1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2012, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package java.lang.invoke;
  27 
  28 import java.io.*;
  29 import java.util.*;
  30 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
  31 
  32 import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.*;
  33 
  34 import static java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm.*;
  35 import static java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm.BasicType.*;
  36 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleStatics.*;
  37 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleNatives.Constants.*;
  38 
  39 import sun.invoke.util.VerifyAccess;
  40 import sun.invoke.util.VerifyType;
  41 import sun.invoke.util.Wrapper;
  42 import sun.reflect.misc.ReflectUtil;
  43 
  44 /**
  45  * Code generation backend for LambdaForm.
  46  * <p>
  47  * @author John Rose, JSR 292 EG
  48  */
  49 class InvokerBytecodeGenerator {
  50     /** Define class names for convenience. */
  51     private static final String MH      = "java/lang/invoke/MethodHandle";
  52     private static final String MHI     = "java/lang/invoke/MethodHandleImpl";
  53     private static final String LF      = "java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm";
  54     private static final String LFN     = "java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$Name";
  55     private static final String CLS     = "java/lang/Class";
  56     private static final String OBJ     = "java/lang/Object";
  57     private static final String OBJARY  = "[Ljava/lang/Object;";
  58 
  59     private static final String MH_SIG  = "L" + MH + ";";
  60     private static final String LF_SIG  = "L" + LF + ";";
  61     private static final String LFN_SIG = "L" + LFN + ";";
  62     private static final String LL_SIG  = "(L" + OBJ + ";)L" + OBJ + ";";
  63     private static final String LLV_SIG = "(L" + OBJ + ";L" + OBJ + ";)V";
  64 
  65     /** Name of its super class*/
  66     private static final String superName = OBJ;
  67 
  68     /** Name of new class */
  69     private final String className;
  70 
  71     /** Name of the source file (for stack trace printing). */
  72     private final String sourceFile;
  73 
  74     private final LambdaForm lambdaForm;
  75     private final String     invokerName;
  76     private final MethodType invokerType;
  77 
  78     /** Info about local variables in compiled lambda form */
  79     private final int[]       localsMap;    // index
  80     private final BasicType[] localTypes;   // basic type
  81     private final Class<?>[]  localClasses; // type
  82 
  83     /** ASM bytecode generation. */
  84     private ClassWriter cw;
  85     private MethodVisitor mv;
  86 
  87     private static final MemberName.Factory MEMBERNAME_FACTORY = MemberName.getFactory();
  88     private static final Class<?> HOST_CLASS = LambdaForm.class;
  89 
  90     /** Main constructor; other constructors delegate to this one. */
  91     private InvokerBytecodeGenerator(LambdaForm lambdaForm, int localsMapSize,
  92                                      String className, String invokerName, MethodType invokerType) {
  93         if (invokerName.contains(".")) {
  94             int p = invokerName.indexOf('.');
  95             className = invokerName.substring(0, p);
  96             invokerName = invokerName.substring(p+1);
  97         }
  98         if (DUMP_CLASS_FILES) {
  99             className = makeDumpableClassName(className);
 100         }
 101         this.className  = LF + "$" + className;
 102         this.sourceFile = "LambdaForm$" + className;
 103         this.lambdaForm = lambdaForm;
 104         this.invokerName = invokerName;
 105         this.invokerType = invokerType;
 106         this.localsMap = new int[localsMapSize+1];
 107         // last entry of localsMap is count of allocated local slots
 108         this.localTypes = new BasicType[localsMapSize+1];
 109         this.localClasses = new Class<?>[localsMapSize+1];
 110     }
 111 
 112     /** For generating LambdaForm interpreter entry points. */
 113     private InvokerBytecodeGenerator(String className, String invokerName, MethodType invokerType) {
 114         this(null, invokerType.parameterCount(),
 115              className, invokerName, invokerType);
 116         // Create an array to map name indexes to locals indexes.
 117         localTypes[localTypes.length - 1] = V_TYPE;
 118         for (int i = 0; i < localsMap.length; i++) {
 119             localsMap[i] = invokerType.parameterSlotCount() - invokerType.parameterSlotDepth(i);
 120             if (i < invokerType.parameterCount())
 121                 localTypes[i] = basicType(invokerType.parameterType(i));
 122         }
 123     }
 124 
 125     /** For generating customized code for a single LambdaForm. */
 126     private InvokerBytecodeGenerator(String className, LambdaForm form, MethodType invokerType) {
 127         this(form, form.names.length,
 128              className, form.debugName, invokerType);
 129         // Create an array to map name indexes to locals indexes.
 130         Name[] names = form.names;
 131         for (int i = 0, index = 0; i < localsMap.length; i++) {
 132             localsMap[i] = index;
 133             if (i < names.length) {
 134                 BasicType type = names[i].type();
 135                 index += type.basicTypeSlots();
 136                 localTypes[i] = type;
 137             }
 138         }
 139     }
 140 
 141 
 142     /** instance counters for dumped classes */
 143     private static final HashMap<String,Integer> DUMP_CLASS_FILES_COUNTERS;
 144     /** debugging flag for saving generated class files */
 145     private static final File DUMP_CLASS_FILES_DIR;
 146 
 147     static {
 148         if (DUMP_CLASS_FILES) {
 149             DUMP_CLASS_FILES_COUNTERS = new HashMap<>();
 150             try {
 151                 File dumpDir = new File("DUMP_CLASS_FILES");
 152                 if (!dumpDir.exists()) {
 153                     dumpDir.mkdirs();
 154                 }
 155                 DUMP_CLASS_FILES_DIR = dumpDir;
 156                 System.out.println("Dumping class files to "+DUMP_CLASS_FILES_DIR+"/...");
 157             } catch (Exception e) {
 158                 throw newInternalError(e);
 159             }
 160         } else {
 161             DUMP_CLASS_FILES_COUNTERS = null;
 162             DUMP_CLASS_FILES_DIR = null;
 163         }
 164     }
 165 
 166     static void maybeDump(final String className, final byte[] classFile) {
 167         if (DUMP_CLASS_FILES) {
 168             java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
 169             new java.security.PrivilegedAction<>() {
 170                 public Void run() {
 171                     try {
 172                         String dumpName = className;
 173                         //dumpName = dumpName.replace('/', '-');
 174                         File dumpFile = new File(DUMP_CLASS_FILES_DIR, dumpName+".class");
 175                         System.out.println("dump: " + dumpFile);
 176                         dumpFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
 177                         FileOutputStream file = new FileOutputStream(dumpFile);
 178                         file.write(classFile);
 179                         file.close();
 180                         return null;
 181                     } catch (IOException ex) {
 182                         throw newInternalError(ex);
 183                     }
 184                 }
 185             });
 186         }
 187 
 188     }
 189 
 190     private static String makeDumpableClassName(String className) {
 191         Integer ctr;
 192         synchronized (DUMP_CLASS_FILES_COUNTERS) {
 193             ctr = DUMP_CLASS_FILES_COUNTERS.get(className);
 194             if (ctr == null)  ctr = 0;
 195             DUMP_CLASS_FILES_COUNTERS.put(className, ctr+1);
 196         }
 197         String sfx = ctr.toString();
 198         while (sfx.length() < 3)
 199             sfx = "0"+sfx;
 200         className += sfx;
 201         return className;
 202     }
 203 
 204     class CpPatch {
 205         final int index;
 206         final String placeholder;
 207         final Object value;
 208         CpPatch(int index, String placeholder, Object value) {
 209             this.index = index;
 210             this.placeholder = placeholder;
 211             this.value = value;
 212         }
 213         public String toString() {
 214             return "CpPatch/index="+index+",placeholder="+placeholder+",value="+value;
 215         }
 216     }
 217 
 218     Map<Object, CpPatch> cpPatches = new HashMap<>();
 219 
 220     int cph = 0;  // for counting constant placeholders
 221 
 222     String constantPlaceholder(Object arg) {
 223         String cpPlaceholder = "CONSTANT_PLACEHOLDER_" + cph++;
 224         if (DUMP_CLASS_FILES) cpPlaceholder += " <<" + debugString(arg) + ">>";  // debugging aid
 225         if (cpPatches.containsKey(cpPlaceholder)) {
 226             throw new InternalError("observed CP placeholder twice: " + cpPlaceholder);
 227         }
 228         // insert placeholder in CP and remember the patch
 229         int index = cw.newConst((Object) cpPlaceholder);  // TODO check if already in the constant pool
 230         cpPatches.put(cpPlaceholder, new CpPatch(index, cpPlaceholder, arg));
 231         return cpPlaceholder;
 232     }
 233 
 234     Object[] cpPatches(byte[] classFile) {
 235         int size = getConstantPoolSize(classFile);
 236         Object[] res = new Object[size];
 237         for (CpPatch p : cpPatches.values()) {
 238             if (p.index >= size)
 239                 throw new InternalError("in cpool["+size+"]: "+p+"\n"+Arrays.toString(Arrays.copyOf(classFile, 20)));
 240             res[p.index] = p.value;
 241         }
 242         return res;
 243     }
 244 
 245     private static String debugString(Object arg) {
 246         if (arg instanceof MethodHandle) {
 247             MethodHandle mh = (MethodHandle) arg;
 248             MemberName member = mh.internalMemberName();
 249             if (member != null)
 250                 return member.toString();
 251             return mh.debugString();
 252         }
 253         return arg.toString();
 254     }
 255 
 256     /**
 257      * Extract the number of constant pool entries from a given class file.
 258      *
 259      * @param classFile the bytes of the class file in question.
 260      * @return the number of entries in the constant pool.
 261      */
 262     private static int getConstantPoolSize(byte[] classFile) {
 263         // The first few bytes:
 264         // u4 magic;
 265         // u2 minor_version;
 266         // u2 major_version;
 267         // u2 constant_pool_count;
 268         return ((classFile[8] & 0xFF) << 8) | (classFile[9] & 0xFF);
 269     }
 270 
 271     /**
 272      * Extract the MemberName of a newly-defined method.
 273      */
 274     private MemberName loadMethod(byte[] classFile) {
 275         Class<?> invokerClass = loadAndInitializeInvokerClass(classFile, cpPatches(classFile));
 276         return resolveInvokerMember(invokerClass, invokerName, invokerType);
 277     }
 278 
 279     /**
 280      * Define a given class as anonymous class in the runtime system.
 281      */
 282     private static Class<?> loadAndInitializeInvokerClass(byte[] classBytes, Object[] patches) {
 283         Class<?> invokerClass = UNSAFE.defineAnonymousClass(HOST_CLASS, classBytes, patches);
 284         UNSAFE.ensureClassInitialized(invokerClass);  // Make sure the class is initialized; VM might complain.
 285         return invokerClass;
 286     }
 287 
 288     private static MemberName resolveInvokerMember(Class<?> invokerClass, String name, MethodType type) {
 289         MemberName member = new MemberName(invokerClass, name, type, REF_invokeStatic);
 290         //System.out.println("resolveInvokerMember => "+member);
 291         //for (Method m : invokerClass.getDeclaredMethods())  System.out.println("  "+m);
 292         try {
 293             member = MEMBERNAME_FACTORY.resolveOrFail(REF_invokeStatic, member, HOST_CLASS, ReflectiveOperationException.class);
 294         } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
 295             throw newInternalError(e);
 296         }
 297         //System.out.println("resolveInvokerMember => "+member);
 298         return member;
 299     }
 300 
 301     /**
 302      * Set up class file generation.
 303      */
 304     private void classFilePrologue() {
 305         final int NOT_ACC_PUBLIC = 0;  // not ACC_PUBLIC
 306         cw = new ClassWriter(ClassWriter.COMPUTE_MAXS + ClassWriter.COMPUTE_FRAMES);
 307         cw.visit(Opcodes.V1_8, NOT_ACC_PUBLIC + Opcodes.ACC_FINAL + Opcodes.ACC_SUPER, className, null, superName, null);
 308         cw.visitSource(sourceFile, null);
 309 
 310         String invokerDesc = invokerType.toMethodDescriptorString();
 311         mv = cw.visitMethod(Opcodes.ACC_STATIC, invokerName, invokerDesc, null, null);
 312     }
 313 
 314     /**
 315      * Tear down class file generation.
 316      */
 317     private void classFileEpilogue() {
 318         mv.visitMaxs(0, 0);
 319         mv.visitEnd();
 320     }
 321 
 322     /*
 323      * Low-level emit helpers.
 324      */
 325     private void emitConst(Object con) {
 326         if (con == null) {
 327             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.ACONST_NULL);
 328             return;
 329         }
 330         if (con instanceof Integer) {
 331             emitIconstInsn((int) con);
 332             return;
 333         }
 334         if (con instanceof Long) {
 335             long x = (long) con;
 336             if (x == (short) x) {
 337                 emitIconstInsn((int) x);
 338                 mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.I2L);
 339                 return;
 340             }
 341         }
 342         if (con instanceof Float) {
 343             float x = (float) con;
 344             if (x == (short) x) {
 345                 emitIconstInsn((int) x);
 346                 mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.I2F);
 347                 return;
 348             }
 349         }
 350         if (con instanceof Double) {
 351             double x = (double) con;
 352             if (x == (short) x) {
 353                 emitIconstInsn((int) x);
 354                 mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.I2D);
 355                 return;
 356             }
 357         }
 358         if (con instanceof Boolean) {
 359             emitIconstInsn((boolean) con ? 1 : 0);
 360             return;
 361         }
 362         // fall through:
 363         mv.visitLdcInsn(con);
 364     }
 365 
 366     private void emitIconstInsn(int i) {
 367         int opcode;
 368         switch (i) {
 369         case 0:  opcode = Opcodes.ICONST_0;  break;
 370         case 1:  opcode = Opcodes.ICONST_1;  break;
 371         case 2:  opcode = Opcodes.ICONST_2;  break;
 372         case 3:  opcode = Opcodes.ICONST_3;  break;
 373         case 4:  opcode = Opcodes.ICONST_4;  break;
 374         case 5:  opcode = Opcodes.ICONST_5;  break;
 375         default:
 376             if (i == (byte) i) {
 377                 mv.visitIntInsn(Opcodes.BIPUSH, i & 0xFF);
 378             } else if (i == (short) i) {
 379                 mv.visitIntInsn(Opcodes.SIPUSH, (char) i);
 380             } else {
 381                 mv.visitLdcInsn(i);
 382             }
 383             return;
 384         }
 385         mv.visitInsn(opcode);
 386     }
 387 
 388     /*
 389      * NOTE: These load/store methods use the localsMap to find the correct index!
 390      */
 391     private void emitLoadInsn(BasicType type, int index) {
 392         int opcode = loadInsnOpcode(type);
 393         mv.visitVarInsn(opcode, localsMap[index]);
 394     }
 395 
 396     private int loadInsnOpcode(BasicType type) throws InternalError {
 397         switch (type) {
 398             case I_TYPE: return Opcodes.ILOAD;
 399             case J_TYPE: return Opcodes.LLOAD;
 400             case F_TYPE: return Opcodes.FLOAD;
 401             case D_TYPE: return Opcodes.DLOAD;
 402             case L_TYPE: return Opcodes.ALOAD;
 403             default:
 404                 throw new InternalError("unknown type: " + type);
 405         }
 406     }
 407     private void emitAloadInsn(int index) {
 408         emitLoadInsn(L_TYPE, index);
 409     }
 410 
 411     private void emitStoreInsn(BasicType type, int index) {
 412         int opcode = storeInsnOpcode(type);
 413         mv.visitVarInsn(opcode, localsMap[index]);
 414     }
 415 
 416     private int storeInsnOpcode(BasicType type) throws InternalError {
 417         switch (type) {
 418             case I_TYPE: return Opcodes.ISTORE;
 419             case J_TYPE: return Opcodes.LSTORE;
 420             case F_TYPE: return Opcodes.FSTORE;
 421             case D_TYPE: return Opcodes.DSTORE;
 422             case L_TYPE: return Opcodes.ASTORE;
 423             default:
 424                 throw new InternalError("unknown type: " + type);
 425         }
 426     }
 427     private void emitAstoreInsn(int index) {
 428         emitStoreInsn(L_TYPE, index);
 429     }
 430 
 431     private byte arrayTypeCode(Wrapper elementType) {
 432         switch (elementType) {
 433             case BOOLEAN: return Opcodes.T_BOOLEAN;
 434             case BYTE:    return Opcodes.T_BYTE;
 435             case CHAR:    return Opcodes.T_CHAR;
 436             case SHORT:   return Opcodes.T_SHORT;
 437             case INT:     return Opcodes.T_INT;
 438             case LONG:    return Opcodes.T_LONG;
 439             case FLOAT:   return Opcodes.T_FLOAT;
 440             case DOUBLE:  return Opcodes.T_DOUBLE;
 441             case OBJECT:  return 0; // in place of Opcodes.T_OBJECT
 442             default:      throw new InternalError();
 443         }
 444     }
 445 
 446     private int arrayInsnOpcode(byte tcode, int aaop) throws InternalError {
 447         assert(aaop == Opcodes.AASTORE || aaop == Opcodes.AALOAD);
 448         int xas;
 449         switch (tcode) {
 450             case Opcodes.T_BOOLEAN: xas = Opcodes.BASTORE; break;
 451             case Opcodes.T_BYTE:    xas = Opcodes.BASTORE; break;
 452             case Opcodes.T_CHAR:    xas = Opcodes.CASTORE; break;
 453             case Opcodes.T_SHORT:   xas = Opcodes.SASTORE; break;
 454             case Opcodes.T_INT:     xas = Opcodes.IASTORE; break;
 455             case Opcodes.T_LONG:    xas = Opcodes.LASTORE; break;
 456             case Opcodes.T_FLOAT:   xas = Opcodes.FASTORE; break;
 457             case Opcodes.T_DOUBLE:  xas = Opcodes.DASTORE; break;
 458             case 0:                 xas = Opcodes.AASTORE; break;
 459             default:      throw new InternalError();
 460         }
 461         return xas - Opcodes.AASTORE + aaop;
 462     }
 463 
 464 
 465     private void freeFrameLocal(int oldFrameLocal) {
 466         int i = indexForFrameLocal(oldFrameLocal);
 467         if (i < 0)  return;
 468         BasicType type = localTypes[i];
 469         int newFrameLocal = makeLocalTemp(type);
 470         mv.visitVarInsn(loadInsnOpcode(type), oldFrameLocal);
 471         mv.visitVarInsn(storeInsnOpcode(type), newFrameLocal);
 472         assert(localsMap[i] == oldFrameLocal);
 473         localsMap[i] = newFrameLocal;
 474         assert(indexForFrameLocal(oldFrameLocal) < 0);
 475     }
 476     private int indexForFrameLocal(int frameLocal) {
 477         for (int i = 0; i < localsMap.length; i++) {
 478             if (localsMap[i] == frameLocal && localTypes[i] != V_TYPE)
 479                 return i;
 480         }
 481         return -1;
 482     }
 483     private int makeLocalTemp(BasicType type) {
 484         int frameLocal = localsMap[localsMap.length - 1];
 485         localsMap[localsMap.length - 1] = frameLocal + type.basicTypeSlots();
 486         return frameLocal;
 487     }
 488 
 489     /**
 490      * Emit a boxing call.
 491      *
 492      * @param wrapper primitive type class to box.
 493      */
 494     private void emitBoxing(Wrapper wrapper) {
 495         String owner = "java/lang/" + wrapper.wrapperType().getSimpleName();
 496         String name  = "valueOf";
 497         String desc  = "(" + wrapper.basicTypeChar() + ")L" + owner + ";";
 498         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC, owner, name, desc, false);
 499     }
 500 
 501     /**
 502      * Emit an unboxing call (plus preceding checkcast).
 503      *
 504      * @param wrapper wrapper type class to unbox.
 505      */
 506     private void emitUnboxing(Wrapper wrapper) {
 507         String owner = "java/lang/" + wrapper.wrapperType().getSimpleName();
 508         String name  = wrapper.primitiveSimpleName() + "Value";
 509         String desc  = "()" + wrapper.basicTypeChar();
 510         emitReferenceCast(wrapper.wrapperType(), null);
 511         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, owner, name, desc, false);
 512     }
 513 
 514     /**
 515      * Emit an implicit conversion for an argument which must be of the given pclass.
 516      * This is usually a no-op, except when pclass is a subword type or a reference other than Object or an interface.
 517      *
 518      * @param ptype type of value present on stack
 519      * @param pclass type of value required on stack
 520      * @param arg compile-time representation of value on stack (Node, constant) or null if none
 521      */
 522     private void emitImplicitConversion(BasicType ptype, Class<?> pclass, Object arg) {
 523         assert(basicType(pclass) == ptype);  // boxing/unboxing handled by caller
 524         if (pclass == ptype.basicTypeClass() && ptype != L_TYPE)
 525             return;   // nothing to do
 526         switch (ptype) {
 527             case L_TYPE:
 528                 if (VerifyType.isNullConversion(Object.class, pclass, false)) {
 529                     if (PROFILE_LEVEL > 0)
 530                         emitReferenceCast(Object.class, arg);
 531                     return;
 532                 }
 533                 emitReferenceCast(pclass, arg);
 534                 return;
 535             case I_TYPE:
 536                 if (!VerifyType.isNullConversion(int.class, pclass, false))
 537                     emitPrimCast(ptype.basicTypeWrapper(), Wrapper.forPrimitiveType(pclass));
 538                 return;
 539         }
 540         throw newInternalError("bad implicit conversion: tc="+ptype+": "+pclass);
 541     }
 542 
 543     /** Update localClasses type map.  Return true if the information is already present. */
 544     private boolean assertStaticType(Class<?> cls, Name n) {
 545         int local = n.index();
 546         Class<?> aclass = localClasses[local];
 547         if (aclass != null && (aclass == cls || cls.isAssignableFrom(aclass))) {
 548             return true;  // type info is already present
 549         } else if (aclass == null || aclass.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
 550             localClasses[local] = cls;  // type info can be improved
 551         }
 552         return false;
 553     }
 554 
 555     private void emitReferenceCast(Class<?> cls, Object arg) {
 556         Name writeBack = null;  // local to write back result
 557         if (arg instanceof Name) {
 558             Name n = (Name) arg;
 559             if (assertStaticType(cls, n))
 560                 return;  // this cast was already performed
 561             if (lambdaForm.useCount(n) > 1) {
 562                 // This guy gets used more than once.
 563                 writeBack = n;
 564             }
 565         }
 566         if (isStaticallyNameable(cls)) {
 567             String sig = getInternalName(cls);
 568             mv.visitTypeInsn(Opcodes.CHECKCAST, sig);
 569         } else {
 570             mv.visitLdcInsn(constantPlaceholder(cls));
 571             mv.visitTypeInsn(Opcodes.CHECKCAST, CLS);
 572             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.SWAP);
 573             mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, CLS, "cast", LL_SIG, false);
 574             if (Object[].class.isAssignableFrom(cls))
 575                 mv.visitTypeInsn(Opcodes.CHECKCAST, OBJARY);
 576             else if (PROFILE_LEVEL > 0)
 577                 mv.visitTypeInsn(Opcodes.CHECKCAST, OBJ);
 578         }
 579         if (writeBack != null) {
 580             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.DUP);
 581             emitAstoreInsn(writeBack.index());
 582         }
 583     }
 584 
 585     /**
 586      * Emits an actual return instruction conforming to the given return type.
 587      */
 588     private void emitReturnInsn(BasicType type) {
 589         int opcode;
 590         switch (type) {
 591         case I_TYPE:  opcode = Opcodes.IRETURN;  break;
 592         case J_TYPE:  opcode = Opcodes.LRETURN;  break;
 593         case F_TYPE:  opcode = Opcodes.FRETURN;  break;
 594         case D_TYPE:  opcode = Opcodes.DRETURN;  break;
 595         case L_TYPE:  opcode = Opcodes.ARETURN;  break;
 596         case V_TYPE:  opcode = Opcodes.RETURN;   break;
 597         default:
 598             throw new InternalError("unknown return type: " + type);
 599         }
 600         mv.visitInsn(opcode);
 601     }
 602 
 603     private static String getInternalName(Class<?> c) {
 604         if (c == Object.class)             return OBJ;
 605         else if (c == Object[].class)      return OBJARY;
 606         else if (c == Class.class)         return CLS;
 607         else if (c == MethodHandle.class)  return MH;
 608         assert(VerifyAccess.isTypeVisible(c, Object.class)) : c.getName();
 609         return c.getName().replace('.', '/');
 610     }
 611 
 612     /**
 613      * Generate customized bytecode for a given LambdaForm.
 614      */
 615     static MemberName generateCustomizedCode(LambdaForm form, MethodType invokerType) {
 616         InvokerBytecodeGenerator g = new InvokerBytecodeGenerator("MH", form, invokerType);
 617         return g.loadMethod(g.generateCustomizedCodeBytes());
 618     }
 619 
 620     /** Generates code to check that actual receiver and LambdaForm matches */
 621     private boolean checkActualReceiver() {
 622         // Expects MethodHandle on the stack and actual receiver MethodHandle in slot #0
 623         mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.DUP);
 624         mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, localsMap[0]);
 625         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC, MHI, "assertSame", LLV_SIG, false);
 626         return true;
 627     }
 628 
 629     /**
 630      * Generate an invoker method for the passed {@link LambdaForm}.
 631      */
 632     private byte[] generateCustomizedCodeBytes() {
 633         classFilePrologue();
 634 
 635         // Suppress this method in backtraces displayed to the user.
 636         mv.visitAnnotation("Ljava/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$Hidden;", true);
 637 
 638         // Mark this method as a compiled LambdaForm
 639         mv.visitAnnotation("Ljava/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$Compiled;", true);
 640 
 641         if (lambdaForm.forceInline) {
 642             // Force inlining of this invoker method.
 643             mv.visitAnnotation("Ljava/lang/invoke/ForceInline;", true);
 644         } else {
 645             mv.visitAnnotation("Ljava/lang/invoke/DontInline;", true);
 646         }
 647 
 648         if (lambdaForm.customized != null) {
 649             // Since LambdaForm is customized for a particular MethodHandle, it's safe to substitute
 650             // receiver MethodHandle (at slot #0) with an embedded constant and use it instead.
 651             // It enables more efficient code generation in some situations, since embedded constants
 652             // are compile-time constants for JIT compiler.
 653             mv.visitLdcInsn(constantPlaceholder(lambdaForm.customized));
 654             mv.visitTypeInsn(Opcodes.CHECKCAST, MH);
 655             assert(checkActualReceiver()); // expects MethodHandle on top of the stack
 656             mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ASTORE, localsMap[0]);
 657         }
 658 
 659         // iterate over the form's names, generating bytecode instructions for each
 660         // start iterating at the first name following the arguments
 661         Name onStack = null;
 662         for (int i = lambdaForm.arity; i < lambdaForm.names.length; i++) {
 663             Name name = lambdaForm.names[i];
 664 
 665             emitStoreResult(onStack);
 666             onStack = name;  // unless otherwise modified below
 667             MethodHandleImpl.Intrinsic intr = name.function.intrinsicName();
 668             switch (intr) {
 669                 case SELECT_ALTERNATIVE:
 670                     assert isSelectAlternative(i);
 671                     if (PROFILE_GWT) {
 672                         assert(name.arguments[0] instanceof Name &&
 673                                nameRefersTo((Name)name.arguments[0], MethodHandleImpl.class, "profileBoolean"));
 674                         mv.visitAnnotation("Ljava/lang/invoke/InjectedProfile;", true);
 675                     }
 676                     onStack = emitSelectAlternative(name, lambdaForm.names[i+1]);
 677                     i++;  // skip MH.invokeBasic of the selectAlternative result
 678                     continue;
 679                 case GUARD_WITH_CATCH:
 680                     assert isGuardWithCatch(i);
 681                     onStack = emitGuardWithCatch(i);
 682                     i = i+2; // Jump to the end of GWC idiom
 683                     continue;
 684                 case NEW_ARRAY:
 685                     Class<?> rtype = name.function.methodType().returnType();
 686                     if (isStaticallyNameable(rtype)) {
 687                         emitNewArray(name);
 688                         continue;
 689                     }
 690                     break;
 691                 case ARRAY_LOAD:
 692                     emitArrayLoad(name);
 693                     continue;
 694                 case ARRAY_STORE:
 695                     emitArrayStore(name);
 696                     continue;
 697                 case IDENTITY:
 698                     assert(name.arguments.length == 1);
 699                     emitPushArguments(name);
 700                     continue;
 701                 case ZERO:
 702                     assert(name.arguments.length == 0);
 703                     emitConst(name.type.basicTypeWrapper().zero());
 704                     continue;
 705                 case NONE:
 706                     // no intrinsic associated
 707                     break;
 708                 default:
 709                     throw newInternalError("Unknown intrinsic: "+intr);
 710             }
 711 
 712             MemberName member = name.function.member();
 713             if (isStaticallyInvocable(member)) {
 714                 emitStaticInvoke(member, name);
 715             } else {
 716                 emitInvoke(name);
 717             }
 718         }
 719 
 720         // return statement
 721         emitReturn(onStack);
 722 
 723         classFileEpilogue();
 724         bogusMethod(lambdaForm);
 725 
 726         final byte[] classFile = cw.toByteArray();
 727         maybeDump(className, classFile);
 728         return classFile;
 729     }
 730 
 731     void emitArrayLoad(Name name)  { emitArrayOp(name, Opcodes.AALOAD);  }
 732     void emitArrayStore(Name name) { emitArrayOp(name, Opcodes.AASTORE); }
 733 
 734     void emitArrayOp(Name name, int arrayOpcode) {
 735         assert arrayOpcode == Opcodes.AALOAD || arrayOpcode == Opcodes.AASTORE;
 736         Class<?> elementType = name.function.methodType().parameterType(0).getComponentType();
 737         assert elementType != null;
 738         emitPushArguments(name);
 739         if (elementType.isPrimitive()) {
 740             Wrapper w = Wrapper.forPrimitiveType(elementType);
 741             arrayOpcode = arrayInsnOpcode(arrayTypeCode(w), arrayOpcode);
 742         }
 743         mv.visitInsn(arrayOpcode);
 744     }
 745 
 746     /**
 747      * Emit an invoke for the given name.
 748      */
 749     void emitInvoke(Name name) {
 750         assert(!isLinkerMethodInvoke(name));  // should use the static path for these
 751         if (true) {
 752             // push receiver
 753             MethodHandle target = name.function.resolvedHandle;
 754             assert(target != null) : name.exprString();
 755             mv.visitLdcInsn(constantPlaceholder(target));
 756             emitReferenceCast(MethodHandle.class, target);
 757         } else {
 758             // load receiver
 759             emitAloadInsn(0);
 760             emitReferenceCast(MethodHandle.class, null);
 761             mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETFIELD, MH, "form", LF_SIG);
 762             mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETFIELD, LF, "names", LFN_SIG);
 763             // TODO more to come
 764         }
 765 
 766         // push arguments
 767         emitPushArguments(name);
 768 
 769         // invocation
 770         MethodType type = name.function.methodType();
 771         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, MH, "invokeBasic", type.basicType().toMethodDescriptorString(), false);
 772     }
 773 
 774     private static Class<?>[] STATICALLY_INVOCABLE_PACKAGES = {
 775         // Sample classes from each package we are willing to bind to statically:
 776         java.lang.Object.class,
 777         java.util.Arrays.class,
 778         sun.misc.Unsafe.class
 779         //MethodHandle.class already covered
 780     };
 781 
 782     static boolean isStaticallyInvocable(Name name) {
 783         return isStaticallyInvocable(name.function.member());
 784     }
 785 
 786     static boolean isStaticallyInvocable(MemberName member) {
 787         if (member == null)  return false;
 788         if (member.isConstructor())  return false;
 789         Class<?> cls = member.getDeclaringClass();
 790         if (cls.isArray() || cls.isPrimitive())
 791             return false;  // FIXME
 792         if (cls.isAnonymousClass() || cls.isLocalClass())
 793             return false;  // inner class of some sort
 794         if (cls.getClassLoader() != MethodHandle.class.getClassLoader())
 795             return false;  // not on BCP
 796         if (ReflectUtil.isVMAnonymousClass(cls)) // FIXME: switch to supported API once it is added
 797             return false;
 798         MethodType mtype = member.getMethodOrFieldType();
 799         if (!isStaticallyNameable(mtype.returnType()))
 800             return false;
 801         for (Class<?> ptype : mtype.parameterArray())
 802             if (!isStaticallyNameable(ptype))
 803                 return false;
 804         if (!member.isPrivate() && VerifyAccess.isSamePackage(MethodHandle.class, cls))
 805             return true;   // in java.lang.invoke package
 806         if (member.isPublic() && isStaticallyNameable(cls))
 807             return true;
 808         return false;
 809     }
 810 
 811     static boolean isStaticallyNameable(Class<?> cls) {
 812         if (cls == Object.class)
 813             return true;
 814         while (cls.isArray())
 815             cls = cls.getComponentType();
 816         if (cls.isPrimitive())
 817             return true;  // int[].class, for example
 818         if (ReflectUtil.isVMAnonymousClass(cls)) // FIXME: switch to supported API once it is added
 819             return false;
 820         // could use VerifyAccess.isClassAccessible but the following is a safe approximation
 821         if (cls.getClassLoader() != Object.class.getClassLoader())
 822             return false;
 823         if (VerifyAccess.isSamePackage(MethodHandle.class, cls))
 824             return true;
 825         if (!Modifier.isPublic(cls.getModifiers()))
 826             return false;
 827         for (Class<?> pkgcls : STATICALLY_INVOCABLE_PACKAGES) {
 828             if (VerifyAccess.isSamePackage(pkgcls, cls))
 829                 return true;
 830         }
 831         return false;
 832     }
 833 
 834     void emitStaticInvoke(Name name) {
 835         emitStaticInvoke(name.function.member(), name);
 836     }
 837 
 838     /**
 839      * Emit an invoke for the given name, using the MemberName directly.
 840      */
 841     void emitStaticInvoke(MemberName member, Name name) {
 842         assert(member.equals(name.function.member()));
 843         Class<?> defc = member.getDeclaringClass();
 844         String cname = getInternalName(defc);
 845         String mname = member.getName();
 846         String mtype;
 847         byte refKind = member.getReferenceKind();
 848         if (refKind == REF_invokeSpecial) {
 849             // in order to pass the verifier, we need to convert this to invokevirtual in all cases
 850             assert(member.canBeStaticallyBound()) : member;
 851             refKind = REF_invokeVirtual;
 852         }
 853 
 854         assert(!(member.getDeclaringClass().isInterface() && refKind == REF_invokeVirtual));
 855 
 856         // push arguments
 857         emitPushArguments(name);
 858 
 859         // invocation
 860         if (member.isMethod()) {
 861             mtype = member.getMethodType().toMethodDescriptorString();
 862             mv.visitMethodInsn(refKindOpcode(refKind), cname, mname, mtype,
 863                                member.getDeclaringClass().isInterface());
 864         } else {
 865             mtype = MethodType.toFieldDescriptorString(member.getFieldType());
 866             mv.visitFieldInsn(refKindOpcode(refKind), cname, mname, mtype);
 867         }
 868         // Issue a type assertion for the result, so we can avoid casts later.
 869         if (name.type == L_TYPE) {
 870             Class<?> rtype = member.getInvocationType().returnType();
 871             assert(!rtype.isPrimitive());
 872             if (rtype != Object.class && !rtype.isInterface()) {
 873                 assertStaticType(rtype, name);
 874             }
 875         }
 876     }
 877 
 878     void emitNewArray(Name name) throws InternalError {
 879         Class<?> rtype = name.function.methodType().returnType();
 880         if (name.arguments.length == 0) {
 881             // The array will be a constant.
 882             Object emptyArray;
 883             try {
 884                 emptyArray = name.function.resolvedHandle.invoke();
 885             } catch (Throwable ex) {
 886                 throw newInternalError(ex);
 887             }
 888             assert(java.lang.reflect.Array.getLength(emptyArray) == 0);
 889             assert(emptyArray.getClass() == rtype);  // exact typing
 890             mv.visitLdcInsn(constantPlaceholder(emptyArray));
 891             emitReferenceCast(rtype, emptyArray);
 892             return;
 893         }
 894         Class<?> arrayElementType = rtype.getComponentType();
 895         assert(arrayElementType != null);
 896         emitIconstInsn(name.arguments.length);
 897         int xas = Opcodes.AASTORE;
 898         if (!arrayElementType.isPrimitive()) {
 899             mv.visitTypeInsn(Opcodes.ANEWARRAY, getInternalName(arrayElementType));
 900         } else {
 901             byte tc = arrayTypeCode(Wrapper.forPrimitiveType(arrayElementType));
 902             xas = arrayInsnOpcode(tc, xas);
 903             mv.visitIntInsn(Opcodes.NEWARRAY, tc);
 904         }
 905         // store arguments
 906         for (int i = 0; i < name.arguments.length; i++) {
 907             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.DUP);
 908             emitIconstInsn(i);
 909             emitPushArgument(name, i);
 910             mv.visitInsn(xas);
 911         }
 912         // the array is left on the stack
 913         assertStaticType(rtype, name);
 914     }
 915     int refKindOpcode(byte refKind) {
 916         switch (refKind) {
 917         case REF_invokeVirtual:      return Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL;
 918         case REF_invokeStatic:       return Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC;
 919         case REF_invokeSpecial:      return Opcodes.INVOKESPECIAL;
 920         case REF_invokeInterface:    return Opcodes.INVOKEINTERFACE;
 921         case REF_getField:           return Opcodes.GETFIELD;
 922         case REF_putField:           return Opcodes.PUTFIELD;
 923         case REF_getStatic:          return Opcodes.GETSTATIC;
 924         case REF_putStatic:          return Opcodes.PUTSTATIC;
 925         }
 926         throw new InternalError("refKind="+refKind);
 927     }
 928 
 929     /**
 930      * Check if MemberName is a call to a method named {@code name} in class {@code declaredClass}.
 931      */
 932     private boolean memberRefersTo(MemberName member, Class<?> declaringClass, String name) {
 933         return member != null &&
 934                member.getDeclaringClass() == declaringClass &&
 935                member.getName().equals(name);
 936     }
 937     private boolean nameRefersTo(Name name, Class<?> declaringClass, String methodName) {
 938         return name.function != null &&
 939                memberRefersTo(name.function.member(), declaringClass, methodName);
 940     }
 941 
 942     /**
 943      * Check if MemberName is a call to MethodHandle.invokeBasic.
 944      */
 945     private boolean isInvokeBasic(Name name) {
 946         if (name.function == null)
 947             return false;
 948         if (name.arguments.length < 1)
 949             return false;  // must have MH argument
 950         MemberName member = name.function.member();
 951         return memberRefersTo(member, MethodHandle.class, "invokeBasic") &&
 952                !member.isPublic() && !member.isStatic();
 953     }
 954 
 955     /**
 956      * Check if MemberName is a call to MethodHandle.linkToStatic, etc.
 957      */
 958     private boolean isLinkerMethodInvoke(Name name) {
 959         if (name.function == null)
 960             return false;
 961         if (name.arguments.length < 1)
 962             return false;  // must have MH argument
 963         MemberName member = name.function.member();
 964         return member != null &&
 965                member.getDeclaringClass() == MethodHandle.class &&
 966                !member.isPublic() && member.isStatic() &&
 967                member.getName().startsWith("linkTo");
 968     }
 969 
 970     /**
 971      * Check if i-th name is a call to MethodHandleImpl.selectAlternative.
 972      */
 973     private boolean isSelectAlternative(int pos) {
 974         // selectAlternative idiom:
 975         //   t_{n}:L=MethodHandleImpl.selectAlternative(...)
 976         //   t_{n+1}:?=MethodHandle.invokeBasic(t_{n}, ...)
 977         if (pos+1 >= lambdaForm.names.length)  return false;
 978         Name name0 = lambdaForm.names[pos];
 979         Name name1 = lambdaForm.names[pos+1];
 980         return nameRefersTo(name0, MethodHandleImpl.class, "selectAlternative") &&
 981                isInvokeBasic(name1) &&
 982                name1.lastUseIndex(name0) == 0 &&        // t_{n+1}:?=MethodHandle.invokeBasic(t_{n}, ...)
 983                lambdaForm.lastUseIndex(name0) == pos+1; // t_{n} is local: used only in t_{n+1}
 984     }
 985 
 986     /**
 987      * Check if i-th name is a start of GuardWithCatch idiom.
 988      */
 989     private boolean isGuardWithCatch(int pos) {
 990         // GuardWithCatch idiom:
 991         //   t_{n}:L=MethodHandle.invokeBasic(...)
 992         //   t_{n+1}:L=MethodHandleImpl.guardWithCatch(*, *, *, t_{n});
 993         //   t_{n+2}:?=MethodHandle.invokeBasic(t_{n+1})
 994         if (pos+2 >= lambdaForm.names.length)  return false;
 995         Name name0 = lambdaForm.names[pos];
 996         Name name1 = lambdaForm.names[pos+1];
 997         Name name2 = lambdaForm.names[pos+2];
 998         return nameRefersTo(name1, MethodHandleImpl.class, "guardWithCatch") &&
 999                isInvokeBasic(name0) &&
1000                isInvokeBasic(name2) &&
1001                name1.lastUseIndex(name0) == 3 &&          // t_{n+1}:L=MethodHandleImpl.guardWithCatch(*, *, *, t_{n});
1002                lambdaForm.lastUseIndex(name0) == pos+1 && // t_{n} is local: used only in t_{n+1}
1003                name2.lastUseIndex(name1) == 1 &&          // t_{n+2}:?=MethodHandle.invokeBasic(t_{n+1})
1004                lambdaForm.lastUseIndex(name1) == pos+2;   // t_{n+1} is local: used only in t_{n+2}
1005     }
1006 
1007     /**
1008      * Emit bytecode for the selectAlternative idiom.
1009      *
1010      * The pattern looks like (Cf. MethodHandleImpl.makeGuardWithTest):
1011      * <blockquote><pre>{@code
1012      *   Lambda(a0:L,a1:I)=>{
1013      *     t2:I=foo.test(a1:I);
1014      *     t3:L=MethodHandleImpl.selectAlternative(t2:I,(MethodHandle(int)int),(MethodHandle(int)int));
1015      *     t4:I=MethodHandle.invokeBasic(t3:L,a1:I);t4:I}
1016      * }</pre></blockquote>
1017      */
1018     private Name emitSelectAlternative(Name selectAlternativeName, Name invokeBasicName) {
1019         assert isStaticallyInvocable(invokeBasicName);
1020 
1021         Name receiver = (Name) invokeBasicName.arguments[0];
1022 
1023         Label L_fallback = new Label();
1024         Label L_done     = new Label();
1025 
1026         // load test result
1027         emitPushArgument(selectAlternativeName, 0);
1028 
1029         // if_icmpne L_fallback
1030         mv.visitJumpInsn(Opcodes.IFEQ, L_fallback);
1031 
1032         // invoke selectAlternativeName.arguments[1]
1033         Class<?>[] preForkClasses = localClasses.clone();
1034         emitPushArgument(selectAlternativeName, 1);  // get 2nd argument of selectAlternative
1035         emitAstoreInsn(receiver.index());  // store the MH in the receiver slot
1036         emitStaticInvoke(invokeBasicName);
1037 
1038         // goto L_done
1039         mv.visitJumpInsn(Opcodes.GOTO, L_done);
1040 
1041         // L_fallback:
1042         mv.visitLabel(L_fallback);
1043 
1044         // invoke selectAlternativeName.arguments[2]
1045         System.arraycopy(preForkClasses, 0, localClasses, 0, preForkClasses.length);
1046         emitPushArgument(selectAlternativeName, 2);  // get 3rd argument of selectAlternative
1047         emitAstoreInsn(receiver.index());  // store the MH in the receiver slot
1048         emitStaticInvoke(invokeBasicName);
1049 
1050         // L_done:
1051         mv.visitLabel(L_done);
1052         // for now do not bother to merge typestate; just reset to the dominator state
1053         System.arraycopy(preForkClasses, 0, localClasses, 0, preForkClasses.length);
1054 
1055         return invokeBasicName;  // return what's on stack
1056     }
1057 
1058     /**
1059       * Emit bytecode for the guardWithCatch idiom.
1060       *
1061       * The pattern looks like (Cf. MethodHandleImpl.makeGuardWithCatch):
1062       * <blockquote><pre>{@code
1063       *  guardWithCatch=Lambda(a0:L,a1:L,a2:L,a3:L,a4:L,a5:L,a6:L,a7:L)=>{
1064       *    t8:L=MethodHandle.invokeBasic(a4:L,a6:L,a7:L);
1065       *    t9:L=MethodHandleImpl.guardWithCatch(a1:L,a2:L,a3:L,t8:L);
1066       *   t10:I=MethodHandle.invokeBasic(a5:L,t9:L);t10:I}
1067       * }</pre></blockquote>
1068       *
1069       * It is compiled into bytecode equivalent of the following code:
1070       * <blockquote><pre>{@code
1071       *  try {
1072       *      return a1.invokeBasic(a6, a7);
1073       *  } catch (Throwable e) {
1074       *      if (!a2.isInstance(e)) throw e;
1075       *      return a3.invokeBasic(ex, a6, a7);
1076       *  }}
1077       */
1078     private Name emitGuardWithCatch(int pos) {
1079         Name args    = lambdaForm.names[pos];
1080         Name invoker = lambdaForm.names[pos+1];
1081         Name result  = lambdaForm.names[pos+2];
1082 
1083         Label L_startBlock = new Label();
1084         Label L_endBlock = new Label();
1085         Label L_handler = new Label();
1086         Label L_done = new Label();
1087 
1088         Class<?> returnType = result.function.resolvedHandle.type().returnType();
1089         MethodType type = args.function.resolvedHandle.type()
1090                               .dropParameterTypes(0,1)
1091                               .changeReturnType(returnType);
1092 
1093         mv.visitTryCatchBlock(L_startBlock, L_endBlock, L_handler, "java/lang/Throwable");
1094 
1095         // Normal case
1096         mv.visitLabel(L_startBlock);
1097         // load target
1098         emitPushArgument(invoker, 0);
1099         emitPushArguments(args, 1); // skip 1st argument: method handle
1100         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, MH, "invokeBasic", type.basicType().toMethodDescriptorString(), false);
1101         mv.visitLabel(L_endBlock);
1102         mv.visitJumpInsn(Opcodes.GOTO, L_done);
1103 
1104         // Exceptional case
1105         mv.visitLabel(L_handler);
1106 
1107         // Check exception's type
1108         mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.DUP);
1109         // load exception class
1110         emitPushArgument(invoker, 1);
1111         mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.SWAP);
1112         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, "java/lang/Class", "isInstance", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z", false);
1113         Label L_rethrow = new Label();
1114         mv.visitJumpInsn(Opcodes.IFEQ, L_rethrow);
1115 
1116         // Invoke catcher
1117         // load catcher
1118         emitPushArgument(invoker, 2);
1119         mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.SWAP);
1120         emitPushArguments(args, 1); // skip 1st argument: method handle
1121         MethodType catcherType = type.insertParameterTypes(0, Throwable.class);
1122         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, MH, "invokeBasic", catcherType.basicType().toMethodDescriptorString(), false);
1123         mv.visitJumpInsn(Opcodes.GOTO, L_done);
1124 
1125         mv.visitLabel(L_rethrow);
1126         mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.ATHROW);
1127 
1128         mv.visitLabel(L_done);
1129 
1130         return result;
1131     }
1132 
1133     private void emitPushArguments(Name args) {
1134         emitPushArguments(args, 0);
1135     }
1136 
1137     private void emitPushArguments(Name args, int start) {
1138         for (int i = start; i < args.arguments.length; i++) {
1139             emitPushArgument(args, i);
1140         }
1141     }
1142 
1143     private void emitPushArgument(Name name, int paramIndex) {
1144         Object arg = name.arguments[paramIndex];
1145         Class<?> ptype = name.function.methodType().parameterType(paramIndex);
1146         emitPushArgument(ptype, arg);
1147     }
1148 
1149     private void emitPushArgument(Class<?> ptype, Object arg) {
1150         BasicType bptype = basicType(ptype);
1151         if (arg instanceof Name) {
1152             Name n = (Name) arg;
1153             emitLoadInsn(n.type, n.index());
1154             emitImplicitConversion(n.type, ptype, n);
1155         } else if ((arg == null || arg instanceof String) && bptype == L_TYPE) {
1156             emitConst(arg);
1157         } else {
1158             if (Wrapper.isWrapperType(arg.getClass()) && bptype != L_TYPE) {
1159                 emitConst(arg);
1160             } else {
1161                 mv.visitLdcInsn(constantPlaceholder(arg));
1162                 emitImplicitConversion(L_TYPE, ptype, arg);
1163             }
1164         }
1165     }
1166 
1167     /**
1168      * Store the name to its local, if necessary.
1169      */
1170     private void emitStoreResult(Name name) {
1171         if (name != null && name.type != V_TYPE) {
1172             // non-void: actually assign
1173             emitStoreInsn(name.type, name.index());
1174         }
1175     }
1176 
1177     /**
1178      * Emits a return statement from a LF invoker. If required, the result type is cast to the correct return type.
1179      */
1180     private void emitReturn(Name onStack) {
1181         // return statement
1182         Class<?> rclass = invokerType.returnType();
1183         BasicType rtype = lambdaForm.returnType();
1184         assert(rtype == basicType(rclass));  // must agree
1185         if (rtype == V_TYPE) {
1186             // void
1187             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.RETURN);
1188             // it doesn't matter what rclass is; the JVM will discard any value
1189         } else {
1190             LambdaForm.Name rn = lambdaForm.names[lambdaForm.result];
1191 
1192             // put return value on the stack if it is not already there
1193             if (rn != onStack) {
1194                 emitLoadInsn(rtype, lambdaForm.result);
1195             }
1196 
1197             emitImplicitConversion(rtype, rclass, rn);
1198 
1199             // generate actual return statement
1200             emitReturnInsn(rtype);
1201         }
1202     }
1203 
1204     /**
1205      * Emit a type conversion bytecode casting from "from" to "to".
1206      */
1207     private void emitPrimCast(Wrapper from, Wrapper to) {
1208         // Here's how.
1209         // -   indicates forbidden
1210         // <-> indicates implicit
1211         //      to ----> boolean  byte     short    char     int      long     float    double
1212         // from boolean    <->        -        -        -        -        -        -        -
1213         //      byte        -       <->       i2s      i2c      <->      i2l      i2f      i2d
1214         //      short       -       i2b       <->      i2c      <->      i2l      i2f      i2d
1215         //      char        -       i2b       i2s      <->      <->      i2l      i2f      i2d
1216         //      int         -       i2b       i2s      i2c      <->      i2l      i2f      i2d
1217         //      long        -     l2i,i2b   l2i,i2s  l2i,i2c    l2i      <->      l2f      l2d
1218         //      float       -     f2i,i2b   f2i,i2s  f2i,i2c    f2i      f2l      <->      f2d
1219         //      double      -     d2i,i2b   d2i,i2s  d2i,i2c    d2i      d2l      d2f      <->
1220         if (from == to) {
1221             // no cast required, should be dead code anyway
1222             return;
1223         }
1224         if (from.isSubwordOrInt()) {
1225             // cast from {byte,short,char,int} to anything
1226             emitI2X(to);
1227         } else {
1228             // cast from {long,float,double} to anything
1229             if (to.isSubwordOrInt()) {
1230                 // cast to {byte,short,char,int}
1231                 emitX2I(from);
1232                 if (to.bitWidth() < 32) {
1233                     // targets other than int require another conversion
1234                     emitI2X(to);
1235                 }
1236             } else {
1237                 // cast to {long,float,double} - this is verbose
1238                 boolean error = false;
1239                 switch (from) {
1240                 case LONG:
1241                     switch (to) {
1242                     case FLOAT:   mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.L2F);  break;
1243                     case DOUBLE:  mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.L2D);  break;
1244                     default:      error = true;               break;
1245                     }
1246                     break;
1247                 case FLOAT:
1248                     switch (to) {
1249                     case LONG :   mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.F2L);  break;
1250                     case DOUBLE:  mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.F2D);  break;
1251                     default:      error = true;               break;
1252                     }
1253                     break;
1254                 case DOUBLE:
1255                     switch (to) {
1256                     case LONG :   mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.D2L);  break;
1257                     case FLOAT:   mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.D2F);  break;
1258                     default:      error = true;               break;
1259                     }
1260                     break;
1261                 default:
1262                     error = true;
1263                     break;
1264                 }
1265                 if (error) {
1266                     throw new IllegalStateException("unhandled prim cast: " + from + "2" + to);
1267                 }
1268             }
1269         }
1270     }
1271 
1272     private void emitI2X(Wrapper type) {
1273         switch (type) {
1274         case BYTE:    mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.I2B);  break;
1275         case SHORT:   mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.I2S);  break;
1276         case CHAR:    mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.I2C);  break;
1277         case INT:     /* naught */                break;
1278         case LONG:    mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.I2L);  break;
1279         case FLOAT:   mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.I2F);  break;
1280         case DOUBLE:  mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.I2D);  break;
1281         case BOOLEAN:
1282             // For compatibility with ValueConversions and explicitCastArguments:
1283             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.ICONST_1);
1284             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.IAND);
1285             break;
1286         default:   throw new InternalError("unknown type: " + type);
1287         }
1288     }
1289 
1290     private void emitX2I(Wrapper type) {
1291         switch (type) {
1292         case LONG:    mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.L2I);  break;
1293         case FLOAT:   mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.F2I);  break;
1294         case DOUBLE:  mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.D2I);  break;
1295         default:      throw new InternalError("unknown type: " + type);
1296         }
1297     }
1298 
1299     /**
1300      * Generate bytecode for a LambdaForm.vmentry which calls interpretWithArguments.
1301      */
1302     static MemberName generateLambdaFormInterpreterEntryPoint(String sig) {
1303         assert(isValidSignature(sig));
1304         String name = "interpret_"+signatureReturn(sig).basicTypeChar();
1305         MethodType type = signatureType(sig);  // sig includes leading argument
1306         type = type.changeParameterType(0, MethodHandle.class);
1307         InvokerBytecodeGenerator g = new InvokerBytecodeGenerator("LFI", name, type);
1308         return g.loadMethod(g.generateLambdaFormInterpreterEntryPointBytes());
1309     }
1310 
1311     private byte[] generateLambdaFormInterpreterEntryPointBytes() {
1312         classFilePrologue();
1313 
1314         // Suppress this method in backtraces displayed to the user.
1315         mv.visitAnnotation("Ljava/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$Hidden;", true);
1316 
1317         // Don't inline the interpreter entry.
1318         mv.visitAnnotation("Ljava/lang/invoke/DontInline;", true);
1319 
1320         // create parameter array
1321         emitIconstInsn(invokerType.parameterCount());
1322         mv.visitTypeInsn(Opcodes.ANEWARRAY, "java/lang/Object");
1323 
1324         // fill parameter array
1325         for (int i = 0; i < invokerType.parameterCount(); i++) {
1326             Class<?> ptype = invokerType.parameterType(i);
1327             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.DUP);
1328             emitIconstInsn(i);
1329             emitLoadInsn(basicType(ptype), i);
1330             // box if primitive type
1331             if (ptype.isPrimitive()) {
1332                 emitBoxing(Wrapper.forPrimitiveType(ptype));
1333             }
1334             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.AASTORE);
1335         }
1336         // invoke
1337         emitAloadInsn(0);
1338         mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETFIELD, MH, "form", "Ljava/lang/invoke/LambdaForm;");
1339         mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.SWAP);  // swap form and array; avoid local variable
1340         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, LF, "interpretWithArguments", "([Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;", false);
1341 
1342         // maybe unbox
1343         Class<?> rtype = invokerType.returnType();
1344         if (rtype.isPrimitive() && rtype != void.class) {
1345             emitUnboxing(Wrapper.forPrimitiveType(rtype));
1346         }
1347 
1348         // return statement
1349         emitReturnInsn(basicType(rtype));
1350 
1351         classFileEpilogue();
1352         bogusMethod(invokerType);
1353 
1354         final byte[] classFile = cw.toByteArray();
1355         maybeDump(className, classFile);
1356         return classFile;
1357     }
1358 
1359     /**
1360      * Generate bytecode for a NamedFunction invoker.
1361      */
1362     static MemberName generateNamedFunctionInvoker(MethodTypeForm typeForm) {
1363         MethodType invokerType = NamedFunction.INVOKER_METHOD_TYPE;
1364         String invokerName = "invoke_" + shortenSignature(basicTypeSignature(typeForm.erasedType()));
1365         InvokerBytecodeGenerator g = new InvokerBytecodeGenerator("NFI", invokerName, invokerType);
1366         return g.loadMethod(g.generateNamedFunctionInvokerImpl(typeForm));
1367     }
1368 
1369     private byte[] generateNamedFunctionInvokerImpl(MethodTypeForm typeForm) {
1370         MethodType dstType = typeForm.erasedType();
1371         classFilePrologue();
1372 
1373         // Suppress this method in backtraces displayed to the user.
1374         mv.visitAnnotation("Ljava/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$Hidden;", true);
1375 
1376         // Force inlining of this invoker method.
1377         mv.visitAnnotation("Ljava/lang/invoke/ForceInline;", true);
1378 
1379         // Load receiver
1380         emitAloadInsn(0);
1381 
1382         // Load arguments from array
1383         for (int i = 0; i < dstType.parameterCount(); i++) {
1384             emitAloadInsn(1);
1385             emitIconstInsn(i);
1386             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.AALOAD);
1387 
1388             // Maybe unbox
1389             Class<?> dptype = dstType.parameterType(i);
1390             if (dptype.isPrimitive()) {
1391                 Class<?> sptype = dstType.basicType().wrap().parameterType(i);
1392                 Wrapper dstWrapper = Wrapper.forBasicType(dptype);
1393                 Wrapper srcWrapper = dstWrapper.isSubwordOrInt() ? Wrapper.INT : dstWrapper;  // narrow subword from int
1394                 emitUnboxing(srcWrapper);
1395                 emitPrimCast(srcWrapper, dstWrapper);
1396             }
1397         }
1398 
1399         // Invoke
1400         String targetDesc = dstType.basicType().toMethodDescriptorString();
1401         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, MH, "invokeBasic", targetDesc, false);
1402 
1403         // Box primitive types
1404         Class<?> rtype = dstType.returnType();
1405         if (rtype != void.class && rtype.isPrimitive()) {
1406             Wrapper srcWrapper = Wrapper.forBasicType(rtype);
1407             Wrapper dstWrapper = srcWrapper.isSubwordOrInt() ? Wrapper.INT : srcWrapper;  // widen subword to int
1408             // boolean casts not allowed
1409             emitPrimCast(srcWrapper, dstWrapper);
1410             emitBoxing(dstWrapper);
1411         }
1412 
1413         // If the return type is void we return a null reference.
1414         if (rtype == void.class) {
1415             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.ACONST_NULL);
1416         }
1417         emitReturnInsn(L_TYPE);  // NOTE: NamedFunction invokers always return a reference value.
1418 
1419         classFileEpilogue();
1420         bogusMethod(dstType);
1421 
1422         final byte[] classFile = cw.toByteArray();
1423         maybeDump(className, classFile);
1424         return classFile;
1425     }
1426 
1427     /**
1428      * Emit a bogus method that just loads some string constants. This is to get the constants into the constant pool
1429      * for debugging purposes.
1430      */
1431     private void bogusMethod(Object... os) {
1432         if (DUMP_CLASS_FILES) {
1433             mv = cw.visitMethod(Opcodes.ACC_STATIC, "dummy", "()V", null, null);
1434             for (Object o : os) {
1435                 mv.visitLdcInsn(o.toString());
1436                 mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.POP);
1437             }
1438             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.RETURN);
1439             mv.visitMaxs(0, 0);
1440             mv.visitEnd();
1441         }
1442     }
1443 }