1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # <pre> 25 # @(#)australasia 8.30 26 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 27 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 28 29 # This file also includes Pacific islands. 30 31 # Notes are at the end of this file 32 33 ############################################################################### 34 35 # Australia 36 37 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 38 39 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 40 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 41 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 42 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 43 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 44 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 45 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 46 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 47 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 48 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 49 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 50 51 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 52 # Northern Territory 53 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 54 9:00 - CST 1899 May 55 9:30 Aus CST 56 # Western Australia 57 # 58 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 59 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 60 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 61 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 62 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 63 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 64 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 65 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 66 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 67 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 68 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 69 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 70 8:00 AW WST 71 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 72 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 73 8:45 AW CWST 74 75 # Queensland 76 # 77 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 78 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 79 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 80 # Queensland ceased to. 81 # 82 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 83 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 84 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 85 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 86 # so use Lindeman. 87 # 88 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 89 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 90 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 91 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 92 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 93 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 94 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 96 10:00 Aus EST 1971 97 10:00 AQ EST 98 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 99 10:00 Aus EST 1971 100 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 101 10:00 Holiday EST 102 103 # South Australia 104 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 105 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 106 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 107 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 108 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 109 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 110 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 111 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 112 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 113 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 114 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 115 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 116 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 117 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 118 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 119 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 120 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 121 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 122 9:00 - CST 1899 May 123 9:30 Aus CST 1971 124 9:30 AS CST 125 126 # Tasmania 127 # 128 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 129 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 130 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 131 # 132 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 133 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 134 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 135 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 136 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 137 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 138 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 139 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 140 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 141 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 142 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 143 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 144 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 145 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 146 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 147 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 148 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 149 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 150 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 151 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 152 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 153 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 154 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 155 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 156 10:00 Aus EST 1967 157 10:00 AT EST 158 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 159 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 160 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 161 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 162 10:00 AT EST 163 164 # Victoria 165 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 166 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 167 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 168 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 169 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 170 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 171 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 172 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 173 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 174 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 176 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 177 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 178 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 179 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 180 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 181 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 182 10:00 Aus EST 1971 183 10:00 AV EST 184 185 # New South Wales 186 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 187 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 188 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 189 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 190 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 191 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 192 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 193 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 194 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 195 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 196 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 197 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 198 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 199 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 200 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 201 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 202 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 203 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 204 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 205 10:00 Aus EST 1971 206 10:00 AN EST 207 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 208 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 209 9:00 - CST 1899 May 210 9:30 Aus CST 1971 211 9:30 AN CST 2000 212 9:30 AS CST 213 214 # Lord Howe Island 215 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 216 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 217 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 218 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 219 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 220 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 221 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 222 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 223 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 224 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 225 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 226 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 227 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 228 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 229 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 230 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 231 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 232 10:30 LH LHST 233 234 # Australian miscellany 235 # 236 # Ashmore Is, Cartier 237 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 238 # no times are set 239 # 240 # Coral Sea Is 241 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 242 # no times are set 243 # 244 # Macquarie 245 # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 246 # sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 247 # like Australia/Hobart 248 249 # Christmas 250 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 251 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 252 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 253 254 # Cook Is 255 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 256 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 257 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 258 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 259 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 260 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 261 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 262 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 263 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 264 265 # Cocos 266 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 267 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 268 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 269 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 270 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 271 272 # Fiji 273 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 274 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 275 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 276 # 277 # "Daylight savings to commence this month" 278 # <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 279 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 280 # </a> 281 # or 282 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 283 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 284 # </a> 285 286 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 287 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 288 # amendments: 289 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 290 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 291 # </a> 292 293 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 294 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 295 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 296 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 297 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 298 # 299 # Official source: 300 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 301 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 302 # </a> 303 # 304 # A bit more background info here: 305 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 306 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 307 # </a> 308 309 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 310 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 311 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 312 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 313 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 314 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 315 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 316 # </a> 317 # or 318 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 319 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 320 # </a> 321 322 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 323 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 324 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 325 # 326 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 327 # www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 328 # </a> 329 # which says 330 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 331 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 332 # 2am on February 26 next year. 333 334 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 335 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 336 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 337 # 338 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 339 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 340 # </a> 341 # states: 342 # 343 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 344 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 345 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 346 # on the 23rd of October, 2011. 347 348 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 349 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 350 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 351 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 352 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 353 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Oct 24 2:00 1:00 S 354 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 355 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Oct 23 2:00 1:00 S 356 Rule Fiji 2012 only - Jan 22 3:00 0 - 357 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 358 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 359 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 360 361 # French Polynesia 362 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 363 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 364 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 365 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 366 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 367 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 368 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 369 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 370 # it is uninhabited. 371 372 # Guam 373 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 374 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 375 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 376 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 377 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 378 379 # Kiribati 380 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 381 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 382 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 383 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 384 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 385 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 386 13:00 - PHOT 387 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 388 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 389 -10:00 - LINT 1995 390 14:00 - LINT 391 392 # N Mariana Is 393 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 394 Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 395 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 396 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 397 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 398 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 399 400 # Marshall Is 401 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 402 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 403 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 404 12:00 - MHT 405 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 406 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 407 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 408 12:00 - MHT 409 410 # Micronesia 411 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 412 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 413 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 414 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 415 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 416 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 417 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 418 12:00 - KOST 1999 419 11:00 - KOST 420 421 # Nauru 422 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 423 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 424 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 425 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 426 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 427 12:00 - NRT 428 429 # New Caledonia 430 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 431 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 432 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 433 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 434 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 435 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 436 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 437 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 438 11:00 NC NC%sT 439 440 441 ############################################################################### 442 443 # New Zealand 444 445 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 446 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 447 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 448 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 449 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 450 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 451 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 452 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 453 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 454 # convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 455 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 456 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 457 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 458 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 459 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 460 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 461 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 462 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 463 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 464 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 465 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 466 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 467 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 468 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 469 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 470 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 471 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 472 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 473 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 474 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 475 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 476 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 477 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 478 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 479 480 481 # Auckland Is 482 # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 483 # and scientific personnel have wintered 484 485 # Campbell I 486 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 487 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; 488 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 489 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland 490 491 ############################################################################### 492 493 494 # Niue 495 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 496 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 497 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 498 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 499 -11:00 - NUT 500 501 # Norfolk 502 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 503 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 504 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 505 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 506 507 # Palau (Belau) 508 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 509 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 510 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 511 512 # Papua New Guinea 513 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 514 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 515 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 516 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 517 518 # Pitcairn 519 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 520 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 521 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 522 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 523 524 # American Samoa 525 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 526 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 527 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 528 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 529 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 530 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 531 532 # Samoa 533 534 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 535 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 536 # the following info: 537 # 538 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 539 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 540 # Sunday of April 2011." 541 # 542 # Background info: 543 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 544 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 545 # </a> 546 # 547 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 548 # contain any dates: 549 # <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 550 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 551 # </a> 552 553 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 554 # Please see 555 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 556 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws 557 # </a>, 558 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 559 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 560 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 561 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 562 563 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 564 # I believe this will be posted shortly on the website 565 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 566 # www.mcil.gov.ws 567 # </a> 568 # 569 # PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 570 # 571 # Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, 572 # businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight 573 # saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). 574 # 575 # The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes 576 # the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, 577 # then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be 578 # adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 579 # 580 # Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, 581 # INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 582 583 # From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): 584 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 585 # 586 # <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> 587 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 588 # </a> 589 590 # From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): 591 # I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law 592 # Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she 593 # confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather 594 # than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But 595 # the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa 596 # changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: 597 # 598 # International Date Line Bill 2011 599 # 600 # AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make 601 # consequential amendments to the position of the International Date 602 # Line, and for related purposes. 603 # 604 # BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament 605 # assembled as follows: 606 # 607 # 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the 608 # International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act 609 # commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) 610 # Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. 611 # 612 # [snip] 613 # 614 # 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any 615 # other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the 616 # time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. 617 # 618 # 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa 619 # standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated 620 # Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's 621 # time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and 622 # instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to 623 # Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this 624 # Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that 625 # it defines Samoa standard time.... 626 627 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 628 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> 629 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 630 # </a> 631 # 632 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 633 # 634 # DST 635 # Year End Time Start Time 636 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 637 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 638 # 639 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 640 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 641 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 642 # 643 # Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03): 644 # Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 645 # seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on 646 # a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below. 647 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 648 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 649 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 650 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 651 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 652 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 653 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 654 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr 1 4:00 655 13:00 - WST 656 657 # Solomon Is 658 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 659 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 660 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 661 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 662 663 # Tokelau Is 664 # 665 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 666 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 667 # December 31 this year, thereby changing its time zone from UTC-10 to 668 # UTC+14. When I tried to verify this statement, I found a confirming 669 # article in Time magazine online 670 # <a href="http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2103243,00.html"> 671 # (http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2103243,00.html). 672 # </a> 673 # 674 # From Jonathan Leffler (2011-12-29) 675 # Information from the BBC to the same effect: 676 # <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16351377"> 677 # http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16351377 678 # </a> 679 # 680 # Patch supplied by Tim Parenti (2011-12-29) 681 682 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 683 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 684 -10:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 685 14:00 - TKT 686 687 # Tonga 688 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 689 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 690 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 691 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 692 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 693 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 694 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 695 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 696 13:00 - TOT 1999 697 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 698 699 # Tuvalu 700 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 701 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 702 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 703 704 705 # US minor outlying islands 706 707 # Howland, Baker 708 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 709 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 710 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 711 # uninhabited thereafter. 712 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 713 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 714 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 715 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 716 # until they were abandoned after the war. 717 718 # Jarvis 719 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 720 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 721 # uninhabited thereafter. 722 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 723 724 # Johnston 725 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 726 Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 727 728 # Kingman 729 # uninhabited 730 731 # Midway 732 # 733 # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 734 # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 735 # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 736 # reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 737 # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 738 # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 739 # designations that I've never seen before:.... 740 # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 741 # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 742 # 743 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 744 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 745 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 746 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 747 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 748 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 749 750 # Palmyra 751 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 752 753 # Wake 754 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 755 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 756 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 757 758 759 # Vanuatu 760 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 761 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 762 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 763 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 764 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 765 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 766 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 767 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 768 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 769 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 770 771 # Wallis and Futuna 772 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 773 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 774 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 775 776 ############################################################################### 777 778 # NOTES 779 780 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 781 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 782 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 783 784 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 785 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 786 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 787 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 788 # 789 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 790 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 791 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 792 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 793 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 794 # 795 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 796 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 797 # 798 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 799 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 800 # I found in the UCLA library. 801 # 802 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 803 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 804 # 805 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 806 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 807 # Corrections are welcome! 808 # std dst 809 # LMT Local Mean Time 810 # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 811 # 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 812 # 9:00 JST Japan 813 # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 814 # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 815 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro 816 # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 817 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 818 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 819 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 820 # -11:00 SST Samoa 821 # -10:00 HST Hawaii 822 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 823 # 824 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 825 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 826 827 ############################################################################### 828 829 # Australia 830 831 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 832 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 833 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 834 # </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 835 836 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 837 # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 838 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 839 # </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 840 841 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 842 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 843 # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 844 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 845 # abbreviation does _not_ change... 846 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 847 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 848 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 849 # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 850 # time'. 851 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 852 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 853 # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 854 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 855 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 856 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 857 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 858 859 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 860 # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 861 # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 862 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 863 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 864 865 # From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 866 # I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 867 # <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 868 # And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 869 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 870 871 # From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 872 # versus "AEST" etc.: 873 # 874 # I see the following points of dispute: 875 # 876 # * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 877 # 878 # Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 879 # Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 880 # operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 881 # (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 882 # Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 883 # In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 884 # abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 885 # think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 886 # 887 # On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 888 # abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 889 # particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 890 # time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 891 # 892 # * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 893 # 894 # Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 895 # many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 896 # which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 897 # Time, for example. 898 # 899 # Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 900 # refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 901 # tiebreaker. 902 # 903 # * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 904 # Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 905 # the word "Australian"? 906 # 907 # My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 908 # common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 909 # popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 910 # often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 911 # following count of page hits: 912 # 913 # 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 914 # 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 915 # 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 916 # 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 917 # 918 # Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 919 # particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 920 # say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 921 # Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 922 # 923 # For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 924 # ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 925 # many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 926 # are the hit counts anyway: 927 # 928 # 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 929 # 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 930 # 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 931 # 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 932 # 933 # 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 934 # 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 935 # 176 "ACST" and domain:au 936 # 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 937 # 938 # 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 939 # 68 "AWST" and domain:au 940 # 941 # This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 942 # practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 943 # the ambiguities involved. 944 # 945 # * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 946 # 947 # If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 948 # against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 949 # saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 950 # understood in Australia. 951 952 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 953 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 954 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 955 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 956 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 957 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 958 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 959 960 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 961 # 962 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 963 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 964 # relevant entries in this database. 965 # 966 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 967 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 968 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 969 # </a> 970 # ACT 971 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 972 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 973 # </a> 974 # SA 975 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 976 # Standard Time Act, 1898 977 # </a> 978 979 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 980 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 981 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 982 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 983 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 984 # 985 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 986 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 987 # to extend DST together in 2006. 988 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 989 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 990 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 991 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 992 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 993 # allude to it. 994 # But not Queensland 995 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 996 997 # Northern Territory 998 999 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1000 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1001 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1002 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1003 # ... 1004 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1005 1006 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1007 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1008 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1009 1010 # Western Australia 1011 1012 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1013 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1014 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1015 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1016 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1017 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1018 # # before reaching parliament. 1019 # ... 1020 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1021 # ... 1022 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1023 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1024 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1025 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1026 1027 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1028 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1029 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1030 1031 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1032 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1033 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1034 # work at 9.00am.) 1035 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1036 # everybody again. 1037 1038 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1039 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1040 # it matches what was used in the past. 1041 1042 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 1043 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1044 # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1045 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1046 1047 # Queensland 1048 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1049 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1050 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1051 # ... 1052 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1053 # ... 1054 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1055 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1056 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1057 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1058 1059 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1060 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1061 # October 1989). 1062 1063 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1064 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1065 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1066 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1067 1068 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1069 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1070 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1071 # me.) 1072 1073 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1074 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1075 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1076 # ... 1077 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1078 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1079 # ... 1080 1081 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1082 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1083 1084 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1085 # from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1086 # WA are trialing DST for three years. 1087 # <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 1088 1089 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1090 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1091 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1092 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1093 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1094 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1095 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1096 # Australia and Western Australia.... 1097 # 1098 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1099 # This is confirmed by the section entitled 1100 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1101 # <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 1102 # 1103 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1104 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1105 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1106 # coast of the continent. 1107 # 1108 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1109 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1110 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1111 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1112 # the largest population centre in this zone.... 1113 # 1114 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1115 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1116 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1117 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1118 # 1119 # (2006-12-09): 1120 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1121 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1122 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1123 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1124 1125 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1126 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1127 # introduction of standard time in 1895. 1128 1129 1130 # southeast Australia 1131 # 1132 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1133 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1134 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1135 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1136 1137 1138 # South Australia 1139 1140 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1141 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1142 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1143 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1144 1145 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1146 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1147 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1148 # ... 1149 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1150 # ... 1151 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1152 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1153 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1154 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1155 1156 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1157 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1158 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1159 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1160 1161 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1162 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1163 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1164 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1165 # is on... 1166 1167 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1168 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1169 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1170 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1171 1172 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1173 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1174 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1175 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1176 1177 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1178 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1179 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1180 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1181 1182 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1183 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1184 1185 # Tasmania 1186 1187 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1188 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1189 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1190 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1191 1192 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1193 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1194 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1195 # (but nothing new about that). 1196 1197 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1198 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1199 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1200 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1201 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1202 # instead of the first Sunday in October. 1203 1204 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1205 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1206 1207 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1208 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1209 1210 # Victoria 1211 1212 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1213 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1214 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1215 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1216 1217 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1218 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1219 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1220 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1221 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1222 # in Melbourne, Australia. 1223 # 1224 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1225 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1226 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1227 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1228 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1229 # expected time. 1230 # 1231 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1232 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1233 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1234 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1235 # 1236 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1237 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1238 1239 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1240 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1241 1242 # New South Wales 1243 1244 # From Arthur David Olson: 1245 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1246 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1247 # who notes: 1248 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1249 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1250 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1251 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1252 # legislation. This is very important to understand. 1253 # I have researched New South Wales time only... 1254 1255 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1256 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1257 # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1258 # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1259 # Two months more daylight saving 1260 # </a> 1261 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1262 1263 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1264 # See the following official NSW source: 1265 # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1266 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1267 # </a> 1268 # 1269 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1270 # daylight saving next year. See: 1271 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1272 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1273 # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1274 # 1275 # Victoria will following NSW. See: 1276 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1277 # Vic to extend daylight saving 1278 # </a> (1999-07-28). 1279 # 1280 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1281 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1282 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1283 # </a> (1999-07-19). 1284 # 1285 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1286 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1287 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1288 # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1289 # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1290 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1291 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1292 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1293 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1294 # 1295 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1296 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1297 # Broken Hill to be behind the times 1298 # </a> (1999-07-21). 1299 1300 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1301 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1302 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1303 1304 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1305 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1306 # towns to use Queensland time. 1307 1308 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1309 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1310 1311 # Yancowinna 1312 1313 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1314 # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1315 1316 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1317 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1318 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1319 # ... 1320 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1321 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1322 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1323 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1324 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1325 # # presently available. 1326 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1327 # ... 1328 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1329 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1330 # [followed by other Rules] 1331 1332 # Lord Howe Island 1333 1334 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1335 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1336 # [ Dec 1990 ] 1337 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1338 # hour ahead of NSW time. 1339 1340 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1341 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1342 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1343 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1344 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1345 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1346 # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1347 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1348 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1349 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1350 1351 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1352 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1353 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1354 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1355 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1356 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1357 1358 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1359 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1360 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1361 1362 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1363 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1364 1365 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1366 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1367 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1368 # summer (southern hemisphere). 1369 # 1370 # From 1371 # <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1372 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1373 # </a> 1374 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1375 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1376 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1377 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1378 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1379 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1380 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1381 # 1382 # We have a wrap-up here: 1383 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1384 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1385 # </a> 1386 ############################################################################### 1387 1388 # New Zealand 1389 1390 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1391 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1392 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1393 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1394 # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1395 1396 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1397 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1398 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1399 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1400 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1401 # ... 1402 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1403 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1404 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1405 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1406 # ... 1407 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1408 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1409 1410 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1411 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1412 # rather than the October 1 value. 1413 1414 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1415 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1416 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1417 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1418 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1419 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1420 # 1421 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1422 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1423 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1424 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1425 # 1426 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1427 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1428 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1429 1430 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1431 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1432 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1433 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1434 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1435 1436 ############################################################################### 1437 1438 1439 # Fiji 1440 1441 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1442 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1443 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1444 1445 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1446 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1447 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1448 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1449 1450 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1451 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1452 1453 # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1454 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1455 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1456 # also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1457 # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1458 # millenium. 1459 1460 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1461 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1462 1463 # Johnston 1464 1465 # Johnston data is from usno1995. 1466 1467 1468 # Kiribati 1469 1470 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1471 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1472 # ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1473 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1474 1475 1476 # Kwajalein 1477 1478 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1479 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1480 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1481 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1482 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1483 1484 1485 # N Mariana Is, Guam 1486 1487 # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1488 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1489 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1490 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1491 # see Asia/Manila. 1492 1493 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1494 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1495 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1496 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1497 1498 1499 # Micronesia 1500 1501 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1502 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1503 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1504 # 1505 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1506 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1507 1508 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1509 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1510 # <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1511 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1512 # </a> (1999-01-26) 1513 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1514 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1515 1516 1517 # Midway 1518 1519 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1520 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1521 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1522 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1523 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1524 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1525 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1526 # air at 6am your time. 1527 # 1528 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1529 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1530 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1531 # in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1532 1533 1534 # Pitcairn 1535 1536 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1537 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1538 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1539 # 1540 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1541 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1542 # as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1543 # 1544 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1545 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1546 # somehow in light of this proclamation. 1547 1548 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1549 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1550 # ... at midnight. 1551 1552 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1553 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1554 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1555 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1556 1557 1558 # Samoa 1559 1560 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1561 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1562 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1563 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1564 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1565 1566 1567 # Tonga 1568 1569 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1570 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1571 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1572 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1573 1574 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1575 # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1576 # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1577 # </a>: 1578 1579 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1580 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1581 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1582 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1583 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1584 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1585 # 1586 # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1587 # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1588 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1589 # 1590 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1591 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1592 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1593 # minutes we have lost?" 1594 # 1595 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1596 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1597 # to say your prayers in the morning." 1598 1599 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1600 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1601 1602 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1603 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1604 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1605 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1606 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1607 # Government. 1608 1609 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1610 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1611 # 1612 # I was given this link by John Letts: 1613 # <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1614 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1615 # </a> 1616 # 1617 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1618 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1619 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1620 # (12 + 1 hour DST). 1621 1622 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1623 # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1624 # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1625 # </a>: 1626 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1627 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1628 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1629 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1630 # set back an hour on the closing date." 1631 # Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1632 1633 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1634 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1635 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1636 1637 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1638 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1639 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1640 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1641 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1642 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1643 # (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1644 1645 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1646 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1647 1648 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1649 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1650 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1651 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1652 # hour to 1:00am. 1653 1654 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1655 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1656 1657 1658 # Wake 1659 1660 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1661 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1662 # 1663 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1664 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1665 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1666 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1667 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1668 # impossible. 1669 # 1670 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1671 1672 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1673 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1674 1675 ############################################################################### 1676 1677 # The International Date Line 1678 1679 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1680 # 1681 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1682 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1683 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1684 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1685 # 1686 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1687 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1688 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1689 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1690 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1691 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1692 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1693 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1694 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1695 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1696 # correct date is ambiguous. 1697 1698 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1699 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1700 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1701 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1702 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1703 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1704 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1705 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1706 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1707 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1708 # entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1709 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1710 # independent merchant ships until World War II. 1711 1712 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1713 # (2005-03-20): 1714 # 1715 # The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1716 # <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1717 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1718 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.