MidiMessage is the base class for MIDI messages. They include
* not only the standard MIDI messages that a synthesizer can respond to, but also
* "meta-events" that can be used by sequencer programs. There are meta-events
* for such information as lyrics, copyrights, tempo indications, time and key
* signatures, markers, etc. For more information, see the Standard MIDI Files 1.0
* specification, which is part of the Complete MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification
* published by the MIDI Manufacturer's Association
* (http://www.midi.org).
*
* The base MidiMessage class provides access to three types of
* information about a MIDI message:
*
MidiMessage includes methods to get, but not set, these values.
* Setting them is a subclass responsibility.
*
*
* The MIDI standard expresses MIDI data in bytes. However, because
* JavaTM uses signed bytes, the Java Sound API uses integers
* instead of bytes when expressing MIDI data. For example, the
* {@link #getStatus()} method of
* MidiMessage returns MIDI status bytes as integers. If you are
* processing MIDI data that originated outside Java Sound and now
* is encoded as signed bytes, the bytes can
* can be converted to integers using this conversion:
*
* If you simply need to pass a known MIDI byte value as a method parameter,
* it can be expressed directly as an integer, using (for example) decimal or
* hexidecimal notation. For instance, to pass the "active sensing" status byte
* as the first argument to ShortMessage's
* {@link ShortMessage#setMessage(int) setMessage(int)}
* method, you can express it as 254 or 0xFE.
*
* @see Track
* @see Sequence
* @see Receiver
*
* @author David Rivas
* @author Kara Kytle
*/
public abstract class MidiMessage implements Cloneable {
// Instance variables
/**
* The MIDI message data. The first byte is the status
* byte for the message; subsequent bytes up to the length
* of the message are data bytes for this message.
* @see #getLength
*/
protected byte[] data;
/**
* The number of bytes in the MIDI message, including the
* status byte and any data bytes.
* @see #getLength
*/
protected int length = 0;
/**
* Constructs a new MidiMessage. This protected
* constructor is called by concrete subclasses, which should
* ensure that the data array specifies a complete, valid MIDI
* message.
*
* @param data an array of bytes containing the complete message.
* The message data may be changed using the setMessage
* method.
*
* @see #setMessage
*/
protected MidiMessage(byte[] data) {
this.data = data;
if (data != null) {
this.length = data.length;
}
}
/**
* Sets the data for the MIDI message. This protected
* method is called by concrete subclasses, which should
* ensure that the data array specifies a complete, valid MIDI
* message.
*
* @param data the data bytes in the MIDI message
* @param length the number of bytes in the data byte array
* @throws InvalidMidiDataException if the parameter values do not specify a valid MIDI meta message
*/
protected void setMessage(byte[] data, int length) throws InvalidMidiDataException {
if (length < 0 || (length > 0 && length > data.length)) {
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("length out of bounds: "+length);
}
this.length = length;
if (this.data == null || this.data.length < this.length) {
this.data = new byte[this.length];
}
System.arraycopy(data, 0, this.data, 0, length);
}
/**
* Obtains the MIDI message data. The first byte of the returned byte
* array is the status byte of the message. Any subsequent bytes up to
* the length of the message are data bytes. The byte array may have a
* length which is greater than that of the actual message; the total
* length of the message in bytes is reported by the {@link #getLength}
* method.
*
* @return the byte array containing the complete MidiMessage data
*/
public byte[] getMessage() {
byte[] returnedArray = new byte[length];
System.arraycopy(data, 0, returnedArray, 0, length);
return returnedArray;
}
/**
* Obtains the status byte for the MIDI message. The status "byte" is
* represented as an integer; see the
* discussion in the
* MidiMessage class description.
*
* @return the integer representation of this event's status byte
*/
public int getStatus() {
if (length > 0) {
return (data[0] & 0xFF);
}
return 0;
}
/**
* Obtains the total length of the MIDI message in bytes. A
* MIDI message consists of one status byte and zero or more
* data bytes. The return value ranges from 1 for system real-time messages,
* to 2 or 3 for channel messages, to any value for meta and system
* exclusive messages.
*
* @return the length of the message in bytes
*/
public int getLength() {
return length;
}
/**
* Creates a new object of the same class and with the same contents
* as this object.
* @return a clone of this instance.
*/
public abstract Object clone();
}