1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package java.net;
  27 
  28 import java.io.IOException;
  29 import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
  30 import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
  31 import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
  32 import java.io.ObjectStreamField;
  33 import java.util.Enumeration;
  34 import java.util.Arrays;
  35 
  36 /**
  37  * This class represents an Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) address.
  38  * Defined by <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2373.txt">
  39  * <i>RFC&nbsp;2373: IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture</i></a>.
  40  *
  41  * <h3> <A NAME="format">Textual representation of IP addresses</a> </h3>
  42  *
  43  * Textual representation of IPv6 address used as input to methods
  44  * takes one of the following forms:
  45  *
  46  * <ol>
  47  *   <li><p> <A NAME="lform">The preferred form</a> is x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x,
  48  *   where the 'x's are
  49  *   the hexadecimal values of the eight 16-bit pieces of the
  50  *   address. This is the full form.  For example,
  51  *
  52  *   <blockquote><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 summary="layout">
  53  *   <tr><td>{@code 1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A}<td></tr>
  54  *   </table></blockquote>
  55  *
  56  *   <p> Note that it is not necessary to write the leading zeros in
  57  *   an individual field. However, there must be at least one numeral
  58  *   in every field, except as described below.</li>
  59  *
  60  *   <li><p> Due to some methods of allocating certain styles of IPv6
  61  *   addresses, it will be common for addresses to contain long
  62  *   strings of zero bits. In order to make writing addresses
  63  *   containing zero bits easier, a special syntax is available to
  64  *   compress the zeros. The use of "::" indicates multiple groups
  65  *   of 16-bits of zeros. The "::" can only appear once in an address.
  66  *   The "::" can also be used to compress the leading and/or trailing
  67  *   zeros in an address. For example,
  68  *
  69  *   <blockquote><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 summary="layout">
  70  *   <tr><td>{@code 1080::8:800:200C:417A}<td></tr>
  71  *   </table></blockquote>
  72  *
  73  *   <li><p> An alternative form that is sometimes more convenient
  74  *   when dealing with a mixed environment of IPv4 and IPv6 nodes is
  75  *   x:x:x:x:x:x:d.d.d.d, where the 'x's are the hexadecimal values
  76  *   of the six high-order 16-bit pieces of the address, and the 'd's
  77  *   are the decimal values of the four low-order 8-bit pieces of the
  78  *   standard IPv4 representation address, for example,
  79  *
  80  *   <blockquote><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 summary="layout">
  81  *   <tr><td>{@code ::FFFF:129.144.52.38}<td></tr>
  82  *   <tr><td>{@code ::129.144.52.38}<td></tr>
  83  *   </table></blockquote>
  84  *
  85  *   <p> where "::FFFF:d.d.d.d" and "::d.d.d.d" are, respectively, the
  86  *   general forms of an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address and an
  87  *   IPv4-compatible IPv6 address. Note that the IPv4 portion must be
  88  *   in the "d.d.d.d" form. The following forms are invalid:
  89  *
  90  *   <blockquote><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 summary="layout">
  91  *   <tr><td>{@code ::FFFF:d.d.d}<td></tr>
  92  *   <tr><td>{@code ::FFFF:d.d}<td></tr>
  93  *   <tr><td>{@code ::d.d.d}<td></tr>
  94  *   <tr><td>{@code ::d.d}<td></tr>
  95  *   </table></blockquote>
  96  *
  97  *   <p> The following form:
  98  *
  99  *   <blockquote><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 summary="layout">
 100  *   <tr><td>{@code ::FFFF:d}<td></tr>
 101  *   </table></blockquote>
 102  *
 103  *   <p> is valid, however it is an unconventional representation of
 104  *   the IPv4-compatible IPv6 address,
 105  *
 106  *   <blockquote><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 summary="layout">
 107  *   <tr><td>{@code ::255.255.0.d}<td></tr>
 108  *   </table></blockquote>
 109  *
 110  *   <p> while "::d" corresponds to the general IPv6 address
 111  *   "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:d".</li>
 112  * </ol>
 113  *
 114  * <p> For methods that return a textual representation as output
 115  * value, the full form is used. Inet6Address will return the full
 116  * form because it is unambiguous when used in combination with other
 117  * textual data.
 118  *
 119  * <h4> Special IPv6 address </h4>
 120  *
 121  * <blockquote>
 122  * <table cellspacing=2 summary="Description of IPv4-mapped address">
 123  * <tr><th valign=top><i>IPv4-mapped address</i></th>
 124  *         <td>Of the form::ffff:w.x.y.z, this IPv6 address is used to
 125  *         represent an IPv4 address. It allows the native program to
 126  *         use the same address data structure and also the same
 127  *         socket when communicating with both IPv4 and IPv6 nodes.
 128  *
 129  *         <p>In InetAddress and Inet6Address, it is used for internal
 130  *         representation; it has no functional role. Java will never
 131  *         return an IPv4-mapped address.  These classes can take an
 132  *         IPv4-mapped address as input, both in byte array and text
 133  *         representation. However, it will be converted into an IPv4
 134  *         address.</td></tr>
 135  * </table></blockquote>
 136  *
 137  * <h4><A NAME="scoped">Textual representation of IPv6 scoped addresses</a></h4>
 138  *
 139  * <p> The textual representation of IPv6 addresses as described above can be
 140  * extended to specify IPv6 scoped addresses. This extension to the basic
 141  * addressing architecture is described in [draft-ietf-ipngwg-scoping-arch-04.txt].
 142  *
 143  * <p> Because link-local and site-local addresses are non-global, it is possible
 144  * that different hosts may have the same destination address and may be
 145  * reachable through different interfaces on the same originating system. In
 146  * this case, the originating system is said to be connected to multiple zones
 147  * of the same scope. In order to disambiguate which is the intended destination
 148  * zone, it is possible to append a zone identifier (or <i>scope_id</i>) to an
 149  * IPv6 address.
 150  *
 151  * <p> The general format for specifying the <i>scope_id</i> is the following:
 152  *
 153  * <blockquote><i>IPv6-address</i>%<i>scope_id</i></blockquote>
 154  * <p> The IPv6-address is a literal IPv6 address as described above.
 155  * The <i>scope_id</i> refers to an interface on the local system, and it can be
 156  * specified in two ways.
 157  * <ol><li><i>As a numeric identifier.</i> This must be a positive integer
 158  * that identifies the particular interface and scope as understood by the
 159  * system. Usually, the numeric values can be determined through administration
 160  * tools on the system. Each interface may have multiple values, one for each
 161  * scope. If the scope is unspecified, then the default value used is zero.</li>
 162  * <li><i>As a string.</i> This must be the exact string that is returned by
 163  * {@link java.net.NetworkInterface#getName()} for the particular interface in
 164  * question. When an Inet6Address is created in this way, the numeric scope-id
 165  * is determined at the time the object is created by querying the relevant
 166  * NetworkInterface.</li></ol>
 167  *
 168  * <p> Note also, that the numeric <i>scope_id</i> can be retrieved from
 169  * Inet6Address instances returned from the NetworkInterface class. This can be
 170  * used to find out the current scope ids configured on the system.
 171  * @since 1.4
 172  */
 173 
 174 public final
 175 class Inet6Address extends InetAddress {
 176     static final int INADDRSZ = 16;
 177 
 178     /*
 179      * cached scope_id - for link-local address use only.
 180      */
 181     private transient int cached_scope_id;  // 0
 182 
 183     private class Inet6AddressHolder {
 184 
 185         private Inet6AddressHolder() {
 186             ipaddress = new byte[INADDRSZ];
 187         }
 188 
 189         private Inet6AddressHolder(
 190             byte[] ipaddress, int scope_id, boolean scope_id_set,
 191             NetworkInterface ifname, boolean scope_ifname_set)
 192         {
 193             this.ipaddress = ipaddress;
 194             this.scope_id = scope_id;
 195             this.scope_id_set = scope_id_set;
 196             this.scope_ifname_set = scope_ifname_set;
 197             this.scope_ifname = ifname;
 198         }
 199 
 200         /**
 201          * Holds a 128-bit (16 bytes) IPv6 address.
 202          */
 203         byte[] ipaddress;
 204 
 205         /**
 206          * scope_id. The scope specified when the object is created. If the object
 207          * is created with an interface name, then the scope_id is not determined
 208          * until the time it is needed.
 209          */
 210         int scope_id;  // 0
 211 
 212         /**
 213          * This will be set to true when the scope_id field contains a valid
 214          * integer scope_id.
 215          */
 216         boolean scope_id_set;  // false
 217 
 218         /**
 219          * scoped interface. scope_id is derived from this as the scope_id of the first
 220          * address whose scope is the same as this address for the named interface.
 221          */
 222         NetworkInterface scope_ifname;  // null
 223 
 224         /**
 225          * set if the object is constructed with a scoped
 226          * interface instead of a numeric scope id.
 227          */
 228         boolean scope_ifname_set; // false;
 229 
 230         void setAddr(byte addr[]) {
 231             if (addr.length == INADDRSZ) { // normal IPv6 address
 232                 System.arraycopy(addr, 0, ipaddress, 0, INADDRSZ);
 233             }
 234         }
 235 
 236         void init(byte addr[], int scope_id) {
 237             setAddr(addr);
 238 
 239             if (scope_id >= 0) {
 240                 this.scope_id = scope_id;
 241                 this.scope_id_set = true;
 242             }
 243         }
 244 
 245         void init(byte addr[], NetworkInterface nif)
 246             throws UnknownHostException
 247         {
 248             setAddr(addr);
 249 
 250             if (nif != null) {
 251                 this.scope_id = deriveNumericScope(ipaddress, nif);
 252                 this.scope_id_set = true;
 253                 this.scope_ifname = nif;
 254                 this.scope_ifname_set = true;
 255             }
 256         }
 257 
 258         String getHostAddress() {
 259             String s = numericToTextFormat(ipaddress);
 260             if (scope_ifname != null) { /* must check this first */
 261                 s = s + "%" + scope_ifname.getName();
 262             } else if (scope_id_set) {
 263                 s = s + "%" + scope_id;
 264             }
 265             return s;
 266         }
 267 
 268         public boolean equals(Object o) {
 269             if (! (o instanceof Inet6AddressHolder)) {
 270                 return false;
 271             }
 272             Inet6AddressHolder that = (Inet6AddressHolder)o;
 273 
 274             return Arrays.equals(this.ipaddress, that.ipaddress);
 275         }
 276 
 277         public int hashCode() {
 278             if (ipaddress != null) {
 279 
 280                 int hash = 0;
 281                 int i=0;
 282                 while (i<INADDRSZ) {
 283                     int j=0;
 284                     int component=0;
 285                     while (j<4 && i<INADDRSZ) {
 286                         component = (component << 8) + ipaddress[i];
 287                         j++;
 288                         i++;
 289                     }
 290                     hash += component;
 291                 }
 292                 return hash;
 293 
 294             } else {
 295                 return 0;
 296             }
 297         }
 298 
 299         boolean isIPv4CompatibleAddress() {
 300             if ((ipaddress[0] == 0x00) && (ipaddress[1] == 0x00) &&
 301                 (ipaddress[2] == 0x00) && (ipaddress[3] == 0x00) &&
 302                 (ipaddress[4] == 0x00) && (ipaddress[5] == 0x00) &&
 303                 (ipaddress[6] == 0x00) && (ipaddress[7] == 0x00) &&
 304                 (ipaddress[8] == 0x00) && (ipaddress[9] == 0x00) &&
 305                 (ipaddress[10] == 0x00) && (ipaddress[11] == 0x00))  {
 306                 return true;
 307             }
 308             return false;
 309         }
 310 
 311         boolean isMulticastAddress() {
 312             return ((ipaddress[0] & 0xff) == 0xff);
 313         }
 314 
 315         boolean isAnyLocalAddress() {
 316             byte test = 0x00;
 317             for (int i = 0; i < INADDRSZ; i++) {
 318                 test |= ipaddress[i];
 319             }
 320             return (test == 0x00);
 321         }
 322 
 323         boolean isLoopbackAddress() {
 324             byte test = 0x00;
 325             for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
 326                 test |= ipaddress[i];
 327             }
 328             return (test == 0x00) && (ipaddress[15] == 0x01);
 329         }
 330 
 331         boolean isLinkLocalAddress() {
 332             return ((ipaddress[0] & 0xff) == 0xfe
 333                     && (ipaddress[1] & 0xc0) == 0x80);
 334         }
 335 
 336 
 337         boolean isSiteLocalAddress() {
 338             return ((ipaddress[0] & 0xff) == 0xfe
 339                     && (ipaddress[1] & 0xc0) == 0xc0);
 340         }
 341 
 342         boolean isMCGlobal() {
 343             return ((ipaddress[0] & 0xff) == 0xff
 344                     && (ipaddress[1] & 0x0f) == 0x0e);
 345         }
 346 
 347         boolean isMCNodeLocal() {
 348             return ((ipaddress[0] & 0xff) == 0xff
 349                     && (ipaddress[1] & 0x0f) == 0x01);
 350         }
 351 
 352         boolean isMCLinkLocal() {
 353             return ((ipaddress[0] & 0xff) == 0xff
 354                     && (ipaddress[1] & 0x0f) == 0x02);
 355         }
 356 
 357         boolean isMCSiteLocal() {
 358             return ((ipaddress[0] & 0xff) == 0xff
 359                     && (ipaddress[1] & 0x0f) == 0x05);
 360         }
 361 
 362         boolean isMCOrgLocal() {
 363             return ((ipaddress[0] & 0xff) == 0xff
 364                     && (ipaddress[1] & 0x0f) == 0x08);
 365         }
 366     }
 367 
 368     private final transient Inet6AddressHolder holder6;
 369 
 370     private static final long serialVersionUID = 6880410070516793377L;
 371 
 372     // Perform native initialization
 373     static { init(); }
 374 
 375     Inet6Address() {
 376         super();
 377         holder.init(null, IPv6);
 378         holder6 = new Inet6AddressHolder();
 379     }
 380 
 381     /* checking of value for scope_id should be done by caller
 382      * scope_id must be >= 0, or -1 to indicate not being set
 383      */
 384     Inet6Address(String hostName, byte addr[], int scope_id) {
 385         holder.init(hostName, IPv6);
 386         holder6 = new Inet6AddressHolder();
 387         holder6.init(addr, scope_id);
 388     }
 389 
 390     Inet6Address(String hostName, byte addr[]) {
 391         holder6 = new Inet6AddressHolder();
 392         try {
 393             initif (hostName, addr, null);
 394         } catch (UnknownHostException e) {} /* cant happen if ifname is null */
 395     }
 396 
 397     Inet6Address (String hostName, byte addr[], NetworkInterface nif)
 398         throws UnknownHostException
 399     {
 400         holder6 = new Inet6AddressHolder();
 401         initif (hostName, addr, nif);
 402     }
 403 
 404     Inet6Address (String hostName, byte addr[], String ifname)
 405         throws UnknownHostException
 406     {
 407         holder6 = new Inet6AddressHolder();
 408         initstr (hostName, addr, ifname);
 409     }
 410 
 411     /**
 412      * Create an Inet6Address in the exact manner of {@link
 413      * InetAddress#getByAddress(String,byte[])} except that the IPv6 scope_id is
 414      * set to the value corresponding to the given interface for the address
 415      * type specified in {@code addr}. The call will fail with an
 416      * UnknownHostException if the given interface does not have a numeric
 417      * scope_id assigned for the given address type (eg. link-local or site-local).
 418      * See <a href="Inet6Address.html#scoped">here</a> for a description of IPv6
 419      * scoped addresses.
 420      *
 421      * @param host the specified host
 422      * @param addr the raw IP address in network byte order
 423      * @param nif an interface this address must be associated with.
 424      * @return  an Inet6Address object created from the raw IP address.
 425      * @throws  UnknownHostException
 426      *          if IP address is of illegal length, or if the interface does not
 427      *          have a numeric scope_id assigned for the given address type.
 428      *
 429      * @since 1.5
 430      */
 431     public static Inet6Address getByAddress(String host, byte[] addr,
 432                                             NetworkInterface nif)
 433         throws UnknownHostException
 434     {
 435         if (host != null && host.length() > 0 && host.charAt(0) == '[') {
 436             if (host.charAt(host.length()-1) == ']') {
 437                 host = host.substring(1, host.length() -1);
 438             }
 439         }
 440         if (addr != null) {
 441             if (addr.length == Inet6Address.INADDRSZ) {
 442                 return new Inet6Address(host, addr, nif);
 443             }
 444         }
 445         throw new UnknownHostException("addr is of illegal length");
 446     }
 447 
 448     /**
 449      * Create an Inet6Address in the exact manner of {@link
 450      * InetAddress#getByAddress(String,byte[])} except that the IPv6 scope_id is
 451      * set to the given numeric value. The scope_id is not checked to determine
 452      * if it corresponds to any interface on the system.
 453      * See <a href="Inet6Address.html#scoped">here</a> for a description of IPv6
 454      * scoped addresses.
 455      *
 456      * @param host the specified host
 457      * @param addr the raw IP address in network byte order
 458      * @param scope_id the numeric scope_id for the address.
 459      * @return  an Inet6Address object created from the raw IP address.
 460      * @throws  UnknownHostException  if IP address is of illegal length.
 461      *
 462      * @since 1.5
 463      */
 464     public static Inet6Address getByAddress(String host, byte[] addr,
 465                                             int scope_id)
 466         throws UnknownHostException
 467     {
 468         if (host != null && host.length() > 0 && host.charAt(0) == '[') {
 469             if (host.charAt(host.length()-1) == ']') {
 470                 host = host.substring(1, host.length() -1);
 471             }
 472         }
 473         if (addr != null) {
 474             if (addr.length == Inet6Address.INADDRSZ) {
 475                 return new Inet6Address(host, addr, scope_id);
 476             }
 477         }
 478         throw new UnknownHostException("addr is of illegal length");
 479     }
 480 
 481     private void initstr(String hostName, byte addr[], String ifname)
 482         throws UnknownHostException
 483     {
 484         try {
 485             NetworkInterface nif = NetworkInterface.getByName (ifname);
 486             if (nif == null) {
 487                 throw new UnknownHostException ("no such interface " + ifname);
 488             }
 489             initif (hostName, addr, nif);
 490         } catch (SocketException e) {
 491             throw new UnknownHostException ("SocketException thrown" + ifname);
 492         }
 493     }
 494 
 495     private void initif(String hostName, byte addr[], NetworkInterface nif)
 496         throws UnknownHostException
 497     {
 498         int family = -1;
 499         holder6.init(addr, nif);
 500 
 501         if (addr.length == INADDRSZ) { // normal IPv6 address
 502             family = IPv6;
 503         }
 504         holder.init(hostName, family);
 505     }
 506 
 507     /* check the two Ipv6 addresses and return false if they are both
 508      * non global address types, but not the same.
 509      * (ie. one is sitelocal and the other linklocal)
 510      * return true otherwise.
 511      */
 512 
 513     private static boolean isDifferentLocalAddressType(
 514         byte[] thisAddr, byte[] otherAddr) {
 515 
 516         if (Inet6Address.isLinkLocalAddress(thisAddr) &&
 517                 !Inet6Address.isLinkLocalAddress(otherAddr)) {
 518             return false;
 519         }
 520         if (Inet6Address.isSiteLocalAddress(thisAddr) &&
 521                 !Inet6Address.isSiteLocalAddress(otherAddr)) {
 522             return false;
 523         }
 524         return true;
 525     }
 526 
 527     private static int deriveNumericScope (byte[] thisAddr, NetworkInterface ifc) throws UnknownHostException {
 528         Enumeration<InetAddress> addresses = ifc.getInetAddresses();
 529         while (addresses.hasMoreElements()) {
 530             InetAddress addr = addresses.nextElement();
 531             if (!(addr instanceof Inet6Address)) {
 532                 continue;
 533             }
 534             Inet6Address ia6_addr = (Inet6Address)addr;
 535             /* check if site or link local prefixes match */
 536             if (!isDifferentLocalAddressType(thisAddr, ia6_addr.getAddress())){
 537                 /* type not the same, so carry on searching */
 538                 continue;
 539             }
 540             /* found a matching address - return its scope_id */
 541             return ia6_addr.getScopeId();
 542         }
 543         throw new UnknownHostException ("no scope_id found");
 544     }
 545 
 546     private int deriveNumericScope (String ifname) throws UnknownHostException {
 547         Enumeration<NetworkInterface> en;
 548         try {
 549             en = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
 550         } catch (SocketException e) {
 551             throw new UnknownHostException ("could not enumerate local network interfaces");
 552         }
 553         while (en.hasMoreElements()) {
 554             NetworkInterface ifc = en.nextElement();
 555             if (ifc.getName().equals (ifname)) {
 556                 return deriveNumericScope(holder6.ipaddress, ifc);
 557             }
 558         }
 559         throw new UnknownHostException ("No matching address found for interface : " +ifname);
 560     }
 561 
 562     /**
 563      * @serialField ipaddress byte[]
 564      * @serialField scope_id int
 565      * @serialField scope_id_set boolean
 566      * @serialField scope_ifname_set boolean
 567      * @serialField ifname String
 568      */
 569 
 570     private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields = {
 571          new ObjectStreamField("ipaddress", byte[].class),
 572          new ObjectStreamField("scope_id", int.class),
 573          new ObjectStreamField("scope_id_set", boolean.class),
 574          new ObjectStreamField("scope_ifname_set", boolean.class),
 575          new ObjectStreamField("ifname", String.class)
 576     };
 577 
 578     private static final long FIELDS_OFFSET;
 579     private static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE;
 580 
 581     static {
 582         try {
 583             sun.misc.Unsafe unsafe = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
 584             FIELDS_OFFSET = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(
 585                     Inet6Address.class.getDeclaredField("holder6"));
 586             UNSAFE = unsafe;
 587         } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
 588             throw new Error(e);
 589         }
 590     }
 591 
 592     /**
 593      * restore the state of this object from stream
 594      * including the scope information, only if the
 595      * scoped interface name is valid on this system
 596      */
 597     private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s)
 598         throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
 599         NetworkInterface scope_ifname = null;
 600 
 601         if (getClass().getClassLoader() != null) {
 602             throw new SecurityException ("invalid address type");
 603         }
 604 
 605         ObjectInputStream.GetField gf = s.readFields();
 606         byte[] ipaddress = (byte[])gf.get("ipaddress", null);
 607         int scope_id = gf.get("scope_id", -1);
 608         boolean scope_id_set = gf.get("scope_id_set", false);
 609         boolean scope_ifname_set = gf.get("scope_ifname_set", false);
 610         String ifname = (String)gf.get("ifname", null);
 611 
 612         if (ifname != null && !"".equals (ifname)) {
 613             try {
 614                 scope_ifname = NetworkInterface.getByName(ifname);
 615                 if (scope_ifname == null) {
 616                     /* the interface does not exist on this system, so we clear
 617                      * the scope information completely */
 618                     scope_id_set = false;
 619                     scope_ifname_set = false;
 620                     scope_id = 0;
 621                 } else {
 622                     scope_ifname_set = true;
 623                     try {
 624                         scope_id = deriveNumericScope (ipaddress, scope_ifname);
 625                     } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
 626                         // typically should not happen, but it may be that
 627                         // the machine being used for deserialization has
 628                         // the same interface name but without IPv6 configured.
 629                     }
 630                 }
 631             } catch (SocketException e) {}
 632         }
 633 
 634         /* if ifname was not supplied, then the numeric info is used */
 635 
 636         ipaddress = ipaddress.clone();
 637 
 638         // Check that our invariants are satisfied
 639         if (ipaddress.length != INADDRSZ) {
 640             throw new InvalidObjectException("invalid address length: "+
 641                                              ipaddress.length);
 642         }
 643 
 644         if (holder.getFamily() != IPv6) {
 645             throw new InvalidObjectException("invalid address family type");
 646         }
 647 
 648         Inet6AddressHolder h = new Inet6AddressHolder(
 649             ipaddress, scope_id, scope_id_set, scope_ifname, scope_ifname_set
 650         );
 651 
 652         UNSAFE.putObject(this, FIELDS_OFFSET, h);
 653     }
 654 
 655     /**
 656      * default behavior is overridden in order to write the
 657      * scope_ifname field as a String, rather than a NetworkInterface
 658      * which is not serializable
 659      */
 660     private synchronized void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream s)
 661         throws IOException
 662     {
 663             String ifname = null;
 664 
 665         if (holder6.scope_ifname != null) {
 666             ifname = holder6.scope_ifname.getName();
 667             holder6.scope_ifname_set = true;
 668         }
 669         ObjectOutputStream.PutField pfields = s.putFields();
 670         pfields.put("ipaddress", holder6.ipaddress);
 671         pfields.put("scope_id", holder6.scope_id);
 672         pfields.put("scope_id_set", holder6.scope_id_set);
 673         pfields.put("scope_ifname_set", holder6.scope_ifname_set);
 674         pfields.put("ifname", ifname);
 675         s.writeFields();
 676     }
 677 
 678     /**
 679      * Utility routine to check if the InetAddress is an IP multicast
 680      * address. 11111111 at the start of the address identifies the
 681      * address as being a multicast address.
 682      *
 683      * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the InetAddress is an IP
 684      *         multicast address
 685      *
 686      * @since 1.1
 687      */
 688     @Override
 689     public boolean isMulticastAddress() {
 690         return holder6.isMulticastAddress();
 691     }
 692 
 693     /**
 694      * Utility routine to check if the InetAddress in a wildcard address.
 695      *
 696      * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the Inetaddress is
 697      *         a wildcard address.
 698      *
 699      * @since 1.4
 700      */
 701     @Override
 702     public boolean isAnyLocalAddress() {
 703         return holder6.isAnyLocalAddress();
 704     }
 705 
 706     /**
 707      * Utility routine to check if the InetAddress is a loopback address.
 708      *
 709      * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the InetAddress is a loopback
 710      *         address; or false otherwise.
 711      *
 712      * @since 1.4
 713      */
 714     @Override
 715     public boolean isLoopbackAddress() {
 716         return holder6.isLoopbackAddress();
 717     }
 718 
 719     /**
 720      * Utility routine to check if the InetAddress is an link local address.
 721      *
 722      * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the InetAddress is a link local
 723      *         address; or false if address is not a link local unicast address.
 724      *
 725      * @since 1.4
 726      */
 727     @Override
 728     public boolean isLinkLocalAddress() {
 729         return holder6.isLinkLocalAddress();
 730     }
 731 
 732     /* static version of above */
 733     static boolean isLinkLocalAddress(byte[] ipaddress) {
 734         return ((ipaddress[0] & 0xff) == 0xfe
 735                 && (ipaddress[1] & 0xc0) == 0x80);
 736     }
 737 
 738     /**
 739      * Utility routine to check if the InetAddress is a site local address.
 740      *
 741      * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the InetAddress is a site local
 742      *         address; or false if address is not a site local unicast address.
 743      *
 744      * @since 1.4
 745      */
 746     @Override
 747     public boolean isSiteLocalAddress() {
 748         return holder6.isSiteLocalAddress();
 749     }
 750 
 751     /* static version of above */
 752     static boolean isSiteLocalAddress(byte[] ipaddress) {
 753         return ((ipaddress[0] & 0xff) == 0xfe
 754                 && (ipaddress[1] & 0xc0) == 0xc0);
 755     }
 756 
 757     /**
 758      * Utility routine to check if the multicast address has global scope.
 759      *
 760      * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the address has is a multicast
 761      *         address of global scope, false if it is not of global scope or
 762      *         it is not a multicast address
 763      *
 764      * @since 1.4
 765      */
 766     @Override
 767     public boolean isMCGlobal() {
 768         return holder6.isMCGlobal();
 769     }
 770 
 771     /**
 772      * Utility routine to check if the multicast address has node scope.
 773      *
 774      * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the address has is a multicast
 775      *         address of node-local scope, false if it is not of node-local
 776      *         scope or it is not a multicast address
 777      *
 778      * @since 1.4
 779      */
 780     @Override
 781     public boolean isMCNodeLocal() {
 782         return holder6.isMCNodeLocal();
 783     }
 784 
 785     /**
 786      * Utility routine to check if the multicast address has link scope.
 787      *
 788      * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the address has is a multicast
 789      *         address of link-local scope, false if it is not of link-local
 790      *         scope or it is not a multicast address
 791      *
 792      * @since 1.4
 793      */
 794     @Override
 795     public boolean isMCLinkLocal() {
 796         return holder6.isMCLinkLocal();
 797     }
 798 
 799     /**
 800      * Utility routine to check if the multicast address has site scope.
 801      *
 802      * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the address has is a multicast
 803      *         address of site-local scope, false if it is not  of site-local
 804      *         scope or it is not a multicast address
 805      *
 806      * @since 1.4
 807      */
 808     @Override
 809     public boolean isMCSiteLocal() {
 810         return holder6.isMCSiteLocal();
 811     }
 812 
 813     /**
 814      * Utility routine to check if the multicast address has organization scope.
 815      *
 816      * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the address has is a multicast
 817      *         address of organization-local scope, false if it is not of
 818      *         organization-local scope or it is not a multicast address
 819      *
 820      * @since 1.4
 821      */
 822     @Override
 823     public boolean isMCOrgLocal() {
 824         return holder6.isMCOrgLocal();
 825     }
 826     /**
 827      * Returns the raw IP address of this {@code InetAddress} object. The result
 828      * is in network byte order: the highest order byte of the address is in
 829      * {@code getAddress()[0]}.
 830      *
 831      * @return  the raw IP address of this object.
 832      */
 833     @Override
 834     public byte[] getAddress() {
 835         return holder6.ipaddress.clone();
 836     }
 837 
 838     /**
 839      * Returns the numeric scopeId, if this instance is associated with
 840      * an interface. If no scoped_id is set, the returned value is zero.
 841      *
 842      * @return the scopeId, or zero if not set.
 843      *
 844      * @since 1.5
 845      */
 846      public int getScopeId() {
 847         return holder6.scope_id;
 848      }
 849 
 850     /**
 851      * Returns the scoped interface, if this instance was created with
 852      * with a scoped interface.
 853      *
 854      * @return the scoped interface, or null if not set.
 855      * @since 1.5
 856      */
 857      public NetworkInterface getScopedInterface() {
 858         return holder6.scope_ifname;
 859      }
 860 
 861     /**
 862      * Returns the IP address string in textual presentation. If the instance
 863      * was created specifying a scope identifier then the scope id is appended
 864      * to the IP address preceded by a "%" (per-cent) character. This can be
 865      * either a numeric value or a string, depending on which was used to create
 866      * the instance.
 867      *
 868      * @return  the raw IP address in a string format.
 869      */
 870     @Override
 871     public String getHostAddress() {
 872         return holder6.getHostAddress();
 873     }
 874 
 875     /**
 876      * Returns a hashcode for this IP address.
 877      *
 878      * @return  a hash code value for this IP address.
 879      */
 880     @Override
 881     public int hashCode() {
 882         return holder6.hashCode();
 883     }
 884 
 885     /**
 886      * Compares this object against the specified object. The result is {@code
 887      * true} if and only if the argument is not {@code null} and it represents
 888      * the same IP address as this object.
 889      *
 890      * <p> Two instances of {@code InetAddress} represent the same IP address
 891      * if the length of the byte arrays returned by {@code getAddress} is the
 892      * same for both, and each of the array components is the same for the byte
 893      * arrays.
 894      *
 895      * @param   obj   the object to compare against.
 896      *
 897      * @return  {@code true} if the objects are the same; {@code false} otherwise.
 898      *
 899      * @see     java.net.InetAddress#getAddress()
 900      */
 901     @Override
 902     public boolean equals(Object obj) {
 903         if (obj == null || !(obj instanceof Inet6Address))
 904             return false;
 905 
 906         Inet6Address inetAddr = (Inet6Address)obj;
 907 
 908         return holder6.equals(inetAddr.holder6);
 909     }
 910 
 911     /**
 912      * Utility routine to check if the InetAddress is an
 913      * IPv4 compatible IPv6 address.
 914      *
 915      * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the InetAddress is an IPv4
 916      *         compatible IPv6 address; or false if address is IPv4 address.
 917      *
 918      * @since 1.4
 919      */
 920     public boolean isIPv4CompatibleAddress() {
 921         return holder6.isIPv4CompatibleAddress();
 922     }
 923 
 924     // Utilities
 925     private static final int INT16SZ = 2;
 926 
 927     /*
 928      * Convert IPv6 binary address into presentation (printable) format.
 929      *
 930      * @param src a byte array representing the IPv6 numeric address
 931      * @return a String representing an IPv6 address in
 932      *         textual representation format
 933      * @since 1.4
 934      */
 935     static String numericToTextFormat(byte[] src) {
 936         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(39);
 937         for (int i = 0; i < (INADDRSZ / INT16SZ); i++) {
 938             sb.append(Integer.toHexString(((src[i<<1]<<8) & 0xff00)
 939                                           | (src[(i<<1)+1] & 0xff)));
 940             if (i < (INADDRSZ / INT16SZ) -1 ) {
 941                sb.append(":");
 942             }
 943         }
 944         return sb.toString();
 945     }
 946 
 947     /**
 948      * Perform class load-time initializations.
 949      */
 950     private static native void init();
 951 }