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  23 #
  24 # @(#)southamerica      8.29
  25 # <pre>
  26 
  27 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
  28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
  29 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
  30 
  31 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
  32 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
  33 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
  34 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
  35 #
  36 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
  37 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
  38 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
  39 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
  40 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
  41 #
  42 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
  43 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
  44 #
  45 # Earlier editions of these tables used the North American style (e.g. ARST and
  46 # ARDT for Argentine Standard and Daylight Time), but the following quote
  47 # suggests that it's better to use European style (e.g. ART and ARST).
  48 #       I suggest the use of _Summer time_ instead of the more cumbersome
  49 #       _daylight-saving time_.  _Summer time_ seems to be in general use
  50 #       in Europe and South America.
  51 #       -- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
  52 #       H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
  53 #
  54 # Earlier editions of these tables also used the North American style
  55 # for time zones in Brazil, but this was incorrect, as Brazilians say
  56 # "summer time".  Reinaldo Goulart, a Sao Paulo businessman active in
  57 # the railroad sector, writes (1999-07-06):
  58 #       The subject of time zones is currently a matter of discussion/debate in
  59 #       Brazil.  Let's say that "the Brasilia time" is considered the
  60 #       "official time" because Brasilia is the capital city.
  61 #       The other three time zones are called "Brasilia time "minus one" or
  62 #       "plus one" or "plus two".  As far as I know there is no such
  63 #       name/designation as "Eastern Time" or "Central Time".
  64 # So I invented the following (English-language) abbreviations for now.
  65 # Corrections are welcome!
  66 #               std     dst
  67 #       -2:00   FNT     FNST    Fernando de Noronha
  68 #       -3:00   BRT     BRST    Brasilia
  69 #       -4:00   AMT     AMST    Amazon
  70 #       -5:00   ACT     ACST    Acre
  71 
  72 ###############################################################################
  73 
  74 ###############################################################################
  75 
  76 # Argentina
  77 
  78 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
  79 # Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
  80 # Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974.  Switches at midnight.
  81 
  82 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-199):
  83 # ARGENTINA           3 H BEHIND   UTC
  84 
  85 # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
  86 # I am sending modifications to the Argentine time zone table...
  87 # AR was chosen because they are the ISO letters that represent Argentina.
  88 
  89 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
  90 Rule    Arg     1930    only    -       Dec      1      0:00    1:00    S
  91 Rule    Arg     1931    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
  92 Rule    Arg     1931    only    -       Oct     15      0:00    1:00    S
  93 Rule    Arg     1932    1940    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
  94 Rule    Arg     1932    1939    -       Nov      1      0:00    1:00    S
  95 Rule    Arg     1940    only    -       Jul      1      0:00    1:00    S
  96 Rule    Arg     1941    only    -       Jun     15      0:00    0       -
  97 Rule    Arg     1941    only    -       Oct     15      0:00    1:00    S
  98 Rule    Arg     1943    only    -       Aug      1      0:00    0       -
  99 Rule    Arg     1943    only    -       Oct     15      0:00    1:00    S
 100 Rule    Arg     1946    only    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
 101 Rule    Arg     1946    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    1:00    S
 102 Rule    Arg     1963    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
 103 Rule    Arg     1963    only    -       Dec     15      0:00    1:00    S
 104 Rule    Arg     1964    1966    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
 105 Rule    Arg     1964    1966    -       Oct     15      0:00    1:00    S
 106 Rule    Arg     1967    only    -       Apr      2      0:00    0       -
 107 Rule    Arg     1967    1968    -       Oct     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    S
 108 Rule    Arg     1968    1969    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:00    0       -
 109 Rule    Arg     1974    only    -       Jan     23      0:00    1:00    S
 110 Rule    Arg     1974    only    -       May      1      0:00    0       -
 111 Rule    Arg     1988    only    -       Dec      1      0:00    1:00    S
 112 #
 113 # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
 114 # These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A.,
 115 # obtaining the data from the:
 116 # Talleres de Hidrografia Naval Argentina
 117 # (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
 118 Rule    Arg     1989    1993    -       Mar     Sun>=1       0:00    0       -
 119 Rule    Arg     1989    1992    -       Oct     Sun>=15      0:00    1:00    S
 120 #
 121 # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
 122 # From this moment on, the law that mandated the daylight saving
 123 # time corrections was derogated and no more modifications
 124 # to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made.
 125 #
 126 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
 127 # On October 3, 1999, 0:00 local, Argentina implemented daylight savings time,
 128 # which did not result in the switch of a time zone, as they stayed 9 hours
 129 # from the International Date Line.
 130 Rule    Arg     1999    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    S
 131 # From Paul Eggert (2007-12-28):
 132 # DST was set to expire on March 5, not March 3, but since it was converted
 133 # to standard time on March 3 it's more convenient for us to pretend that
 134 # it ended on March 3.
 135 Rule    Arg     2000    only    -       Mar     3       0:00    0       -
 136 #
 137 # From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01):
 138 # We just checked with our Sao Paulo office and they say the government of
 139 # Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST.
 140 # So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times.
 141 #
 142 # From Fabian L. Arce Jofre (2000-04-04):
 143 # The law that claimed DST for Argentina was derogated by President Fernando
 144 # de la Rua on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
 145 # in the winter time, rather than less.  The change took effect on March 3.
 146 #
 147 # From Mariano Absatz (2001-06-06):
 148 # one of the major newspapers here in Argentina said that the 1999
 149 # Timezone Law (which never was effectively applied) will (would?) be
 150 # in effect.... The article is at
 151 # http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-06/e-01701.htm
 152 # ... The Law itself is "Ley No 25155", sanctioned on 1999-08-25, enacted
 153 # 1999-09-17, and published 1999-09-21.  The official publication is at:
 154 # http://www.boletin.jus.gov.ar/BON/Primera/1999/09-Septiembre/21/PDF/BO21-09-99LEG.PDF
 155 # Regretfully, you have to subscribe (and pay) for the on-line version....
 156 #
 157 # (2001-06-12):
 158 # the timezone for Argentina will not change next Sunday.
 159 # Apparently it will do so on Sunday 24th....
 160 # http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-12/s-03501.htm
 161 #
 162 # (2001-06-25):
 163 # Last Friday (yes, the last working day before the date of the change), the
 164 # Senate annulled the 1999 law that introduced the changes later postponed.
 165 # http://www.clarin.com.ar/diario/2001-06-22/s-03601.htm
 166 # It remains the vote of the Deputies..., but it will be the same....
 167 # This kind of things had always been done this way in Argentina.
 168 # We are still -03:00 all year round in all of the country.
 169 #
 170 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-12-21):
 171 # A user (Leonardo Chaim) reported that Argentina will adopt DST....
 172 # all of the country (all Zone-entries) are affected.  News reports like
 173 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/opinion/nota.asp?nota_id=973037 indicate
 174 # that Argentina will use DST next year as well, from October to
 175 # March, although exact rules are not given.
 176 #
 177 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-12-26)
 178 # The last hurdle of Argentina DST is over, the proposal was approved in
 179 # the lower chamber too (Deputados) with a vote 192 for and 2 against.
 180 # By the way thanks to Mariano Absatz and Daniel Mario Vega for the link to
 181 # the original scanned proposal, where the dates and the zero hours are
 182 # clear and unambiguous...This is the article about final approval:
 183 # <a href="http://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/nota.asp?nota_id=973996">
 184 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/nota.asp?nota_id=973996
 185 # </a>
 186 #
 187 # From Paul Eggert (2007-12-22):
 188 # For dates after mid-2008, the following rules are my guesses and
 189 # are quite possibly wrong, but are more likely than no DST at all.
 190 
 191 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-09-05):
 192 # As per message from Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz (Nicaragua),
 193 # Argentina will start DST on Sunday October 19, 2008.
 194 #
 195 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina03.html">
 196 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina03.html
 197 # </a>
 198 # OR
 199 # <a href="http://www.impulsobaires.com.ar/nota.php?id=57832 (in spanish)">
 200 # http://www.impulsobaires.com.ar/nota.php?id=57832 (in spanish)
 201 # </a>
 202 
 203 Rule    Arg     2007    only    -       Dec     30      0:00    1:00    S
 204 Rule    Arg     2008    max     -       Mar     Sun>=15      0:00    0       -
 205 Rule    Arg     2008    max     -       Oct     Sun>=15      0:00    1:00    S
 206  
 207 # From Mariano Absatz (2004-05-21):
 208 # Today it was officially published that the Province of Mendoza is changing
 209 # its timezone this winter... starting tomorrow night....
 210 # http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040521-27158-normas.pdf
 211 # From Paul Eggert (2004-05-24):
 212 # It's Law No. 7,210.  This change is due to a public power emergency, so for
 213 # now we'll assume it's for this year only.
 214 #
 215 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 216 # <a href="http://www.spicasc.net/horvera.html">
 217 # Hora de verano para la Republica Argentina (2003-06-08)
 218 # </a> says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
 219 # to 1920-05-01 was -4:16:48.25.  Go with this more-precise value
 220 # over Shanks & Pottenger.
 221 #
 222 # From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-05):
 223 # These media articles from a major newspaper mostly cover the current state:
 224 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/27/de_604825.asp
 225 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/28/de_605203.asp
 226 #
 227 # The following eight (8) provinces pulled clocks back to UTC-04:00 at
 228 # midnight Monday May 31st. (that is, the night between 05/31 and 06/01).
 229 # Apparently, all nine provinces would go back to UTC-03:00 at the same
 230 # time in October 17th.
 231 #
 232 # Catamarca, Chubut, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz,
 233 # Tierra del Fuego, Tucuman.
 234 #
 235 # From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-14):
 236 # ... this weekend, the Province of Tucuman decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00
 237 # yesterday midnight (that is, at 24:00 Saturday 12th), since the people's
 238 # annoyance with the change is much higher than the power savings obtained....
 239 #
 240 # From Gwillim Law (2004-06-14):
 241 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/06/10/de_609078.asp ...
 242 #     "The time change in Tierra del Fuego was a conflicted decision from
 243 #   the start.  The government had decreed that the measure would take
 244 #   effect on June 1, but a normative error forced the new time to begin
 245 #   three days earlier, from a Saturday to a Sunday....
 246 # Our understanding was that the change was originally scheduled to take place
 247 # on June 1 at 00:00 in Chubut, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego (and some other
 248 # provinces).  Sunday was May 30, only two days earlier.  So the article
 249 # contains a contradiction.  I would give more credence to the Saturday/Sunday
 250 # date than the "three days earlier" phrase, and conclude that Tierra del
 251 # Fuego set its clocks back at 2004-05-30 00:00.
 252 #
 253 # From Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-05):
 254 # The previous law 7210 which changed the province of Mendoza's time zone
 255 # back in May have been modified slightly in a new law 7277, which set the
 256 # new end date to 2004-09-26 (original date was 2004-10-17).
 257 # http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040924-27244-normas.pdf
 258 #
 259 # From Mariano Absatz (2004-10-05):
 260 # San Juan changed from UTC-03:00 to UTC-04:00 at midnight between
 261 # Sunday, May 30th and Monday, May 31st.  It changed back to UTC-03:00
 262 # at midnight between Saturday, July 24th and Sunday, July 25th....
 263 # http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000329.html
 264 # http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000426.html
 265 # http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000441.html
 266 
 267 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-01-17):
 268 # Here are articles that Argentina Province San Luis is planning to end DST
 269 # as earlier as upcoming Monday January 21, 2008 or February 2008:
 270 #
 271 # Provincia argentina retrasa reloj y marca diferencia con resto del pais
 272 # (Argentine Province delayed clock and mark difference with the rest of the
 273 # country)
 274 # <a href="http://cl.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.aspx?idNoticia=200801171849_EFE_ET4373&idtel">
 275 # http://cl.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.aspx?idNoticia=200801171849_EFE_ET4373&idtel
 276 # </a>
 277 #
 278 # Es inminente que en San Luis atrasen una hora los relojes
 279 # (It is imminent in San Luis clocks one hour delay)
 280 # <a href="http://www.lagaceta.com.ar/vernotae.asp?id_nota=253414">
 281 # http://www.lagaceta.com.ar/vernotae.asp?id_nota=253414
 282 # </a>
 283 #
 284 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_argentina02.html">
 285 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_argentina02.html
 286 # </a>
 287 
 288 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-01-18):
 289 # The page of the San Luis provincial government
 290 # <a href="http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=0&id=22812">
 291 # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=0&id=22812
 292 # </a>
 293 # confirms what Alex Krivenyshev has earlier sent to the tz
 294 # emailing list about that San Luis plans to return to standard
 295 # time much earlier than the rest of the country. It also
 296 # confirms that upon request the provinces San Juan and Mendoza 
 297 # refused to follow San Luis in this change. 
 298 # 
 299 # The change is supposed to take place Monday the 21.st at 0:00
 300 # hours. As far as I understand it if this goes ahead, we need
 301 # a new timezone for San Luis (although there are also documented
 302 # independent changes in the southamerica file of San Luis in
 303 # 1990 and 1991 which has not been confirmed).
 304 
 305 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-01-25):
 306 # Unfortunately the below page has become defunct, about the San Luis
 307 # time change. Perhaps because it now is part of a group of pages "Most
 308 # important pages of 2008."
 309 #
 310 # You can use
 311 # <a href="http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=8141&id=22834">
 312 # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=8141&id=22834
 313 # </a>
 314 # instead it seems. Or use "Buscador" from the main page of the San Luis
 315 # government, and fill in "huso" and click OK, and you will get 3 pages
 316 # from which the first one is identical to the above.
 317 
 318 # From Mariano Absatz (2008-01-28):
 319 # I can confirm that the Province of San Luis (and so far only that
 320 # province) decided to go back to UTC-3 effective midnight Jan 20th 2008
 321 # (that is, Monday 21st at 0:00 is the time the clocks were delayed back
 322 # 1 hour), and they intend to keep UTC-3 as their timezone all year round
 323 # (that is, unless they change their mind any minute now).
 324 #
 325 # So we'll have to add yet another city to 'southamerica' (I think San
 326 # Luis city is the mos populated city in the Province, so it'd be
 327 # America/Argentina/San_Luis... of course I can't remember if San Luis's
 328 # history of particular changes goes along with Mendoza or San Juan :-(
 329 # (I only remember not being able to collect hard facts about San Luis
 330 # back in 2004, when these provinces changed to UTC-4 for a few days, I
 331 # mailed them personally and never got an answer).
 332 
 333 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
 334 # Unless otherwise specified, data are from Shanks & Pottenger through 1992,
 335 # from the IATA otherwise.  As noted below, Shanks & Pottenger say that
 336 # America/Cordoba split into 6 subregions during 1991/1992, one of which
 337 # was America/San_Luis, but we haven't verified this yet so for now we'll
 338 # keep America/Cordoba a single region rather than splitting it into the
 339 # other 5 subregions.
 340 
 341 #
 342 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 343 #
 344 # Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
 345 Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
 346                         -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
 347                         -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 348                         -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 349                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
 350                         -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
 351                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT
 352 #
 353 # Santa Fe (SF), Entre Rios (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC),
 354 # Formosa (FM), Salta (SA), Santiago del Estero (SE), Cordoba (CB),
 355 # La Pampa (LP), Neuquen (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
 356 #
 357 # Shanks & Pottenger also make the following claims, which we haven't verified:
 358 # - Formosa switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-07.
 359 # - Misiones switched to -3:00 on 1990-12-29.
 360 # - Chaco switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-04.
 361 # - Santiago del Estero switched to -4:00 on 1991-04-01,
 362 #   then to -3:00 on 1991-04-26.
 363 #
 364 Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT   1894 Oct 31
 365                         -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
 366                         -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 367                         -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 368                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1991 Mar  3
 369                         -4:00   -       WART    1991 Oct 20
 370                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
 371                         -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
 372                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT
 373 #
 374 # Tucuman (TM)
 375 Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT   1894 Oct 31
 376                         -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
 377                         -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 378                         -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 379                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1991 Mar  3
 380                         -4:00   -       WART    1991 Oct 20
 381                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
 382                         -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
 383                         -3:00   -       ART     2004 Jun  1
 384                         -4:00   -       WART    2004 Jun 13
 385                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT
 386 #
 387 # La Rioja (LR)
 388 Zone America/Argentina/La_Rioja -4:27:24 - LMT  1894 Oct 31
 389                         -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
 390                         -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 391                         -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 392                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1991 Mar  1
 393                         -4:00   -       WART    1991 May  7
 394                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
 395                         -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
 396                         -3:00   -       ART     2004 Jun  1
 397                         -4:00   -       WART    2004 Jun 20
 398                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT
 399 #
 400 # San Juan (SJ)
 401 Zone America/Argentina/San_Juan -4:34:04 - LMT  1894 Oct 31
 402                         -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
 403                         -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 404                         -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 405                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1991 Mar  1
 406                         -4:00   -       WART    1991 May  7
 407                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
 408                         -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
 409                         -3:00   -       ART     2004 May 31
 410                         -4:00   -       WART    2004 Jul 25
 411                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT
 412 #
 413 # Jujuy (JY)
 414 Zone America/Argentina/Jujuy -4:21:12 - LMT     1894 Oct 31
 415                         -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
 416                         -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 417                         -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 418                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1990 Mar  4
 419                         -4:00   -       WART    1990 Oct 28
 420                         -4:00   1:00    WARST   1991 Mar 17
 421                         -4:00   -       WART    1991 Oct  6
 422                         -3:00   1:00    ARST    1992
 423                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
 424                         -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
 425                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT
 426 #
 427 # Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
 428 Zone America/Argentina/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
 429                         -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
 430                         -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 431                         -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 432                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1991 Mar  3
 433                         -4:00   -       WART    1991 Oct 20
 434                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
 435                         -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
 436                         -3:00   -       ART     2004 Jun  1
 437                         -4:00   -       WART    2004 Jun 20
 438                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT
 439 #
 440 # Mendoza (MZ)
 441 Zone America/Argentina/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT   1894 Oct 31
 442                         -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
 443                         -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 444                         -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 445                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1990 Mar  4
 446                         -4:00   -       WART    1990 Oct 15
 447                         -4:00   1:00    WARST   1991 Mar  1
 448                         -4:00   -       WART    1991 Oct 15
 449                         -4:00   1:00    WARST   1992 Mar  1
 450                         -4:00   -       WART    1992 Oct 18
 451                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
 452                         -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
 453                         -3:00   -       ART     2004 May 23
 454                         -4:00   -       WART    2004 Sep 26
 455                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT
 456 #
 457 # San Luis (SL)
 458 Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT  1894 Oct 31
 459                         -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
 460                         -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 461                         -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 462                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1990
 463                         -3:00   1:00    ARST    1990 Mar 14
 464                         -4:00   -       WART    1990 Oct 15
 465                         -4:00   1:00    WARST   1991 Mar  1
 466                         -4:00   -       WART    1991 Jun  1
 467                         -3:00   -       ART     1999 Oct  3
 468                         -4:00   1:00    WARST   2000 Mar  3
 469                         -3:00   -       ART     2004 May 31
 470                         -4:00   -       WART    2004 Jul 25
 471                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   2008 Jan 21
 472                         -3:00   -       ART
 473 #
 474 # Santa Cruz (SC)
 475 Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
 476                         -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
 477                         -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 478                         -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 479                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
 480                         -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
 481                         -3:00   -       ART     2004 Jun  1
 482                         -4:00   -       WART    2004 Jun 20
 483                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT
 484 #
 485 # Tierra del Fuego, Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur (TF)
 486 Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
 487                         -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
 488                         -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 489                         -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 490                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
 491                         -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
 492                         -3:00   -       ART     2004 May 30
 493                         -4:00   -       WART    2004 Jun 20
 494                         -3:00   Arg     AR%sT
 495 
 496 # Aruba
 497 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 498 Zone    America/Aruba   -4:40:24 -      LMT     1912 Feb 12     # Oranjestad
 499                         -4:30   -       ANT     1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
 500                         -4:00   -       AST
 501 
 502 # Bolivia
 503 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 504 Zone    America/La_Paz  -4:32:36 -      LMT     1890
 505                         -4:32:36 -      CMT     1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT
 506                         -4:32:36 1:00   BOST    1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
 507                         -4:00   -       BOT     # Bolivia Time
 508 
 509 # Brazil
 510 
 511 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
 512 # The mayor of Rio recently attempted to change the time zone rules
 513 # just in his city, in order to leave more summer time for the tourist trade.
 514 # The rule change lasted only part of the day;
 515 # the federal government refused to follow the city's rules, and business
 516 # was in a chaos, so the mayor backed down that afternoon.
 517 
 518 # From IATA SSIM (1996-02):
 519 # _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS),
 520 # Santa Catarina (SC), Parana (PR), Sao Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
 521 # Espirito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goias (GO),
 522 # Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL].
 523 # [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.]
 524 
 525 # From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07):
 526 # Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goias until 1989), and other
 527 # sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were
 528 # always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST....
 529 # The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91.  Each issue from then until
 530 # 9/95 says that DST is observed only in the ten states I quoted from 9/95,
 531 # along with Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), which are in BR2
 532 # (UTC-4)....  The other two time zones given for Brazil are BR3, which is
 533 # UTC-5, no DST, and applies only in the state of Acre (AC); and BR4, which is
 534 # UTC-2, and applies to Fernando de Noronha (formerly FN, but I believe it's
 535 # become part of the state of Pernambuco).  The boundary between BR1 and BR2
 536 # has never been clearly stated.  They've simply been called East and West.
 537 # However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline
 538 # Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil.  For each
 539 # airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM.  From that
 540 # information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapa (AP), Ceara (CE),
 541 # Maranhao (MA), Paraiba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piaui (PI), and Rio Grande do
 542 # Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Para (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
 543 
 544 # From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
 545 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/verao1.html">
 546 # Brazilian official page
 547 # </a>
 548 
 549 # From Jesper Norgaard (2000-11-03):
 550 # [For an official list of which regions in Brazil use which time zones, see:]
 551 # http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm
 552 # http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm
 553 
 554 # From Celso Doria via David Madeo (2002-10-09):
 555 # The reason for the delay this year has to do with elections in Brazil.
 556 #
 557 # Unlike in the United States, elections in Brazil are 100% computerized and
 558 # the results are known almost immediately.  Yesterday, it was the first
 559 # round of the elections when 115 million Brazilians voted for President,
 560 # Governor, Senators, Federal Deputies, and State Deputies.  Nobody is
 561 # counting (or re-counting) votes anymore and we know there will be a second
 562 # round for the Presidency and also for some Governors.  The 2nd round will
 563 # take place on October 27th.
 564 #
 565 # The reason why the DST will only begin November 3rd is that the thousands
 566 # of electoral machines used cannot have their time changed, and since the
 567 # Constitution says the elections must begin at 8:00 AM and end at 5:00 PM,
 568 # the Government decided to postpone DST, instead of changing the Constitution
 569 # (maybe, for the next elections, it will be possible to change the clock)...
 570 
 571 # From Rodrigo Severo (2004-10-04):
 572 # It's just the biannual change made necessary by the much hyped, supposedly
 573 # modern Brazilian eletronic voting machines which, apparently, can't deal
 574 # with a time change between the first and the second rounds of the elections.
 575 
 576 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-20):
 577 # Brazil will start DST on 2007-10-14 00:00 and end on 2008-02-17 00:00:
 578 # http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do;jsessionid=BBA06811AFCAAC28F0285210913513DA?newsId=13975
 579 
 580 # From Paul Schulze (2008-06-24):
 581 # ...by law number 11.662 of April 24, 2008 (published in the "Diario
 582 # Oficial da Uniao"...) in Brazil there are changes in the timezones,
 583 # effective today (00:00am at June 24, 2008) as follows:
 584 #
 585 # a) The timezone UTC+5 is e[x]tinguished, with all the Acre state and the
 586 # part of the Amazonas state that had this timezone now being put to the
 587 # timezone UTC+4
 588 # b) The whole Para state now is put at timezone UTC+3, instead of just
 589 # part of it, as was before.
 590 #
 591 # This change follows a proposal of senator Tiao Viana of Acre state, that
 592 # proposed it due to concerns about open television channels displaying
 593 # programs inappropriate to youths in the states that had the timezone
 594 # UTC+5 too early in the night. In the occasion, some more corrections
 595 # were proposed, trying to unify the timezones of any given state. This
 596 # change modifies timezone rules defined in decree 2.784 of 18 June,
 597 # 1913.
 598 
 599 # From Rodrigo Severo (2008-06-24):
 600 # Just correcting the URL:
 601 # <a href="https://www.in.gov.br/imprensa/visualiza/index.jsp?jornal=3Ddo&secao=3D1&pagina=3D1&data=3D25/04/2008">
 602 # https://www.in.gov.br/imprensa/visualiza/index.jsp?jornal=3Ddo&secao=3D1&pagina=3D1&data=3D25/04/2008
 603 # </a>
 604 #
 605 # As a result of the above Decree I believe the America/Rio_Branco
 606 # timezone shall be modified from UTC-5 to UTC-4 and a new timezone shall
 607 # be created to represent the the west side of the Para State. I
 608 # suggest this new timezone be called Santarem as the most
 609 # important/populated city in the affected area.
 610 #
 611 # This new timezone would be the same as the Rio_Branco timezone up to
 612 # the 2008/06/24 change which would be to UTC-3 instead of UTC-4.
 613 
 614 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-24):
 615 # This is a quick reference page for New and Old Brazil Time Zones map.
 616 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/brazil-time-new-old.php">
 617 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/brazil-time-new-old.php
 618 # </a>
 619 #
 620 # - 4 time zones replaced by 3 time zones-eliminating time zone UTC- 05
 621 # (state Acre and the part of the Amazonas will be UTC/GMT- 04) - western
 622 # part of Par state is moving to one timezone UTC- 03 (from UTC -04).
 623 
 624 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-10):
 625 # The official decrees referenced below are mostly taken from
 626 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html">
 627 # Decretos sobre o Horario de Verao no Brasil
 628 # </a>.
 629 
 630 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-29):
 631 # As announced by the government and many newspapers in Brazil late
 632 # yesterday, Brazil will start DST on 2008-10-19 (need to change rule) and
 633 # it will end on 2009-02-15 (current rule for Brazil is fine). Based on
 634 # past years experience with the elections, there was a good chance that
 635 # the start was postponed to November, but it did not happen this year.
 636 #
 637 # It has not yet been posted to http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
 638 #
 639 # An official page about it:
 640 # <a href="http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do?newsId=16722">
 641 # http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do?newsId=16722
 642 # </a>
 643 # Note that this link does not always work directly, but must be accessed
 644 # by going to
 645 # <a href="http://www.mme.gov.br/first">
 646 # http://www.mme.gov.br/first
 647 # </a>
 648 #
 649 # One example link that works directly:
 650 # <a href="http://jornale.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13530&Itemid=54">
 651 # http://jornale.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13530&Itemid=54
 652 # (Portuguese)
 653 # </a>
 654 #
 655 # We have a written a short article about it as well:
 656 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-dst-2008-2009.html">
 657 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-dst-2008-2009.html
 658 # </a>
 659 
 660 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 661 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV20466.htm">20,466</a> (1931-10-01)
 662 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV21896.htm">21,896</a> (1932-01-10)
 663 Rule    Brazil  1931    only    -       Oct      3      11:00   1:00    S
 664 Rule    Brazil  1932    1933    -       Apr      1       0:00   0       -
 665 Rule    Brazil  1932    only    -       Oct      3       0:00   1:00    S
 666 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV23195.htm">23,195</a> (1933-10-10)
 667 # revoked DST.
 668 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27496.htm">27,496</a> (1949-11-24)
 669 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27998.htm">27,998</a> (1950-04-13)
 670 Rule    Brazil  1949    1952    -       Dec      1       0:00   1:00    S
 671 Rule    Brazil  1950    only    -       Apr     16       1:00   0       -
 672 Rule    Brazil  1951    1952    -       Apr      1       0:00   0       -
 673 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV32308.htm">32,308</a> (1953-02-24)
 674 Rule    Brazil  1953    only    -       Mar      1       0:00   0       -
 675 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV34724.htm">34,724</a> (1953-11-30)
 676 # revoked DST.
 677 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV52700.htm">52,700</a> (1963-10-18)
 678 # established DST from 1963-10-23 00:00 to 1964-02-29 00:00
 679 # in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
 680 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53071.htm">53,071</a> (1963-12-03)
 681 # extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
 682 Rule    Brazil  1963    only    -       Dec      9       0:00   1:00    S
 683 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53604.htm">53,604</a> (1964-02-25)
 684 # extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
 685 Rule    Brazil  1964    only    -       Mar      1       0:00   0       -
 686 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV55639.htm">55,639</a> (1965-01-27)
 687 Rule    Brazil  1965    only    -       Jan     31       0:00   1:00    S
 688 Rule    Brazil  1965    only    -       Mar     31       0:00   0       -
 689 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57303.htm">57,303</a> (1965-11-22)
 690 Rule    Brazil  1965    only    -       Dec      1       0:00   1:00    S
 691 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57843.htm">57,843</a> (1966-02-18)
 692 Rule    Brazil  1966    1968    -       Mar      1       0:00   0       -
 693 Rule    Brazil  1966    1967    -       Nov      1       0:00   1:00    S
 694 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV63429.htm">63,429</a> (1968-10-15)
 695 # revoked DST.
 696 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV91698.htm">91,698</a> (1985-09-27)
 697 Rule    Brazil  1985    only    -       Nov      2       0:00   1:00    S
 698 # Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
 699 # Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
 700 Rule    Brazil  1986    only    -       Mar     15       0:00   0       -
 701 # Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
 702 Rule    Brazil  1986    only    -       Oct     25       0:00   1:00    S
 703 Rule    Brazil  1987    only    -       Feb     14       0:00   0       -
 704 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV94922.htm">94,922</a> (1987-09-22)
 705 Rule    Brazil  1987    only    -       Oct     25       0:00   1:00    S
 706 Rule    Brazil  1988    only    -       Feb      7       0:00   0       -
 707 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV96676.htm">96,676</a> (1988-09-12)
 708 # except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
 709 Rule    Brazil  1988    only    -       Oct     16       0:00   1:00    S
 710 Rule    Brazil  1989    only    -       Jan     29       0:00   0       -
 711 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV98077.htm">98,077</a> (1989-08-21)
 712 # with the same exceptions
 713 Rule    Brazil  1989    only    -       Oct     15       0:00   1:00    S
 714 Rule    Brazil  1990    only    -       Feb     11       0:00   0       -
 715 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV99530.htm">99,530</a> (1990-09-17)
 716 # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
 717 # Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
 718 Rule    Brazil  1990    only    -       Oct     21       0:00   1:00    S
 719 Rule    Brazil  1991    only    -       Feb     17       0:00   0       -
 720 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1991.htm">Unnumbered decree</a> (1991-09-25)
 721 # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
 722 Rule    Brazil  1991    only    -       Oct     20       0:00   1:00    S
 723 Rule    Brazil  1992    only    -       Feb      9       0:00   0       -
 724 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1992.htm">Unnumbered decree</a> (1992-10-16)
 725 # adopted by same states.
 726 Rule    Brazil  1992    only    -       Oct     25       0:00   1:00    S
 727 Rule    Brazil  1993    only    -       Jan     31       0:00   0       -
 728 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV942.htm">942</a> (1993-09-28)
 729 # adopted by same states, plus AM.
 730 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1252.htm">1,252</a> (1994-09-22;
 731 # web page corrected 2004-01-07) adopted by same states, minus AM.
 732 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1636.htm">1,636</a> (1995-09-14)
 733 # adopted by same states, plus MT and TO.
 734 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1674.htm">1,674</a> (1995-10-13)
 735 # adds AL, SE.
 736 Rule    Brazil  1993    1995    -       Oct     Sun>=11       0:00   1:00    S
 737 Rule    Brazil  1994    1995    -       Feb     Sun>=15       0:00   0       -
 738 Rule    Brazil  1996    only    -       Feb     11       0:00   0       -
 739 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV2000.htm">2,000</a> (1996-09-04)
 740 # adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
 741 Rule    Brazil  1996    only    -       Oct      6       0:00   1:00    S
 742 Rule    Brazil  1997    only    -       Feb     16       0:00   0       -
 743 # From Daniel C. Sobral (1998-02-12):
 744 # In 1997, the DS began on October 6. The stated reason was that
 745 # because international television networks ignored Brazil's policy on DS,
 746 # they bought the wrong times on satellite for coverage of Pope's visit.
 747 # This year, the ending date of DS was postponed to March 1
 748 # to help dealing with the shortages of electric power.
 749 #
 750 # Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
 751 Rule    Brazil  1997    only    -       Oct      6       0:00   1:00    S
 752 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV2495.JPG">2,495</a>
 753 # (1998-02-10)
 754 Rule    Brazil  1998    only    -       Mar      1       0:00   0       -
 755 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/Hv98.jpg">2,780</a> (1998-09-11)
 756 # adopted by the same states as before.
 757 Rule    Brazil  1998    only    -       Oct     11       0:00   1:00    S
 758 Rule    Brazil  1999    only    -       Feb     21       0:00   0       -
 759 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3150.gif">3,150</a>
 760 # (1999-08-23) adopted by same states.
 761 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV99.gif">3,188</a> (1999-09-30)
 762 # adds SE, AL, PB, PE, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR.
 763 Rule    Brazil  1999    only    -       Oct      3       0:00   1:00    S
 764 Rule    Brazil  2000    only    -       Feb     27       0:00   0       -
 765 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DEC3592.htm">3,592</a> (2000-09-06)
 766 # adopted by the same states as before.
 767 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3630.jpg">3,630</a> (2000-10-13)
 768 # repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00.
 769 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3632.jpg">3,632</a> (2000-10-17)
 770 # repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00.
 771 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3916.gif">3,916</a>
 772 # (2001-09-13) reestablishes DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
 773 Rule    Brazil  2000    2001    -       Oct     Sun>=8        0:00   1:00    S
 774 Rule    Brazil  2001    2006    -       Feb     Sun>=15       0:00   0       -
 775 # Decree 4,399 (2002-10-01) repeals DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
 776 # <a href="http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2002/D4399.htm">4,399</a>
 777 Rule    Brazil  2002    only    -       Nov      3       0:00   1:00    S
 778 # Decree 4,844 (2003-09-24; corrected 2003-09-26) repeals DST in BA, MT, TO.
 779 # <a href="http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2003/D4844.htm">4,844</a>
 780 Rule    Brazil  2003    only    -       Oct     19       0:00   1:00    S
 781 # Decree 5,223 (2004-10-01) reestablishes DST in MT.
 782 # <a href="http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2004-2006/2004/Decreto/D5223.htm">5,223</a>
 783 Rule    Brazil  2004    only    -       Nov      2       0:00   1:00    S
 784 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV5539.gif">5,539</a> (2005-09-19),
 785 # adopted by the same states as before.
 786 Rule    Brazil  2005    only    -       Oct     16       0:00   1:00    S
 787 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV5920.gif">5,920</a> (2006-10-03),
 788 # adopted by the same states as before.
 789 Rule    Brazil  2006    only    -       Nov      5       0:00   1:00    S
 790 Rule    Brazil  2007    only    -       Feb     25       0:00   0       -
 791 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV6212.gif">6,212</a> (2007-09-26),
 792 # adopted by the same states as before.
 793 Rule    Brazil  2007    only    -       Oct     Sun>=8        0:00   1:00    S
 794 # From Frederico A. C. Neves (2008-09-10):
 795 # Acording to this decree
 796 # <a href="http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2007-2010/2008/Decreto/D6558.htm">
 797 # http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2007-2010/2008/Decreto/D6558.htm
 798 # </a>
 799 # [t]he DST period in Brazil now on will be from the 3rd Oct Sunday to the
 800 # 3rd Feb Sunday. There is an exception on the return date when this is
 801 # the Carnival Sunday then the return date will be the next Sunday...
 802 Rule    Brazil  2008    max     -       Oct     Sun>=15      0:00    1:00    S
 803 Rule    Brazil  2008    2011    -       Feb     Sun>=15      0:00    0       -
 804 Rule    Brazil  2012    only    -       Feb     Sun>=22      0:00    0       -
 805 Rule    Brazil  2013    2014    -       Feb     Sun>=15      0:00    0       -
 806 Rule    Brazil  2015    only    -       Feb     Sun>=22      0:00    0       -
 807 Rule    Brazil  2016    2022    -       Feb     Sun>=15      0:00    0       -
 808 Rule    Brazil  2023    only    -       Feb     Sun>=22      0:00    0       -
 809 Rule    Brazil  2024    2025    -       Feb     Sun>=15      0:00    0       -
 810 Rule    Brazil  2026    only    -       Feb     Sun>=22      0:00    0       -
 811 Rule    Brazil  2027    2033    -       Feb     Sun>=15      0:00    0       -
 812 Rule    Brazil  2034    only    -       Feb     Sun>=22      0:00    0       -
 813 Rule    Brazil  2035    2036    -       Feb     Sun>=15      0:00    0       -
 814 Rule    Brazil  2037    only    -       Feb     Sun>=22      0:00    0       -
 815 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-09-29):
 816 # The next is wrong in some years but is better than nothing.
 817 Rule    Brazil  2038    max     -       Feb     Sun>=15      0:00    0       -
 818 
 819 # The latest ruleset listed above says that the following states observe DST:
 820 # DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
 821 
 822 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 823 #
 824 # Fernando de Noronha (administratively part of PE)
 825 Zone America/Noronha    -2:09:40 -      LMT     1914
 826                         -2:00   Brazil  FN%sT   1990 Sep 17
 827                         -2:00   -       FNT     1999 Sep 30
 828                         -2:00   Brazil  FN%sT   2000 Oct 15
 829                         -2:00   -       FNT     2001 Sep 13
 830                         -2:00   Brazil  FN%sT   2002 Oct  1
 831                         -2:00   -       FNT
 832 # Other Atlantic islands have no permanent settlement.
 833 # These include Trindade and Martin Vaz (administratively part of ES),
 834 # Atol das Rocas (RN), and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo (PE).
 835 # Fernando de Noronha was a separate territory from 1942-09-02 to 1989-01-01;
 836 # it also included the Penedos.
 837 #
 838 # Amapa (AP), east Para (PA)
 839 # East Para includes Belem, Maraba, Serra Norte, and Sao Felix do Xingu.
 840 # The division between east and west Para is the river Xingu.
 841 # In the north a very small part from the river Javary (now Jari I guess,
 842 # the border with Amapa) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
 843 Zone America/Belem      -3:13:56 -      LMT     1914
 844                         -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   1988 Sep 12
 845                         -3:00   -       BRT
 846 #
 847 # west Para (PA)
 848 # West Para includes Altamira, Oribidos, Prainha, Oriximina, and Santarem.
 849 Zone America/Santarem   -3:38:48 -      LMT     1914
 850                         -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT   1988 Sep 12
 851                         -4:00   -       AMT     2008 Jun 24 00:00
 852                         -3:00   -       BRT
 853 #
 854 # Maranhao (MA), Piaui (PI), Ceara (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
 855 # Paraiba (PB)
 856 Zone America/Fortaleza  -2:34:00 -      LMT     1914
 857                         -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   1990 Sep 17
 858                         -3:00   -       BRT     1999 Sep 30
 859                         -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2000 Oct 22
 860                         -3:00   -       BRT     2001 Sep 13
 861                         -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2002 Oct  1
 862                         -3:00   -       BRT
 863 #
 864 # Pernambuco (PE) (except Atlantic islands)
 865 Zone America/Recife     -2:19:36 -      LMT     1914
 866                         -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   1990 Sep 17
 867                         -3:00   -       BRT     1999 Sep 30
 868                         -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2000 Oct 15
 869                         -3:00   -       BRT     2001 Sep 13
 870                         -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2002 Oct  1
 871                         -3:00   -       BRT
 872 #
 873 # Tocantins (TO)
 874 Zone America/Araguaina  -3:12:48 -      LMT     1914
 875                         -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   1990 Sep 17
 876                         -3:00   -       BRT     1995 Sep 14
 877                         -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2003 Sep 24
 878                         -3:00   -       BRT
 879 #
 880 # Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
 881 Zone America/Maceio     -2:22:52 -      LMT     1914
 882                         -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   1990 Sep 17
 883                         -3:00   -       BRT     1995 Oct 13
 884                         -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   1996 Sep  4
 885                         -3:00   -       BRT     1999 Sep 30
 886                         -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2000 Oct 22
 887                         -3:00   -       BRT     2001 Sep 13
 888                         -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2002 Oct  1
 889                         -3:00   -       BRT
 890 #
 891 # Bahia (BA)
 892 # There are too many Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/Bahia instead
 893 # of America/Salvador.
 894 Zone America/Bahia      -2:34:04 -      LMT     1914
 895                         -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2003 Sep 24
 896                         -3:00   -       BRT
 897 #
 898 # Goias (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
 899 # Espirito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Sao Paulo (SP), Parana (PR),
 900 # Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
 901 Zone America/Sao_Paulo  -3:06:28 -      LMT     1914
 902                         -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   1963 Oct 23 00:00
 903                         -3:00   1:00    BRST    1964
 904                         -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT
 905 #
 906 # Mato Grosso do Sul (MS)
 907 Zone America/Campo_Grande -3:38:28 -    LMT     1914
 908                         -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT
 909 #
 910 # Mato Grosso (MT)
 911 Zone America/Cuiaba     -3:44:20 -      LMT     1914
 912                         -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT   2003 Sep 24
 913                         -4:00   -       AMT     2004 Oct  1
 914                         -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT
 915 #
 916 # Rondonia (RO)
 917 Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 -     LMT     1914
 918                         -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT   1988 Sep 12
 919                         -4:00   -       AMT
 920 #
 921 # Roraima (RR)
 922 Zone America/Boa_Vista  -4:02:40 -      LMT     1914
 923                         -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT   1988 Sep 12
 924                         -4:00   -       AMT     1999 Sep 30
 925                         -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT   2000 Oct 15
 926                         -4:00   -       AMT
 927 #
 928 # east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutai, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
 929 # The great circle line from Tabatinga to Porto Acre divides
 930 # east from west Amazonas.
 931 Zone America/Manaus     -4:00:04 -      LMT     1914
 932                         -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT   1988 Sep 12
 933                         -4:00   -       AMT     1993 Sep 28
 934                         -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT   1994 Sep 22
 935                         -4:00   -       AMT
 936 #
 937 # west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant,
 938 #       Eirunepe, Envira, Ipixuna
 939 Zone America/Eirunepe   -4:39:28 -      LMT     1914
 940                         -5:00   Brazil  AC%sT   1988 Sep 12
 941                         -5:00   -       ACT     1993 Sep 28
 942                         -5:00   Brazil  AC%sT   1994 Sep 22
 943                         -5:00   -       ACT     2008 Jun 24 00:00
 944                         -4:00   -       AMT
 945 #
 946 # Acre (AC)
 947 Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 -      LMT     1914
 948                         -5:00   Brazil  AC%sT   1988 Sep 12
 949                         -5:00   -       ACT     2008 Jun 24 00:00
 950                         -4:00   -       AMT
 951 
 952 # Chile
 953 
 954 # From Eduardo Krell (1995-10-19):
 955 # The law says to switch to DST at midnight [24:00] on the second SATURDAY
 956 # of October....  The law is the same for March and October.
 957 # (1998-09-29):
 958 # Because of the drought this year, the government decided to go into
 959 # DST earlier (saturday 9/26 at 24:00). This is a one-time change only ...
 960 # (unless there's another dry season next year, I guess).
 961 
 962 # From Julio I. Pacheco Troncoso (1999-03-18):
 963 # Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later,
 964 # on April 3, (one-time change).
 965 
 966 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2006-10-08):
 967 # http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
 968 
 969 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-08):
 970 # I think that there are some obvious mistakes in the suggested link
 971 # from Oscar van Vlijmen,... for instance entry 66 says that GMT-4
 972 # ended 1990-09-12 while entry 67 only begins GMT-3 at 1990-09-15
 973 # (they should have been 1990-09-15 and 1990-09-16 respectively), but
 974 # anyhow it clears up some doubts too.
 975 
 976 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-27):
 977 # The following data for Chile and America/Santiago are from
 978 # <http://www.horaoficial.cl/horaof.htm> (2006-09-20), transcribed by
 979 # Jesper Norgaard Welen.  The data for Pacific/Easter are from Shanks
 980 # & Pottenger, except with DST transitions after 1932 cloned from
 981 # America/Santiago.  The pre-1980 Pacific/Easter data are dubious,
 982 # but we have no other source.
 983 
 984 # From German Poo-Caaman~o (2008-03-03):
 985 # Due to drought, Chile extends Daylight Time in three weeks.  This
 986 # is one-time change (Saturday 3/29 at 24:00 for America/Santiago
 987 # and Saturday 3/29 at 22:00 for Pacific/Easter)
 988 # The Supreme Decree is located at 
 989 # <a href="http://www.shoa.cl/servicios/supremo316.pdf">
 990 # http://www.shoa.cl/servicios/supremo316.pdf
 991 # </a>
 992 # and the instructions for 2008 are located in:
 993 # <a href="http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm">
 994 # http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
 995 # </a>.
 996 
 997 # From Jose Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
 998 # ...
 999 # You could see the announces of the change on 
1000 # <a href="http://www.shoa.cl/noticias/2008/04hora/hora.htm">
1001 # http://www.shoa.cl/noticias/2008/04hora/hora.htm
1002 # </a>.
1003 
1004 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1005 Rule    Chile   1927    1932    -       Sep      1      0:00    1:00    S
1006 Rule    Chile   1928    1932    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
1007 Rule    Chile   1942    only    -       Jun      1      4:00u   0       -
1008 Rule    Chile   1942    only    -       Aug      1      5:00u   1:00    S
1009 Rule    Chile   1946    only    -       Jul     15      4:00u   1:00    S
1010 Rule    Chile   1946    only    -       Sep      1      3:00u   0:00    -
1011 Rule    Chile   1947    only    -       Apr      1      4:00u   0       -
1012 Rule    Chile   1968    only    -       Nov      3      4:00u   1:00    S
1013 Rule    Chile   1969    only    -       Mar     30      3:00u   0       -
1014 Rule    Chile   1969    only    -       Nov     23      4:00u   1:00    S
1015 Rule    Chile   1970    only    -       Mar     29      3:00u   0       -
1016 Rule    Chile   1971    only    -       Mar     14      3:00u   0       -
1017 Rule    Chile   1970    1972    -       Oct     Sun>=9       4:00u   1:00    S
1018 Rule    Chile   1972    1986    -       Mar     Sun>=9       3:00u   0       -
1019 Rule    Chile   1973    only    -       Sep     30      4:00u   1:00    S
1020 Rule    Chile   1974    1987    -       Oct     Sun>=9       4:00u   1:00    S
1021 Rule    Chile   1987    only    -       Apr     12      3:00u   0       -
1022 Rule    Chile   1988    1989    -       Mar     Sun>=9       3:00u   0       -
1023 Rule    Chile   1988    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1       4:00u   1:00    S
1024 Rule    Chile   1989    only    -       Oct     Sun>=9       4:00u   1:00    S
1025 Rule    Chile   1990    only    -       Mar     18      3:00u   0       -
1026 Rule    Chile   1990    only    -       Sep     16      4:00u   1:00    S
1027 Rule    Chile   1991    1996    -       Mar     Sun>=9       3:00u   0       -
1028 Rule    Chile   1991    1997    -       Oct     Sun>=9       4:00u   1:00    S
1029 Rule    Chile   1997    only    -       Mar     30      3:00u   0       -
1030 Rule    Chile   1998    only    -       Mar     Sun>=9       3:00u   0       -
1031 Rule    Chile   1998    only    -       Sep     27      4:00u   1:00    S
1032 Rule    Chile   1999    only    -       Apr      4      3:00u   0       -
1033 Rule    Chile   1999    max     -       Oct     Sun>=9       4:00u   1:00    S
1034 Rule    Chile   2000    2007    -       Mar     Sun>=9       3:00u   0       -
1035 # N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time,
1036 # which is used below in specifying the transition.
1037 Rule    Chile   2008    only    -       Mar     30      3:00u   0       -
1038 Rule    Chile   2009    max     -       Mar     Sun>=9       3:00u   0       -
1039 # IATA SSIM anomalies: (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
1040 # (1996-09) says 1998-03-08.  Ignore these.
1041 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1042 Zone America/Santiago   -4:42:46 -      LMT     1890
1043                         -4:42:46 -      SMT     1910        # Santiago Mean Time
1044                         -5:00   -       CLT     1916 Jul  1 # Chile Time
1045                         -4:42:46 -      SMT     1918 Sep  1 # Santiago Mean Time
1046                         -4:00   -       CLT     1919 Jul  1 # Chile Time
1047                         -4:42:46 -      SMT     1927 Sep  1 # Santiago Mean Time
1048                         -5:00   Chile   CL%sT   1947 May 22 # Chile Time
1049                         -4:00   Chile   CL%sT
1050 Zone Pacific/Easter     -7:17:44 -      LMT     1890
1051                         -7:17:28 -      EMT     1932 Sep    # Easter Mean Time
1052                         -7:00   Chile   EAS%sT  1982 Mar 13 21:00 # Easter I Time
1053                         -6:00   Chile   EAS%sT
1054 #
1055 # Sala y Gomez Island is like Pacific/Easter.
1056 # Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernandez Is, San Ambrosio,
1057 # San Felix, and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
1058 
1059 # Colombia
1060 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1061 Rule    CO      1992    only    -       May      3      0:00    1:00    S
1062 Rule    CO      1993    only    -       Apr      4      0:00    0       -
1063 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1064 Zone    America/Bogota  -4:56:20 -      LMT     1884 Mar 13
1065                         -4:56:20 -      BMT     1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
1066                         -5:00   CO      CO%sT   # Colombia Time
1067 # Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
1068 # no information; probably like America/Bogota
1069 
1070 # Curacao
1071 #
1072 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1073 # Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at
1074 # -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that
1075 # Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from
1076 # 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01.  The former is dubious, since S&P also say
1077 # Saba Island has been like Curacao.
1078 # This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
1079 #
1080 # By July 2007 Curacao and St Maarten are planned to become
1081 # associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba;
1082 # Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the
1083 # Netherlands as Kingdom Islands.  This won't affect their time zones
1084 # though, as far as we know.
1085 #
1086 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1087 Zone    America/Curacao -4:35:44 -      LMT     1912 Feb 12     # Willemstad
1088                         -4:30   -       ANT     1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
1089                         -4:00   -       AST
1090 
1091 # Ecuador
1092 #
1093 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-04):
1094 # Apparently Ecuador had a failed experiment with DST in 1992.
1095 # <http://midena.gov.ec/content/view/1261/208/> (2007-02-27) and
1096 # <http://www.hoy.com.ec/NoticiaNue.asp?row_id=249856> (2006-11-06) both
1097 # talk about "hora Sixto".  Leave this alone for now, as we have no data.
1098 #
1099 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1100 Zone America/Guayaquil  -5:19:20 -      LMT     1890
1101                         -5:14:00 -      QMT     1931 # Quito Mean Time
1102                         -5:00   -       ECT          # Ecuador Time
1103 Zone Pacific/Galapagos  -5:58:24 -      LMT     1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
1104                         -5:00   -       ECT     1986
1105                         -6:00   -       GALT         # Galapagos Time
1106 
1107 # Falklands
1108 
1109 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1110 # Between 1990 and 2000 inclusive, Shanks & Pottenger and the IATA agree except
1111 # the IATA gives 1996-09-08.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1112 
1113 # From Falkland Islands Government Office, London (2001-01-22)
1114 # via Jesper Norgaard:
1115 # ... the clocks revert back to Local Mean Time at 2 am on Sunday 15
1116 # April 2001 and advance one hour to summer time at 2 am on Sunday 2
1117 # September.  It is anticipated that the clocks will revert back at 2
1118 # am on Sunday 21 April 2002 and advance to summer time at 2 am on
1119 # Sunday 1 September.
1120 
1121 # From Rives McDow (2001-02-13):
1122 #
1123 # I have communicated several times with people there, and the last
1124 # time I had communications that was helpful was in 1998.  Here is
1125 # what was said then:
1126 #
1127 # "The general rule was that Stanley used daylight saving and the Camp
1128 # did not. However for various reasons many people in the Camp have
1129 # started to use daylight saving (known locally as 'Stanley Time')
1130 # There is no rule as to who uses daylight saving - it is a matter of
1131 # personal choice and so it is impossible to draw a map showing who
1132 # uses it and who does not. Any list would be out of date as soon as
1133 # it was produced. This year daylight saving ended on April 18/19th
1134 # and started again on September 12/13th.  I do not know what the rule
1135 # is, but can find out if you like.  We do not change at the same time
1136 # as UK or Chile."
1137 #
1138 # I did have in my notes that the rule was "Second Saturday in Sep at
1139 # 0:00 until third Saturday in Apr at 0:00".  I think that this does
1140 # not agree in some cases with Shanks; is this true?
1141 #
1142 # Also, there is no mention in the list that some areas in the
1143 # Falklands do not use DST.  I have found in my communications there
1144 # that these areas are on the western half of East Falkland and all of
1145 # West Falkland.  Stanley is the only place that consistently observes
1146 # DST.  Again, as in other places in the world, the farmers don't like
1147 # it.  West Falkland is almost entirely sheep farmers.
1148 #
1149 # I know one lady there that keeps a list of which farm keeps DST and
1150 # which doesn't each year.  She runs a shop in Stanley, and says that
1151 # the list changes each year.  She uses it to communicate to her
1152 # customers, catching them when they are home for lunch or dinner.
1153 
1154 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
1155 # For now, we'll just record the time in Stanley, since we have no
1156 # better info.
1157 
1158 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1159 Rule    Falk    1937    1938    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    1:00    S
1160 Rule    Falk    1938    1942    -       Mar     Sun>=19      0:00    0       -
1161 Rule    Falk    1939    only    -       Oct     1       0:00    1:00    S
1162 Rule    Falk    1940    1942    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    1:00    S
1163 Rule    Falk    1943    only    -       Jan     1       0:00    0       -
1164 Rule    Falk    1983    only    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    1:00    S
1165 Rule    Falk    1984    1985    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    0       -
1166 Rule    Falk    1984    only    -       Sep     16      0:00    1:00    S
1167 Rule    Falk    1985    2000    -       Sep     Sun>=9       0:00    1:00    S
1168 Rule    Falk    1986    2000    -       Apr     Sun>=16      0:00    0       -
1169 Rule    Falk    2001    max     -       Apr     Sun>=15      2:00    0       -
1170 Rule    Falk    2001    max     -       Sep     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    S
1171 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1172 Zone Atlantic/Stanley   -3:51:24 -      LMT     1890
1173                         -3:51:24 -      SMT     1912 Mar 12  # Stanley Mean Time
1174                         -4:00   Falk    FK%sT   1983 May     # Falkland Is Time
1175                         -3:00   Falk    FK%sT   1985 Sep 15
1176                         -4:00   Falk    FK%sT
1177 
1178 # French Guiana
1179 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1180 Zone America/Cayenne    -3:29:20 -      LMT     1911 Jul
1181                         -4:00   -       GFT     1967 Oct # French Guiana Time
1182                         -3:00   -       GFT
1183 
1184 # Guyana
1185 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1186 Zone    America/Guyana  -3:52:40 -      LMT     1915 Mar        # Georgetown
1187                         -3:45   -       GBGT    1966 May 26 # Br Guiana Time
1188                         -3:45   -       GYT     1975 Jul 31 # Guyana Time
1189                         -3:00   -       GYT     1991
1190 # IATA SSIM (1996-06) says -4:00.  Assume a 1991 switch.
1191                         -4:00   -       GYT
1192 
1193 # Paraguay
1194 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1195 # Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are from 01:00 -> 02:00,
1196 # and autumn transitions are from 00:00 -> 23:00.  Go with pre-1999
1197 # editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
1198 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1199 Rule    Para    1975    1988    -       Oct      1      0:00    1:00    S
1200 Rule    Para    1975    1978    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
1201 Rule    Para    1979    1991    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
1202 Rule    Para    1989    only    -       Oct     22      0:00    1:00    S
1203 Rule    Para    1990    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    1:00    S
1204 Rule    Para    1991    only    -       Oct      6      0:00    1:00    S
1205 Rule    Para    1992    only    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
1206 Rule    Para    1992    only    -       Oct      5      0:00    1:00    S
1207 Rule    Para    1993    only    -       Mar     31      0:00    0       -
1208 Rule    Para    1993    1995    -       Oct      1      0:00    1:00    S
1209 Rule    Para    1994    1995    -       Feb     lastSun 0:00    0       -
1210 Rule    Para    1996    only    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
1211 # IATA SSIM (2000-02) says 1999-10-10; ignore this for now.
1212 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-02):
1213 # I have three independent reports that Paraguay changed to DST this Sunday
1214 # (10-01).
1215 #
1216 # Translated by Gwillim Law (2001-02-27) from
1217 # <a href="http://www.diarionoticias.com.py/011000/nacional/naciona1.htm">
1218 # Noticias, a daily paper in Asuncion, Paraguay (2000-10-01)
1219 # </a>:
1220 # Starting at 0:00 today, the clock will be set forward 60 minutes, in
1221 # fulfillment of Decree No. 7,273 of the Executive Power....  The time change
1222 # system has been operating for several years.  Formerly there was a separate
1223 # decree each year; the new law has the same effect, but permanently.  Every
1224 # year, the time will change on the first Sunday of October; likewise, the
1225 # clock will be set back on the first Sunday of March.
1226 #
1227 Rule    Para    1996    2001    -       Oct     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    S
1228 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1229 Rule    Para    1997    only    -       Feb     lastSun 0:00    0       -
1230 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1999-02-28; IATA SSIM (1999-02) says 1999-02-27, but
1231 # (1999-09) reports no date; go with above sources and Gerd Knops (2001-02-27).
1232 Rule    Para    1998    2001    -       Mar     Sun>=1       0:00    0       -
1233 # From Rives McDow (2002-02-28):
1234 # A decree was issued in Paraguay (no. 16350) on 2002-02-26 that changed the
1235 # dst method to be from the first Sunday in September to the first Sunday in
1236 # April.
1237 Rule    Para    2002    2004    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:00    0       -
1238 Rule    Para    2002    2003    -       Sep     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    S
1239 #
1240 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
1241 # There are several sources that claim that Paraguay made
1242 # a timezone rule change in autumn 2004.
1243 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-01-05):
1244 # Decree 1,867 (2004-03-05)
1245 # From Carlos Raul Perasso via Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
1246 # <http://www.presidencia.gov.py/decretos/D1867.pdf>
1247 Rule    Para    2004    max     -       Oct     Sun>=15      0:00    1:00    S
1248 Rule    Para    2005    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8       0:00    0       -
1249 
1250 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1251 Zone America/Asuncion   -3:50:40 -      LMT     1890
1252                         -3:50:40 -      AMT     1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
1253                         -4:00   -       PYT     1972 Oct # Paraguay Time
1254                         -3:00   -       PYT     1974 Apr
1255                         -4:00   Para    PY%sT
1256 
1257 # Peru
1258 #
1259 # <a href="news:xrGmb.39935$gA1.13896113@news4.srv.hcvlny.cv.net">
1260 # From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26):</a>
1261 # When we were in Peru in 1985-1986, they apparently switched over
1262 # sometime between December 29 and January 3 while we were on the Amazon.
1263 #
1264 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1265 # Shanks & Pottenger don't have this transition.  Assume 1986 was like 1987.
1266 
1267 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1268 Rule    Peru    1938    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    1:00    S
1269 Rule    Peru    1938    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
1270 Rule    Peru    1938    1939    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    1:00    S
1271 Rule    Peru    1939    1940    -       Mar     Sun>=24      0:00    0       -
1272 Rule    Peru    1986    1987    -       Jan      1      0:00    1:00    S
1273 Rule    Peru    1986    1987    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
1274 Rule    Peru    1990    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    1:00    S
1275 Rule    Peru    1990    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
1276 # IATA is ambiguous for 1993/1995; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1277 Rule    Peru    1994    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    1:00    S
1278 Rule    Peru    1994    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
1279 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1280 Zone    America/Lima    -5:08:12 -      LMT     1890
1281                         -5:08:36 -      LMT     1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time?
1282                         -5:00   Peru    PE%sT   # Peru Time
1283 
1284 # South Georgia
1285 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1286 Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -  LMT     1890            # Grytviken
1287                         -2:00   -       GST     # South Georgia Time
1288 
1289 # South Sandwich Is
1290 # uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered
1291 
1292 # Suriname
1293 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1294 Zone America/Paramaribo -3:40:40 -      LMT     1911
1295                         -3:40:52 -      PMT     1935     # Paramaribo Mean Time
1296                         -3:40:36 -      PMT     1945 Oct # The capital moved?
1297                         -3:30   -       NEGT    1975 Nov 20 # Dutch Guiana Time
1298                         -3:30   -       SRT     1984 Oct # Suriname Time
1299                         -3:00   -       SRT
1300 
1301 # Trinidad and Tobago
1302 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1303 Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 -   LMT     1912 Mar 2
1304                         -4:00   -       AST
1305 
1306 # Uruguay
1307 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
1308 # Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
1309 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1310 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1311 # Whitman gives 1923 Oct 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1312 Rule    Uruguay 1923    only    -       Oct      2       0:00   0:30    HS
1313 Rule    Uruguay 1924    1926    -       Apr      1       0:00   0       -
1314 Rule    Uruguay 1924    1925    -       Oct      1       0:00   0:30    HS
1315 Rule    Uruguay 1933    1935    -       Oct     lastSun  0:00   0:30    HS
1316 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 1 0:00 & 1936 Mar 30 0:00; go with Whitman.
1317 Rule    Uruguay 1934    1936    -       Mar     Sat>=25      23:30s  0       -
1318 Rule    Uruguay 1936    only    -       Nov      1       0:00   0:30    HS
1319 Rule    Uruguay 1937    1941    -       Mar     lastSun  0:00   0       -
1320 # Whitman gives 1937 Oct 3; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1321 Rule    Uruguay 1937    1940    -       Oct     lastSun  0:00   0:30    HS
1322 # Whitman gives 1941 Oct 24 - 1942 Mar 27, 1942 Dec 14 - 1943 Apr 13,
1323 # and 1943 Apr 13 ``to present time''; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1324 Rule    Uruguay 1941    only    -       Aug      1       0:00   0:30    HS
1325 Rule    Uruguay 1942    only    -       Jan      1       0:00   0       -
1326 Rule    Uruguay 1942    only    -       Dec     14       0:00   1:00    S
1327 Rule    Uruguay 1943    only    -       Mar     14       0:00   0       -
1328 Rule    Uruguay 1959    only    -       May     24       0:00   1:00    S
1329 Rule    Uruguay 1959    only    -       Nov     15       0:00   0       -
1330 Rule    Uruguay 1960    only    -       Jan     17       0:00   1:00    S
1331 Rule    Uruguay 1960    only    -       Mar      6       0:00   0       -
1332 Rule    Uruguay 1965    1967    -       Apr     Sun>=1        0:00   1:00    S
1333 Rule    Uruguay 1965    only    -       Sep     26       0:00   0       -
1334 Rule    Uruguay 1966    1967    -       Oct     31       0:00   0       -
1335 Rule    Uruguay 1968    1970    -       May     27       0:00   0:30    HS
1336 Rule    Uruguay 1968    1970    -       Dec      2       0:00   0       -
1337 Rule    Uruguay 1972    only    -       Apr     24       0:00   1:00    S
1338 Rule    Uruguay 1972    only    -       Aug     15       0:00   0       -
1339 Rule    Uruguay 1974    only    -       Mar     10       0:00   0:30    HS
1340 Rule    Uruguay 1974    only    -       Dec     22       0:00   1:00    S
1341 Rule    Uruguay 1976    only    -       Oct      1       0:00   0       -
1342 Rule    Uruguay 1977    only    -       Dec      4       0:00   1:00    S
1343 Rule    Uruguay 1978    only    -       Apr      1       0:00   0       -
1344 Rule    Uruguay 1979    only    -       Oct      1       0:00   1:00    S
1345 Rule    Uruguay 1980    only    -       May      1       0:00   0       -
1346 Rule    Uruguay 1987    only    -       Dec     14       0:00   1:00    S
1347 Rule    Uruguay 1988    only    -       Mar     14       0:00   0       -
1348 Rule    Uruguay 1988    only    -       Dec     11       0:00   1:00    S
1349 Rule    Uruguay 1989    only    -       Mar     12       0:00   0       -
1350 Rule    Uruguay 1989    only    -       Oct     29       0:00   1:00    S
1351 # Shanks & Pottenger say no DST was observed in 1990/1 and 1991/2,
1352 # and that 1992/3's DST was from 10-25 to 03-01.  Go with IATA.
1353 Rule    Uruguay 1990    1992    -       Mar     Sun>=1        0:00   0       -
1354 Rule    Uruguay 1990    1991    -       Oct     Sun>=21       0:00   1:00    S
1355 Rule    Uruguay 1992    only    -       Oct     18       0:00   1:00    S
1356 Rule    Uruguay 1993    only    -       Feb     28       0:00   0       -
1357 # From Eduardo Cota (2004-09-20):
1358 # The uruguayan government has decreed a change in the local time....
1359 # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/decretos/2004091502.htm
1360 Rule    Uruguay 2004    only    -       Sep     19       0:00   1:00    S
1361 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-03-11):
1362 # Uruguay's DST was scheduled to end on Sunday, 2005-03-13, but in order to
1363 # save energy ... it was postponed two weeks....
1364 # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_Web/noticias/2005/03/2005031005.htm
1365 Rule    Uruguay 2005    only    -       Mar     27       2:00   0       -
1366 # From Eduardo Cota (2005-09-27):
1367 # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_Web/decretos/2005/09/CM%20119_09%2009%202005_00001.PDF
1368 # This means that from 2005-10-09 at 02:00 local time, until 2006-03-12 at
1369 # 02:00 local time, official time in Uruguay will be at GMT -2.
1370 Rule    Uruguay 2005    only    -       Oct      9       2:00   1:00    S
1371 Rule    Uruguay 2006    only    -       Mar     12       2:00   0       -
1372 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-09-06):
1373 # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_web/decretos/2006/09/CM%20210_08%2006%202006_00001.PDF
1374 Rule    Uruguay 2006    max     -       Oct     Sun>=1        2:00   1:00    S
1375 Rule    Uruguay 2007    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8        2:00   0       -
1376 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1377 Zone America/Montevideo -3:44:44 -      LMT     1898 Jun 28
1378                         -3:44:44 -      MMT     1920 May  1     # Montevideo MT
1379                         -3:30   Uruguay UY%sT   1942 Dec 14     # Uruguay Time
1380                         -3:00   Uruguay UY%sT
1381 
1382 # Venezuela
1383 #
1384 # From John Stainforth (2007-11-28):
1385 # ... the change for Venezuela originally expected for 2007-12-31 has
1386 # been brought forward to 2007-12-09.  The official announcement was
1387 # published today in the "Gaceta Oficial de la Republica Bolivariana
1388 # de Venezuela, numero 38.819" (official document for all laws or
1389 # resolution publication)
1390 # http://www.globovision.com/news.php?nid=72208
1391 
1392 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1393 Zone    America/Caracas -4:27:44 -      LMT     1890
1394                         -4:27:40 -      CMT     1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time?
1395                         -4:30   -       VET     1965         # Venezuela Time
1396                         -4:00   -       VET     2007 Dec  9 03:00
1397                         -4:30   -       VET