1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Sun designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara, 21 # CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or 22 # have any questions. 23 # 24 # @(#)australasia 8.9 25 # <pre> 26 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 27 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 28 29 # This file also includes Pacific islands. 30 31 # Notes are at the end of this file 32 33 ############################################################################### 34 35 # Australia 36 37 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 38 39 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 40 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 41 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 42 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 43 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 44 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 45 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 46 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 47 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 48 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 49 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 50 51 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 52 # Northern Territory 53 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 54 9:00 - CST 1899 May 55 9:30 Aus CST 56 # Western Australia 57 # 58 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 59 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 60 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 61 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 62 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 63 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 64 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 65 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 66 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 67 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 68 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 69 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 70 8:00 AW WST 71 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 72 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 73 8:45 AW CWST 74 75 # Queensland 76 # 77 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 78 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 79 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 80 # Queensland ceased to. 81 # 82 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 83 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 84 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 85 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 86 # so use Lindeman. 87 # 88 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 89 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 90 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 91 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 92 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 93 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 94 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 96 10:00 Aus EST 1971 97 10:00 AQ EST 98 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 99 10:00 Aus EST 1971 100 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 101 10:00 Holiday EST 102 103 # South Australia 104 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 105 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 106 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 107 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 108 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 109 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 110 Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 111 Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 112 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 113 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 114 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 115 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 116 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 117 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 118 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 119 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 120 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 121 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 122 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 123 9:00 - CST 1899 May 124 9:30 Aus CST 1971 125 9:30 AS CST 126 127 # Tasmania 128 # 129 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 130 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 131 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 132 # 133 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 134 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 135 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 136 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 137 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 138 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 139 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 140 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 141 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 142 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 143 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 144 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 145 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 146 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 147 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 148 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 149 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 150 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 151 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 152 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 153 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 154 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 155 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 156 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 157 10:00 Aus EST 1967 158 10:00 AT EST 159 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 160 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 161 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 162 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 163 10:00 AT EST 164 165 # Victoria 166 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 167 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 168 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 169 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 170 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 171 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 172 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 173 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 174 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 175 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 176 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 177 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 179 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 180 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 181 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 182 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 183 10:00 Aus EST 1971 184 10:00 AV EST 185 186 # New South Wales 187 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 188 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 189 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 190 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 191 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 192 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 193 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 194 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 195 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 196 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 197 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 198 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 199 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 200 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 201 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 202 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 203 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 204 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 205 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 206 10:00 Aus EST 1971 207 10:00 AN EST 208 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 209 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 210 9:00 - CST 1899 May 211 9:30 Aus CST 1971 212 9:30 AN CST 2000 213 9:30 AS CST 214 215 # Lord Howe Island 216 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 217 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 218 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 219 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 220 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 221 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 222 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 223 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 224 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 225 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 226 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 227 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 228 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 229 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 230 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 231 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 232 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 233 10:30 LH LHST 234 235 # Australian miscellany 236 # 237 # Ashmore Is, Cartier 238 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 239 # no times are set 240 # 241 # Coral Sea Is 242 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 243 # no times are set 244 # 245 # Macquarie 246 # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 247 # sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 248 # like Australia/Hobart 249 250 # Christmas 251 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 252 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 253 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 254 255 # Cook Is 256 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 257 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 258 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 259 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 260 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 261 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 262 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 263 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 264 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 265 266 # Cocos 267 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 268 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 269 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 270 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 271 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 272 273 # Fiji 274 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 275 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 276 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 277 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 278 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 279 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 280 281 # French Polynesia 282 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 283 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 284 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 285 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 286 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 287 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 288 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 289 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 290 # it is uninhabited. 291 292 # Guam 293 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 294 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 295 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 296 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 297 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 298 299 # Kiribati 300 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 301 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 302 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 303 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 304 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 305 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 306 13:00 - PHOT 307 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 308 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 309 -10:00 - LINT 1995 310 14:00 - LINT 311 312 # N Mariana Is 313 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 314 Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 315 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 316 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 317 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 318 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 319 320 # Marshall Is 321 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 322 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 323 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 324 12:00 - MHT 325 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 326 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 327 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 328 12:00 - MHT 329 330 # Micronesia 331 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 332 Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 333 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 334 Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 335 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 336 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 337 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 338 12:00 - KOST 1999 339 11:00 - KOST 340 341 # Nauru 342 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 343 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 344 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 345 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 346 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 347 12:00 - NRT 348 349 # New Caledonia 350 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 351 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 352 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 353 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 354 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 355 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 356 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 357 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 358 11:00 NC NC%sT 359 360 361 ############################################################################### 362 363 # New Zealand 364 365 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 366 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 367 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 368 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 369 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 370 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 371 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 372 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 373 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 374 # convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 375 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 376 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 377 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 378 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 379 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 380 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 381 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 382 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 383 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 384 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 385 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 386 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 387 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 388 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 389 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 390 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 391 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 392 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 393 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 394 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 395 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 396 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 397 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 398 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 399 400 401 # Auckland Is 402 # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 403 # and scientific personnel have wintered 404 405 # Campbell I 406 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 407 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; 408 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 409 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland 410 411 ############################################################################### 412 413 414 # Niue 415 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 416 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 417 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 418 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 419 -11:00 - NUT 420 421 # Norfolk 422 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 423 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 424 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 425 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 426 427 # Palau (Belau) 428 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 429 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 430 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 431 432 # Papua New Guinea 433 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 434 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 435 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 436 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 437 438 # Pitcairn 439 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 440 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 441 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 442 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 443 444 # American Samoa 445 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 446 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 447 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 448 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 449 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 450 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 451 452 # Samoa 453 454 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-12-06): 455 # The Samoa government (Western Samoa) may implement DST on the first Sunday of 456 # October 2009 (October 4, 2009) until the last Sunday of March 2010 (March 28, 457 # 2010). 458 # 459 # "Selected Committee reports to Cabinet on Daylight Saving Time", 460 # Government of Samoa: 461 # <a href="http://www.govt.ws/pr_article.cfm?pr_id=560"> 462 # http://www.govt.ws/pr_article.cfm?pr_id=560 463 # </a> 464 # or 465 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_samoa01.html"> 466 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_samoa01.html 467 # </a> 468 469 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-27): 470 # Samoa's parliament passed the Daylight Saving Bill 2009, and will start 471 # daylight saving time on the first Sunday of October 2009 and end on the 472 # last Sunday of March 2010. We hope that the full text will be published 473 # soon, but we believe that the bill is only valid for 2009-2010. Samoa's 474 # Daylight Saving Act 2009 will be enforced as soon as the Head of State 475 # executes a proclamation publicizing this Act. 476 # 477 # Some background information here, which will be updated once we have 478 # more details: 479 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 480 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 481 # </a> 482 483 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-03): 484 # First, my deepest condolences to people of Samoa islands and all families and 485 # loved ones around the world who lost their lives in the earthquake and tsunami. 486 # 487 # Considering the recent devastation on Samoa by earthquake and tsunami and that 488 # many government offices/ ministers are closed- not sure if "Daylight Saving 489 # Bill 2009" will be implemented in next few days- on October 4, 2009. 490 # 491 # Here is reply from Consulate-General of Samoa in New Zealand 492 # --------------------------- 493 # Consul General 494 # consulgeneral@samoaconsulate.org.nz 495 # 496 # Talofa Alexander, 497 # 498 # Thank you for your sympathy for our country but at this time we have not 499 # been informed about the Daylight Savings Time Change. Most Ministries in 500 # Apia are closed or relocating due to weather concerns. 501 # 502 # When we do find out if they are still proceeding with the time change we 503 # will advise you soonest. 504 # 505 # Kind Regards, 506 # Lana 507 # for: Consul General 508 509 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-05): 510 # We have called a hotel in Samoa and asked about local time there - they 511 # are still on standard time. 512 513 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 514 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 515 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 516 -11:00 - WST 2009 Oct 4 517 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2010 Mar 28 518 -11:00 - WST 519 520 # Solomon Is 521 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 522 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 523 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 524 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 525 526 # Tokelau Is 527 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 528 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 529 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 530 531 # Tonga 532 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 533 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 534 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 535 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 536 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 537 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 538 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 539 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 540 13:00 - TOT 1999 541 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 542 543 # Tuvalu 544 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 545 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 546 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 547 548 549 # US minor outlying islands 550 551 # Howland, Baker 552 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 553 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 554 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 555 # uninhabited thereafter. 556 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 557 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 558 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 559 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 560 # until they were abandoned after the war. 561 562 # Jarvis 563 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 564 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 565 # uninhabited thereafter. 566 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 567 568 # Johnston 569 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 570 Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 571 572 # Kingman 573 # uninhabited 574 575 # Midway 576 # 577 # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 578 # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 579 # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 580 # reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 581 # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 582 # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 583 # designations that I've never seen before:.... 584 # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 585 # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 586 # 587 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 588 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 589 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 590 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 591 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 592 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 593 594 # Palmyra 595 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 596 597 # Wake 598 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 599 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 600 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 601 602 603 # Vanuatu 604 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 605 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 606 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 607 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 608 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 609 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 610 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 611 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 612 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 613 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 614 615 # Wallis and Futuna 616 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 617 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 618 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 619 620 ############################################################################### 621 622 # NOTES 623 624 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 625 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 626 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 627 628 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 629 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 630 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 631 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 632 # 633 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 634 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 635 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 636 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 637 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 638 # 639 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 640 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 641 # 642 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 643 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 644 # I found in the UCLA library. 645 # 646 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 647 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 648 # 649 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 650 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 651 # Corrections are welcome! 652 # std dst 653 # LMT Local Mean Time 654 # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 655 # 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 656 # 9:00 JST Japan 657 # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 658 # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 659 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro 660 # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 661 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 662 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 663 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 664 # -11:00 SST Samoa 665 # -10:00 HST Hawaii 666 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 667 # 668 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 669 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 670 671 ############################################################################### 672 673 # Australia 674 675 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 676 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 677 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 678 # </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 679 680 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 681 # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 682 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 683 # </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 684 685 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 686 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 687 # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 688 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 689 # abbreviation does _not_ change... 690 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 691 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 692 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 693 # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 694 # time'. 695 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 696 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 697 # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 698 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 699 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 700 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 701 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 702 703 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 704 # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 705 # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 706 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 707 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 708 709 # From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 710 # I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 711 # <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 712 # And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 713 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 714 715 # From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 716 # versus "AEST" etc.: 717 # 718 # I see the following points of dispute: 719 # 720 # * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 721 # 722 # Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 723 # Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 724 # operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 725 # (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 726 # Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 727 # In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 728 # abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 729 # think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 730 # 731 # On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 732 # abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 733 # particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 734 # time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 735 # 736 # * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 737 # 738 # Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 739 # many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 740 # which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 741 # Time, for example. 742 # 743 # Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 744 # refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 745 # tiebreaker. 746 # 747 # * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 748 # Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 749 # the word "Australian"? 750 # 751 # My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 752 # common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 753 # popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 754 # often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 755 # following count of page hits: 756 # 757 # 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 758 # 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 759 # 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 760 # 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 761 # 762 # Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 763 # particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 764 # say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 765 # Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 766 # 767 # For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 768 # ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 769 # many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 770 # are the hit counts anyway: 771 # 772 # 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 773 # 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 774 # 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 775 # 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 776 # 777 # 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 778 # 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 779 # 176 "ACST" and domain:au 780 # 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 781 # 782 # 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 783 # 68 "AWST" and domain:au 784 # 785 # This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 786 # practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 787 # the ambiguities involved. 788 # 789 # * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 790 # 791 # If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 792 # against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 793 # saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 794 # understood in Australia. 795 796 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 797 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 798 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 799 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 800 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 801 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 802 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 803 804 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 805 # 806 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 807 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 808 # relevant entries in this database. 809 # 810 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 811 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 812 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 813 # </a> 814 # ACT 815 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 816 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 817 # </a> 818 # SA 819 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 820 # Standard Time Act, 1898 821 # </a> 822 823 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 824 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 825 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 826 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 827 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 828 # 829 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 830 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 831 # to extend DST together in 2006. 832 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 833 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 834 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 835 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 836 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 837 # allude to it. 838 # But not Queensland 839 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 840 841 # Northern Territory 842 843 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 844 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 845 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 846 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 847 # ... 848 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 849 850 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 851 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 852 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 853 854 # Western Australia 855 856 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 857 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 858 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 859 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 860 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 861 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 862 # # before reaching parliament. 863 # ... 864 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 865 # ... 866 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 867 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 868 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 869 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 870 871 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 872 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 873 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 874 875 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 876 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 877 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 878 # work at 9.00am.) 879 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 880 # everybody again. 881 882 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 883 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 884 # it matches what was used in the past. 885 886 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 887 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 888 # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 889 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 890 891 # Queensland 892 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 893 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 894 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 895 # ... 896 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 897 # ... 898 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 899 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 900 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 901 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 902 903 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 904 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 905 # October 1989). 906 907 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 908 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 909 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 910 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 911 912 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 913 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 914 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 915 # me.) 916 917 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 918 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 919 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 920 # ... 921 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 922 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 923 # ... 924 925 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 926 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 927 928 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 929 # from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 930 # WA are trialing DST for three years. 931 # <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 932 933 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 934 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 935 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 936 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 937 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 938 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 939 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 940 # Australia and Western Australia.... 941 # 942 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 943 # This is confirmed by the section entitled 944 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in 945 # <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 946 # 947 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 948 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 949 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 950 # coast of the continent. 951 # 952 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 953 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 954 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 955 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 956 # the largest population centre in this zone.... 957 # 958 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 959 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 960 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 961 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 962 # 963 # (2006-12-09): 964 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 965 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 966 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 967 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 968 969 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 970 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 971 # introduction of standard time in 1895. 972 973 974 # southeast Australia 975 # 976 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 977 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 978 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 979 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 980 981 982 # South Australia 983 984 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 985 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 986 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 987 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 988 989 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 990 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 991 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 992 # ... 993 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 994 # ... 995 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 996 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 997 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 998 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 999 1000 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1001 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1002 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1003 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1004 1005 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1006 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1007 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1008 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1009 # is on... 1010 1011 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1012 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1013 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1014 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1015 1016 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1017 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1018 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1019 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1020 1021 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1022 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1023 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1024 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1025 1026 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1027 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1028 1029 # Tasmania 1030 1031 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1032 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1033 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1034 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1035 1036 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1037 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1038 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1039 # (but nothing new about that). 1040 1041 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1042 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1043 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1044 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1045 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1046 # instead of the first Sunday in October. 1047 1048 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1049 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1050 1051 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1052 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1053 1054 # Victoria 1055 1056 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1057 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1058 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1059 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1060 1061 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1062 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1063 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1064 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1065 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1066 # in Melbourne, Australia. 1067 # 1068 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1069 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1070 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1071 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1072 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1073 # expected time. 1074 # 1075 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1076 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1077 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1078 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1079 # 1080 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1081 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1082 1083 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1084 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1085 1086 # New South Wales 1087 1088 # From Arthur David Olson: 1089 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1090 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1091 # who notes: 1092 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1093 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1094 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1095 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1096 # legislation. This is very important to understand. 1097 # I have researched New South Wales time only... 1098 1099 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1100 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1101 # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1102 # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1103 # Two months more daylight saving 1104 # </a> 1105 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1106 1107 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1108 # See the following official NSW source: 1109 # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1110 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1111 # </a> 1112 # 1113 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1114 # daylight saving next year. See: 1115 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1116 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1117 # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1118 # 1119 # Victoria will following NSW. See: 1120 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1121 # Vic to extend daylight saving 1122 # </a> (1999-07-28). 1123 # 1124 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1125 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1126 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1127 # </a> (1999-07-19). 1128 # 1129 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1130 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1131 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1132 # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1133 # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1134 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1135 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1136 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1137 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1138 # 1139 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1140 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1141 # Broken Hill to be behind the times 1142 # </a> (1999-07-21). 1143 1144 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1145 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1146 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1147 1148 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1149 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1150 # towns to use Queensland time. 1151 1152 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1153 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1154 1155 # Yancowinna 1156 1157 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1158 # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1159 1160 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1161 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1162 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1163 # ... 1164 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1165 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1166 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1167 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1168 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1169 # # presently available. 1170 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1171 # ... 1172 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1173 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1174 # [followed by other Rules] 1175 1176 # Lord Howe Island 1177 1178 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1179 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1180 # [ Dec 1990 ] 1181 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1182 # hour ahead of NSW time. 1183 1184 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1185 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1186 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1187 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1188 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1189 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1190 # instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 1191 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1192 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1193 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1194 1195 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1196 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1197 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1198 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1199 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1200 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1201 1202 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1203 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1204 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1205 1206 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1207 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1208 1209 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1210 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1211 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1212 # summer (southern hemisphere). 1213 # 1214 # From 1215 # <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1216 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1217 # </a> 1218 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1219 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1220 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1221 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1222 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1223 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1224 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1225 # 1226 # We have a wrap-up here: 1227 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1228 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1229 # </a> 1230 ############################################################################### 1231 1232 # New Zealand 1233 1234 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1235 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1236 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1237 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1238 # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1239 1240 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1241 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1242 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1243 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1244 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1245 # ... 1246 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1247 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1248 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1249 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1250 # ... 1251 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1252 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1253 1254 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1255 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1256 # rather than the October 1 value. 1257 1258 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1259 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1260 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1261 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1262 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1263 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1264 # 1265 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1266 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1267 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1268 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1269 # 1270 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1271 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1272 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1273 1274 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1275 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1276 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1277 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1278 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1279 1280 ############################################################################### 1281 1282 1283 # Fiji 1284 1285 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1286 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1287 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1288 1289 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1290 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1291 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1292 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1293 1294 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1295 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1296 1297 # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1298 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1299 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1300 # also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1301 # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1302 # millenium. 1303 1304 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1305 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1306 1307 # Johnston 1308 1309 # Johnston data is from usno1995. 1310 1311 1312 # Kiribati 1313 1314 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1315 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1316 # ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1317 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1318 1319 1320 # Kwajalein 1321 1322 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1323 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1324 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1325 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1326 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1327 1328 1329 # N Mariana Is, Guam 1330 1331 # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1332 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1333 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1334 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1335 # see Asia/Manila. 1336 1337 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1338 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1339 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1340 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1341 1342 1343 # Micronesia 1344 1345 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1346 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1347 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1348 # 1349 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1350 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1351 1352 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1353 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1354 # <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1355 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1356 # </a> (1999-01-26) 1357 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1358 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1359 1360 1361 # Midway 1362 1363 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1364 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1365 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1366 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1367 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1368 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1369 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1370 # air at 6am your time. 1371 # 1372 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1373 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1374 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1375 # in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1376 1377 1378 # Pitcairn 1379 1380 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1381 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1382 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1383 # 1384 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1385 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1386 # as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1387 # 1388 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1389 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1390 # somehow in light of this proclamation. 1391 1392 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1393 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1394 # ... at midnight. 1395 1396 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1397 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1398 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1399 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1400 1401 1402 # Samoa 1403 1404 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1405 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1406 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1407 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1408 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1409 1410 1411 # Tonga 1412 1413 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1414 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1415 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1416 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1417 1418 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1419 # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1420 # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1421 # </a>: 1422 1423 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1424 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1425 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1426 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1427 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1428 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1429 # 1430 # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1431 # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1432 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1433 # 1434 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1435 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1436 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1437 # minutes we have lost?" 1438 # 1439 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1440 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1441 # to say your prayers in the morning." 1442 1443 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1444 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1445 1446 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1447 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1448 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1449 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1450 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1451 # Government. 1452 1453 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1454 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1455 # 1456 # I was given this link by John Letts: 1457 # <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1458 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1459 # </a> 1460 # 1461 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1462 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1463 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1464 # (12 + 1 hour DST). 1465 1466 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1467 # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1468 # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1469 # </a>: 1470 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1471 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1472 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1473 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1474 # set back an hour on the closing date." 1475 # Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1476 1477 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1478 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1479 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1480 1481 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1482 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1483 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1484 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1485 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1486 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1487 # (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1488 1489 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1490 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1491 1492 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1493 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1494 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1495 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1496 # hour to 1:00am. 1497 1498 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1499 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1500 1501 1502 # Wake 1503 1504 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1505 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1506 # 1507 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1508 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1509 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1510 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1511 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1512 # impossible. 1513 # 1514 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1515 1516 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1517 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1518 1519 ############################################################################### 1520 1521 # The International Date Line 1522 1523 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1524 # 1525 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1526 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1527 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1528 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1529 # 1530 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1531 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1532 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1533 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1534 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1535 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1536 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1537 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1538 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1539 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1540 # correct date is ambiguous. 1541 1542 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1543 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1544 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1545 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1546 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1547 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1548 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1549 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1550 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1551 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1552 # entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1553 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1554 # independent merchant ships until World War II. 1555 1556 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1557 # (2005-03-20): 1558 # 1559 # The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1560 # <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1561 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1562 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.