1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Sun designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara, 21 # CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or 22 # have any questions. 23 # 24 # @(#)europe 8.18 25 # <pre> 26 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 27 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 28 29 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 30 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 31 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 32 33 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 34 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 37 # 38 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 39 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 40 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 41 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 42 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 43 # 44 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 45 # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 46 # 47 # Other sources occasionally used include: 48 # 49 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 50 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 51 # which I found in the UCLA library. 52 # 53 # <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf"> 54 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition 55 # </a> (1914-03) 56 # 57 # Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), 58 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> 59 # History of Summer Time 60 # </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 61 62 # 63 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 64 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 65 # Corrections are welcome! 66 # std dst 2dst 67 # LMT Local Mean Time 68 # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 69 # -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 70 # -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 71 # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 72 # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 73 # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 74 # 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* 75 # 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* 76 # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 77 # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* 78 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 79 # 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow 80 # 81 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, 82 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 83 84 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), 85 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 86 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 87 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 88 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 89 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 90 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 91 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 92 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 93 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 94 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 95 # ... 96 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 97 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 98 # ... 99 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 100 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 101 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 102 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 103 # in the Directive. 104 105 106 ############################################################################### 107 108 # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 109 110 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 111 # 112 # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 113 # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 114 # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 115 # of the text said: 116 # 117 # `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 118 # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 119 # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 120 # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 121 # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 122 # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 123 # along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 124 # 125 # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 126 # position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should 127 # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 128 # 129 # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 130 131 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 132 # 133 # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 134 # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 135 # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 136 # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 137 # and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 138 # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 139 # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 140 # (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 141 # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 142 # adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 143 # The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 144 # and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 145 # railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 146 # clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 147 # on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 148 # one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 149 # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 150 # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 151 # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 152 # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 153 # 154 # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 155 # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 156 # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 157 158 # From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27): 159 # Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 160 # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 161 # who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907) 162 # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 163 # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 164 # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 165 # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 166 # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 167 # it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 168 # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 169 # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in 170 # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular 171 # subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 172 # designed by G. W. Miller, is the the William Willett Memorial Sundial, 173 # which is permanently set to Summer Time. 174 175 # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 176 # It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 177 # summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 178 # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 179 # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 180 # foundations of civilization throughout the world. 181 # -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm"> 182 # "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly 183 # </a> 184 185 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 186 # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' 187 # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 188 # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 189 # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. 190 191 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 192 # 193 # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 194 # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 195 196 # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 197 # From: Jonathan Leffler 198 # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 199 # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 200 # politics making a fortune, not computing. 201 202 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): 203 # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 204 # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 205 # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 206 # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 207 208 # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 209 # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 210 # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 211 # agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 212 213 # From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): 214 # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 215 # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 216 # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 217 # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 218 # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. 219 # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png 220 # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png 221 222 # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 223 # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 224 # which is to be introduced in May.... 225 # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 226 # which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 227 228 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 229 # Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common 230 # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 231 # so we use `BDST'. 232 233 # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 234 # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 235 # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 236 # and extending this list, which can be found in 237 # <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/"> 238 # History of legal time in Britain 239 # </a> 240 241 # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): 242 # 243 # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 244 # see Lord Tanlaw's speech 245 # <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> 246 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) 247 # </a>. 248 249 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 250 # 251 # For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. 252 # 253 # Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger 254 # are incorrect: 255 # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 256 # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 257 # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 258 # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 259 # It actually just had one transition. 260 # * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 261 # Actually, it conformed to Britain. 262 # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 263 # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 264 # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 265 # 266 # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: 267 # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 268 # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 269 # conform with Great Britain. 270 # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 271 # 272 # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; 273 # we'll ignore it for now. 274 # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 275 # 276 # 277 # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than 278 # Shanks & Pottenger. 279 # Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory 280 # (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was 281 # to London. For example: 282 # 283 # "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 284 # -- James Joyce, Ulysses 285 286 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): 287 # Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie. These include 288 # various relating to legal time, for example: 289 # 290 # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html 291 # 292 # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html 293 # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html 294 # 295 # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html 296 # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html 297 # ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html 298 # 299 # ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html 300 # ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html 301 # ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html 302 # 303 # [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is 304 # <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] 305 # 306 # (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these 307 # should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 308 # the laws applicable in Ireland.) 309 # 310 # (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 311 # in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 312 # is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 313 # being GMT+1.) 314 315 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 316 # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 317 # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 318 # (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 319 # Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 320 # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 321 # and Frethun run in CT. 322 # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 323 # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 324 # and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 325 # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 326 # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 327 # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 328 329 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 330 # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 331 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. 332 # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 333 # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 334 # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 335 # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 336 337 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 338 # Summer Time Act, 1916 339 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 340 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 341 # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 342 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 343 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 344 # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 345 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 346 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 347 # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 348 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 349 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 350 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 351 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 352 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 353 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 354 # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 355 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 356 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 357 # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 358 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 359 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 360 # The Summer Time Act, 1922 361 Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 362 Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 363 Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 364 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 365 # The Summer Time Act, 1925 366 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 367 Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 368 Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 369 Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 370 Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 371 Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 372 Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 373 Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 374 Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 375 Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 376 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 377 # S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 378 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 379 # S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 380 Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 381 # S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 382 Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 383 Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 384 # S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 385 Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 386 # S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 387 Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 388 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 389 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 390 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 391 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 392 Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 393 Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 394 # The Summer Time Act, 1947 395 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 396 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 397 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 398 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 399 # Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 400 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 401 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 402 # Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 403 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 404 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 405 # Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 406 # Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 407 # Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 408 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 409 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 410 # revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 411 Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 412 Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 413 Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 414 Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 415 Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 416 Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 417 Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 418 # Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 419 # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 420 # Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 421 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 422 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 423 # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 424 # Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 425 # Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 426 Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 427 # Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 428 Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 429 # The British Standard Time Act, 1968 430 # (no summer time) 431 # The Summer Time Act, 1972 432 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 433 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 434 # Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 435 # Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 436 # Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 437 # Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 438 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 439 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 440 # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 441 # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 442 # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 443 Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 444 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 445 # See EU for rules starting in 1996. 446 447 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 448 Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 449 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 450 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 451 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 452 0:00 EU GMT/BST 453 Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey 454 Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey 455 Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man 456 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 457 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 458 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 459 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 460 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 461 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 462 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 463 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 464 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 465 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 466 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 467 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 468 0:00 EU GMT/IST 469 470 ############################################################################### 471 472 # Europe 473 474 # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 475 # Common Market, etc. 476 477 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 478 Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 479 Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 480 Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 481 Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 482 Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 483 Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 484 # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 485 # <a="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT"> 486 # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 487 # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. 488 # </a> 489 490 # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 491 Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 492 Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 493 Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 494 Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 495 Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 496 Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 497 498 # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 499 # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 500 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 501 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 502 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 503 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 504 Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 505 Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 506 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 507 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 508 Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 509 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 510 Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 511 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13): 512 # 513 # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s 514 # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was 515 # corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the 516 # tz database itself, as seen below: 517 # 518 # Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 519 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 520 # 521 # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 522 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 523 # 524 # Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 525 # 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 526 # 527 # Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 528 # Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 529 # Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 530 # 531 # The rule line to be changed is: 532 # 533 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - 534 # 535 # It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on 536 # 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no 537 # countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items 538 # affected are apparently these ficticious zones that translates acronyms 539 # CET and MET: 540 # 541 # Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 542 # Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 543 # 544 # It this is right then the corrected version would look like: 545 # 546 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 547 # 548 # A small step for mankind though 8-) 549 Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 550 Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 551 Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 552 Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 553 Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 554 Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 555 Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 556 557 # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 558 Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 559 Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 560 Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 561 Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 562 Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 563 Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 564 565 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 566 Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 567 Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 568 Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 569 Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 570 Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 571 Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 572 Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - 573 Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 574 Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 575 Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S 576 Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 577 # Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 578 Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 579 Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 580 # Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 581 # Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 582 Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 583 Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 584 # 585 Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 586 Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 587 Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 588 Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 589 Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 590 591 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 592 593 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 594 Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 595 Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 596 Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 597 Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 598 599 # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 600 # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 601 602 # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): 603 # The official German names ... are 604 # 605 # Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 606 # Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 607 # 608 # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 609 # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 610 # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 611 # 612 # Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 613 # Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 614 # Postfach 3345 615 # D-38023 Braunschweig 616 # phone: +49 531 592-0 617 # 618 # ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 619 # department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 620 # PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 621 # 622 # Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 623 # Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 624 625 626 # Albania 627 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 628 Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 629 Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 630 Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 631 Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 632 Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 633 Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 634 Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 635 Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 636 Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 637 Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 638 Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 639 Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 640 Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 641 Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 642 Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 643 Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 644 Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 645 Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 646 Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 647 Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 648 Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 649 Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 650 Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 651 Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 652 Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 653 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 654 Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 655 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 656 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 657 1:00 EU CE%sT 658 659 # Andorra 660 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 661 Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 662 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 663 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 664 1:00 EU CE%sT 665 666 # Austria 667 668 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and 669 # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 670 # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 671 # date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 672 # Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, 673 # and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. 674 675 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 676 Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 677 Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 678 Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 679 Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 680 Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 681 Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 682 Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 683 Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 684 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 685 Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr 686 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 687 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 688 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 689 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 690 1:00 - CET 1946 691 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 692 1:00 EU CE%sT 693 694 # Belarus 695 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 696 Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 697 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 698 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 699 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 700 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 701 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 702 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 703 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 704 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s 705 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s 706 2:00 Russia EE%sT 707 708 # Belgium 709 # 710 # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 711 # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 712 # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 713 # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 714 # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 715 # pp 8-9. 716 # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 717 # Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 718 # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. 719 # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 720 # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 721 # 722 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 723 Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 724 Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 725 Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 726 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 727 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 728 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 729 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 730 Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 731 Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 732 Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 733 Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 734 Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 735 # DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 736 # Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 737 # to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 738 # changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 739 Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 740 Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 741 Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 742 Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 743 Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 744 Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 745 Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 746 Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 747 Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 748 Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 749 Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 750 Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 751 Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 752 Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 753 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 754 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 755 Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 756 Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 757 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 758 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 759 Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 760 Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 761 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 762 Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 763 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 764 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 765 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 766 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 767 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 768 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 769 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 770 1:00 EU CE%sT 771 772 # Bosnia and Herzegovina 773 # see Serbia 774 775 # Bulgaria 776 # 777 # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 778 # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 779 # EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 780 # EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 781 # 782 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 783 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 784 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 785 Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S 786 Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 787 Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 788 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 789 Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 790 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 791 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 792 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 793 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 794 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 795 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 796 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 797 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 798 2:00 EU EE%sT 799 800 # Croatia 801 # see Serbia 802 803 # Cyprus 804 # Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. 805 806 # Czech Republic 807 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 808 Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 809 Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 810 Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 811 Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 812 Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 813 Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 814 Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 815 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 816 Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 817 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 818 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 819 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 820 1:00 EU CE%sT 821 822 # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland 823 824 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 825 # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law 826 # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 827 # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL 828 # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 829 # 830 # The EU treaty with effect from 1973: 831 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL 832 # 833 # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 834 # in subsequenet decrees with the law 835 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL 836 # 837 # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 838 # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 839 # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 840 # 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 841 # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 842 # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 843 # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 844 # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 845 # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 846 # was suspended on that night): 847 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL 848 849 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 850 # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 851 # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 852 853 # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 854 # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 855 # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 856 857 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 858 Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 859 Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 860 Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 861 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 862 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 863 Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 864 Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 865 Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 866 Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 867 Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 868 Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 869 # 870 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 871 Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 872 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 873 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 874 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 875 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 876 1:00 EU CE%sT 877 Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 878 0:00 - WET 1981 879 0:00 EU WE%sT 880 # 881 # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): 882 # During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in 883 # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. 884 # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. 885 # 886 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 887 # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 888 # and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 889 # rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab 890 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 891 # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 892 893 # From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing 894 # <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 895 # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: 896 # 897 # Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 898 # is according to the following time line: 899 # 900 # The military zone near Thule UTC-4 901 # Standard Greenland time UTC-3 902 # Scoresbysund UTC-1 903 # Danmarkshavn UTC 904 # 905 # In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 906 # introduced. 907 908 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): 909 # 910 # I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 911 # the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 912 # not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 913 # info from earlier correspondence.] 914 # 915 # According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 916 # Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 917 # savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... 918 # 919 # The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund 920 # uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. 921 # There are just a few stations on this coast, including the 922 # Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th 923 # email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in 924 # Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the 925 # DPC research station at Zackenberg. 926 # 927 # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use 928 # the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab). 929 # 930 # The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it 931 # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time 932 # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. 933 # 934 # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and 935 # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators 936 # maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of 937 # this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be 938 # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. 939 940 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): 941 # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place 942 # there at 2:00 AM. 943 944 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 945 # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; 946 # the 1995 map as like Godthab. 947 # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996. 948 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, 949 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. 950 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. 951 # 952 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 953 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 954 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 955 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 956 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 957 Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 958 Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 959 # 960 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 961 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 962 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 963 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 964 0:00 - GMT 965 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 966 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 967 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 968 -1:00 EU EG%sT 969 Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 970 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 971 -3:00 EU WG%sT 972 Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 973 -4:00 Thule A%sT 974 975 # Estonia 976 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 977 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 978 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 979 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 980 # 981 # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 982 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 983 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 984 # ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 985 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 986 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 987 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 988 # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 989 # summer time next spring.'' 990 991 # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 992 # <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> 993 # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 994 # </a> 995 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 996 # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). 997 # 998 # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 999 # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 1000 # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 1001 1002 # From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09) 1003 # via Steffen Thorsen: 1004 # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 1005 # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 1006 # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 1007 # Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 1008 # for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 1009 # after that. 1010 1011 # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 1012 # Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 1013 # no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 1014 # the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 1015 1016 # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): 1017 # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. 1018 # Now we are using again EU rules. 1019 # 1020 # From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28): 1021 # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. 1022 1023 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1024 Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1025 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1026 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1027 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 1028 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 1029 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1030 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 1031 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1032 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 1033 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 1034 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 1035 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 1036 2:00 EU EE%sT 1037 1038 # Finland 1039 # 1040 # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 1041 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1042 # and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1043 # 1044 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1045 # Shanks & Pottenger say Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time 1046 # since 1981. Go with Strang instead. 1047 # 1048 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1049 Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1050 Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1051 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1052 Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 1053 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1054 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00 1055 2:00 EU EE%sT 1056 1057 # Aaland Is 1058 Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn 1059 1060 1061 # France 1062 1063 # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 1064 # 1065 # Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions 1066 # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 1067 # 1068 # Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur, 1069 # Paris, 1991 1070 # 1071 # Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie, 1072 # Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987 1073 1074 1075 # 1076 # Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. 1077 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1078 Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1079 Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 1080 Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1081 Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1082 Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1083 Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1084 Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 1085 Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1086 Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 1087 Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1088 # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 1089 # Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 1090 # were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1091 Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1092 Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1093 Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1094 Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 1095 Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1096 Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1097 Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1098 Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1099 Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 1100 Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1101 Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1102 Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1103 Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1104 Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1105 Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1106 Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1107 Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1108 Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1109 Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1110 Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1111 # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger 1112 # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 1113 # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez, 1114 # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La 1115 # Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes, 1116 # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 1117 # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois, 1118 # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe). 1119 Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1120 # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 1121 # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), 1122 # who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 1123 # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 1124 Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 1125 Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 1126 Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 1127 Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 1128 Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 1129 Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 1130 Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 1131 Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 1132 Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1133 # Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 1134 # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 1135 Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 1136 Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 1137 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, 1138 # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 1139 # Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 1140 # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 1141 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1142 Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 1143 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT 1144 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 1145 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 1146 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 1147 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1148 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 1149 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1150 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1151 1:00 EU CE%sT 1152 1153 # Germany 1154 1155 # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): 1156 # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 1157 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 1158 # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] 1159 1160 # From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1161 # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by 1162 # <a href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/"> 1163 # General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>. 1164 1165 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 1166 # <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf"> 1167 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf 1168 # </a> 1169 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 1170 # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1171 # this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. 1172 1173 1174 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1175 Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 1176 Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1177 Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1178 # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition 1179 # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. 1180 # Go with the PTB. 1181 Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S 1182 Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 1183 Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 1184 Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1185 Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1186 1187 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1188 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S 1189 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1190 1191 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1192 Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1193 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1194 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 1195 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 1196 1:00 EU CE%sT 1197 1198 # Georgia 1199 # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. 1200 # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) 1201 # is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. 1202 1203 # Gibraltar 1204 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1205 Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s 1206 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 1207 1:00 - CET 1982 1208 1:00 EU CE%sT 1209 1210 # Greece 1211 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1212 # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1213 Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 1214 Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1215 # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1216 Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 1217 # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1218 Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1219 Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 1220 Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1221 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1222 Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1223 Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 1224 Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 1225 Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 1226 Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 1227 Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 1228 Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1229 Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 1230 Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 1231 Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 1232 Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1233 Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1234 Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1235 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1236 Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 1237 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 1238 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1239 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 1240 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1241 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; 1242 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 1243 2:00 EU EE%sT 1244 1245 # Hungary 1246 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1247 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 1248 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - 1249 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 1250 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - 1251 Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S 1252 Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1253 Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 1254 Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - 1255 Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 1256 Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1257 Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 1258 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1259 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 1260 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 1261 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1262 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1263 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1264 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 1265 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1266 Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 1267 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1268 Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 1269 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1270 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 1271 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1272 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1273 1:00 EU CE%sT 1274 1275 # Iceland 1276 # 1277 # From Adam David (1993-11-06): 1278 # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1279 # 1280 # (1993-12-05): 1281 # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1282 # Iceland Almanak. 1283 # 1284 # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1285 # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 1286 # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 1287 # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 1288 # 1289 # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 1290 # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 1291 # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 1292 # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 1293 # 1294 # (1993-12-10): 1295 # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 1296 # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1297 # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1298 # the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1299 # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1300 # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1301 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 1302 # might mean something else (???). 1303 # 1304 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1305 # The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points. 1306 # We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely 1307 # that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. 1308 # 1309 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1310 Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 1311 Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1312 Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1313 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 1314 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - 1315 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1316 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - 1317 Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1318 Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - 1319 Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S 1320 Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - 1321 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 1322 Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1323 Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1324 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 1325 Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1326 # 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week 1327 Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 1328 Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1329 Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 1330 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1331 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 1332 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? 1333 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1334 0:00 - GMT 1335 1336 # Italy 1337 # 1338 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 1339 # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 1340 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). 1341 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 1342 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 1343 # so record only the time in Rome. 1344 # 1345 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1346 # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and 1347 # F. Pollastri 1348 # <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html"> 1349 # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) 1350 # </a> 1351 # (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 1352 # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 1353 # 1354 # year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 1355 # 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 1356 # 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1357 # 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 1358 # 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 1359 # 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 1360 # 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 1361 # 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 1362 # 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1363 # 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 1364 # 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1365 # 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) 1366 # 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1367 # 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1368 # 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 1369 # 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 1370 # 1371 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1372 Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 1373 Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1374 Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1375 Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1376 Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S 1377 Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1378 Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 1379 Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1380 Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - 1381 Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 1382 Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - 1383 Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 1384 Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - 1385 Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1386 Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 1387 Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 1388 Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1389 Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1390 Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1391 Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1392 Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 1393 Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1394 Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S 1395 Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1396 Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1397 Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1398 Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1399 Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S 1400 Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1401 Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 1402 Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1403 Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1404 Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1405 Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1406 Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1407 Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1408 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1409 Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 1410 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean 1411 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1412 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 1413 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1414 1:00 EU CE%sT 1415 1416 Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1417 Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1418 1419 # Latvia 1420 1421 # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): 1422 1423 # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 1424 # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 1425 # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 1426 # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 1427 # 1428 # Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 1429 # according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 1430 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1431 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 1432 # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 1433 # 1434 # Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 1435 # according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 1436 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1437 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1438 # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 1439 # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 1440 # 1441 # Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 1442 # according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 1443 # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 1444 # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 1445 # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 1446 # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1447 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 1448 # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 1449 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 1450 # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 1451 # 1452 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 1453 # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 1454 # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 1455 1456 # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 1457 # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 1458 # <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> 1459 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 1460 # 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). 1461 1462 # <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html"> 1463 # From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 1464 # </a> 1465 # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 1466 # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 1467 # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 1468 # clocks one hour in the spring.... 1469 # Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few 1470 # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 1471 # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 1472 # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 1473 # urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 1474 # appears that they will not do so.... 1475 1476 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1477 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1478 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1479 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1480 Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 1481 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time 1482 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer 1483 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1484 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1485 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 1486 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1487 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1488 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 1489 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1490 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1491 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1492 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1493 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 1494 2:00 EU EE%sT 1495 1496 # Liechtenstein 1497 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1498 Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 1499 1:00 - CET 1981 1500 1:00 EU CE%sT 1501 1502 # Lithuania 1503 1504 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1505 # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1506 # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1507 1508 # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 1509 # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1510 # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1511 1512 # From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), 1513 # via Steffen Thorsen: 1514 # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 1515 # to be valid here starting from October 31, 1516 # as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 1517 # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 1518 # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 1519 # already done by Estonia. 1520 1521 # From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm"> 1522 # Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 1523 # </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 1524 1525 # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 1526 # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 1527 # observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 1528 # down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 1529 # neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 1530 # 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 1531 # http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 1532 1533 1534 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1535 Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1536 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1537 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1538 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 1539 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1540 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1541 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1542 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1543 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1544 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1545 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 1546 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1547 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 1548 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 1549 2:00 EU EE%sT 1550 1551 # Luxembourg 1552 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; 1553 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1554 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1555 Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1556 Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1557 Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1558 Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1559 Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1560 Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 1561 Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 1562 Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 1563 Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 1564 Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 1565 Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 1566 Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 1567 Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 1568 Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1569 Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 1570 Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 1571 Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 1572 Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1573 Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1574 Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 1575 Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 1576 Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 1577 Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 1578 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1579 Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1580 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1581 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1582 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1583 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1584 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1585 1:00 EU CE%sT 1586 1587 # Macedonia 1588 # see Serbia 1589 1590 # Malta 1591 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1592 Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1593 Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1594 Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1595 Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1596 Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1597 Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1598 Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1599 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1600 Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta 1601 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1602 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1603 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1604 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1605 1:00 EU CE%sT 1606 1607 # Moldova 1608 1609 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1610 # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write 1611 # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 1612 # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 1613 # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 1614 # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 1615 # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 1616 # But [two people] separately reported via 1617 # Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 1618 # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1619 1620 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1621 Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1622 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1623 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1624 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1625 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1626 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1627 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1628 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 1629 2:00 - EET 1991 1630 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 1631 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1632 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 1633 2:00 EU EE%sT 1634 1635 # Monaco 1636 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1637 # more precise 0:09:21. 1638 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1639 Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1640 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1641 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1642 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1643 1:00 EU CE%sT 1644 1645 # Montenegro 1646 # see Serbia 1647 1648 # Netherlands 1649 1650 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1651 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1652 1653 # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 1654 # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 1655 # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 1656 # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 1657 # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 1658 # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 1659 # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 1660 # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 1661 # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 1662 # 1663 # (2001-04-08): 1664 # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 1665 # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 1666 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 1667 # 1668 # (2001-04-09): 1669 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 1670 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 1671 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 1672 # actually followed. 1673 # 1674 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 1675 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 1676 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 1677 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 1678 # adopted Amsterdam mean time. 1679 # 1680 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 1681 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 1682 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 1683 # Amsterdam mean time. 1684 1685 # The data before 1945 are taken from 1686 # <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>. 1687 1688 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1689 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1690 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 1691 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1692 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1693 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1694 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT 1695 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1696 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 1697 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1698 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1699 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1700 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 1701 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. 1702 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1703 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1704 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1705 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1706 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1707 Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1708 Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1709 Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1710 Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1711 # 1712 # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted 1713 # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. 1714 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1715 Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 1716 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 1717 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 1718 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1719 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1720 1:00 EU CE%sT 1721 1722 # Norway 1723 # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & 1724 # Pottenger. 1725 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1726 Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1727 Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1728 Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1729 Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1730 Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1731 Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1732 Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1733 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1734 Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1735 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1736 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1737 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1738 1:00 EU CE%sT 1739 1740 # Svalbard & Jan Mayen 1741 1742 # From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 1743 # Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 1744 # Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 1745 # time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 1746 # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 1747 # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 1748 # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and 1749 # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation 1750 # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 1751 # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 1752 # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 1753 # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been 1754 # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 1755 # before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by 1756 # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 1757 # since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 1758 # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 1759 # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 1760 1761 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01): 1762 # 1763 # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 1764 # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 1765 # keeping Berlin time. 1766 # 1767 # <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 1768 # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 1769 # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 1770 # frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 1771 # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 1772 # the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 1773 # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 1774 # 1775 # Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 1776 # Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 1777 # <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 1778 # <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 1779 # expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 1780 # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 1781 # <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html> 1782 # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 1783 # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 1784 # 1785 # All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can 1786 # come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the 1787 # war years it's probably best just do do the following for now: 1788 Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 1789 1790 # Poland 1791 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1792 Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1793 Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1794 Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 1795 # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1796 Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1797 # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1798 Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 1799 Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1800 # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, 1801 # Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., 1802 # <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1> 1803 # Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. 1804 # He also gives these further references: 1805 # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> 1806 # Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> 1807 Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S 1808 Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1809 Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 1810 Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1811 Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1812 Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1813 Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1814 Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1815 Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 1816 Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 1817 Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 1818 Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 1819 Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 1820 Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1821 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1822 Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 1823 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 1824 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 1825 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 1826 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1827 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1828 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 1829 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 1830 1:00 EU CE%sT 1831 1832 # Portugal 1833 # 1834 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): 1835 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 1836 # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 1837 # 1838 # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 1839 # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 1840 # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 1841 # 1842 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 1843 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 1844 # at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 1845 # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 1846 # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 1847 # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 1848 # harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 1849 # 1850 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1851 # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 1852 # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 1853 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1854 Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 1855 # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1856 Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 1857 Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1858 Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 1859 Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1860 Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1861 Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1862 Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1863 Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 1864 Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 1865 Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1866 Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1867 Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1868 Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1869 Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1870 Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1871 # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1872 Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1873 Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1874 Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1875 # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1876 Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1877 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 1878 Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1879 Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1880 # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1881 Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1882 Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1883 Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1884 # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1885 Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1886 Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1887 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 1888 Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 1889 Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 1890 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 1891 Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 1892 Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 1893 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 1894 Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 1895 Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 1896 Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 1897 Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 1898 Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1899 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1900 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1901 # Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 1902 # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1903 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1904 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1905 Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 1906 Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 1907 Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 1908 Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1909 Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1910 Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 1911 Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 1912 Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1913 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1914 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24; 1915 # Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett. 1916 Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 1917 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time 1918 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 1919 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 1920 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1921 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 1922 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 1923 0:00 EU WE%sT 1924 Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 1925 -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time 1926 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 1927 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1928 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 1929 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 1930 -1:00 EU AZO%sT 1931 Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 1932 -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time 1933 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 1934 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1935 0:00 EU WE%sT 1936 1937 # Romania 1938 # 1939 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 1940 # <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html"> 1941 # Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 1942 # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 1943 # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 1944 # the same year as Bulgaria. 1945 # 1946 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1947 Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1948 Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1949 Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 1950 Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 1951 Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1952 Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1953 Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1954 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 1955 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1956 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1957 Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 1958 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1959 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 1960 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 1961 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 1962 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1963 2:00 EU EE%sT 1964 1965 # Russia 1966 1967 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1968 # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 1969 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 1970 # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, 1971 # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 1972 # 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 1973 # 1974 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 1975 # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 1976 # I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 1977 # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 1978 # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 1979 # 1980 # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): 1981 # `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 1982 # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 1983 # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 1984 # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 1985 # 1986 # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 1987 # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 1988 # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 1989 # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 1990 # 1991 # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 1992 # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 1993 # News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 1994 # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 1995 # the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began 1996 # enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 1997 # 1998 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 1999 # There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 2000 # UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 2001 # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 2002 # until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 2003 # since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 2004 # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 2005 # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 2006 # 2007 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2008 # 2009 # Kaliningradskaya oblast'. 2010 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 2011 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2012 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 2013 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2014 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2015 # 2016 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2017 # Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', 2018 # Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast', 2019 # Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast', 2020 # Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya, 2021 # Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya, 2022 # Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya, 2023 # Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi, 2024 # Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast', 2025 # Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El, 2026 # Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast', 2027 # Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug, 2028 # Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast', 2029 # Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast', 2030 # Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, 2031 # Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast', 2032 # Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan, 2033 # Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast', 2034 # Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast', 2035 # Yaroslavskaya oblast' 2036 Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 2037 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 2038 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2039 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2040 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2041 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2042 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2043 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2044 # 2045 # Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast', 2046 # Volgogradskaya oblast'. Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 2047 # but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300. Perhaps it switched after the 2048 # others? But we have no data. 2049 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 2050 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time 2051 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time 2052 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11 2053 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T 2054 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2055 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2056 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 2057 # 2058 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2059 # Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika 2060 Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2061 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 2062 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27 2063 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev 2064 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2065 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2066 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 2067 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time 2068 # 2069 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2070 # Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug, 2071 # Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast', 2072 # Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast', 2073 # Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast', 2074 # Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug. 2075 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 2076 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 2077 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2078 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2079 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time 2080 # 2081 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2082 # Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'. 2083 Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 2084 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme 2085 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2086 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2087 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2088 # 2089 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's 2090 # not clear when it switched from +7 to +6. 2091 # Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'. 2092 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 2093 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 2094 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2095 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2096 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. 2097 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2098 2099 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): 2100 # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on 2101 # March 28, 2010: 2102 # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 2103 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 2104 # 2105 # This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September 2106 # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth 2107 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) 2108 # 2109 # Russian Government web site (Russian language) 2110 # <a href="http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archiv"> 2111 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm 2112 # </a> 2113 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference 2114 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 2115 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html"> 2116 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html 2117 # </a> 2118 # 2119 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 2120 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. 2121 # 2122 # As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as 2123 # Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic. 2124 2125 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - NMT 1920 Jan 6 2126 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2127 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2128 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2129 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2130 6:00 Russia NOV%sT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time 2131 2132 # 2133 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2134 # Krasnoyarskij kraj, 2135 # Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, 2136 # Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug. 2137 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 2138 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2139 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2140 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2141 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2142 # 2143 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2144 # Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast', 2145 # Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug. 2146 Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 2147 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 2148 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 2149 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2150 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2151 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2152 # 2153 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 2154 # Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast', 2155 # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'. 2156 # The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij, 2157 # Bulunskij, Verkhnekolymskij, Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj, 2158 # Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij, 2159 # Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenekskij, Olekminskij, Srednekolymskij, 2160 # Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij, 2161 # Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij. 2162 Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2163 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2164 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2165 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2166 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2167 # 2168 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 2169 # Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj, 2170 # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). 2171 # The Sakha districts are: Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij, 2172 # Ust'-Yanskij. 2173 Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 2174 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 2175 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2176 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2177 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2178 # 2179 # Sakhalinskaya oblast'. 2180 # The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 2181 Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 2182 9:00 - CJT 1938 2183 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 2184 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T. 2185 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2186 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 2187 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2188 # 2189 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 2190 # Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). 2191 # Probably also: Kuril Islands. 2192 # The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Momskij, 2193 # Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij. 2194 Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2195 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 2196 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2197 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2198 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2199 # 2200 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2201 # Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug. 2202 # 2203 # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. 2204 Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 2205 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 2206 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2207 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2208 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2209 # 2210 # Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug 2211 Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 2212 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 2213 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 2214 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2215 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2216 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2217 2218 # Serbia 2219 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2220 Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 2221 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 2222 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2223 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 2224 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 2225 # Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of 2226 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 2227 # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. 2228 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 2229 1:00 EU CE%sT 2230 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 2231 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro 2232 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 2233 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 2234 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 2235 2236 # Slovakia 2237 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 2238 2239 # Slovenia 2240 # see Serbia 2241 2242 # Spain 2243 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2244 # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; 2245 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2246 Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2247 Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 2248 Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2249 Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2250 # Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2251 Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2252 # Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2253 Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 2254 Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2255 # Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2256 Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2257 Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 2258 Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 2259 Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2260 # Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; 2261 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2262 Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 2263 Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2264 Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 2265 Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2266 Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2267 # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2268 Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2269 Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 2270 Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 2271 Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 2272 Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 2273 Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 2274 Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2275 Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 2276 Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 2277 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 2278 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 2279 Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 2280 Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2281 Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 2282 Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2283 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 2284 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 2285 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2286 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 2287 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2288 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2289 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2290 Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2291 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2292 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 2293 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2294 Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s 2295 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 2296 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 2297 1:00 EU CE%sT 2298 Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 2299 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 2300 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 2301 0:00 - WET 1924 2302 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 2303 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 2304 1:00 - CET 1986 2305 1:00 EU CE%sT 2306 Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 2307 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time 2308 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 2309 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 2310 0:00 EU WE%sT 2311 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 2312 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 2313 2314 # Sweden 2315 2316 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: 2317 # 2318 # The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 2319 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 2320 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 2321 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 2322 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 2323 # 2324 # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" 2325 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 2326 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 2327 # 2328 # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 2329 # forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 2330 # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 2331 # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 2332 # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 2333 # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 2334 # 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 2335 # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 2336 # 2337 # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states 2338 # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 2339 # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 2340 # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 2341 # 2342 # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 2343 # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 2344 # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 2345 # in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 2346 # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 2347 # the Sok-button). 2348 # 2349 # (2001-05-13): 2350 # 2351 # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 2352 # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 2353 # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 2354 # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 2355 # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 2356 # hour before the event took place. 2357 # 2358 # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 2359 2360 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2361 Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 2362 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 2363 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 2364 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00 2365 1:00 - CET 1980 2366 1:00 EU CE%sT 2367 2368 # Switzerland 2369 # From Howse: 2370 # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 2371 # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 2372 # mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... 2373 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2374 # From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): 2375 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 2376 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 2377 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 2378 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 2379 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 2380 2381 # From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 2382 # I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. 2383 # 2384 # As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values 2385 # to be wrong. This is now verified. 2386 # 2387 # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal 2388 # government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss 2389 # federal law collection)... 2390 # 2391 # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am 2392 # DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. 2393 # 2394 # DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am 2395 # DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am 2396 # 2397 # There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. 2398 # It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law 2399 # collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any 2400 # other years are made. 2401 # 2402 # Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported 2403 # about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous 2404 # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such 2405 # a thing had happened in Switzerland. 2406 # 2407 # I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de 2408 # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is 2409 # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled 2410 # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. 2411 # 2412 # The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 2413 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 2414 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 2415 # 2416 # The 1940 rules must be deleted. 2417 # 2418 # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for 2419 # most users of tzdata: 2420 # The zone file 2421 # Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 2422 # 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun #Bern Mean Time 2423 # 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 2424 # 1:00 EU CE%sT 2425 # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 2426 # the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not 2427 # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 2428 # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. 2429 2430 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2431 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 2432 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 2433 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2434 Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 2435 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 2436 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 2437 1:00 EU CE%sT 2438 2439 # Turkey 2440 2441 # From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03): 2442 # The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now. 2443 # ... The latest rules are available at - 2444 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107 2445 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03): 2446 # I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that 2447 # DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure 2448 # what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001: 2449 # http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm 2450 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT 2451 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM 2452 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016 2453 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021 2454 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027 2455 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03): 2456 # Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990. 2457 2458 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): 2459 # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC 2460 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): 2461 # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp 2462 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: 2463 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm 2464 # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document 2465 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: 2466 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm 2467 2468 # From Sue Williams (2008-08-11): 2469 # I spotted this news article about a potential change in Turkey. 2470 # 2471 # <a href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/domestic/9626174.asp?scr=1"> 2472 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/domestic/9626174.asp?scr=1 2473 # </a> 2474 2475 # From Sue Williams (2008-08-20): 2476 # This article says that around the end of March 2011, Turkey wants to 2477 # adjust the clocks forward by 1/2 hour and stay that way permanently. 2478 # The article indicates that this is a change in timezone offset in addition 2479 # to stopping observance of DST. 2480 # This proposal has not yet been approved. 2481 # 2482 # Read more here... 2483 # 2484 # Turkey to abandon daylight saving time in 2011 2485 # <a href="http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=112989"> 2486 # http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=112989 2487 # </a> 2488 2489 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2490 Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2491 Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2492 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 2493 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 2494 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 2495 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 2496 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2497 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2498 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; 2499 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2500 Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 2501 Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2502 Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2503 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 2504 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 2505 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 2506 Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2507 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2508 # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; 2509 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2510 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2511 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 2512 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2513 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2514 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2515 Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 2516 Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2517 Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 2518 Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 2519 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 2520 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2521 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 2522 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2523 Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 2524 Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2525 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 2526 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2527 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 2528 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 2529 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2530 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 2531 Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 2532 Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 2533 Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2534 Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2535 Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 2536 Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 2537 Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 2538 Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 2539 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 2540 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 2541 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 2542 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2543 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2544 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 2545 Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2546 Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2547 Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2548 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2549 Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 2550 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 2551 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 2552 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 2553 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 2554 2:00 EU EE%sT 2555 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 2556 2557 # Ukraine 2558 # 2559 # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice, 2560 # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 2561 # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment 2562 # regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 2563 # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 2564 # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 2565 # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 2566 2567 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2568 # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 2569 # "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2570 # "Kiev" is more common in English. 2571 Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 2572 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 2573 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2574 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 2575 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 2576 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2577 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2578 2:00 - EET 1992 2579 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2580 2:00 EU EE%sT 2581 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 2582 # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2583 # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. 2584 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 2585 1:00 - CET 1940 2586 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 2587 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 2588 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 2589 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2590 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2591 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 2592 2:00 - EET 1992 2593 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2594 2:00 EU EE%sT 2595 # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 2596 # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2597 # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English 2598 # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in 2599 # portable Posix file names. 2600 Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 2601 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 2602 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2603 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 2604 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 2605 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2606 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2607 2:00 EU EE%sT 2608 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 2609 Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2610 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 2611 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2612 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 2613 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 2614 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2615 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2616 2:00 - EET 1992 2617 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2618 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 2619 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2620 # Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened 2621 # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 2622 # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2623 # changed in May. 2624 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 2625 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 2626 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 2627 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 2628 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 2629 # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 2630 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 2631 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 2632 2:00 EU EE%sT 2633 2634 ############################################################################### 2635 2636 # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 2637 # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 2638 # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 2639 # 2640 # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 2641 # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 2642 # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 2643 # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 2644 # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 2645 # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 2646 2647 # ... 2648 # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 2649 # From: Tom Hofmann 2650 # ... 2651 # 2652 # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 2653 # most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only 2654 # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 2655 # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 2656 # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 2657 # years... 2658 # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 2659 # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 2660 # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 2661 # lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. 2662 # 2663 # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 2664 # Soviet Union (as far as I know). 2665 # 2666 # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 2667 # 4002 Basle, Switzerland 2668 # ... 2669 2670 # ... 2671 # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 2672 # From: Dik T. Winter 2673 # ... 2674 # 2675 # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 2676 # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 2677 # about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 2678 # 2679 # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 2680 # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 2681 # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 2682 # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 2683 # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 2684 # the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 2685 # dates... 2686 # 2687 # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 2688 # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 2689 # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 2690 # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 2691 # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 2692 # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 2693 # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 2694 # in advance of normal time. 2695 # 2696 # ... 2697 # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 2698 # ... 2699 2700 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 2701 # ... 2702 # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 2703 # Since 1978. Change at midnight. 2704 # ... 2705 # Monaco: has same DST as France. 2706 # ...