1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Sun designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara, 21 # CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or 22 # have any questions. 23 # 24 # @(#)antarctica 8.4 25 # <pre> 26 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 27 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 28 29 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): 30 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see 31 # <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> 32 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases 33 # </a> 34 # and 35 # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> 36 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) 37 # </a> 38 # for information. 39 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 40 # 41 # Except for the French entries, 42 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! 43 # FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. 44 45 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 46 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 47 Rule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 48 Rule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 49 Rule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 50 Rule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 51 Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 52 Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 53 Rule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 54 Rule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 55 Rule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 56 57 # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 58 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 59 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 60 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 61 Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 - 62 Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 63 Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 64 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 65 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 66 Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 67 Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 68 Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 - 69 Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 70 Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S 71 Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 72 Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 - 73 Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S 74 Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 75 Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 76 Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - 77 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 78 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S 79 Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 - 80 Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 81 Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 82 83 84 # Argentina - year-round bases 85 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 86 # Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 87 # Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 88 # Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 89 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 90 # San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 91 # (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) 92 93 # Australia - territories 94 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 95 # previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered 96 # <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 97 # Margaret Turner reports 98 # </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; 99 # presumably this is when they have visitors. 100 # 101 # year-round bases 102 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 103 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 104 # (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) 105 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 106 107 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11): 108 # Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone: 109 # Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11 110 # Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5 111 # Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5 112 # The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times). 113 # 114 # Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division) 115 # <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079"> 116 # http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079 117 # </a> 118 # 119 # We have more background information here: 120 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html"> 121 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html 122 # </a> 123 124 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 125 Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969 126 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00 127 # Western (Aus) Standard Time 128 11:00 - CAST # Casey Time 129 Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13 130 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time 131 0 - zzz 1969 Feb 132 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:0 133 5:00 - DAVT 134 Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13 135 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 136 # Mawson Time 137 5:00 - MAWT 138 # References: 139 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> 140 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 141 # </a> 142 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> 143 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 144 # </a> 145 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> 146 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 147 # </a> 148 149 # Brazil - year-round base 150 # Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4 151 152 # Chile - year-round bases and towns 153 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 154 # Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07 155 # General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 156 # Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941 157 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09 158 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'. 159 160 # China - year-round bases 161 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20 162 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26 163 164 # France - year-round bases 165 # 166 # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20): 167 # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 168 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 169 # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 170 # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 171 # from Tasmania. 172 # 173 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 174 # 175 # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 176 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 177 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 178 # whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 179 # 180 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited 181 # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 182 # 183 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 184 Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 185 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 186 # 187 # year-round base in the main continent 188 # Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 189 # 190 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 191 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 192 # 193 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 194 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947 195 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 196 0 - zzz 1956 Nov 197 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 198 # Reference: 199 # <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station"> 200 # Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05) 201 # </a> 202 203 # Germany - year-round base 204 # Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815 205 206 # India - year-round base 207 # Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200 208 209 # Japan - year-round bases 210 # Dome Fuji, -7719+03942 211 # Syowa, -690022+0393524 212 # 213 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 214 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. 215 # 216 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 217 # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 218 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 219 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 220 Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29 221 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time 222 # See: 223 # <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> 224 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 225 # </a> 226 227 # S Korea - year-round base 228 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988 229 230 # New Zealand - claims 231 # Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 232 # Scott Island (never inhabited) 233 # 234 # year-round base 235 # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 236 # 237 # These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 238 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 239 Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 240 Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 241 Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 242 Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 243 Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 244 Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 245 Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 246 Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 247 Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 248 249 # Norway - territories 250 # Bouvet (never inhabited) 251 # 252 # claims 253 # Peter I Island (never inhabited) 254 255 # Poland - year-round base 256 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 257 258 # Russia - year-round bases 259 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 260 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 261 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551, 262 # year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 263 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, 264 # year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 265 266 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 267 # <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP"> 268 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>: 269 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same 270 # time as Moscow, Russia. 271 # 272 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): 273 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is 274 # what they had to say about time there: 275 # ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) 276 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was 277 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead 278 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The 279 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.'' 280 # 281 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): 282 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it 283 # in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local 284 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this 285 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean 286 # solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks 287 # happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time 288 # it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6. 289 # 290 Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 291 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time 292 293 # S Africa - year-round bases 294 # Marion Island, -4653+03752 295 # Sanae, -7141-00250 296 297 # UK 298 # 299 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 300 # South Orkney Islands 301 # scientific station from 1903 302 # whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 303 # South Shetland Islands 304 # 305 # year-round bases 306 # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 307 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, 308 # scientific station 1943/1967, 309 # previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, 310 # and a garrison was deployed briefly 311 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 312 # Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated 313 # so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. 314 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 315 # 316 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22) 317 # <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year. 318 # 319 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 320 Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1 321 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time 322 323 # Uruguay - year round base 324 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 325 326 # USA - year-round bases 327 # 328 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 329 # 330 # From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06): 331 # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 332 # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 333 # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 334 # Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 335 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 336 # 337 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 338 Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965 339 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 340 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 341 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 342 # 343 # 344 # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 345 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 346 Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956 347 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 348 # 349 # Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 350 # 351 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 352 # Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 353 # larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 354 # 355 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27): 356 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 357 # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 358 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 359 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 360 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 361 # at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 362 # 363 # From Susan Smith 364 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 365 # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 366 # We use the same time as McMurdo does. 367 # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 368 # One last quirk about South Pole time. 369 # All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 370 # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 371 # makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 372 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 373 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 374 # 375 Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole