1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # <pre> 25 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 26 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 27 28 # This file also includes Pacific islands. 29 30 # Notes are at the end of this file 31 32 ############################################################################### 33 34 # Australia 35 36 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 37 38 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 39 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 40 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 41 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 42 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 43 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 44 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 45 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 46 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 47 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 48 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 49 50 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 51 # Northern Territory 52 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 53 9:00 - CST 1899 May 54 9:30 Aus CST 55 # Western Australia 56 # 57 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 58 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 59 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 60 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 61 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 62 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 63 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 64 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 65 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 66 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 67 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 68 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 69 8:00 AW WST 70 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 71 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 72 8:45 AW CWST 73 74 # Queensland 75 # 76 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 77 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 78 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 79 # Queensland ceased to. 80 # 81 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 82 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 83 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 84 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 85 # so use Lindeman. 86 # 87 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 88 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 89 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 90 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 91 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 92 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 93 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 94 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 95 10:00 Aus EST 1971 96 10:00 AQ EST 97 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 98 10:00 Aus EST 1971 99 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 100 10:00 Holiday EST 101 102 # South Australia 103 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 104 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 105 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 106 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 107 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 108 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 109 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 110 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 111 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 112 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 113 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 114 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 115 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 116 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 117 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 118 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 119 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 120 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 121 9:00 - CST 1899 May 122 9:30 Aus CST 1971 123 9:30 AS CST 124 125 # Tasmania 126 # 127 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 128 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 129 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 130 # 131 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 132 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 133 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 134 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 135 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 136 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 137 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 138 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 139 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 140 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 141 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 142 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 143 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 144 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 145 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 146 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 147 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 148 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 149 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 150 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 151 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 152 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 153 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 154 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 155 10:00 Aus EST 1967 156 10:00 AT EST 157 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 158 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 159 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 160 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 161 10:00 AT EST 162 163 # Victoria 164 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 165 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 166 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 167 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 168 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 169 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 170 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 171 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 172 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 173 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 174 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 176 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 177 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 179 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 181 10:00 Aus EST 1971 182 10:00 AV EST 183 184 # New South Wales 185 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 186 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 187 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 188 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 189 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 190 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 191 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 192 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 193 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 194 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 195 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 196 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 197 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 198 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 199 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 200 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 201 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 202 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 203 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 204 10:00 Aus EST 1971 205 10:00 AN EST 206 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 207 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 208 9:00 - CST 1899 May 209 9:30 Aus CST 1971 210 9:30 AN CST 2000 211 9:30 AS CST 212 213 # Lord Howe Island 214 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 215 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 216 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 217 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 218 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 219 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 220 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 221 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 222 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 223 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 224 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 225 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 226 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 227 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 228 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 229 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 230 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 231 10:30 LH LHST 232 233 # Australian miscellany 234 # 235 # Ashmore Is, Cartier 236 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 237 # no times are set 238 # 239 # Coral Sea Is 240 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 241 # no times are set 242 # 243 # Macquarie 244 # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 245 # sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 246 # like Australia/Hobart 247 248 # Christmas 249 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 250 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 251 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 252 253 # Cook Is 254 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 255 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 256 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 257 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 258 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 259 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 260 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 261 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 262 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 263 264 # Cocos 265 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 266 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 267 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 268 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 269 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 270 271 # Fiji 272 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 273 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 274 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 275 # 276 # "Daylight savings to commence this month" 277 # <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 278 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 279 # </a> 280 # or 281 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 282 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 283 # </a> 284 285 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 286 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 287 # amendments: 288 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 289 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 290 # </a> 291 292 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 293 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 294 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 295 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 296 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 297 # 298 # Official source: 299 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 300 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 301 # </a> 302 # 303 # A bit more background info here: 304 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 305 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 306 # </a> 307 308 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 309 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 310 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 311 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 312 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 313 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 314 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 315 # </a> 316 # or 317 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 318 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 319 # </a> 320 321 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 322 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 323 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 324 # 325 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 326 # www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 327 # </a> 328 # which says 329 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 330 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 331 # 2am on February 26 next year. 332 333 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 334 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 335 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 336 # 337 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 338 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 339 # </a> 340 # states: 341 # 342 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 343 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 344 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 345 # on the 23rd of October, 2011. 346 347 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 348 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 349 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 350 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 351 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 352 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Oct 24 2:00 1:00 S 353 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 354 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Oct 23 2:00 1:00 S 355 Rule Fiji 2012 only - Jan 22 3:00 0 - 356 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 357 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 358 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 359 360 # French Polynesia 361 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 362 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 363 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 364 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 365 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 366 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 367 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 368 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 369 # it is uninhabited. 370 371 # Guam 372 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 373 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 374 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 375 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 376 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 377 378 # Kiribati 379 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 380 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 381 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 382 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 383 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 384 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 385 13:00 - PHOT 386 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 387 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 388 -10:00 - LINT 1995 389 14:00 - LINT 390 391 # N Mariana Is 392 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 393 Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 394 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 395 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 396 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 397 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 398 399 # Marshall Is 400 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 401 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 402 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 403 12:00 - MHT 404 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 405 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 406 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 407 12:00 - MHT 408 409 # Micronesia 410 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 411 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 412 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 413 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 414 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 415 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 416 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 417 12:00 - KOST 1999 418 11:00 - KOST 419 420 # Nauru 421 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 422 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 423 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 424 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 425 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 426 12:00 - NRT 427 428 # New Caledonia 429 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 430 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 431 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 432 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 433 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 434 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 435 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 436 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 437 11:00 NC NC%sT 438 439 440 ############################################################################### 441 442 # New Zealand 443 444 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 445 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 446 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 447 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 448 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 449 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 450 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 451 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 452 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 453 # convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 454 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 455 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 456 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 457 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 458 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 459 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 460 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 461 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 462 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 463 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 464 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 465 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 466 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 467 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 468 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 469 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 470 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 471 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 472 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 473 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 474 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 475 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 476 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 477 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 478 479 480 # Auckland Is 481 # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 482 # and scientific personnel have wintered 483 484 # Campbell I 485 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 486 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; 487 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 488 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland 489 490 ############################################################################### 491 492 493 # Niue 494 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 495 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 496 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 497 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 498 -11:00 - NUT 499 500 # Norfolk 501 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 502 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 503 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 504 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 505 506 # Palau (Belau) 507 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 508 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 509 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 510 511 # Papua New Guinea 512 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 513 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 514 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 515 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 516 517 # Pitcairn 518 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 519 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 520 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 521 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 522 523 # American Samoa 524 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 525 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 526 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 527 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 528 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 529 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 530 531 # Samoa 532 533 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 534 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 535 # the following info: 536 # 537 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 538 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 539 # Sunday of April 2011." 540 # 541 # Background info: 542 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 543 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 544 # </a> 545 # 546 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 547 # contain any dates: 548 # <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 549 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 550 # </a> 551 552 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 553 # Please see 554 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 555 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws 556 # </a>, 557 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 558 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 559 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 560 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 561 562 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 563 # I believe this will be posted shortly on the website 564 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 565 # www.mcil.gov.ws 566 # </a> 567 # 568 # PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 569 # 570 # Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, 571 # businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight 572 # saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). 573 # 574 # The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes 575 # the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, 576 # then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be 577 # adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 578 # 579 # Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, 580 # INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 581 582 # From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): 583 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 584 # 585 # <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> 586 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 587 # </a> 588 589 # From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): 590 # I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law 591 # Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she 592 # confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather 593 # than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But 594 # the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa 595 # changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: 596 # 597 # International Date Line Bill 2011 598 # 599 # AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make 600 # consequential amendments to the position of the International Date 601 # Line, and for related purposes. 602 # 603 # BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament 604 # assembled as follows: 605 # 606 # 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the 607 # International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act 608 # commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) 609 # Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. 610 # 611 # [snip] 612 # 613 # 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any 614 # other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the 615 # time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. 616 # 617 # 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa 618 # standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated 619 # Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's 620 # time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and 621 # instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to 622 # Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this 623 # Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that 624 # it defines Samoa standard time.... 625 626 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 627 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> 628 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 629 # </a> 630 # 631 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 632 # 633 # DST 634 # Year End Time Start Time 635 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 636 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 637 # 638 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 639 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 640 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 641 # 642 # Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03): 643 # Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 644 # seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on 645 # a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below. 646 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 647 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 648 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 649 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 650 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 651 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 652 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 653 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr 1 4:00 654 13:00 - WST 655 656 # Solomon Is 657 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 658 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 659 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 660 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 661 662 # Tokelau Is 663 # 664 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 665 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 666 # December 31 this year, thereby changing its time zone from UTC-10 to 667 # UTC+14. When I tried to verify this statement, I found a confirming 668 # article in Time magazine online 669 # <a href="http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2103243,00.html"> 670 # (http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2103243,00.html). 671 # </a> 672 # 673 # From Jonathan Leffler (2011-12-29) 674 # Information from the BBC to the same effect: 675 # <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16351377"> 676 # http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16351377 677 # </a> 678 # 679 # Patch supplied by Tim Parenti (2011-12-29) 680 681 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 682 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 683 -10:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 684 14:00 - TKT 685 686 # Tonga 687 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 688 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 689 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 690 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 691 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 692 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 693 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 694 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 695 13:00 - TOT 1999 696 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 697 698 # Tuvalu 699 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 700 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 701 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 702 703 704 # US minor outlying islands 705 706 # Howland, Baker 707 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 708 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 709 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 710 # uninhabited thereafter. 711 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 712 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 713 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 714 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 715 # until they were abandoned after the war. 716 717 # Jarvis 718 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 719 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 720 # uninhabited thereafter. 721 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 722 723 # Johnston 724 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 725 Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 726 727 # Kingman 728 # uninhabited 729 730 # Midway 731 # 732 # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 733 # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 734 # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 735 # reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 736 # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 737 # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 738 # designations that I've never seen before:.... 739 # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 740 # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 741 # 742 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 743 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 744 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 745 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 746 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 747 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 748 749 # Palmyra 750 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 751 752 # Wake 753 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 754 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 755 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 756 757 758 # Vanuatu 759 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 760 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 761 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 762 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 763 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 764 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 765 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 766 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 767 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 768 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 769 770 # Wallis and Futuna 771 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 772 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 773 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 774 775 ############################################################################### 776 777 # NOTES 778 779 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 780 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 781 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 782 783 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 784 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 785 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 786 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 787 # 788 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 789 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 790 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 791 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 792 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 793 # 794 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 795 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 796 # 797 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 798 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 799 # I found in the UCLA library. 800 # 801 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 802 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 803 # 804 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 805 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 806 # Corrections are welcome! 807 # std dst 808 # LMT Local Mean Time 809 # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 810 # 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 811 # 9:00 JST Japan 812 # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 813 # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 814 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro 815 # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 816 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 817 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 818 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 819 # -11:00 SST Samoa 820 # -10:00 HST Hawaii 821 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 822 # 823 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 824 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 825 826 ############################################################################### 827 828 # Australia 829 830 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 831 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 832 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 833 # </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 834 835 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 836 # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 837 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 838 # </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 839 840 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 841 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 842 # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 843 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 844 # abbreviation does _not_ change... 845 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 846 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 847 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 848 # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 849 # time'. 850 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 851 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 852 # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 853 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 854 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 855 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 856 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 857 858 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 859 # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 860 # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 861 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 862 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 863 864 # From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 865 # I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 866 # <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 867 # And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 868 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 869 870 # From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 871 # versus "AEST" etc.: 872 # 873 # I see the following points of dispute: 874 # 875 # * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 876 # 877 # Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 878 # Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 879 # operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 880 # (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 881 # Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 882 # In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 883 # abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 884 # think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 885 # 886 # On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 887 # abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 888 # particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 889 # time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 890 # 891 # * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 892 # 893 # Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 894 # many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 895 # which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 896 # Time, for example. 897 # 898 # Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 899 # refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 900 # tiebreaker. 901 # 902 # * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 903 # Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 904 # the word "Australian"? 905 # 906 # My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 907 # common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 908 # popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 909 # often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 910 # following count of page hits: 911 # 912 # 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 913 # 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 914 # 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 915 # 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 916 # 917 # Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 918 # particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 919 # say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 920 # Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 921 # 922 # For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 923 # ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 924 # many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 925 # are the hit counts anyway: 926 # 927 # 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 928 # 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 929 # 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 930 # 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 931 # 932 # 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 933 # 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 934 # 176 "ACST" and domain:au 935 # 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 936 # 937 # 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 938 # 68 "AWST" and domain:au 939 # 940 # This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 941 # practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 942 # the ambiguities involved. 943 # 944 # * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 945 # 946 # If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 947 # against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 948 # saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 949 # understood in Australia. 950 951 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 952 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 953 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 954 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 955 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 956 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 957 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 958 959 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 960 # 961 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 962 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 963 # relevant entries in this database. 964 # 965 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 966 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 967 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 968 # </a> 969 # ACT 970 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 971 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 972 # </a> 973 # SA 974 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 975 # Standard Time Act, 1898 976 # </a> 977 978 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 979 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 980 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 981 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 982 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 983 # 984 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 985 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 986 # to extend DST together in 2006. 987 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 988 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 989 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 990 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 991 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 992 # allude to it. 993 # But not Queensland 994 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 995 996 # Northern Territory 997 998 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 999 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1000 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1001 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1002 # ... 1003 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1004 1005 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1006 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1007 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1008 1009 # Western Australia 1010 1011 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1012 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1013 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1014 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1015 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1016 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1017 # # before reaching parliament. 1018 # ... 1019 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1020 # ... 1021 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1022 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1023 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1024 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1025 1026 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1027 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1028 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1029 1030 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1031 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1032 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1033 # work at 9.00am.) 1034 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1035 # everybody again. 1036 1037 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1038 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1039 # it matches what was used in the past. 1040 1041 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 1042 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1043 # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1044 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1045 1046 # Queensland 1047 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1048 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1049 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1050 # ... 1051 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1052 # ... 1053 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1054 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1055 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1056 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1057 1058 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1059 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1060 # October 1989). 1061 1062 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1063 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1064 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1065 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1066 1067 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1068 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1069 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1070 # me.) 1071 1072 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1073 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1074 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1075 # ... 1076 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1077 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1078 # ... 1079 1080 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1081 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1082 1083 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1084 # from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1085 # WA are trialing DST for three years. 1086 # <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 1087 1088 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1089 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1090 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1091 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1092 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1093 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1094 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1095 # Australia and Western Australia.... 1096 # 1097 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1098 # This is confirmed by the section entitled 1099 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1100 # <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 1101 # 1102 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1103 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1104 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1105 # coast of the continent. 1106 # 1107 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1108 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1109 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1110 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1111 # the largest population centre in this zone.... 1112 # 1113 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1114 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1115 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1116 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1117 # 1118 # (2006-12-09): 1119 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1120 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1121 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1122 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1123 1124 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1125 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1126 # introduction of standard time in 1895. 1127 1128 1129 # southeast Australia 1130 # 1131 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1132 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1133 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1134 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1135 1136 1137 # South Australia 1138 1139 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1140 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1141 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1142 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1143 1144 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1145 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1146 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1147 # ... 1148 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1149 # ... 1150 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1151 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1152 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1153 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1154 1155 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1156 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1157 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1158 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1159 1160 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1161 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1162 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1163 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1164 # is on... 1165 1166 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1167 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1168 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1169 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1170 1171 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1172 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1173 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1174 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1175 1176 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1177 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1178 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1179 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1180 1181 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1182 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1183 1184 # Tasmania 1185 1186 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1187 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1188 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1189 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1190 1191 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1192 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1193 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1194 # (but nothing new about that). 1195 1196 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1197 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1198 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1199 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1200 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1201 # instead of the first Sunday in October. 1202 1203 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1204 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1205 1206 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1207 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1208 1209 # Victoria 1210 1211 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1212 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1213 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1214 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1215 1216 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1217 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1218 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1219 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1220 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1221 # in Melbourne, Australia. 1222 # 1223 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1224 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1225 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1226 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1227 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1228 # expected time. 1229 # 1230 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1231 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1232 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1233 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1234 # 1235 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1236 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1237 1238 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1239 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1240 1241 # New South Wales 1242 1243 # From Arthur David Olson: 1244 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1245 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1246 # who notes: 1247 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1248 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1249 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1250 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1251 # legislation. This is very important to understand. 1252 # I have researched New South Wales time only... 1253 1254 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1255 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1256 # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1257 # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1258 # Two months more daylight saving 1259 # </a> 1260 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1261 1262 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1263 # See the following official NSW source: 1264 # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1265 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1266 # </a> 1267 # 1268 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1269 # daylight saving next year. See: 1270 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1271 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1272 # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1273 # 1274 # Victoria will following NSW. See: 1275 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1276 # Vic to extend daylight saving 1277 # </a> (1999-07-28). 1278 # 1279 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1280 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1281 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1282 # </a> (1999-07-19). 1283 # 1284 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1285 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1286 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1287 # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1288 # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1289 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1290 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1291 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1292 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1293 # 1294 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1295 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1296 # Broken Hill to be behind the times 1297 # </a> (1999-07-21). 1298 1299 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1300 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1301 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1302 1303 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1304 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1305 # towns to use Queensland time. 1306 1307 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1308 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1309 1310 # Yancowinna 1311 1312 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1313 # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1314 1315 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1316 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1317 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1318 # ... 1319 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1320 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1321 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1322 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1323 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1324 # # presently available. 1325 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1326 # ... 1327 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1328 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1329 # [followed by other Rules] 1330 1331 # Lord Howe Island 1332 1333 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1334 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1335 # [ Dec 1990 ] 1336 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1337 # hour ahead of NSW time. 1338 1339 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1340 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1341 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1342 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1343 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1344 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1345 # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1346 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1347 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1348 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1349 1350 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1351 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1352 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1353 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1354 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1355 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1356 1357 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1358 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1359 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1360 1361 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1362 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1363 1364 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1365 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1366 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1367 # summer (southern hemisphere). 1368 # 1369 # From 1370 # <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1371 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1372 # </a> 1373 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1374 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1375 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1376 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1377 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1378 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1379 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1380 # 1381 # We have a wrap-up here: 1382 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1383 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1384 # </a> 1385 ############################################################################### 1386 1387 # New Zealand 1388 1389 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1390 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1391 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1392 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1393 # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1394 1395 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1396 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1397 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1398 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1399 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1400 # ... 1401 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1402 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1403 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1404 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1405 # ... 1406 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1407 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1408 1409 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1410 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1411 # rather than the October 1 value. 1412 1413 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1414 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1415 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1416 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1417 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1418 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1419 # 1420 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1421 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1422 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1423 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1424 # 1425 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1426 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1427 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1428 1429 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1430 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1431 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1432 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1433 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1434 1435 ############################################################################### 1436 1437 1438 # Fiji 1439 1440 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1441 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1442 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1443 1444 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1445 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1446 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1447 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1448 1449 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1450 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1451 1452 # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1453 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1454 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1455 # also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1456 # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1457 # millenium. 1458 1459 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1460 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1461 1462 # Johnston 1463 1464 # Johnston data is from usno1995. 1465 1466 1467 # Kiribati 1468 1469 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1470 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1471 # ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1472 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1473 1474 1475 # Kwajalein 1476 1477 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1478 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1479 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1480 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1481 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1482 1483 1484 # N Mariana Is, Guam 1485 1486 # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1487 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1488 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1489 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1490 # see Asia/Manila. 1491 1492 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1493 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1494 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1495 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1496 1497 1498 # Micronesia 1499 1500 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1501 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1502 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1503 # 1504 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1505 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1506 1507 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1508 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1509 # <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1510 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1511 # </a> (1999-01-26) 1512 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1513 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1514 1515 1516 # Midway 1517 1518 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1519 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1520 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1521 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1522 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1523 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1524 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1525 # air at 6am your time. 1526 # 1527 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1528 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1529 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1530 # in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1531 1532 1533 # Pitcairn 1534 1535 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1536 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1537 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1538 # 1539 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1540 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1541 # as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1542 # 1543 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1544 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1545 # somehow in light of this proclamation. 1546 1547 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1548 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1549 # ... at midnight. 1550 1551 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1552 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1553 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1554 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1555 1556 1557 # Samoa 1558 1559 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1560 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1561 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1562 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1563 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1564 1565 1566 # Tonga 1567 1568 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1569 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1570 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1571 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1572 1573 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1574 # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1575 # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1576 # </a>: 1577 1578 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1579 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1580 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1581 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1582 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1583 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1584 # 1585 # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1586 # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1587 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1588 # 1589 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1590 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1591 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1592 # minutes we have lost?" 1593 # 1594 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1595 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1596 # to say your prayers in the morning." 1597 1598 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1599 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1600 1601 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1602 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1603 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1604 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1605 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1606 # Government. 1607 1608 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1609 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1610 # 1611 # I was given this link by John Letts: 1612 # <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1613 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1614 # </a> 1615 # 1616 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1617 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1618 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1619 # (12 + 1 hour DST). 1620 1621 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1622 # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1623 # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1624 # </a>: 1625 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1626 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1627 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1628 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1629 # set back an hour on the closing date." 1630 # Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1631 1632 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1633 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1634 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1635 1636 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1637 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1638 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1639 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1640 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1641 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1642 # (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1643 1644 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1645 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1646 1647 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1648 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1649 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1650 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1651 # hour to 1:00am. 1652 1653 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1654 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1655 1656 1657 # Wake 1658 1659 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1660 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1661 # 1662 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1663 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1664 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1665 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1666 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1667 # impossible. 1668 # 1669 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1670 1671 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1672 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1673 1674 ############################################################################### 1675 1676 # The International Date Line 1677 1678 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1679 # 1680 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1681 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1682 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1683 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1684 # 1685 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1686 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1687 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1688 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1689 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1690 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1691 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1692 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1693 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1694 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1695 # correct date is ambiguous. 1696 1697 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1698 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1699 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1700 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1701 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1702 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1703 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1704 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1705 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1706 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1707 # entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1708 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1709 # independent merchant ships until World War II. 1710 1711 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1712 # (2005-03-20): 1713 # 1714 # The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1715 # <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1716 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1717 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.