1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Sun designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara, 21 # CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or 22 # have any questions. 23 # 24 # @(#)antarctica 8.4 25 # <pre> 26 27 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): 28 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see 29 # <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> 30 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases 31 # </a> 32 # and 33 # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> 34 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) 35 # </a> 36 # for information. 37 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 38 # 39 # Except for the French entries, 40 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! 41 # FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. 42 43 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 44 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 45 Rule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 46 Rule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 47 Rule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 48 Rule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 49 Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 50 Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 51 Rule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 52 Rule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 53 Rule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 54 55 # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 56 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 57 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 58 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 59 Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 - 60 Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 61 Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 62 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 63 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 64 Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 65 Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 66 Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 - 67 Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 68 Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S 69 Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 70 Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 - 71 Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S 72 Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 73 Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 74 Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - 75 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 76 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S 77 Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 - 78 Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 79 Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 80 81 82 # Argentina - year-round bases 83 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 84 # Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 85 # Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 86 # Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 87 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 88 # San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 89 # (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) 90 91 # Australia - territories 92 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 93 # previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered 94 # <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 95 # Margaret Turner reports 96 # </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; 97 # presumably this is when they have visitors. 98 # 99 # year-round bases 100 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 101 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 102 # (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) 103 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 104 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 105 Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969 106 8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time 107 Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13 108 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time 109 0 - zzz 1969 Feb 110 7:00 - DAVT 111 Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13 112 6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time 113 # References: 114 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> 115 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 116 # </a> 117 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> 118 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 119 # </a> 120 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> 121 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 122 # </a> 123 124 # Brazil - year-round base 125 # Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4 126 127 # Chile - year-round bases and towns 128 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 129 # Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07 130 # General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 131 # Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941 132 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09 133 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'. 134 135 # China - year-round bases 136 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20 137 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26 138 139 # France - year-round bases 140 # 141 # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20): 142 # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 143 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 144 # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 145 # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 146 # from Tasmania. 147 # 148 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 149 # 150 # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 151 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 152 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 153 # whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 154 # 155 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited 156 # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 157 # 158 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 159 Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 160 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 161 # 162 # year-round base in the main continent 163 # Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 164 # 165 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 166 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 167 # 168 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 169 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947 170 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 171 0 - zzz 1956 Nov 172 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 173 # Reference: 174 # <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station"> 175 # Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05) 176 # </a> 177 178 # Germany - year-round base 179 # Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815 180 181 # India - year-round base 182 # Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200 183 184 # Japan - year-round bases 185 # Dome Fuji, -7719+03942 186 # Syowa, -690022+0393524 187 # 188 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 189 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. 190 # 191 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 192 # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 193 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 194 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 195 Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29 196 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time 197 # See: 198 # <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> 199 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 200 # </a> 201 202 # S Korea - year-round base 203 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988 204 205 # New Zealand - claims 206 # Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 207 # Scott Island (never inhabited) 208 # 209 # year-round base 210 # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 211 # 212 # These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 213 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 214 Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 215 Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 216 Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 217 Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 218 Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 219 Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 220 Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 221 Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 222 Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 223 224 # Norway - territories 225 # Bouvet (never inhabited) 226 # 227 # claims 228 # Peter I Island (never inhabited) 229 230 # Poland - year-round base 231 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 232 233 # Russia - year-round bases 234 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 235 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 236 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551, 237 # year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 238 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, 239 # year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 240 241 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 242 # <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP"> 243 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>: 244 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same 245 # time as Moscow, Russia. 246 # 247 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): 248 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is 249 # what they had to say about time there: 250 # ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) 251 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was 252 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead 253 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The 254 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.'' 255 # 256 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): 257 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it 258 # in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local 259 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this 260 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean 261 # solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks 262 # happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time 263 # it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6. 264 # 265 Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 266 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time 267 268 # S Africa - year-round bases 269 # Marion Island, -4653+03752 270 # Sanae, -7141-00250 271 272 # UK 273 # 274 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 275 # South Orkney Islands 276 # scientific station from 1903 277 # whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 278 # South Shetland Islands 279 # 280 # year-round bases 281 # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 282 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, 283 # scientific station 1943/1967, 284 # previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, 285 # and a garrison was deployed briefly 286 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 287 # Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated 288 # so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. 289 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 290 # 291 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22) 292 # <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year. 293 # 294 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 295 Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1 296 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time 297 298 # Uruguay - year round base 299 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 300 301 # USA - year-round bases 302 # 303 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 304 # 305 # From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06): 306 # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 307 # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 308 # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 309 # Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 310 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 311 # 312 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 313 Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965 314 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 315 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 316 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 317 # 318 # 319 # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 320 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 321 Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956 322 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 323 # 324 # Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 325 # 326 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 327 # Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 328 # larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 329 # 330 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27): 331 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 332 # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 333 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 334 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 335 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 336 # at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 337 # 338 # From Susan Smith 339 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 340 # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 341 # We use the same time as McMurdo does. 342 # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 343 # One last quirk about South Pole time. 344 # All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 345 # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 346 # makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 347 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 348 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 349 # 350 Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole