1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 2013, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 4 * 5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 6 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 7 * published by the Free Software Foundation. 8 * 9 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 10 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 11 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 12 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 13 * accompanied this code). 14 * 15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 16 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 17 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 18 * 19 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 20 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 21 * questions. 22 * 23 */ 24 25 #include "precompiled.hpp" 26 #include "gc/g1/concurrentG1Refine.hpp" 27 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp" 28 #include "gc/g1/g1GCPhaseTimes.hpp" 29 #include "gc/g1/g1Log.hpp" 30 #include "gc/g1/g1StringDedup.hpp" 31 #include "gc/g1/workerDataArray.inline.hpp" 32 #include "memory/allocation.hpp" 33 #include "runtime/os.hpp" 34 35 // Helper class for avoiding interleaved logging 36 class LineBuffer: public StackObj { 37 38 private: 39 static const int BUFFER_LEN = 1024; 40 static const int INDENT_CHARS = 3; 41 char _buffer[BUFFER_LEN]; 42 int _indent_level; 43 int _cur; 44 45 void vappend(const char* format, va_list ap) ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF(2, 0) { 46 int res = vsnprintf(&_buffer[_cur], BUFFER_LEN - _cur, format, ap); 47 if (res != -1) { 48 _cur += res; 49 } else { 50 DEBUG_ONLY(warning("buffer too small in LineBuffer");) 51 _buffer[BUFFER_LEN -1] = 0; 52 _cur = BUFFER_LEN; // vsnprintf above should not add to _buffer if we are called again 53 } 54 } 55 56 public: 57 explicit LineBuffer(int indent_level): _indent_level(indent_level), _cur(0) { 58 for (; (_cur < BUFFER_LEN && _cur < (_indent_level * INDENT_CHARS)); _cur++) { 59 _buffer[_cur] = ' '; 60 } 61 } 62 63 #ifndef PRODUCT 64 ~LineBuffer() { 65 assert(_cur == _indent_level * INDENT_CHARS, "pending data in buffer - append_and_print_cr() not called?"); 66 } 67 #endif 68 69 void append(const char* format, ...) ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF(2, 3) { 70 va_list ap; 71 va_start(ap, format); 72 vappend(format, ap); 73 va_end(ap); 74 } 75 76 void print_cr() { 77 gclog_or_tty->print_cr("%s", _buffer); 78 _cur = _indent_level * INDENT_CHARS; 79 } 80 81 void append_and_print_cr(const char* format, ...) ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF(2, 3) { 82 va_list ap; 83 va_start(ap, format); 84 vappend(format, ap); 85 va_end(ap); 86 print_cr(); 87 } 88 }; 89 90 G1GCPhaseTimes::G1GCPhaseTimes(uint max_gc_threads) : 91 _max_gc_threads(max_gc_threads) 92 { 93 assert(max_gc_threads > 0, "Must have some GC threads"); 94 95 _gc_par_phases[GCWorkerStart] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "GC Worker Start (ms)", false, G1Log::LevelFiner, 2); 96 _gc_par_phases[ExtRootScan] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "Ext Root Scanning (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFiner, 2); 97 98 // Root scanning phases 99 _gc_par_phases[ThreadRoots] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "Thread Roots (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFinest, 3); 100 _gc_par_phases[StringTableRoots] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "StringTable Roots (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFinest, 3); 101 _gc_par_phases[UniverseRoots] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "Universe Roots (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFinest, 3); 102 _gc_par_phases[JNIRoots] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "JNI Handles Roots (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFinest, 3); 103 _gc_par_phases[ObjectSynchronizerRoots] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "ObjectSynchronizer Roots (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFinest, 3); 104 _gc_par_phases[FlatProfilerRoots] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "FlatProfiler Roots (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFinest, 3); 105 _gc_par_phases[ManagementRoots] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "Management Roots (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFinest, 3); 106 _gc_par_phases[SystemDictionaryRoots] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "SystemDictionary Roots (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFinest, 3); 107 _gc_par_phases[CLDGRoots] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "CLDG Roots (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFinest, 3); 108 _gc_par_phases[JVMTIRoots] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "JVMTI Roots (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFinest, 3); 109 _gc_par_phases[CMRefRoots] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "CM RefProcessor Roots (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFinest, 3); 110 _gc_par_phases[WaitForStrongCLD] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "Wait For Strong CLD (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFinest, 3); 111 _gc_par_phases[WeakCLDRoots] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "Weak CLD Roots (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFinest, 3); 112 _gc_par_phases[SATBFiltering] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "SATB Filtering (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFinest, 3); 113 114 _gc_par_phases[UpdateRS] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "Update RS (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFiner, 2); 115 _gc_par_phases[ScanHCC] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "Scan HCC (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFiner, 3); 116 _gc_par_phases[ScanHCC]->set_enabled(ConcurrentG1Refine::hot_card_cache_enabled()); 117 _gc_par_phases[ScanRS] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "Scan RS (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFiner, 2); 118 _gc_par_phases[CodeRoots] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "Code Root Scanning (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFiner, 2); 119 _gc_par_phases[ObjCopy] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "Object Copy (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFiner, 2); 120 _gc_par_phases[Termination] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "Termination (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFiner, 2); 121 _gc_par_phases[GCWorkerTotal] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "GC Worker Total (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFiner, 2); 122 _gc_par_phases[GCWorkerEnd] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "GC Worker End (ms)", false, G1Log::LevelFiner, 2); 123 _gc_par_phases[Other] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "GC Worker Other (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFiner, 2); 124 125 _update_rs_processed_buffers = new WorkerDataArray<size_t>(max_gc_threads, "Processed Buffers", true, G1Log::LevelFiner, 3); 126 _gc_par_phases[UpdateRS]->link_thread_work_items(_update_rs_processed_buffers); 127 128 _termination_attempts = new WorkerDataArray<size_t>(max_gc_threads, "Termination Attempts", true, G1Log::LevelFinest, 3); 129 _gc_par_phases[Termination]->link_thread_work_items(_termination_attempts); 130 131 _gc_par_phases[StringDedupQueueFixup] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "Queue Fixup (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFiner, 2); 132 _gc_par_phases[StringDedupTableFixup] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "Table Fixup (ms)", true, G1Log::LevelFiner, 2); 133 134 _gc_par_phases[RedirtyCards] = new WorkerDataArray<double>(max_gc_threads, "Parallel Redirty", true, G1Log::LevelFinest, 3); 135 _redirtied_cards = new WorkerDataArray<size_t>(max_gc_threads, "Redirtied Cards", true, G1Log::LevelFinest, 3); 136 _gc_par_phases[RedirtyCards]->link_thread_work_items(_redirtied_cards); 137 } 138 139 void G1GCPhaseTimes::note_gc_start(uint active_gc_threads) { 140 assert(active_gc_threads > 0, "The number of threads must be > 0"); 141 assert(active_gc_threads <= _max_gc_threads, "The number of active threads must be <= the max number of threads"); 142 _active_gc_threads = active_gc_threads; 143 _cur_expand_heap_time_ms = 0.0; 144 145 for (int i = 0; i < GCParPhasesSentinel; i++) { 146 _gc_par_phases[i]->reset(); 147 } 148 149 _gc_par_phases[StringDedupQueueFixup]->set_enabled(G1StringDedup::is_enabled()); 150 _gc_par_phases[StringDedupTableFixup]->set_enabled(G1StringDedup::is_enabled()); 151 } 152 153 void G1GCPhaseTimes::note_gc_end() { 154 for (uint i = 0; i < _active_gc_threads; i++) { 155 double worker_time = _gc_par_phases[GCWorkerEnd]->get(i) - _gc_par_phases[GCWorkerStart]->get(i); 156 record_time_secs(GCWorkerTotal, i , worker_time); 157 158 double worker_known_time = 159 _gc_par_phases[ExtRootScan]->get(i) + 160 _gc_par_phases[SATBFiltering]->get(i) + 161 _gc_par_phases[UpdateRS]->get(i) + 162 _gc_par_phases[ScanRS]->get(i) + 163 _gc_par_phases[CodeRoots]->get(i) + 164 _gc_par_phases[ObjCopy]->get(i) + 165 _gc_par_phases[Termination]->get(i); 166 167 record_time_secs(Other, i, worker_time - worker_known_time); 168 } 169 170 for (int i = 0; i < GCParPhasesSentinel; i++) { 171 _gc_par_phases[i]->verify(_active_gc_threads); 172 } 173 } 174 175 void G1GCPhaseTimes::print_stats(int level, const char* str, double value) { 176 LineBuffer(level).append_and_print_cr("[%s: %.1lf ms]", str, value); 177 } 178 179 void G1GCPhaseTimes::print_stats(int level, const char* str, size_t value) { 180 LineBuffer(level).append_and_print_cr("[%s: " SIZE_FORMAT "]", str, value); 181 } 182 183 void G1GCPhaseTimes::print_stats(int level, const char* str, double value, uint workers) { 184 LineBuffer(level).append_and_print_cr("[%s: %.1lf ms, GC Workers: %u]", str, value, workers); 185 } 186 187 double G1GCPhaseTimes::accounted_time_ms() { 188 // Subtract the root region scanning wait time. It's initialized to 189 // zero at the start of the pause. 190 double misc_time_ms = _root_region_scan_wait_time_ms; 191 192 misc_time_ms += _cur_collection_par_time_ms; 193 194 // Now subtract the time taken to fix up roots in generated code 195 misc_time_ms += _cur_collection_code_root_fixup_time_ms; 196 197 // Strong code root purge time 198 misc_time_ms += _cur_strong_code_root_purge_time_ms; 199 200 if (G1StringDedup::is_enabled()) { 201 // String dedup fixup time 202 misc_time_ms += _cur_string_dedup_fixup_time_ms; 203 } 204 205 // Subtract the time taken to clean the card table from the 206 // current value of "other time" 207 misc_time_ms += _cur_clear_ct_time_ms; 208 209 // Remove expand heap time from "other time" 210 misc_time_ms += _cur_expand_heap_time_ms; 211 212 return misc_time_ms; 213 } 214 215 // record the time a phase took in seconds 216 void G1GCPhaseTimes::record_time_secs(GCParPhases phase, uint worker_i, double secs) { 217 _gc_par_phases[phase]->set(worker_i, secs); 218 } 219 220 // add a number of seconds to a phase 221 void G1GCPhaseTimes::add_time_secs(GCParPhases phase, uint worker_i, double secs) { 222 _gc_par_phases[phase]->add(worker_i, secs); 223 } 224 225 void G1GCPhaseTimes::record_thread_work_item(GCParPhases phase, uint worker_i, size_t count) { 226 _gc_par_phases[phase]->set_thread_work_item(worker_i, count); 227 } 228 229 // return the average time for a phase in milliseconds 230 double G1GCPhaseTimes::average_time_ms(GCParPhases phase) { 231 return _gc_par_phases[phase]->average(_active_gc_threads) * 1000.0; 232 } 233 234 double G1GCPhaseTimes::get_time_ms(GCParPhases phase, uint worker_i) { 235 return _gc_par_phases[phase]->get(worker_i) * 1000.0; 236 } 237 238 double G1GCPhaseTimes::sum_time_ms(GCParPhases phase) { 239 return _gc_par_phases[phase]->sum(_active_gc_threads) * 1000.0; 240 } 241 242 double G1GCPhaseTimes::min_time_ms(GCParPhases phase) { 243 return _gc_par_phases[phase]->minimum(_active_gc_threads) * 1000.0; 244 } 245 246 double G1GCPhaseTimes::max_time_ms(GCParPhases phase) { 247 return _gc_par_phases[phase]->maximum(_active_gc_threads) * 1000.0; 248 } 249 250 size_t G1GCPhaseTimes::get_thread_work_item(GCParPhases phase, uint worker_i) { 251 assert(_gc_par_phases[phase]->thread_work_items() != NULL, "No sub count"); 252 return _gc_par_phases[phase]->thread_work_items()->get(worker_i); 253 } 254 255 size_t G1GCPhaseTimes::sum_thread_work_items(GCParPhases phase) { 256 assert(_gc_par_phases[phase]->thread_work_items() != NULL, "No sub count"); 257 return _gc_par_phases[phase]->thread_work_items()->sum(_active_gc_threads); 258 } 259 260 double G1GCPhaseTimes::average_thread_work_items(GCParPhases phase) { 261 assert(_gc_par_phases[phase]->thread_work_items() != NULL, "No sub count"); 262 return _gc_par_phases[phase]->thread_work_items()->average(_active_gc_threads); 263 } 264 265 size_t G1GCPhaseTimes::min_thread_work_items(GCParPhases phase) { 266 assert(_gc_par_phases[phase]->thread_work_items() != NULL, "No sub count"); 267 return _gc_par_phases[phase]->thread_work_items()->minimum(_active_gc_threads); 268 } 269 270 size_t G1GCPhaseTimes::max_thread_work_items(GCParPhases phase) { 271 assert(_gc_par_phases[phase]->thread_work_items() != NULL, "No sub count"); 272 return _gc_par_phases[phase]->thread_work_items()->maximum(_active_gc_threads); 273 } 274 275 class G1GCParPhasePrinter : public StackObj { 276 G1GCPhaseTimes* _phase_times; 277 public: 278 G1GCParPhasePrinter(G1GCPhaseTimes* phase_times) : _phase_times(phase_times) {} 279 280 void print(G1GCPhaseTimes::GCParPhases phase_id) { 281 WorkerDataArray<double>* phase = _phase_times->_gc_par_phases[phase_id]; 282 283 if (phase->_log_level > G1Log::level() || !phase->_enabled) { 284 return; 285 } 286 287 if (phase->_length == 1) { 288 print_single_length(phase_id, phase); 289 } else { 290 print_multi_length(phase_id, phase); 291 } 292 } 293 294 private: 295 296 void print_single_length(G1GCPhaseTimes::GCParPhases phase_id, WorkerDataArray<double>* phase) { 297 // No need for min, max, average and sum for only one worker 298 LineBuffer buf(phase->_indent_level); 299 buf.append_and_print_cr("[%s: %.1lf]", phase->_title, _phase_times->get_time_ms(phase_id, 0)); 300 301 if (phase->_thread_work_items != NULL) { 302 LineBuffer buf2(phase->_thread_work_items->_indent_level); 303 buf2.append_and_print_cr("[%s: " SIZE_FORMAT "]", phase->_thread_work_items->_title, _phase_times->sum_thread_work_items(phase_id)); 304 } 305 } 306 307 void print_time_values(LineBuffer& buf, G1GCPhaseTimes::GCParPhases phase_id, WorkerDataArray<double>* phase) { 308 uint active_length = _phase_times->_active_gc_threads; 309 for (uint i = 0; i < active_length; ++i) { 310 buf.append(" %.1lf", _phase_times->get_time_ms(phase_id, i)); 311 } 312 buf.print_cr(); 313 } 314 315 void print_count_values(LineBuffer& buf, G1GCPhaseTimes::GCParPhases phase_id, WorkerDataArray<size_t>* thread_work_items) { 316 uint active_length = _phase_times->_active_gc_threads; 317 for (uint i = 0; i < active_length; ++i) { 318 buf.append(" " SIZE_FORMAT, _phase_times->get_thread_work_item(phase_id, i)); 319 } 320 buf.print_cr(); 321 } 322 323 void print_thread_work_items(G1GCPhaseTimes::GCParPhases phase_id, WorkerDataArray<size_t>* thread_work_items) { 324 LineBuffer buf(thread_work_items->_indent_level); 325 buf.append("[%s:", thread_work_items->_title); 326 327 if (G1Log::finest()) { 328 print_count_values(buf, phase_id, thread_work_items); 329 } 330 331 assert(thread_work_items->_print_sum, "%s does not have print sum true even though it is a count", thread_work_items->_title); 332 333 buf.append_and_print_cr(" Min: " SIZE_FORMAT ", Avg: %.1lf, Max: " SIZE_FORMAT ", Diff: " SIZE_FORMAT ", Sum: " SIZE_FORMAT "]", 334 _phase_times->min_thread_work_items(phase_id), _phase_times->average_thread_work_items(phase_id), _phase_times->max_thread_work_items(phase_id), 335 _phase_times->max_thread_work_items(phase_id) - _phase_times->min_thread_work_items(phase_id), _phase_times->sum_thread_work_items(phase_id)); 336 } 337 338 void print_multi_length(G1GCPhaseTimes::GCParPhases phase_id, WorkerDataArray<double>* phase) { 339 LineBuffer buf(phase->_indent_level); 340 buf.append("[%s:", phase->_title); 341 342 if (G1Log::finest()) { 343 print_time_values(buf, phase_id, phase); 344 } 345 346 buf.append(" Min: %.1lf, Avg: %.1lf, Max: %.1lf, Diff: %.1lf", 347 _phase_times->min_time_ms(phase_id), _phase_times->average_time_ms(phase_id), _phase_times->max_time_ms(phase_id), 348 _phase_times->max_time_ms(phase_id) - _phase_times->min_time_ms(phase_id)); 349 350 if (phase->_print_sum) { 351 // for things like the start and end times the sum is not 352 // that relevant 353 buf.append(", Sum: %.1lf", _phase_times->sum_time_ms(phase_id)); 354 } 355 356 buf.append_and_print_cr("]"); 357 358 if (phase->_thread_work_items != NULL) { 359 print_thread_work_items(phase_id, phase->_thread_work_items); 360 } 361 } 362 }; 363 364 void G1GCPhaseTimes::print(double pause_time_sec) { 365 note_gc_end(); 366 367 G1GCParPhasePrinter par_phase_printer(this); 368 369 if (_root_region_scan_wait_time_ms > 0.0) { 370 print_stats(1, "Root Region Scan Waiting", _root_region_scan_wait_time_ms); 371 } 372 373 print_stats(1, "Parallel Time", _cur_collection_par_time_ms, _active_gc_threads); 374 for (int i = 0; i <= GCMainParPhasesLast; i++) { 375 par_phase_printer.print((GCParPhases) i); 376 } 377 378 print_stats(1, "Code Root Fixup", _cur_collection_code_root_fixup_time_ms); 379 print_stats(1, "Code Root Purge", _cur_strong_code_root_purge_time_ms); 380 if (G1StringDedup::is_enabled()) { 381 print_stats(1, "String Dedup Fixup", _cur_string_dedup_fixup_time_ms, _active_gc_threads); 382 for (int i = StringDedupPhasesFirst; i <= StringDedupPhasesLast; i++) { 383 par_phase_printer.print((GCParPhases) i); 384 } 385 } 386 print_stats(1, "Clear CT", _cur_clear_ct_time_ms); 387 print_stats(1, "Expand Heap After Collection", _cur_expand_heap_time_ms); 388 389 double misc_time_ms = pause_time_sec * MILLIUNITS - accounted_time_ms(); 390 print_stats(1, "Other", misc_time_ms); 391 if (_cur_verify_before_time_ms > 0.0) { 392 print_stats(2, "Verify Before", _cur_verify_before_time_ms); 393 } 394 if (G1CollectedHeap::heap()->evacuation_failed()) { 395 double evac_fail_handling = _cur_evac_fail_recalc_used + _cur_evac_fail_remove_self_forwards + 396 _cur_evac_fail_restore_remsets; 397 print_stats(2, "Evacuation Failure", evac_fail_handling); 398 if (G1Log::finest()) { 399 print_stats(3, "Recalculate Used", _cur_evac_fail_recalc_used); 400 print_stats(3, "Remove Self Forwards", _cur_evac_fail_remove_self_forwards); 401 print_stats(3, "Restore RemSet", _cur_evac_fail_restore_remsets); 402 } 403 } 404 print_stats(2, "Choose CSet", 405 (_recorded_young_cset_choice_time_ms + 406 _recorded_non_young_cset_choice_time_ms)); 407 print_stats(2, "Ref Proc", _cur_ref_proc_time_ms); 408 print_stats(2, "Ref Enq", _cur_ref_enq_time_ms); 409 print_stats(2, "Redirty Cards", _recorded_redirty_logged_cards_time_ms); 410 par_phase_printer.print(RedirtyCards); 411 if (G1EagerReclaimHumongousObjects) { 412 print_stats(2, "Humongous Register", _cur_fast_reclaim_humongous_register_time_ms); 413 if (G1Log::finest()) { 414 print_stats(3, "Humongous Total", _cur_fast_reclaim_humongous_total); 415 print_stats(3, "Humongous Candidate", _cur_fast_reclaim_humongous_candidates); 416 } 417 print_stats(2, "Humongous Reclaim", _cur_fast_reclaim_humongous_time_ms); 418 if (G1Log::finest()) { 419 print_stats(3, "Humongous Reclaimed", _cur_fast_reclaim_humongous_reclaimed); 420 } 421 } 422 print_stats(2, "Free CSet", 423 (_recorded_young_free_cset_time_ms + 424 _recorded_non_young_free_cset_time_ms)); 425 if (G1Log::finest()) { 426 print_stats(3, "Young Free CSet", _recorded_young_free_cset_time_ms); 427 print_stats(3, "Non-Young Free CSet", _recorded_non_young_free_cset_time_ms); 428 } 429 if (_cur_verify_after_time_ms > 0.0) { 430 print_stats(2, "Verify After", _cur_verify_after_time_ms); 431 } 432 } 433 434 G1GCParPhaseTimesTracker::G1GCParPhaseTimesTracker(G1GCPhaseTimes* phase_times, G1GCPhaseTimes::GCParPhases phase, uint worker_id) : 435 _phase_times(phase_times), _phase(phase), _worker_id(worker_id) { 436 if (_phase_times != NULL) { 437 _start_time = os::elapsedTime(); 438 } 439 } 440 441 G1GCParPhaseTimesTracker::~G1GCParPhaseTimesTracker() { 442 if (_phase_times != NULL) { 443 _phase_times->record_time_secs(_phase, _worker_id, os::elapsedTime() - _start_time); 444 } 445 } 446