1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2001, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package sun.reflect;
  27 
  28 import java.lang.reflect.*;
  29 import sun.misc.Unsafe;
  30 
  31 /** Shared functionality for all accessor generators */
  32 
  33 class AccessorGenerator implements ClassFileConstants {
  34     static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
  35 
  36     // Constants because there's no way to say "short integer constant",
  37     // i.e., "1S"
  38     protected static final short S0 = (short) 0;
  39     protected static final short S1 = (short) 1;
  40     protected static final short S2 = (short) 2;
  41     protected static final short S3 = (short) 3;
  42     protected static final short S4 = (short) 4;
  43     protected static final short S5 = (short) 5;
  44     protected static final short S6 = (short) 6;
  45 
  46     // Instance variables for shared functionality between
  47     // FieldAccessorGenerator and MethodAccessorGenerator
  48     protected ClassFileAssembler asm;
  49     protected int   modifiers;
  50     protected short thisClass;
  51     protected short superClass;
  52     protected short targetClass;
  53     // Common constant pool entries to FieldAccessor and MethodAccessor
  54     protected short throwableClass;
  55     protected short classCastClass;
  56     protected short nullPointerClass;
  57     protected short illegalArgumentClass;
  58     protected short invocationTargetClass;
  59     protected short initIdx;
  60     protected short initNameAndTypeIdx;
  61     protected short initStringNameAndTypeIdx;
  62     protected short nullPointerCtorIdx;
  63     protected short illegalArgumentCtorIdx;
  64     protected short illegalArgumentStringCtorIdx;
  65     protected short invocationTargetCtorIdx;
  66     protected short superCtorIdx;
  67     protected short objectClass;
  68     protected short toStringIdx;
  69     protected short codeIdx;
  70     protected short exceptionsIdx;
  71     // Boxing
  72     protected short valueOfIdx;
  73     protected short booleanIdx;
  74     protected short booleanBoxIdx;
  75     protected short booleanUnboxIdx;
  76     protected short byteIdx;
  77     protected short byteBoxIdx;
  78     protected short byteUnboxIdx;
  79     protected short characterIdx;
  80     protected short characterBoxIdx;
  81     protected short characterUnboxIdx;
  82     protected short doubleIdx;
  83     protected short doubleBoxIdx;
  84     protected short doubleUnboxIdx;
  85     protected short floatIdx;
  86     protected short floatBoxIdx;
  87     protected short floatUnboxIdx;
  88     protected short integerIdx;
  89     protected short integerBoxIdx;
  90     protected short integerUnboxIdx;
  91     protected short longIdx;
  92     protected short longBoxIdx;
  93     protected short longUnboxIdx;
  94     protected short shortIdx;
  95     protected short shortBoxIdx;
  96     protected short shortUnboxIdx;
  97 
  98     protected final short NUM_COMMON_CPOOL_ENTRIES = (short) 30;
  99     protected final short NUM_BOXING_CPOOL_ENTRIES = (short) 73;
 100 
 101     // Requires that superClass has been set up
 102     protected void emitCommonConstantPoolEntries() {
 103         // +   [UTF-8] "java/lang/Throwable"
 104         // +   [CONSTANT_Class_info] for above
 105         // +   [UTF-8] "java/lang/ClassCastException"
 106         // +   [CONSTANT_Class_info] for above
 107         // +   [UTF-8] "java/lang/NullPointerException"
 108         // +   [CONSTANT_Class_info] for above
 109         // +   [UTF-8] "java/lang/IllegalArgumentException"
 110         // +   [CONSTANT_Class_info] for above
 111         // +   [UTF-8] "java/lang/InvocationTargetException"
 112         // +   [CONSTANT_Class_info] for above
 113         // +   [UTF-8] "<init>"
 114         // +   [UTF-8] "()V"
 115         // +   [CONSTANT_NameAndType_info] for above
 116         // +   [CONSTANT_Methodref_info] for NullPointerException's constructor
 117         // +   [CONSTANT_Methodref_info] for IllegalArgumentException's constructor
 118         // +   [UTF-8] "(Ljava/lang/String;)V"
 119         // +   [CONSTANT_NameAndType_info] for "<init>(Ljava/lang/String;)V"
 120         // +   [CONSTANT_Methodref_info] for IllegalArgumentException's constructor taking a String
 121         // +   [UTF-8] "(Ljava/lang/Throwable;)V"
 122         // +   [CONSTANT_NameAndType_info] for "<init>(Ljava/lang/Throwable;)V"
 123         // +   [CONSTANT_Methodref_info] for InvocationTargetException's constructor
 124         // +   [CONSTANT_Methodref_info] for "super()"
 125         // +   [UTF-8] "java/lang/Object"
 126         // +   [CONSTANT_Class_info] for above
 127         // +   [UTF-8] "toString"
 128         // +   [UTF-8] "()Ljava/lang/String;"
 129         // +   [CONSTANT_NameAndType_info] for "toString()Ljava/lang/String;"
 130         // +   [CONSTANT_Methodref_info] for Object's toString method
 131         // +   [UTF-8] "Code"
 132         // +   [UTF-8] "Exceptions"
 133         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("java/lang/Throwable");
 134         asm.emitConstantPoolClass(asm.cpi());
 135         throwableClass = asm.cpi();
 136         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("java/lang/ClassCastException");
 137         asm.emitConstantPoolClass(asm.cpi());
 138         classCastClass = asm.cpi();
 139         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("java/lang/NullPointerException");
 140         asm.emitConstantPoolClass(asm.cpi());
 141         nullPointerClass = asm.cpi();
 142         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("java/lang/IllegalArgumentException");
 143         asm.emitConstantPoolClass(asm.cpi());
 144         illegalArgumentClass = asm.cpi();
 145         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("java/lang/reflect/InvocationTargetException");
 146         asm.emitConstantPoolClass(asm.cpi());
 147         invocationTargetClass = asm.cpi();
 148         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("<init>");
 149         initIdx = asm.cpi();
 150         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("()V");
 151         asm.emitConstantPoolNameAndType(initIdx, asm.cpi());
 152         initNameAndTypeIdx = asm.cpi();
 153         asm.emitConstantPoolMethodref(nullPointerClass, initNameAndTypeIdx);
 154         nullPointerCtorIdx = asm.cpi();
 155         asm.emitConstantPoolMethodref(illegalArgumentClass, initNameAndTypeIdx);
 156         illegalArgumentCtorIdx = asm.cpi();
 157         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("(Ljava/lang/String;)V");
 158         asm.emitConstantPoolNameAndType(initIdx, asm.cpi());
 159         initStringNameAndTypeIdx = asm.cpi();
 160         asm.emitConstantPoolMethodref(illegalArgumentClass, initStringNameAndTypeIdx);
 161         illegalArgumentStringCtorIdx = asm.cpi();
 162         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("(Ljava/lang/Throwable;)V");
 163         asm.emitConstantPoolNameAndType(initIdx, asm.cpi());
 164         asm.emitConstantPoolMethodref(invocationTargetClass, asm.cpi());
 165         invocationTargetCtorIdx = asm.cpi();
 166         asm.emitConstantPoolMethodref(superClass, initNameAndTypeIdx);
 167         superCtorIdx = asm.cpi();
 168         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("java/lang/Object");
 169         asm.emitConstantPoolClass(asm.cpi());
 170         objectClass = asm.cpi();
 171         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("toString");
 172         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("()Ljava/lang/String;");
 173         asm.emitConstantPoolNameAndType(sub(asm.cpi(), S1), asm.cpi());
 174         asm.emitConstantPoolMethodref(objectClass, asm.cpi());
 175         toStringIdx = asm.cpi();
 176         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("Code");
 177         codeIdx = asm.cpi();
 178         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("Exceptions");
 179         exceptionsIdx = asm.cpi();
 180     }
 181 
 182     /** Constant pool entries required to be able to box/unbox primitive
 183         types. Note that we don't emit these if we don't need them. */
 184     protected void emitBoxingContantPoolEntries() {
 185         //  *  [UTF-8] "valueOf"
 186         //  *  [UTF-8] "java/lang/Boolean"
 187         //  *  [CONSTANT_Class_info] for above
 188         //  *  [UTF-8] "(Z)Ljava/lang/Boolean;"
 189         //  *  [CONSTANT_NameAndType_info] for above
 190         //  *  [CONSTANT_Methodref_info] for above
 191         //  *  [UTF-8] "booleanValue"
 192         //  *  [UTF-8] "()Z"
 193         //  *  [CONSTANT_NameAndType_info] for above
 194         //  *  [CONSTANT_Methodref_info] for above
 195         //  *  [UTF-8] "java/lang/Byte"
 196         //  *  [CONSTANT_Class_info] for above
 197         //  *  [UTF-8] "(B)Ljava/lang/Byte;"
 198         //  *  [CONSTANT_NameAndType_info] for above
 199         //  *  [CONSTANT_Methodref_info] for above
 200         //  *  [UTF-8] "byteValue"
 201         //  *  [UTF-8] "()B"
 202         //  *  [CONSTANT_NameAndType_info] for above
 203         //  *  [CONSTANT_Methodref_info] for above
 204         //  *  [UTF-8] "java/lang/Character"
 205         //  *  [CONSTANT_Class_info] for above
 206         //  *  [UTF-8] "(C)Ljava/lang/Character;"
 207         //  *  [CONSTANT_NameAndType_info] for above
 208         //  *  [CONSTANT_Methodref_info] for above
 209         //  *  [UTF-8] "charValue"
 210         //  *  [UTF-8] "()C"
 211         //  *  [CONSTANT_NameAndType_info] for above
 212         //  *  [CONSTANT_Methodref_info] for above
 213         //  *  [UTF-8] "java/lang/Double"
 214         //  *  [CONSTANT_Class_info] for above
 215         //  *  [UTF-8] "(D)Ljava/lang/Double;"
 216         //  *  [CONSTANT_NameAndType_info] for above
 217         //  *  [CONSTANT_Methodref_info] for above
 218         //  *  [UTF-8] "doubleValue"
 219         //  *  [UTF-8] "()D"
 220         //  *  [CONSTANT_NameAndType_info] for above
 221         //  *  [CONSTANT_Methodref_info] for above
 222         //  *  [UTF-8] "java/lang/Float"
 223         //  *  [CONSTANT_Class_info] for above
 224         //  *  [UTF-8] "(F)Ljava/lang/Float;"
 225         //  *  [CONSTANT_NameAndType_info] for above
 226         //  *  [CONSTANT_Methodref_info] for above
 227         //  *  [UTF-8] "floatValue"
 228         //  *  [UTF-8] "()F"
 229         //  *  [CONSTANT_NameAndType_info] for above
 230         //  *  [CONSTANT_Methodref_info] for above
 231         //  *  [UTF-8] "java/lang/Integer"
 232         //  *  [CONSTANT_Class_info] for above
 233         //  *  [UTF-8] "(I)Ljava/lang/Integer;"
 234         //  *  [CONSTANT_NameAndType_info] for above
 235         //  *  [CONSTANT_Methodref_info] for above
 236         //  *  [UTF-8] "intValue"
 237         //  *  [UTF-8] "()I"
 238         //  *  [CONSTANT_NameAndType_info] for above
 239         //  *  [CONSTANT_Methodref_info] for above
 240         //  *  [UTF-8] "java/lang/Long"
 241         //  *  [CONSTANT_Class_info] for above
 242         //  *  [UTF-8] "(J)Ljava/lang/Long;"
 243         //  *  [CONSTANT_NameAndType_info] for above
 244         //  *  [CONSTANT_Methodref_info] for above
 245         //  *  [UTF-8] "longValue"
 246         //  *  [UTF-8] "()J"
 247         //  *  [CONSTANT_NameAndType_info] for above
 248         //  *  [CONSTANT_Methodref_info] for above
 249         //  *  [UTF-8] "java/lang/Short"
 250         //  *  [CONSTANT_Class_info] for above
 251         //  *  [UTF-8] "(S)Ljava/lang/Short;"
 252         //  *  [CONSTANT_NameAndType_info] for above
 253         //  *  [CONSTANT_Methodref_info] for above
 254         //  *  [UTF-8] "shortValue"
 255         //  *  [UTF-8] "()S"
 256         //  *  [CONSTANT_NameAndType_info] for above
 257         //  *  [CONSTANT_Methodref_info] for above
 258 
 259         // valueOf-method name
 260         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("valueOf");
 261         valueOfIdx = asm.cpi();
 262 
 263         // Boolean
 264         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("java/lang/Boolean");
 265         asm.emitConstantPoolClass(asm.cpi());
 266         booleanIdx = asm.cpi();
 267         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("(Z)Ljava/lang/Boolean;");
 268         asm.emitConstantPoolNameAndType(valueOfIdx, asm.cpi());
 269         asm.emitConstantPoolMethodref(sub(asm.cpi(), S2), asm.cpi());
 270         booleanBoxIdx = asm.cpi();
 271         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("booleanValue");
 272         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("()Z");
 273         asm.emitConstantPoolNameAndType(sub(asm.cpi(), S1), asm.cpi());
 274         asm.emitConstantPoolMethodref(sub(asm.cpi(), S6), asm.cpi());
 275         booleanUnboxIdx = asm.cpi();
 276 
 277         // Byte
 278         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("java/lang/Byte");
 279         asm.emitConstantPoolClass(asm.cpi());
 280         byteIdx = asm.cpi();
 281         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("(B)Ljava/lang/Byte;");
 282         asm.emitConstantPoolNameAndType(valueOfIdx, asm.cpi());
 283         asm.emitConstantPoolMethodref(sub(asm.cpi(), S2), asm.cpi());
 284         byteBoxIdx = asm.cpi();
 285         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("byteValue");
 286         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("()B");
 287         asm.emitConstantPoolNameAndType(sub(asm.cpi(), S1), asm.cpi());
 288         asm.emitConstantPoolMethodref(sub(asm.cpi(), S6), asm.cpi());
 289         byteUnboxIdx = asm.cpi();
 290 
 291         // Character
 292         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("java/lang/Character");
 293         asm.emitConstantPoolClass(asm.cpi());
 294         characterIdx = asm.cpi();
 295         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("(C)Ljava/lang/Character;");
 296         asm.emitConstantPoolNameAndType(valueOfIdx, asm.cpi());
 297         asm.emitConstantPoolMethodref(sub(asm.cpi(), S2), asm.cpi());
 298         characterBoxIdx = asm.cpi();
 299         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("charValue");
 300         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("()C");
 301         asm.emitConstantPoolNameAndType(sub(asm.cpi(), S1), asm.cpi());
 302         asm.emitConstantPoolMethodref(sub(asm.cpi(), S6), asm.cpi());
 303         characterUnboxIdx = asm.cpi();
 304 
 305         // Double
 306         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("java/lang/Double");
 307         asm.emitConstantPoolClass(asm.cpi());
 308         doubleIdx = asm.cpi();
 309         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("(D)Ljava/lang/Double;");
 310         asm.emitConstantPoolNameAndType(valueOfIdx, asm.cpi());
 311         asm.emitConstantPoolMethodref(sub(asm.cpi(), S2), asm.cpi());
 312         doubleBoxIdx = asm.cpi();
 313         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("doubleValue");
 314         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("()D");
 315         asm.emitConstantPoolNameAndType(sub(asm.cpi(), S1), asm.cpi());
 316         asm.emitConstantPoolMethodref(sub(asm.cpi(), S6), asm.cpi());
 317         doubleUnboxIdx = asm.cpi();
 318 
 319         // Float
 320         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("java/lang/Float");
 321         asm.emitConstantPoolClass(asm.cpi());
 322         floatIdx = asm.cpi();
 323         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("(F)Ljava/lang/Float;");
 324         asm.emitConstantPoolNameAndType(valueOfIdx, asm.cpi());
 325         asm.emitConstantPoolMethodref(sub(asm.cpi(), S2), asm.cpi());
 326         floatBoxIdx = asm.cpi();
 327         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("floatValue");
 328         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("()F");
 329         asm.emitConstantPoolNameAndType(sub(asm.cpi(), S1), asm.cpi());
 330         asm.emitConstantPoolMethodref(sub(asm.cpi(), S6), asm.cpi());
 331         floatUnboxIdx = asm.cpi();
 332 
 333         // Integer
 334         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("java/lang/Integer");
 335         asm.emitConstantPoolClass(asm.cpi());
 336         integerIdx = asm.cpi();
 337         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("(I)Ljava/lang/Integer;");
 338         asm.emitConstantPoolNameAndType(valueOfIdx, asm.cpi());
 339         asm.emitConstantPoolMethodref(sub(asm.cpi(), S2), asm.cpi());
 340         integerBoxIdx = asm.cpi();
 341         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("intValue");
 342         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("()I");
 343         asm.emitConstantPoolNameAndType(sub(asm.cpi(), S1), asm.cpi());
 344         asm.emitConstantPoolMethodref(sub(asm.cpi(), S6), asm.cpi());
 345         integerUnboxIdx = asm.cpi();
 346 
 347         // Long
 348         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("java/lang/Long");
 349         asm.emitConstantPoolClass(asm.cpi());
 350         longIdx = asm.cpi();
 351         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("(J)Ljava/lang/Long;");
 352         asm.emitConstantPoolNameAndType(valueOfIdx, asm.cpi());
 353         asm.emitConstantPoolMethodref(sub(asm.cpi(), S2), asm.cpi());
 354         longBoxIdx = asm.cpi();
 355         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("longValue");
 356         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("()J");
 357         asm.emitConstantPoolNameAndType(sub(asm.cpi(), S1), asm.cpi());
 358         asm.emitConstantPoolMethodref(sub(asm.cpi(), S6), asm.cpi());
 359         longUnboxIdx = asm.cpi();
 360 
 361         // Short
 362         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("java/lang/Short");
 363         asm.emitConstantPoolClass(asm.cpi());
 364         shortIdx = asm.cpi();
 365         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("(S)Ljava/lang/Short;");
 366         asm.emitConstantPoolNameAndType(valueOfIdx, asm.cpi());
 367         asm.emitConstantPoolMethodref(sub(asm.cpi(), S2), asm.cpi());
 368         shortBoxIdx = asm.cpi();
 369         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("shortValue");
 370         asm.emitConstantPoolUTF8("()S");
 371         asm.emitConstantPoolNameAndType(sub(asm.cpi(), S1), asm.cpi());
 372         asm.emitConstantPoolMethodref(sub(asm.cpi(), S6), asm.cpi());
 373         shortUnboxIdx = asm.cpi();
 374     }
 375 
 376     // Necessary because of Java's annoying promotion rules
 377     protected static short add(short s1, short s2) {
 378         return (short) (s1 + s2);
 379     }
 380 
 381     protected static short sub(short s1, short s2) {
 382         return (short) (s1 - s2);
 383     }
 384 
 385     protected boolean isStatic() {
 386         return Modifier.isStatic(modifiers);
 387     }
 388 
 389     protected boolean isPrivate() {
 390         return Modifier.isPrivate(modifiers);
 391     }
 392 
 393     /** Returns class name in "internal" form (i.e., '/' separators
 394         instead of '.') */
 395     protected static String getClassName
 396         (Class<?> c, boolean addPrefixAndSuffixForNonPrimitiveTypes)
 397     {
 398         if (c.isPrimitive()) {
 399             if (c == Boolean.TYPE) {
 400                 return "Z";
 401             } else if (c == Byte.TYPE) {
 402                 return "B";
 403             } else if (c == Character.TYPE) {
 404                 return "C";
 405             } else if (c == Double.TYPE) {
 406                 return "D";
 407             } else if (c == Float.TYPE) {
 408                 return "F";
 409             } else if (c == Integer.TYPE) {
 410                 return "I";
 411             } else if (c == Long.TYPE) {
 412                 return "J";
 413             } else if (c == Short.TYPE) {
 414                 return "S";
 415             } else if (c == Void.TYPE) {
 416                 return "V";
 417             }
 418             throw new InternalError("Should have found primitive type");
 419         } else if (c.isArray()) {
 420             return "[" + getClassName(c.getComponentType(), true);
 421         } else {
 422             if (addPrefixAndSuffixForNonPrimitiveTypes) {
 423                 return internalize("L" + c.getName() + ";");
 424             } else {
 425                 return internalize(c.getName());
 426             }
 427         }
 428     }
 429 
 430     private static String internalize(String className) {
 431         return className.replace('.', '/');
 432     }
 433 
 434     protected void emitConstructor() {
 435         // Generate code into fresh code buffer
 436         ClassFileAssembler cb = new ClassFileAssembler();
 437         // 0 incoming arguments
 438         cb.setMaxLocals(1);
 439         cb.opc_aload_0();
 440         cb.opc_invokespecial(superCtorIdx, 0, 0);
 441         cb.opc_return();
 442 
 443         // Emit method
 444         emitMethod(initIdx, cb.getMaxLocals(), cb, null, null);
 445     }
 446 
 447     // The descriptor's index in the constant pool must be (1 +
 448     // nameIdx). "numArgs" must indicate ALL arguments, including the
 449     // implicit "this" argument; double and long arguments each count
 450     // as 2 in this count. The code buffer must NOT contain the code
 451     // length. The exception table may be null, but if non-null must
 452     // NOT contain the exception table's length. The checked exception
 453     // indices may be null.
 454     protected void emitMethod(short nameIdx,
 455                               int numArgs,
 456                               ClassFileAssembler code,
 457                               ClassFileAssembler exceptionTable,
 458                               short[] checkedExceptionIndices)
 459     {
 460         int codeLen = code.getLength();
 461         int excLen  = 0;
 462         if (exceptionTable != null) {
 463             excLen = exceptionTable.getLength();
 464             if ((excLen % 8) != 0) {
 465                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal exception table");
 466             }
 467         }
 468         int attrLen = 12 + codeLen + excLen;
 469         excLen = excLen / 8; // No-op if no exception table
 470 
 471         asm.emitShort(ACC_PUBLIC);
 472         asm.emitShort(nameIdx);
 473         asm.emitShort(add(nameIdx, S1));
 474         if (checkedExceptionIndices == null) {
 475             // Code attribute only
 476             asm.emitShort(S1);
 477         } else {
 478             // Code and Exceptions attributes
 479             asm.emitShort(S2);
 480         }
 481         // Code attribute
 482         asm.emitShort(codeIdx);
 483         asm.emitInt(attrLen);
 484         asm.emitShort(code.getMaxStack());
 485         asm.emitShort((short) Math.max(numArgs, code.getMaxLocals()));
 486         asm.emitInt(codeLen);
 487         asm.append(code);
 488         asm.emitShort((short) excLen);
 489         if (exceptionTable != null) {
 490             asm.append(exceptionTable);
 491         }
 492         asm.emitShort(S0); // No additional attributes for Code attribute
 493         if (checkedExceptionIndices != null) {
 494             // Exceptions attribute
 495             asm.emitShort(exceptionsIdx);
 496             asm.emitInt(2 + 2 * checkedExceptionIndices.length);
 497             asm.emitShort((short) checkedExceptionIndices.length);
 498             for (int i = 0; i < checkedExceptionIndices.length; i++) {
 499                 asm.emitShort(checkedExceptionIndices[i]);
 500             }
 501         }
 502     }
 503 
 504     protected short indexForPrimitiveType(Class<?> type) {
 505         if (type == Boolean.TYPE) {
 506             return booleanIdx;
 507         } else if (type == Byte.TYPE) {
 508             return byteIdx;
 509         } else if (type == Character.TYPE) {
 510             return characterIdx;
 511         } else if (type == Double.TYPE) {
 512             return doubleIdx;
 513         } else if (type == Float.TYPE) {
 514             return floatIdx;
 515         } else if (type == Integer.TYPE) {
 516             return integerIdx;
 517         } else if (type == Long.TYPE) {
 518             return longIdx;
 519         } else if (type == Short.TYPE) {
 520             return shortIdx;
 521         }
 522         throw new InternalError("Should have found primitive type");
 523     }
 524 
 525     protected short boxingMethodForPrimitiveType(Class<?> type) {
 526         if (type == Boolean.TYPE) {
 527             return booleanBoxIdx;
 528         } else if (type == Byte.TYPE) {
 529             return byteBoxIdx;
 530         } else if (type == Character.TYPE) {
 531             return characterBoxIdx;
 532         } else if (type == Double.TYPE) {
 533             return doubleBoxIdx;
 534         } else if (type == Float.TYPE) {
 535             return floatBoxIdx;
 536         } else if (type == Integer.TYPE) {
 537             return integerBoxIdx;
 538         } else if (type == Long.TYPE) {
 539             return longBoxIdx;
 540         } else if (type == Short.TYPE) {
 541             return shortBoxIdx;
 542         }
 543         throw new InternalError("Should have found primitive type");
 544     }
 545 
 546     /** Returns true for widening or identity conversions for primitive
 547         types only */
 548     protected static boolean canWidenTo(Class<?> type, Class<?> otherType) {
 549         if (!type.isPrimitive()) {
 550             return false;
 551         }
 552 
 553         // Widening conversions (from JVM spec):
 554         //  byte to short, int, long, float, or double
 555         //  short to int, long, float, or double
 556         //  char to int, long, float, or double
 557         //  int to long, float, or double
 558         //  long to float or double
 559         //  float to double
 560 
 561         if (type == Boolean.TYPE) {
 562             if (otherType == Boolean.TYPE) {
 563                 return true;
 564             }
 565         } else if (type == Byte.TYPE) {
 566             if (   otherType == Byte.TYPE
 567                    || otherType == Short.TYPE
 568                    || otherType == Integer.TYPE
 569                    || otherType == Long.TYPE
 570                    || otherType == Float.TYPE
 571                    || otherType == Double.TYPE) {
 572                 return true;
 573             }
 574         } else if (type == Short.TYPE) {
 575             if (   otherType == Short.TYPE
 576                    || otherType == Integer.TYPE
 577                    || otherType == Long.TYPE
 578                    || otherType == Float.TYPE
 579                    || otherType == Double.TYPE) {
 580                 return true;
 581             }
 582         } else if (type == Character.TYPE) {
 583             if (   otherType == Character.TYPE
 584                    || otherType == Integer.TYPE
 585                    || otherType == Long.TYPE
 586                    || otherType == Float.TYPE
 587                    || otherType == Double.TYPE) {
 588                 return true;
 589             }
 590         } else if (type == Integer.TYPE) {
 591             if (   otherType == Integer.TYPE
 592                    || otherType == Long.TYPE
 593                    || otherType == Float.TYPE
 594                    || otherType == Double.TYPE) {
 595                 return true;
 596             }
 597         } else if (type == Long.TYPE) {
 598             if (   otherType == Long.TYPE
 599                    || otherType == Float.TYPE
 600                    || otherType == Double.TYPE) {
 601                 return true;
 602             }
 603         } else if (type == Float.TYPE) {
 604             if (   otherType == Float.TYPE
 605                    || otherType == Double.TYPE) {
 606                 return true;
 607             }
 608         } else if (type == Double.TYPE) {
 609             if (otherType == Double.TYPE) {
 610                 return true;
 611             }
 612         }
 613 
 614         return false;
 615     }
 616 
 617     /** Emits the widening bytecode for the given primitive conversion
 618         (or none if the identity conversion). Requires that a primitive
 619         conversion exists; i.e., canWidenTo must have already been
 620         called and returned true. */
 621     protected static void emitWideningBytecodeForPrimitiveConversion
 622         (ClassFileAssembler cb,
 623          Class<?> fromType,
 624          Class<?> toType)
 625     {
 626         // Note that widening conversions for integral types (i.e., "b2s",
 627         // "s2i") are no-ops since values on the Java stack are
 628         // sign-extended.
 629 
 630         // Widening conversions (from JVM spec):
 631         //  byte to short, int, long, float, or double
 632         //  short to int, long, float, or double
 633         //  char to int, long, float, or double
 634         //  int to long, float, or double
 635         //  long to float or double
 636         //  float to double
 637 
 638         if (   fromType == Byte.TYPE
 639                || fromType == Short.TYPE
 640                || fromType == Character.TYPE
 641                || fromType == Integer.TYPE) {
 642             if (toType == Long.TYPE) {
 643                 cb.opc_i2l();
 644             } else if (toType == Float.TYPE) {
 645                 cb.opc_i2f();
 646             } else if (toType == Double.TYPE) {
 647                 cb.opc_i2d();
 648             }
 649         } else if (fromType == Long.TYPE) {
 650             if (toType == Float.TYPE) {
 651                 cb.opc_l2f();
 652             } else if (toType == Double.TYPE) {
 653                 cb.opc_l2d();
 654             }
 655         } else if (fromType == Float.TYPE) {
 656             if (toType == Double.TYPE) {
 657                 cb.opc_f2d();
 658             }
 659         }
 660 
 661         // Otherwise, was identity or no-op conversion. Fall through.
 662     }
 663 
 664     protected short unboxingMethodForPrimitiveType(Class<?> primType) {
 665         if (primType == Boolean.TYPE) {
 666             return booleanUnboxIdx;
 667         } else if (primType == Byte.TYPE) {
 668             return byteUnboxIdx;
 669         } else if (primType == Character.TYPE) {
 670             return characterUnboxIdx;
 671         } else if (primType == Short.TYPE) {
 672             return shortUnboxIdx;
 673         } else if (primType == Integer.TYPE) {
 674             return integerUnboxIdx;
 675         } else if (primType == Long.TYPE) {
 676             return longUnboxIdx;
 677         } else if (primType == Float.TYPE) {
 678             return floatUnboxIdx;
 679         } else if (primType == Double.TYPE) {
 680             return doubleUnboxIdx;
 681         }
 682         throw new InternalError("Illegal primitive type " + primType.getName());
 683     }
 684 
 685     protected static final Class<?>[] primitiveTypes = new Class<?>[] {
 686         Boolean.TYPE,
 687         Byte.TYPE,
 688         Character.TYPE,
 689         Short.TYPE,
 690         Integer.TYPE,
 691         Long.TYPE,
 692         Float.TYPE,
 693         Double.TYPE
 694     };
 695 
 696     /** We don't consider "Void" to be a primitive type */
 697     protected static boolean isPrimitive(Class<?> c) {
 698         return (c.isPrimitive() && c != Void.TYPE);
 699     }
 700 
 701     protected int typeSizeInStackSlots(Class<?> c) {
 702         if (c == Void.TYPE) {
 703             return 0;
 704         }
 705         if (c == Long.TYPE || c == Double.TYPE) {
 706             return 2;
 707         }
 708         return 1;
 709     }
 710 
 711     private ClassFileAssembler illegalArgumentCodeBuffer;
 712     protected ClassFileAssembler illegalArgumentCodeBuffer() {
 713         if (illegalArgumentCodeBuffer == null) {
 714             illegalArgumentCodeBuffer = new ClassFileAssembler();
 715             illegalArgumentCodeBuffer.opc_new(illegalArgumentClass);
 716             illegalArgumentCodeBuffer.opc_dup();
 717             illegalArgumentCodeBuffer.opc_invokespecial(illegalArgumentCtorIdx, 0, 0);
 718             illegalArgumentCodeBuffer.opc_athrow();
 719         }
 720 
 721         return illegalArgumentCodeBuffer;
 722     }
 723 }