i);
 833     oop arg_oop = this_oop->resolve_possibly_cached_constant_at(arg_index, CHECK_NULL);
 834     info->obj_at_put(1+i, arg_oop);
 835   }
 836 
 837   return info();
 838 }
 839 
 840 oop ConstantPool::string_at_impl(constantPoolHandle this_oop, int which, int obj_index, TRAPS) {
 841   // If the string has already been interned, this entry will be non-null
 842   oop str = this_oop->resolved_references()->obj_at(obj_index);
 843   if (str != NULL) return str;
 844   Symbol* sym = this_oop->unresolved_string_at(which);
 845   str = StringTable::intern(sym, CHECK_(NULL));
 846   this_oop->string_at_put(which, obj_index, str);
 847   assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(str), "must be string");
 848   return str;
 849 }
 850 
 851 
 852 bool ConstantPool::klass_name_at_matches(instanceKlassHandle k,
 853                                                 int which) {
 854   // Names are interned, so we can compare Symbol*s directly
 855   Symbol* cp_name = klass_name_at(which);
 856   return (cp_name == k->name());
 857 }
 858 
 859 
 860 // Iterate over symbols and decrement ones which are Symbol*s.
 861 // This is done during GC so do not need to lock constantPool unless we
 862 // have per-thread safepoints.
 863 // Only decrement the UTF8 symbols. Unresolved classes and strings point to
 864 // these symbols but didn't increment the reference count.
 865 void ConstantPool::unreference_symbols() {
 866   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
 867     constantTag tag = tag_at(index);
 868     if (tag.is_symbol()) {
 869       symbol_at(index)->decrement_refcount();
 870     }
 871   }
 872 }
 873 
 874 
 875 // Compare this constant pool's entry at index1 to the constant pool
 876 // cp2's entry at index2.
 877 bool ConstantPool::compare_entry_to(int index1, constantPoolHandle cp2,
 878        int index2, TRAPS) {
 879 
 880   // The error tags are equivalent to non-error tags when comparing
 881   jbyte t1 = tag_at(index1).non_error_value();
 882   jbyte t2 = cp2->tag_at(index2).non_error_value();
 883 
 884   if (t1 != t2) {
 885     // Not the same entry type so there is nothing else to check. Note
 886     // that this style of checking will consider resolved/unresolved
 887     // class pairs as different.
 888     // From the ConstantPool* API point of view, this is correct
 889     // behavior. See VM_RedefineClasses::merge_constant_pools() to see how this
 890     // plays out in the context of ConstantPool* merging.
 891     return false;
 892   }
 893 
 894   switch (t1) {
 895   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
 896   {
 897     Klass* k1 = klass_at(index1, CHECK_false);
 898     Klass* k2 = cp2->klass_at(index2, CHECK_false);
 899     if (k1 == k2) {
 900       return true;
 901     }
 902   } break;
 903 
 904   case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
 905   {
 906     int recur1 = klass_index_at(index1);
 907     int recur2 = cp2->klass_index_at(index2);
 908     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 909     if (match) {
 910       return true;
 911     }
 912   } break;
 913 
 914   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
 915   {
 916     jdouble d1 = double_at(index1);
 917     jdouble d2 = cp2->double_at(index2);
 918     if (d1 == d2) {
 919       return true;
 920     }
 921   } break;
 922 
 923   case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
 924   case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
 925   case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
 926   {
 927     int recur1 = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index1);
 928     int recur2 = cp2->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index2);
 929     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 930     if (match) {
 931       recur1 = uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
 932       recur2 = cp2->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
 933       match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 934       if (match) {
 935         return true;
 936       }
 937     }
 938   } break;
 939 
 940   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
 941   {
 942     jfloat f1 = float_at(index1);
 943     jfloat f2 = cp2->float_at(index2);
 944     if (f1 == f2) {
 945       return true;
 946     }
 947   } break;
 948 
 949   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
 950   {
 951     jint i1 = int_at(index1);
 952     jint i2 = cp2->int_at(index2);
 953     if (i1 == i2) {
 954       return true;
 955     }
 956   } break;
 957 
 958   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
 959   {
 960     jlong l1 = long_at(index1);
 961     jlong l2 = cp2->long_at(index2);
 962     if (l1 == l2) {
 963       return true;
 964     }
 965   } break;
 966 
 967   case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
 968   {
 969     int recur1 = name_ref_index_at(index1);
 970     int recur2 = cp2->name_ref_index_at(index2);
 971     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 972     if (match) {
 973       recur1 = signature_ref_index_at(index1);
 974       recur2 = cp2->signature_ref_index_at(index2);
 975       match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 976       if (match) {
 977         return true;
 978       }
 979     }
 980   } break;
 981 
 982   case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
 983   {
 984     int recur1 = string_index_at(index1);
 985     int recur2 = cp2->string_index_at(index2);
 986     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 987     if (match) {
 988       return true;
 989     }
 990   } break;
 991 
 992   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 993   {
 994     Symbol* k1 = unresolved_klass_at(index1);
 995     Symbol* k2 = cp2->unresolved_klass_at(index2);
 996     if (k1 == k2) {
 997       return true;
 998     }
 999   } break;
1000 
1001   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1002   {
1003     int k1 = method_type_index_at_error_ok(index1);
1004     int k2 = cp2->method_type_index_at_error_ok(index2);
1005     bool match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2, CHECK_false);
1006     if (match) {
1007       return true;
1008     }
1009   } break;
1010 
1011   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1012   {
1013     int k1 = method_handle_ref_kind_at_error_ok(index1);
1014     int k2 = cp2->method_handle_ref_kind_at_error_ok(index2);
1015     if (k1 == k2) {
1016       int i1 = method_handle_index_at_error_ok(index1);
1017       int i2 = cp2->method_handle_index_at_error_ok(index2);
1018       bool match = compare_entry_to(i1, cp2, i2, CHECK_false);
1019       if (match) {
1020         return true;
1021       }
1022     }
1023   } break;
1024 
1025   case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1026   {
1027     int k1 = invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
1028     int k2 = cp2->invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
1029     int i1 = invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_specifier_index(index1);
1030     int i2 = cp2->invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_specifier_index(index2);
1031     // separate statements and variables because CHECK_false is used
1032     bool match_entry = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2, CHECK_false);
1033     bool match_operand = compare_operand_to(i1, cp2, i2, CHECK_false);
1034     return (match_entry && match_operand);
1035   } break;
1036 
1037   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1038   {
1039     Symbol* s1 = unresolved_string_at(index1);
1040     Symbol* s2 = cp2->unresolved_string_at(index2);
1041     if (s1 == s2) {
1042       return true;
1043     }
1044   } break;
1045 
1046   case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1047   {
1048     Symbol* s1 = symbol_at(index1);
1049     Symbol* s2 = cp2->symbol_at(index2);
1050     if (s1 == s2) {
1051       return true;
1052     }
1053   } break;
1054 
1055   // Invalid is used as the tag for the second constant pool entry
1056   // occupied by JVM_CONSTANT_Double or JVM_CONSTANT_Long. It should
1057   // not be seen by itself.
1058   case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: // fall through
1059 
1060   default:
1061     ShouldNotReachHere();
1062     break;
1063   }
1064 
1065   return false;
1066 } // end compare_entry_to()
1067 
1068 
1069 // Resize the operands array with delta_len and delta_size.
1070 // Used in RedefineClasses for CP merge.
1071 void ConstantPool::resize_operands(int delta_len, int delta_size, TRAPS) {
1072   int old_len  = operand_array_length(operands());
1073   int new_len  = old_len + delta_len;
1074   int min_len  = (delta_len > 0) ? old_len : new_len;
1075 
1076   int old_size = operands()->length();
1077   int new_size = old_size + delta_size;
1078   int min_size = (delta_size > 0) ? old_size : new_size;
1079 
1080   ClassLoaderData* loader_data = pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
1081   Array<u2>* new_ops = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, new_size, CHECK);
1082 
1083   // Set index in the resized array for existing elements only
1084   for (int idx = 0; idx < min_len; idx++) {
1085     int offset = operand_offset_at(idx);                       // offset in original array
1086     operand_offset_at_put(new_ops, idx, offset + 2*delta_len); // offset in resized array
1087   }
1088   // Copy the bootstrap specifiers only
1089   Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(operands()->adr_at(2*old_len),
1090                                new_ops->adr_at(2*new_len),
1091                                (min_size - 2*min_len) * sizeof(u2));
1092   // Explicitly deallocate old operands array.
1093   // Note, it is not needed for 7u backport.
1094   if ( operands() != NULL) { // the safety check
1095     MetadataFactory::free_array<u2>(loader_data, operands());
1096   }
1097   set_operands(new_ops);
1098 } // end resize_operands()
1099 
1100 
1101 // Extend the operands array with the length and size of the ext_cp operands.
1102 // Used in RedefineClasses for CP merge.
1103 void ConstantPool::extend_operands(constantPoolHandle ext_cp, TRAPS) {
1104   int delta_len = operand_array_length(ext_cp->operands());
1105   if (delta_len == 0) {
1106     return; // nothing to do
1107   }
1108   int delta_size = ext_cp->operands()->length();
1109 
1110   assert(delta_len  > 0 && delta_size > 0, "extended operands array must be bigger");
1111 
1112   if (operand_array_length(operands()) == 0) {
1113     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
1114     Array<u2>* new_ops = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, delta_size, CHECK);
1115     // The first element index defines the offset of second part
1116     operand_offset_at_put(new_ops, 0, 2*delta_len); // offset in new array
1117     set_operands(new_ops);
1118   } else {
1119     resize_operands(delta_len, delta_size, CHECK);
1120   }
1121 
1122 } // end extend_operands()
1123 
1124 
1125 // Shrink the operands array to a smaller array with new_len length.
1126 // Used in RedefineClasses for CP merge.
1127 void ConstantPool::shrink_operands(int new_len, TRAPS) {
1128   int old_len = operand_array_length(operands());
1129   if (new_len == old_len) {
1130     return; // nothing to do
1131   }
1132   assert(new_len < old_len, "shrunken operands array must be smaller");
1133 
1134   int free_base  = operand_next_offset_at(new_len - 1);
1135   int delta_len  = new_len - old_len;
1136   int delta_size = 2*delta_len + free_base - operands()->length();
1137 
1138   resize_operands(delta_len, delta_size, CHECK);
1139 
1140 } // end shrink_operands()
1141 
1142 
1143 void ConstantPool::copy_operands(constantPoolHandle from_cp,
1144                                  constantPoolHandle to_cp,
1145                                  TRAPS) {
1146 
1147   int from_oplen = operand_array_length(from_cp->operands());
1148   int old_oplen  = operand_array_length(to_cp->operands());
1149   if (from_oplen != 0) {
1150     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = to_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
1151     // append my operands to the target's operands array
1152     if (old_oplen == 0) {
1153       // Can't just reuse from_cp's operand list because of deallocation issues
1154       int len = from_cp->operands()->length();
1155       Array<u2>* new_ops = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, len, CHECK);
1156       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(
1157           from_cp->operands()->adr_at(0), new_ops->adr_at(0), len * sizeof(u2));
1158       to_cp->set_operands(new_ops);
1159     } else {
1160       int old_len  = to_cp->operands()->length();
1161       int from_len = from_cp->operands()->length();
1162       int old_off  = old_oplen * sizeof(u2);
1163       int from_off = from_oplen * sizeof(u2);
1164       // Use the metaspace for the destination constant pool
1165       Array<u2>* new_operands = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, old_len + from_len, CHECK);
1166       int fillp = 0, len = 0;
1167       // first part of dest
1168       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(to_cp->operands()->adr_at(0),
1169                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1170                                    (len = old_off) * sizeof(u2));
1171       fillp += len;
1172       // first part of src
1173       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(from_cp->operands()->adr_at(0),
1174                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1175                                    (len = from_off) * sizeof(u2));
1176       fillp += len;
1177       // second part of dest
1178       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(to_cp->operands()->adr_at(old_off),
1179                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1180                                    (len = old_len - old_off) * sizeof(u2));
1181       fillp += len;
1182       // second part of src
1183       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(from_cp->operands()->adr_at(from_off),
1184                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1185                                    (len = from_len - from_off) * sizeof(u2));
1186       fillp += len;
1187       assert(fillp == new_operands->length(), "");
1188 
1189       // Adjust indexes in the first part of the copied operands array.
1190       for (int j = 0; j < from_oplen; j++) {
1191         int offset = operand_offset_at(new_operands, old_oplen + j);
1192         assert(offset == operand_offset_at(from_cp->operands(), j), "correct copy");
1193         offset += old_len;  // every new tuple is preceded by old_len extra u2's
1194         operand_offset_at_put(new_operands, old_oplen + j, offset);
1195       }
1196 
1197       // replace target operands array with combined array
1198       to_cp->set_operands(new_operands);
1199     }
1200   }
1201 } // end copy_operands()
1202 
1203 
1204 // Copy this constant pool's entries at start_i to end_i (inclusive)
1205 // to the constant pool to_cp's entries starting at to_i. A total of
1206 // (end_i - start_i) + 1 entries are copied.
1207 void ConstantPool::copy_cp_to_impl(constantPoolHandle from_cp, int start_i, int end_i,
1208        constantPoolHandle to_cp, int to_i, TRAPS) {
1209 
1210 
1211   int dest_i = to_i;  // leave original alone for debug purposes
1212 
1213   for (int src_i = start_i; src_i <= end_i; /* see loop bottom */ ) {
1214     copy_entry_to(from_cp, src_i, to_cp, dest_i, CHECK);
1215 
1216     switch (from_cp->tag_at(src_i).value()) {
1217     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1218     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1219       // double and long take two constant pool entries
1220       src_i += 2;
1221       dest_i += 2;
1222       break;
1223 
1224     default:
1225       // all others take one constant pool entry
1226       src_i++;
1227       dest_i++;
1228       break;
1229     }
1230   }
1231   copy_operands(from_cp, to_cp, CHECK);
1232 
1233 } // end copy_cp_to_impl()
1234 
1235 
1236 // Copy this constant pool's entry at from_i to the constant pool
1237 // to_cp's entry at to_i.
1238 void ConstantPool::copy_entry_to(constantPoolHandle from_cp, int from_i,
1239                                         constantPoolHandle to_cp, int to_i,
1240                                         TRAPS) {
1241 
1242   int tag = from_cp->tag_at(from_i).value();
1243   switch (tag) {
1244   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1245   {
1246     Klass* k = from_cp->klass_at(from_i, CHECK);
1247     to_cp->klass_at_put(to_i, k);
1248   } break;
1249 
1250   case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
1251   {
1252     jint ki = from_cp->klass_index_at(from_i);
1253     to_cp->klass_index_at_put(to_i, ki);
1254   } break;
1255 
1256   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1257   {
1258     jdouble d = from_cp->double_at(from_i);
1259     to_cp->double_at_put(to_i, d);
1260     // double takes two constant pool entries so init second entry's tag
1261     to_cp->tag_at_put(to_i + 1, JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid);
1262   } break;
1263 
1264   case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1265   {
1266     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1267     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1268     to_cp->field_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1269   } break;
1270 
1271   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1272   {
1273     jfloat f = from_cp->float_at(from_i);
1274     to_cp->float_at_put(to_i, f);
1275   } break;
1276 
1277   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1278   {
1279     jint i = from_cp->int_at(from_i);
1280     to_cp->int_at_put(to_i, i);
1281   } break;
1282 
1283   case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
1284   {
1285     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1286     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1287     to_cp->interface_method_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1288   } break;
1289 
1290   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1291   {
1292     jlong l = from_cp->long_at(from_i);
1293     to_cp->long_at_put(to_i, l);
1294     // long takes two constant pool entries so init second entry's tag
1295     to_cp->tag_at_put(to_i + 1, JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid);
1296   } break;
1297 
1298   case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1299   {
1300     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1301     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1302     to_cp->method_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1303   } break;
1304 
1305   case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
1306   {
1307     int name_ref_index = from_cp->name_ref_index_at(from_i);
1308     int signature_ref_index = from_cp->signature_ref_index_at(from_i);
1309     to_cp->name_and_type_at_put(to_i, name_ref_index, signature_ref_index);
1310   } break;
1311 
1312   case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
1313   {
1314     jint si = from_cp->string_index_at(from_i);
1315     to_cp->string_index_at_put(to_i, si);
1316   } break;
1317 
1318   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1319   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
1320   {
1321     // Can be resolved after checking tag, so check the slot first.
1322     CPSlot entry = from_cp->slot_at(from_i);
1323     if (entry.is_resolved()) {
1324       assert(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(), "must be");
1325       // Already resolved
1326       to_cp->klass_at_put(to_i, entry.get_klass());
1327     } else {
1328       to_cp->unresolved_klass_at_put(to_i, entry.get_symbol());
1329     }
1330   } break;
1331 
1332   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1333   {
1334     Symbol* s = from_cp->unresolved_string_at(from_i);
1335     to_cp->unresolved_string_at_put(to_i, s);
1336   } break;
1337 
1338   case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1339   {
1340     Symbol* s = from_cp->symbol_at(from_i);
1341     // Need to increase refcount, the old one will be thrown away and deferenced
1342     s->increment_refcount();
1343     to_cp->symbol_at_put(to_i, s);
1344   } break;
1345 
1346   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1347   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
1348   {
1349     jint k = from_cp->method_type_index_at_error_ok(from_i);
1350     to_cp->method_type_index_at_put(to_i, k);
1351   } break;
1352 
1353   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1354   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
1355   {
1356     int k1 = from_cp->method_handle_ref_kind_at_error_ok(from_i);
1357     int k2 = from_cp->method_handle_index_at_error_ok(from_i);
1358     to_cp->method_handle_index_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1359   } break;
1360 
1361   case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1362   {
1363     int k1 = from_cp->invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_specifier_index(from_i);
1364     int k2 = from_cp->invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1365     k1 += operand_array_length(to_cp->operands());  // to_cp might already have operands
1366     to_cp->invoke_dynamic_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1367   } break;
1368 
1369   // Invalid is used as the tag for the second constant pool entry
1370   // occupied by JVM_CONSTANT_Double or JVM_CONSTANT_Long. It should
1371   // not be seen by itself.
1372   case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: // fall through
1373 
1374   default:
1375   {
1376     ShouldNotReachHere();
1377   } break;
1378   }
1379 } // end copy_entry_to()
1380 
1381 
1382 // Search constant pool search_cp for an entry that matches this
1383 // constant pool's entry at pattern_i. Returns the index of a
1384 // matching entry or zero (0) if there is no matching entry.
1385 int ConstantPool::find_matching_entry(int pattern_i,
1386       constantPoolHandle search_cp, TRAPS) {
1387 
1388   // index zero (0) is not used
1389   for (int i = 1; i < search_cp->length(); i++) {
1390     bool found = compare_entry_to(pattern_i, search_cp, i, CHECK_0);
1391     if (found) {
1392       return i;
1393     }
1394   }
1395 
1396   return 0;  // entry not found; return unused index zero (0)
1397 } // end find_matching_entry()
1398 
1399 
1400 // Compare this constant pool's bootstrap specifier at idx1 to the constant pool
1401 // cp2's bootstrap specifier at idx2.
1402 bool ConstantPool::compare_operand_to(int idx1, constantPoolHandle cp2, int idx2, TRAPS) {
1403   int k1 = operand_bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(idx1);
1404   int k2 = cp2->operand_bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(idx2);
1405   bool match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2, CHECK_false);
1406 
1407   if (!match) {
1408     return false;
1409   }
1410   int argc = operand_argument_count_at(idx1);
1411   if (argc == cp2->operand_argument_count_at(idx2)) {
1412     for (int j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
1413       k1 = operand_argument_index_at(idx1, j);
1414       k2 = cp2->operand_argument_index_at(idx2, j);
1415       match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2, CHECK_false);
1416       if (!match) {
1417         return false;
1418       }
1419     }
1420     return true;           // got through loop; all elements equal
1421   }
1422   return false;
1423 } // end compare_operand_to()
1424 
1425 // Search constant pool search_cp for a bootstrap specifier that matches
1426 // this constant pool's bootstrap specifier at pattern_i index.
1427 // Return the index of a matching bootstrap specifier or (-1) if there is no match.
1428 int ConstantPool::find_matching_operand(int pattern_i,
1429                     constantPoolHandle search_cp, int search_len, TRAPS) {
1430   for (int i = 0; i < search_len; i++) {
1431     bool found = compare_operand_to(pattern_i, search_cp, i, CHECK_(-1));
1432     if (found) {
1433       return i;
1434     }
1435   }
1436   return -1;  // bootstrap specifier not found; return unused index (-1)
1437 } // end find_matching_operand()
1438 
1439 
1440 #ifndef PRODUCT
1441 
1442 const char* ConstantPool::printable_name_at(int which) {
1443 
1444   constantTag tag = tag_at(which);
1445 
1446   if (tag.is_string()) {
1447     return string_at_noresolve(which);
1448   } else if (tag.is_klass() || tag.is_unresolved_klass()) {
1449     return klass_name_at(which)->as_C_string();
1450   } else if (tag.is_symbol()) {
1451     return symbol_at(which)->as_C_string();
1452   }
1453   return "";
1454 }
1455 
1456 #endif // PRODUCT
1457 
1458 
1459 // JVMTI GetConstantPool support
1460 
1461 // For debugging of constant pool
1462 const bool debug_cpool = false;
1463 
1464 #define DBG(code) do { if (debug_cpool) { (code); } } while(0)
1465 
1466 static void print_cpool_bytes(jint cnt, u1 *bytes) {
1467   const char* WARN_MSG = "Must not be such entry!";
1468   jint size = 0;
1469   u2   idx1, idx2;
1470 
1471   for (jint idx = 1; idx < cnt; idx++) {
1472     jint ent_size = 0;
1473     u1   tag  = *bytes++;
1474     size++;                       // count tag
1475 
1476     printf("const #%03d, tag: %02d ", idx, tag);
1477     switch(tag) {
1478       case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: {
1479         printf("Invalid");
1480         break;
1481       }
1482       case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode: {
1483         printf("Unicode      %s", WARN_MSG);
1484         break;
1485       }
1486       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
1487         u2 len = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1488         char str[128];
1489         if (len > 127) {
1490            len = 127;
1491         }
1492         strncpy(str, (char *) (bytes+2), len);
1493         str[len] = '\0';
1494         printf("Utf8          \"%s\"", str);
1495         ent_size = 2 + len;
1496         break;
1497       }
1498       case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer: {
1499         u4 val = Bytes::get_Java_u4(bytes);
1500         printf("int          %d", *(int *) &val);
1501         ent_size = 4;
1502         break;
1503       }
1504       case JVM_CONSTANT_Float: {
1505         u4 val = Bytes::get_Java_u4(bytes);
1506         printf("float        %5.3ff", *(float *) &val);
1507         ent_size = 4;
1508         break;
1509       }
1510       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long: {
1511         u8 val = Bytes::get_Java_u8(bytes);
1512         printf("long         " INT64_FORMAT, (int64_t) *(jlong *) &val);
1513         ent_size = 8;
1514         idx++; // Long takes two cpool slots
1515         break;
1516       }
1517       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
1518         u8 val = Bytes::get_Java_u8(bytes);
1519         printf("double       %5.3fd", *(jdouble *)&val);
1520         ent_size = 8;
1521         idx++; // Double takes two cpool slots
1522         break;
1523       }
1524       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class: {
1525         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1526         printf("class        #%03d", idx1);
1527         ent_size = 2;
1528         break;
1529       }
1530       case JVM_CONSTANT_String: {
1531         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1532         printf("String       #%03d", idx1);
1533         ent_size = 2;
1534         break;
1535       }
1536       case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref: {
1537         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1538         idx2 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes+2);
1539         printf("Field        #%03d, #%03d", (int) idx1, (int) idx2);
1540         ent_size = 4;
1541         break;
1542       }
1543       case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref: {
1544         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1545         idx2 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes+2);
1546         printf("Method       #%03d, #%03d", idx1, idx2);
1547         ent_size = 4;
1548         break;
1549       }
1550       case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: {
1551         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1552         idx2 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes+2);
1553         printf("InterfMethod #%03d, #%03d", idx1, idx2);
1554         ent_size = 4;
1555         break;
1556       }
1557       case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType: {
1558         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1559         idx2 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes+2);
1560         printf("NameAndType  #%03d, #%03d", idx1, idx2);
1561         ent_size = 4;
1562         break;
1563       }
1564       case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: {
1565         printf("ClassIndex  %s", WARN_MSG);
1566         break;
1567       }
1568       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass: {
1569         printf("UnresolvedClass: %s", WARN_MSG);
1570         break;
1571       }
1572       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
1573         printf("UnresolvedClassInErr: %s", WARN_MSG);
1574         break;
1575       }
1576       case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex: {
1577         printf("StringIndex: %s", WARN_MSG);
1578         break;
1579       }
1580     }
1581     printf(";\n");
1582     bytes += ent_size;
1583     size  += ent_size;
1584   }
1585   printf("Cpool size: %d\n", size);
1586   fflush(0);
1587   return;
1588 } /* end print_cpool_bytes */
1589 
1590 
1591 // Returns size of constant pool entry.
1592 jint ConstantPool::cpool_entry_size(jint idx) {
1593   switch(tag_at(idx).value()) {
1594     case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid:
1595     case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode:
1596       return 1;
1597 
1598     case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1599       return 3 + symbol_at(idx)->utf8_length();
1600 
1601     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1602     case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1603     case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
1604     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1605     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
1606     case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
1607     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1608     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
1609       return 3;
1610 
1611     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1612     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
1613       return 4; //tag, ref_kind, ref_index
1614 
1615     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1616     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1617     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1618     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1619     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
1620     case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
1621       return 5;
1622 
1623     case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1624       // u1 tag, u2 bsm, u2 nt
1625       return 5;
1626 
1627     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1628     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1629       return 9;
1630   }
1631   assert(false, "cpool_entry_size: Invalid constant pool entry tag");
1632   return 1;
1633 } /* end cpool_entry_size */
1634 
1635 
1636 // SymbolHashMap is used to find a constant pool index from a string.
1637 // This function fills in SymbolHashMaps, one for utf8s and one for
1638 // class names, returns size of the cpool raw bytes.
1639 jint ConstantPool::hash_entries_to(SymbolHashMap *symmap,
1640                                           SymbolHashMap *classmap) {
1641   jint size = 0;
1642 
1643   for (u2 idx = 1; idx < length(); idx++) {
1644     u2 tag = tag_at(idx).value();
1645     size += cpool_entry_size(idx);
1646 
1647     switch(tag) {
1648       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
1649         Symbol* sym = symbol_at(idx);
1650         symmap->add_entry(sym, idx);
1651         DBG(printf("adding symbol entry %s = %d\n", sym->as_utf8(), idx));
1652         break;
1653       }
1654       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1655       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1656       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
1657         Symbol* sym = klass_name_at(idx);
1658         classmap->add_entry(sym, idx);
1659         DBG(printf("adding class entry %s = %d\n", sym->as_utf8(), idx));
1660         break;
1661       }
1662       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1663       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
1664         idx++; // Both Long and Double take two cpool slots
1665         break;
1666       }
1667     }
1668   }
1669   return size;
1670 } /* end hash_utf8_entries_to */
1671 
1672 
1673 // Copy cpool bytes.
1674 // Returns:
1675 //    0, in case of OutOfMemoryError
1676 //   -1, in case of internal error
1677 //  > 0, count of the raw cpool bytes that have been copied
1678 int ConstantPool::copy_cpool_bytes(int cpool_size,
1679                                           SymbolHashMap* tbl,
1680                                           unsigned char *bytes) {
1681   u2   idx1, idx2;
1682   jint size  = 0;
1683   jint cnt   = length();
1684   unsigned char *start_bytes = bytes;
1685 
1686   for (jint idx = 1; idx < cnt; idx++) {
1687     u1   tag      = tag_at(idx).value();
1688     jint ent_size = cpool_entry_size(idx);
1689 
1690     assert(size + ent_size <= cpool_size, "Size mismatch");
1691 
1692     *bytes = tag;
1693     DBG(printf("#%03hd tag=%03hd, ", idx, tag));
1694     switch(tag) {
1695       case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: {
1696         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid"));
1697         break;
1698       }
1699       case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode: {
1700         assert(false, "Wrong constant pool tag: JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode");
1701         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode"));
1702         break;
1703       }
1704       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
1705         Symbol* sym = symbol_at(idx);
1706         char*     str = sym->as_utf8();
1707         // Warning! It's crashing on x86 with len = sym->utf8_length()
1708         int       len = (int) strlen(str);
1709         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), (u2) len);
1710         for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
1711             bytes[3+i] = (u1) str[i];
1712         }
1713         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: %s ", str));
1714         break;
1715       }
1716       case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer: {
1717         jint val = int_at(idx);
1718         Bytes::put_Java_u4((address) (bytes+1), *(u4*)&val);
1719         break;
1720       }
1721       case JVM_CONSTANT_Float: {
1722         jfloat val = float_at(idx);
1723         Bytes::put_Java_u4((address) (bytes+1), *(u4*)&val);
1724         break;
1725       }
1726       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long: {
1727         jlong val = long_at(idx);
1728         Bytes::put_Java_u8((address) (bytes+1), *(u8*)&val);
1729         idx++;             // Long takes two cpool slots
1730         break;
1731       }
1732       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
1733         jdouble val = double_at(idx);
1734         Bytes::put_Java_u8((address) (bytes+1), *(u8*)&val);
1735         idx++;             // Double takes two cpool slots
1736         break;
1737       }
1738       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1739       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1740       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
1741         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_Class;
1742         Symbol* sym = klass_name_at(idx);
1743         idx1 = tbl->symbol_to_value(sym);
1744         assert(idx1 != 0, "Have not found a hashtable entry");
1745         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1746         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Class: idx=#%03hd, %s", idx1, sym->as_utf8()));
1747         break;
1748       }
1749       case JVM_CONSTANT_String: {
1750         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_String;
1751         Symbol* sym = unresolved_string_at(idx);
1752         idx1 = tbl->symbol_to_value(sym);
1753         assert(idx1 != 0, "Have not found a hashtable entry");
1754         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1755         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_String: idx=#%03hd, %s", idx1, sym->as_utf8()));
1756         break;
1757       }
1758       case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1759       case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1760       case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: {
1761         idx1 = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(idx);
1762         idx2 = uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx);
1763         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1764         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
1765         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref: %hd %hd", idx1, idx2));
1766         break;
1767       }
1768       case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType: {
1769         idx1 = name_ref_index_at(idx);
1770         idx2 = signature_ref_index_at(idx);
1771         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1772         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
1773         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType: %hd %hd", idx1, idx2));
1774         break;
1775       }
1776       case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: {
1777         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_Class;
1778         idx1 = klass_index_at(idx);
1779         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1780         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: %hd", idx1));
1781         break;
1782       }
1783       case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex: {
1784         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_String;
1785         idx1 = string_index_at(idx);
1786         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1787         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex: %hd", idx1));
1788         break;
1789       }
1790       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1791       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError: {
1792         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle;
1793         int kind = method_handle_ref_kind_at_error_ok(idx);
1794         idx1 = method_handle_index_at_error_ok(idx);
1795         *(bytes+1) = (unsigned char) kind;
1796         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+2), idx1);
1797         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle: %d %hd", kind, idx1));
1798         break;
1799       }
1800       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1801       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError: {
1802         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType;
1803         idx1 = method_type_index_at_error_ok(idx);
1804         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1805         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType: %hd", idx1));
1806         break;
1807       }
1808       case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic: {
1809         *bytes = tag;
1810         idx1 = extract_low_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
1811         idx2 = extract_high_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
1812         assert(idx2 == invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx), "correct half of u4");
1813         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1814         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
1815         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic: %hd %hd", idx1, idx2));
1816         break;
1817       }
1818     }
1819     DBG(printf("\n"));
1820     bytes += ent_size;
1821     size  += ent_size;
1822   }
1823   assert(size == cpool_size, "Size mismatch");
1824 
1825   // Keep temorarily for debugging until it's stable.
1826   DBG(print_cpool_bytes(cnt, start_bytes));
1827   return (int)(bytes - start_bytes);
1828 } /* end copy_cpool_bytes */
1829 
1830 #undef DBG
1831 
1832 
1833 void ConstantPool::set_on_stack(const bool value) {
1834   if (value) {
1835     int old_flags = *const_cast<volatile int *>(&_flags);
1836     while ((old_flags & _on_stack) == 0) {
1837       int new_flags = old_flags | _on_stack;
1838       int result = Atomic::cmpxchg(new_flags, &_flags, old_flags);
1839 
1840       if (result == old_flags) {
1841         // Succeeded.
1842         MetadataOnStackMark::record(this, Thread::current());
1843         return;
1844       }
1845       old_flags = result;
1846     }
1847   } else {
1848     // Clearing is done single-threadedly.
1849     _flags &= ~_on_stack;
1850   }
1851 }
1852 
1853 // JSR 292 support for patching constant pool oops after the class is linked and
1854 // the oop array for resolved references are created.
1855 // We can't do this during classfile parsing, which is how the other indexes are
1856 // patched.  The other patches are applied early for some error checking
1857 // so only defer the pseudo_strings.
1858 void ConstantPool::patch_resolved_references(
1859                                             GrowableArray<Handle>* cp_patches) {
1860   assert(EnableInvokeDynamic, "");
1861   for (int index = 1; index < cp_patches->length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
1862     Handle patch = cp_patches->at(index);
1863     if (patch.not_null()) {
1864       assert (tag_at(index).is_string(), "should only be string left");
1865       // Patching a string means pre-resolving it.
1866       // The spelling in the constant pool is ignored.
1867       // The constant reference may be any object whatever.
1868       // If it is not a real interned string, the constant is referred
1869       // to as a "pseudo-string", and must be presented to the CP
1870       // explicitly, because it may require scavenging.
1871       int obj_index = cp_to_object_index(index);
1872       pseudo_string_at_put(index, obj_index, patch());
1873       DEBUG_ONLY(cp_patches->at_put(index, Handle());)
1874     }
1875   }
1876 #ifdef ASSERT
1877   // Ensure that all the patches have been used.
1878   for (int index = 0; index < cp_patches->length(); index++) {
1879     assert(cp_patches->at(index).is_null(),
1880            err_msg("Unused constant pool patch at %d in class file %s",
1881                    index,
1882                    pool_holder()->external_name()));
1883   }
1884 #endif // ASSERT
1885 }
1886 
1887 #ifndef PRODUCT
1888 
1889 // CompileTheWorld support. Preload all classes loaded references in the passed in constantpool
1890 void ConstantPool::preload_and_initialize_all_classes(ConstantPool* obj, TRAPS) {
1891   guarantee(obj->is_constantPool(), "object must be constant pool");
1892   constantPoolHandle cp(THREAD, (ConstantPool*)obj);
1893   guarantee(cp->pool_holder() != NULL, "must be fully loaded");
1894 
1895   for (int i = 0; i< cp->length();  i++) {
1896     if (cp->tag_at(i).is_unresolved_klass()) {
1897       // This will force loading of the class
1898       Klass* klass = cp->klass_at(i, CHECK);
1899       if (klass->oop_is_instance()) {
1900         // Force initialization of class
1901         InstanceKlass::cast(klass)->initialize(CHECK);
1902       }
1903     }
1904   }
1905 }
1906 
1907 #endif
1908 
1909 
1910 // Printing
1911 
1912 void ConstantPool::print_on(outputStream* st) const {
1913   EXCEPTION_MARK;
1914   assert(is_constantPool(), "must be constantPool");
1915   st->print_cr("%s", internal_name());
1916   if (flags() != 0) {
1917     st->print(" - flags: 0x%x", flags());
1918     if (has_preresolution()) st->print(" has_preresolution");
1919     if (on_stack()) st->print(" on_stack");
1920     st->cr();
1921   }
1922   if (pool_holder() != NULL) {
1923     st->print_cr(" - holder: " INTPTR_FORMAT, pool_holder());
1924   }
1925   st->print_cr(" - cache: " INTPTR_FORMAT, cache());
1926   st->print_cr(" - resolved_references: " INTPTR_FORMAT, (void *)resolved_references());
1927   st->print_cr(" - reference_map: " INTPTR_FORMAT, reference_map());
1928 
1929   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) {      // Index 0 is unused
1930     ((ConstantPool*)this)->print_entry_on(index, st);
1931     switch (tag_at(index).value()) {
1932       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long :
1933       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double :
1934         index++;   // Skip entry following eigth-byte constant
1935     }
1936 
1937   }
1938   st->cr();
1939 }
1940 
1941 // Print one constant pool entry
1942 void ConstantPool::print_entry_on(const int index, outputStream* st) {
1943   EXCEPTION_MARK;
1944   st->print(" - %3d : ", index);
1945   tag_at(index).print_on(st);
1946   st->print(" : ");
1947   switch (tag_at(index).value()) {
1948     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class :
1949       { Klass* k = klass_at(index, CATCH);
1950         guarantee(k != NULL, "need klass");
1951         k->print_value_on(st);
1952         st->print(" {0x%lx}", (address)k);
1953       }
1954       break;
1955     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref :
1956     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref :
1957     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref :
1958       st->print("klass_index=%d", uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index));
1959       st->print(" name_and_type_index=%d", uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index));
1960       break;
1961     case JVM_CONSTANT_String :
1962       if (is_pseudo_string_at(index)) {
1963         oop anObj = pseudo_string_at(index);
1964         anObj->print_value_on(st);
1965         st->print(" {0x%lx}", (address)anObj);
1966       } else {
1967         unresolved_string_at(index)->print_value_on(st);
1968       }
1969       break;
1970     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer :
1971       st->print("%d", int_at(index));
1972       break;
1973     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float :
1974       st->print("%f", float_at(index));
1975       break;
1976     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long :
1977       st->print_jlong(long_at(index));
1978       break;
1979     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double :
1980       st->print("%lf", double_at(index));
1981       break;
1982     case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType :
1983       st->print("name_index=%d", name_ref_index_at(index));
1984       st->print(" signature_index=%d", signature_ref_index_at(index));
1985       break;
1986     case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8 :
1987       symbol_at(index)->print_value_on(st);
1988       break;
1989     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass :               // fall-through
1990     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
1991       // unresolved_klass_at requires lock or safe world.
1992       CPSlot entry = slot_at(index);
1993       if (entry.is_resolved()) {
1994         entry.get_klass()->print_value_on(st);
1995       } else {
1996         entry.get_symbol()->print_value_on(st);
1997       }
1998       }
1999       break;
2000     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle :
2001     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError :
2002       st->print("ref_kind=%d", method_handle_ref_kind_at_error_ok(index));
2003       st->print(" ref_index=%d", method_handle_index_at_error_ok(index));
2004       break;
2005     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType :
2006     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError :
2007       st->print("signature_index=%d", method_type_index_at_error_ok(index));
2008       break;
2009     case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic :
2010       {
2011         st->print("bootstrap_method_index=%d", invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(index));
2012         st->print(" name_and_type_index=%d", invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index));
2013         int argc = invoke_dynamic_argument_count_at(index);
2014         if (argc > 0) {
2015           for (int arg_i = 0; arg_i < argc; arg_i++) {
2016             int arg = invoke_dynamic_argument_index_at(index, arg_i);
2017             st->print((arg_i == 0 ? " arguments={%d" : ", %d"), arg);
2018           }
2019           st->print("}");
2020         }
2021       }
2022       break;
2023     default:
2024       ShouldNotReachHere();
2025       break;
2026   }
2027   st->cr();
2028 }
2029 
2030 void ConstantPool::print_value_on(outputStream* st) const {
2031   assert(is_constantPool(), "must be constantPool");
2032   st->print("constant pool [%d]", length());
2033   if (has_preresolution()) st->print("/preresolution");
2034   if (operands() != NULL)  st->print("/operands[%d]", operands()->length());
2035   print_address_on(st);
2036   st->print(" for ");
2037   pool_holder()->print_value_on(st);
2038   if (pool_holder() != NULL) {
2039     bool extra = (pool_holder()->constants() != this);
2040     if (extra)  st->print(" (extra)");
2041   }
2042   if (cache() != NULL) {
2043     st->print(" cache=" PTR_FORMAT, cache());
2044   }
2045 }
2046 
2047 #if INCLUDE_SERVICES
2048 // Size Statistics
2049 void ConstantPool::collect_statistics(KlassSizeStats *sz) const {
2050   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_bytes          = sz->count(this));
2051   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_tags_bytes     = sz->count_array(tags()));
2052   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_cache_bytes    = sz->count(cache()));
2053   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_operands_bytes = sz->count_array(operands()));
2054   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_refmap_bytes   = sz->count_array(reference_map()));
2055 
2056   sz->_ro_bytes += sz->_cp_operands_bytes + sz->_cp_tags_bytes +
2057                    sz->_cp_refmap_bytes;
2058   sz->_rw_bytes += sz->_cp_bytes + sz->_cp_cache_bytes;
2059 }
2060 #endif // INCLUDE_SERVICES
2061 
2062 // Verification
2063 
2064 void ConstantPool::verify_on(outputStream* st) {
2065   guarantee(is_constantPool(), "object must be constant pool");
2066   for (int i = 0; i< length();  i++) {
2067     constantTag tag = tag_at(i);
2068     CPSlot entry = slot_at(i);
2069     if (tag.is_klass()) {
2070       if (entry.is_resolved()) {
2071         guarantee(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(),    "should be klass");
2072       }
2073     } else if (tag.is_unresolved_klass()) {
2074       if (entry.is_resolved()) {
2075         guarantee(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(),    "should be klass");
2076       }
2077     } else if (tag.is_symbol()) {
2078       guarantee(entry.get_symbol()->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2079     } else if (tag.is_string()) {
2080       guarantee(entry.get_symbol()->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2081     }
2082   }
2083   if (cache() != NULL) {
2084     // Note: cache() can be NULL before a class is completely setup or
2085     // in temporary constant pools used during constant pool merging
2086     guarantee(cache()->is_constantPoolCache(), "should be constant pool cache");
2087   }
2088   if (pool_holder() != NULL) {
2089     // Note: pool_holder() can be NULL in temporary constant pools
2090     // used during constant pool merging
2091     guarantee(pool_holder()->is_klass(),    "should be klass");
2092   }
2093 }
2094 
2095 
2096 void SymbolHashMap::add_entry(Symbol* sym, u2 value) {
2097   char *str = sym->as_utf8();
2098   unsigned int hash = compute_hash(str, sym->utf8_length());
2099   unsigned int index = hash % table_size();
2100 
2101   // check if already in map
2102   // we prefer the first entry since it is more likely to be what was used in
2103   // the class file
2104   for (SymbolHashMapEntry *en = bucket(index); en != NULL; en = en->next()) {
2105     assert(en->symbol() != NULL, "SymbolHashMapEntry symbol is NULL");
2106     if (en->hash() == hash && en->symbol() == sym) {
2107         return;  // already there
2108     }
2109   }
2110 
2111   SymbolHashMapEntry* entry = new SymbolHashMapEntry(hash, sym, value);
2112   entry->set_next(bucket(index));
2113   _buckets[index].set_entry(entry);
2114   assert(entry->symbol() != NULL, "SymbolHashMapEntry symbol is NULL");
2115 }
2116 
2117 SymbolHashMapEntry* SymbolHashMap::find_entry(Symbol* sym) {
2118   assert(sym != NULL, "SymbolHashMap::find_entry - symbol is NULL");
2119   char *str = sym->as_utf8();
2120   int   len = sym->utf8_length();
2121   unsigned int hash = SymbolHashMap::compute_hash(str, len);
2122   unsigned int index = hash % table_size();
2123   for (SymbolHashMapEntry *en = bucket(index); en != NULL; en = en->next()) {
2124     assert(en->symbol() != NULL, "SymbolHashMapEntry symbol is NULL");
2125     if (en->hash() == hash && en->symbol() == sym) {
2126       return en;
2127     }
2128   }
2129   return NULL;
2130 }