1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 
  27 package java.util.logging;
  28 
  29 import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
  30 import java.security.AccessController;
  31 import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
  32 import java.util.ArrayList;
  33 import java.util.Iterator;
  34 import java.util.Locale;
  35 import java.util.MissingResourceException;
  36 import java.util.Objects;
  37 import java.util.ResourceBundle;
  38 import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
  39 import java.util.function.Supplier;
  40 import sun.reflect.CallerSensitive;
  41 import sun.reflect.Reflection;
  42 
  43 /**
  44  * A Logger object is used to log messages for a specific
  45  * system or application component.  Loggers are normally named,
  46  * using a hierarchical dot-separated namespace.  Logger names
  47  * can be arbitrary strings, but they should normally be based on
  48  * the package name or class name of the logged component, such
  49  * as java.net or javax.swing.  In addition it is possible to create
  50  * "anonymous" Loggers that are not stored in the Logger namespace.
  51  * <p>
  52  * Logger objects may be obtained by calls on one of the getLogger
  53  * factory methods.  These will either create a new Logger or
  54  * return a suitable existing Logger. It is important to note that
  55  * the Logger returned by one of the {@code getLogger} factory methods
  56  * may be garbage collected at any time if a strong reference to the
  57  * Logger is not kept.
  58  * <p>
  59  * Logging messages will be forwarded to registered Handler
  60  * objects, which can forward the messages to a variety of
  61  * destinations, including consoles, files, OS logs, etc.
  62  * <p>
  63  * Each Logger keeps track of a "parent" Logger, which is its
  64  * nearest existing ancestor in the Logger namespace.
  65  * <p>
  66  * Each Logger has a "Level" associated with it.  This reflects
  67  * a minimum Level that this logger cares about.  If a Logger's
  68  * level is set to {@code null}, then its effective level is inherited
  69  * from its parent, which may in turn obtain it recursively from its
  70  * parent, and so on up the tree.
  71  * <p>
  72  * The log level can be configured based on the properties from the
  73  * logging configuration file, as described in the description
  74  * of the LogManager class.  However it may also be dynamically changed
  75  * by calls on the Logger.setLevel method.  If a logger's level is
  76  * changed the change may also affect child loggers, since any child
  77  * logger that has {@code null} as its level will inherit its
  78  * effective level from its parent.
  79  * <p>
  80  * On each logging call the Logger initially performs a cheap
  81  * check of the request level (e.g., SEVERE or FINE) against the
  82  * effective log level of the logger.  If the request level is
  83  * lower than the log level, the logging call returns immediately.
  84  * <p>
  85  * After passing this initial (cheap) test, the Logger will allocate
  86  * a LogRecord to describe the logging message.  It will then call a
  87  * Filter (if present) to do a more detailed check on whether the
  88  * record should be published.  If that passes it will then publish
  89  * the LogRecord to its output Handlers.  By default, loggers also
  90  * publish to their parent's Handlers, recursively up the tree.
  91  * <p>
  92  * Each Logger may have a {@code ResourceBundle} associated with it.
  93  * The {@code ResourceBundle} may be specified by name, using the
  94  * {@link #getLogger(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)} factory
  95  * method, or by value - using the {@link
  96  * #setResourceBundle(java.util.ResourceBundle) setResourceBundle} method.
  97  * This bundle will be used for localizing logging messages.
  98  * If a Logger does not have its own {@code ResourceBundle} or resource bundle
  99  * name, then it will inherit the {@code ResourceBundle} or resource bundle name
 100  * from its parent, recursively up the tree.
 101  * <p>
 102  * Most of the logger output methods take a "msg" argument.  This
 103  * msg argument may be either a raw value or a localization key.
 104  * During formatting, if the logger has (or inherits) a localization
 105  * {@code ResourceBundle} and if the {@code ResourceBundle} has a mapping for
 106  * the msg string, then the msg string is replaced by the localized value.
 107  * Otherwise the original msg string is used.  Typically, formatters use
 108  * java.text.MessageFormat style formatting to format parameters, so
 109  * for example a format string "{0} {1}" would format two parameters
 110  * as strings.
 111  * <p>
 112  * A set of methods alternatively take a "msgSupplier" instead of a "msg"
 113  * argument.  These methods take a {@link Supplier}{@code <String>} function
 114  * which is invoked to construct the desired log message only when the message
 115  * actually is to be logged based on the effective log level thus eliminating
 116  * unnecessary message construction. For example, if the developer wants to
 117  * log system health status for diagnosis, with the String-accepting version,
 118  * the code would look like:
 119  * <pre>{@code
 120  *
 121  *  class DiagnosisMessages {
 122  *    static String systemHealthStatus() {
 123  *      // collect system health information
 124  *      ...
 125  *    }
 126  *  }
 127  *  ...
 128  *  logger.log(Level.FINER, DiagnosisMessages.systemHealthStatus());
 129  * }</pre>
 130  * With the above code, the health status is collected unnecessarily even when
 131  * the log level FINER is disabled. With the Supplier-accepting version as
 132  * below, the status will only be collected when the log level FINER is
 133  * enabled.
 134  * <pre>{@code
 135  *
 136  *  logger.log(Level.FINER, DiagnosisMessages::systemHealthStatus);
 137  * }</pre>
 138  * <p>
 139  * When looking for a {@code ResourceBundle}, the logger will first look at
 140  * whether a bundle was specified using {@link
 141  * #setResourceBundle(java.util.ResourceBundle) setResourceBundle}, and then
 142  * only whether a resource bundle name was specified through the {@link
 143  * #getLogger(java.lang.String, java.lang.String) getLogger} factory method.
 144  * If no {@code ResourceBundle} or no resource bundle name is found,
 145  * then it will use the nearest {@code ResourceBundle} or resource bundle
 146  * name inherited from its parent tree.<br>
 147  * When a {@code ResourceBundle} was inherited or specified through the
 148  * {@link
 149  * #setResourceBundle(java.util.ResourceBundle) setResourceBundle} method, then
 150  * that {@code ResourceBundle} will be used. Otherwise if the logger only
 151  * has or inherited a resource bundle name, then that resource bundle name
 152  * will be mapped to a {@code ResourceBundle} object, using the default Locale
 153  * at the time of logging.
 154  * <br id="ResourceBundleMapping">When mapping resource bundle names to
 155  * {@code ResourceBundle} objects, the logger will first try to use the
 156  * Thread's {@linkplain java.lang.Thread#getContextClassLoader() context class
 157  * loader} to map the given resource bundle name to a {@code ResourceBundle}.
 158  * If the thread context class loader is {@code null}, it will try the
 159  * {@linkplain java.lang.ClassLoader#getSystemClassLoader() system class loader}
 160  * instead.  If the {@code ResourceBundle} is still not found, it will use the
 161  * class loader of the first caller of the {@link
 162  * #getLogger(java.lang.String, java.lang.String) getLogger} factory method.
 163  * <p>
 164  * Formatting (including localization) is the responsibility of
 165  * the output Handler, which will typically call a Formatter.
 166  * <p>
 167  * Note that formatting need not occur synchronously.  It may be delayed
 168  * until a LogRecord is actually written to an external sink.
 169  * <p>
 170  * The logging methods are grouped in five main categories:
 171  * <ul>
 172  * <li><p>
 173  *     There are a set of "log" methods that take a log level, a message
 174  *     string, and optionally some parameters to the message string.
 175  * <li><p>
 176  *     There are a set of "logp" methods (for "log precise") that are
 177  *     like the "log" methods, but also take an explicit source class name
 178  *     and method name.
 179  * <li><p>
 180  *     There are a set of "logrb" method (for "log with resource bundle")
 181  *     that are like the "logp" method, but also take an explicit resource
 182  *     bundle object for use in localizing the log message.
 183  * <li><p>
 184  *     There are convenience methods for tracing method entries (the
 185  *     "entering" methods), method returns (the "exiting" methods) and
 186  *     throwing exceptions (the "throwing" methods).
 187  * <li><p>
 188  *     Finally, there are a set of convenience methods for use in the
 189  *     very simplest cases, when a developer simply wants to log a
 190  *     simple string at a given log level.  These methods are named
 191  *     after the standard Level names ("severe", "warning", "info", etc.)
 192  *     and take a single argument, a message string.
 193  * </ul>
 194  * <p>
 195  * For the methods that do not take an explicit source name and
 196  * method name, the Logging framework will make a "best effort"
 197  * to determine which class and method called into the logging method.
 198  * However, it is important to realize that this automatically inferred
 199  * information may only be approximate (or may even be quite wrong!).
 200  * Virtual machines are allowed to do extensive optimizations when
 201  * JITing and may entirely remove stack frames, making it impossible
 202  * to reliably locate the calling class and method.
 203  * <P>
 204  * All methods on Logger are multi-thread safe.
 205  * <p>
 206  * <b>Subclassing Information:</b> Note that a LogManager class may
 207  * provide its own implementation of named Loggers for any point in
 208  * the namespace.  Therefore, any subclasses of Logger (unless they
 209  * are implemented in conjunction with a new LogManager class) should
 210  * take care to obtain a Logger instance from the LogManager class and
 211  * should delegate operations such as "isLoggable" and "log(LogRecord)"
 212  * to that instance.  Note that in order to intercept all logging
 213  * output, subclasses need only override the log(LogRecord) method.
 214  * All the other logging methods are implemented as calls on this
 215  * log(LogRecord) method.
 216  *
 217  * @since 1.4
 218  */
 219 public class Logger {
 220     private static final Handler emptyHandlers[] = new Handler[0];
 221     private static final int offValue = Level.OFF.intValue();
 222 
 223     static final String SYSTEM_LOGGER_RB_NAME = "sun.util.logging.resources.logging";
 224 
 225     // This class is immutable and it is important that it remains so.
 226     private static final class LoggerBundle {
 227         final String resourceBundleName; // Base name of the bundle.
 228         final ResourceBundle userBundle; // Bundle set through setResourceBundle.
 229         private LoggerBundle(String resourceBundleName, ResourceBundle bundle) {
 230             this.resourceBundleName = resourceBundleName;
 231             this.userBundle = bundle;
 232         }
 233         boolean isSystemBundle() {
 234             return SYSTEM_LOGGER_RB_NAME.equals(resourceBundleName);
 235         }
 236         static LoggerBundle get(String name, ResourceBundle bundle) {
 237             if (name == null && bundle == null) {
 238                 return NO_RESOURCE_BUNDLE;
 239             } else if (SYSTEM_LOGGER_RB_NAME.equals(name) && bundle == null) {
 240                 return SYSTEM_BUNDLE;
 241             } else {
 242                 return new LoggerBundle(name, bundle);
 243             }
 244         }
 245     }
 246 
 247     // This instance will be shared by all loggers created by the system
 248     // code
 249     private static final LoggerBundle SYSTEM_BUNDLE =
 250             new LoggerBundle(SYSTEM_LOGGER_RB_NAME, null);
 251 
 252     // This instance indicates that no resource bundle has been specified yet,
 253     // and it will be shared by all loggers which have no resource bundle.
 254     private static final LoggerBundle NO_RESOURCE_BUNDLE =
 255             new LoggerBundle(null, null);
 256 
 257     private volatile LogManager manager;
 258     private String name;
 259     private final CopyOnWriteArrayList<Handler> handlers =
 260         new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
 261     private volatile LoggerBundle loggerBundle = NO_RESOURCE_BUNDLE;
 262     private volatile boolean useParentHandlers = true;
 263     private volatile Filter filter;
 264     private boolean anonymous;
 265 
 266     // Cache to speed up behavior of findResourceBundle:
 267     private ResourceBundle catalog;     // Cached resource bundle
 268     private String catalogName;         // name associated with catalog
 269     private Locale catalogLocale;       // locale associated with catalog
 270 
 271     // The fields relating to parent-child relationships and levels
 272     // are managed under a separate lock, the treeLock.
 273     private static final Object treeLock = new Object();
 274     // We keep weak references from parents to children, but strong
 275     // references from children to parents.
 276     private volatile Logger parent;    // our nearest parent.
 277     private ArrayList<LogManager.LoggerWeakRef> kids;   // WeakReferences to loggers that have us as parent
 278     private volatile Level levelObject;
 279     private volatile int levelValue;  // current effective level value
 280     private WeakReference<ClassLoader> callersClassLoaderRef;
 281     private final boolean isSystemLogger;
 282 
 283     /**
 284      * GLOBAL_LOGGER_NAME is a name for the global logger.
 285      *
 286      * @since 1.6
 287      */
 288     public static final String GLOBAL_LOGGER_NAME = "global";
 289 
 290     /**
 291      * Return global logger object with the name Logger.GLOBAL_LOGGER_NAME.
 292      *
 293      * @return global logger object
 294      * @since 1.7
 295      */
 296     public static final Logger getGlobal() {
 297         // In order to break a cyclic dependence between the LogManager
 298         // and Logger static initializers causing deadlocks, the global
 299         // logger is created with a special constructor that does not
 300         // initialize its log manager.
 301         //
 302         // If an application calls Logger.getGlobal() before any logger
 303         // has been initialized, it is therefore possible that the
 304         // LogManager class has not been initialized yet, and therefore
 305         // Logger.global.manager will be null.
 306         //
 307         // In order to finish the initialization of the global logger, we
 308         // will therefore call LogManager.getLogManager() here.
 309         //
 310         // To prevent race conditions we also need to call
 311         // LogManager.getLogManager() unconditionally here.
 312         // Indeed we cannot rely on the observed value of global.manager,
 313         // because global.manager will become not null somewhere during
 314         // the initialization of LogManager.
 315         // If two threads are calling getGlobal() concurrently, one thread
 316         // will see global.manager null and call LogManager.getLogManager(),
 317         // but the other thread could come in at a time when global.manager
 318         // is already set although ensureLogManagerInitialized is not finished
 319         // yet...
 320         // Calling LogManager.getLogManager() unconditionally will fix that.
 321 
 322         LogManager.getLogManager();
 323 
 324         // Now the global LogManager should be initialized,
 325         // and the global logger should have been added to
 326         // it, unless we were called within the constructor of a LogManager
 327         // subclass installed as LogManager, in which case global.manager
 328         // would still be null, and global will be lazily initialized later on.
 329 
 330         return global;
 331     }
 332 
 333     /**
 334      * The "global" Logger object is provided as a convenience to developers
 335      * who are making casual use of the Logging package.  Developers
 336      * who are making serious use of the logging package (for example
 337      * in products) should create and use their own Logger objects,
 338      * with appropriate names, so that logging can be controlled on a
 339      * suitable per-Logger granularity. Developers also need to keep a
 340      * strong reference to their Logger objects to prevent them from
 341      * being garbage collected.
 342      *
 343      * @deprecated Initialization of this field is prone to deadlocks.
 344      * The field must be initialized by the Logger class initialization
 345      * which may cause deadlocks with the LogManager class initialization.
 346      * In such cases two class initialization wait for each other to complete.
 347      * The preferred way to get the global logger object is via the call
 348      * {@code Logger.getGlobal()}.
 349      * For compatibility with old JDK versions where the
 350      * {@code Logger.getGlobal()} is not available use the call
 351      * {@code Logger.getLogger(Logger.GLOBAL_LOGGER_NAME)}
 352      * or {@code Logger.getLogger("global")}.
 353      */
 354     @Deprecated
 355     public static final Logger global = new Logger(GLOBAL_LOGGER_NAME);
 356 
 357     /**
 358      * Protected method to construct a logger for a named subsystem.
 359      * <p>
 360      * The logger will be initially configured with a null Level
 361      * and with useParentHandlers set to true.
 362      *
 363      * @param   name    A name for the logger.  This should
 364      *                          be a dot-separated name and should normally
 365      *                          be based on the package name or class name
 366      *                          of the subsystem, such as java.net
 367      *                          or javax.swing.  It may be null for anonymous Loggers.
 368      * @param   resourceBundleName  name of ResourceBundle to be used for localizing
 369      *                          messages for this logger.  May be null if none
 370      *                          of the messages require localization.
 371      * @throws MissingResourceException if the resourceBundleName is non-null and
 372      *             no corresponding resource can be found.
 373      */
 374     protected Logger(String name, String resourceBundleName) {
 375         this(name, resourceBundleName, null, LogManager.getLogManager(), false);
 376     }
 377 
 378     Logger(String name, String resourceBundleName, Class<?> caller, LogManager manager, boolean isSystemLogger) {
 379         this.manager = manager;
 380         this.isSystemLogger = isSystemLogger;
 381         setupResourceInfo(resourceBundleName, caller);
 382         this.name = name;
 383         levelValue = Level.INFO.intValue();
 384     }
 385 
 386     private void setCallersClassLoaderRef(Class<?> caller) {
 387         ClassLoader callersClassLoader = ((caller != null)
 388                                          ? caller.getClassLoader()
 389                                          : null);
 390         if (callersClassLoader != null) {
 391             this.callersClassLoaderRef = new WeakReference<>(callersClassLoader);
 392         }
 393     }
 394 
 395     private ClassLoader getCallersClassLoader() {
 396         return (callersClassLoaderRef != null)
 397                 ? callersClassLoaderRef.get()
 398                 : null;
 399     }
 400 
 401     // This constructor is used only to create the global Logger.
 402     // It is needed to break a cyclic dependence between the LogManager
 403     // and Logger static initializers causing deadlocks.
 404     private Logger(String name) {
 405         // The manager field is not initialized here.
 406         this.name = name;
 407         this.isSystemLogger = true;
 408         levelValue = Level.INFO.intValue();
 409     }
 410 
 411     // It is called from LoggerContext.addLocalLogger() when the logger
 412     // is actually added to a LogManager.
 413     void setLogManager(LogManager manager) {
 414         this.manager = manager;
 415     }
 416 
 417     private void checkPermission() throws SecurityException {
 418         if (!anonymous) {
 419             if (manager == null) {
 420                 // Complete initialization of the global Logger.
 421                 manager = LogManager.getLogManager();
 422             }
 423             manager.checkPermission();
 424         }
 425     }
 426 
 427     // Until all JDK code converted to call sun.util.logging.PlatformLogger
 428     // (see 7054233), we need to determine if Logger.getLogger is to add
 429     // a system logger or user logger.
 430     //
 431     // As an interim solution, if the immediate caller whose caller loader is
 432     // null, we assume it's a system logger and add it to the system context.
 433     // These system loggers only set the resource bundle to the given
 434     // resource bundle name (rather than the default system resource bundle).
 435     private static class SystemLoggerHelper {
 436         static boolean disableCallerCheck = getBooleanProperty("sun.util.logging.disableCallerCheck");
 437         private static boolean getBooleanProperty(final String key) {
 438             String s = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<String>() {
 439                 @Override
 440                 public String run() {
 441                     return System.getProperty(key);
 442                 }
 443             });
 444             return Boolean.valueOf(s);
 445         }
 446     }
 447 
 448     private static Logger demandLogger(String name, String resourceBundleName, Class<?> caller) {
 449         LogManager manager = LogManager.getLogManager();
 450         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 451         if (sm != null && !SystemLoggerHelper.disableCallerCheck) {
 452             if (caller.getClassLoader() == null) {
 453                 return manager.demandSystemLogger(name, resourceBundleName, caller);
 454             }
 455         }
 456         return manager.demandLogger(name, resourceBundleName, caller);
 457         // ends up calling new Logger(name, resourceBundleName, caller)
 458         // iff the logger doesn't exist already
 459     }
 460 
 461     /**
 462      * Find or create a logger for a named subsystem.  If a logger has
 463      * already been created with the given name it is returned.  Otherwise
 464      * a new logger is created.
 465      * <p>
 466      * If a new logger is created its log level will be configured
 467      * based on the LogManager configuration and it will configured
 468      * to also send logging output to its parent's Handlers.  It will
 469      * be registered in the LogManager global namespace.
 470      * <p>
 471      * Note: The LogManager may only retain a weak reference to the newly
 472      * created Logger. It is important to understand that a previously
 473      * created Logger with the given name may be garbage collected at any
 474      * time if there is no strong reference to the Logger. In particular,
 475      * this means that two back-to-back calls like
 476      * {@code getLogger("MyLogger").log(...)} may use different Logger
 477      * objects named "MyLogger" if there is no strong reference to the
 478      * Logger named "MyLogger" elsewhere in the program.
 479      *
 480      * @param   name            A name for the logger.  This should
 481      *                          be a dot-separated name and should normally
 482      *                          be based on the package name or class name
 483      *                          of the subsystem, such as java.net
 484      *                          or javax.swing
 485      * @return a suitable Logger
 486      * @throws NullPointerException if the name is null.
 487      */
 488 
 489     // Synchronization is not required here. All synchronization for
 490     // adding a new Logger object is handled by LogManager.addLogger().
 491     @CallerSensitive
 492     public static Logger getLogger(String name) {
 493         // This method is intentionally not a wrapper around a call
 494         // to getLogger(name, resourceBundleName). If it were then
 495         // this sequence:
 496         //
 497         //     getLogger("Foo", "resourceBundleForFoo");
 498         //     getLogger("Foo");
 499         //
 500         // would throw an IllegalArgumentException in the second call
 501         // because the wrapper would result in an attempt to replace
 502         // the existing "resourceBundleForFoo" with null.
 503         return Logger.getLogger(name, Reflection.getCallerClass());
 504     }
 505 
 506     /**
 507      * Find or create a logger for a named subsystem on behalf
 508      * of the given caller.
 509      *
 510      * This method is called by {@link #getLogger(java.lang.String)} after
 511      * it has obtained a reference to its caller's class.
 512      *
 513      * @param   name            A name for the logger.
 514      * @param   callerClass     The class that called {@link
 515      *                          #getLogger(java.lang.String)}.
 516      * @return a suitable Logger for {@code callerClass}.
 517      */
 518     private static Logger getLogger(String name, Class<?> callerClass) {
 519         return demandLogger(name, null, callerClass);
 520     }
 521 
 522     /**
 523      * Find or create a logger for a named subsystem.  If a logger has
 524      * already been created with the given name it is returned.  Otherwise
 525      * a new logger is created.
 526      * <p>
 527      * If a new logger is created its log level will be configured
 528      * based on the LogManager and it will configured to also send logging
 529      * output to its parent's Handlers.  It will be registered in
 530      * the LogManager global namespace.
 531      * <p>
 532      * Note: The LogManager may only retain a weak reference to the newly
 533      * created Logger. It is important to understand that a previously
 534      * created Logger with the given name may be garbage collected at any
 535      * time if there is no strong reference to the Logger. In particular,
 536      * this means that two back-to-back calls like
 537      * {@code getLogger("MyLogger", ...).log(...)} may use different Logger
 538      * objects named "MyLogger" if there is no strong reference to the
 539      * Logger named "MyLogger" elsewhere in the program.
 540      * <p>
 541      * If the named Logger already exists and does not yet have a
 542      * localization resource bundle then the given resource bundle
 543      * name is used.  If the named Logger already exists and has
 544      * a different resource bundle name then an IllegalArgumentException
 545      * is thrown.
 546      *
 547      * @param   name    A name for the logger.  This should
 548      *                          be a dot-separated name and should normally
 549      *                          be based on the package name or class name
 550      *                          of the subsystem, such as java.net
 551      *                          or javax.swing
 552      * @param   resourceBundleName  name of ResourceBundle to be used for localizing
 553      *                          messages for this logger. May be {@code null}
 554      *                          if none of the messages require localization.
 555      * @return a suitable Logger
 556      * @throws MissingResourceException if the resourceBundleName is non-null and
 557      *             no corresponding resource can be found.
 558      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the Logger already exists and uses
 559      *             a different resource bundle name; or if
 560      *             {@code resourceBundleName} is {@code null} but the named
 561      *             logger has a resource bundle set.
 562      * @throws NullPointerException if the name is null.
 563      */
 564 
 565     // Synchronization is not required here. All synchronization for
 566     // adding a new Logger object is handled by LogManager.addLogger().
 567     @CallerSensitive
 568     public static Logger getLogger(String name, String resourceBundleName) {
 569         return Logger.getLogger(name, resourceBundleName, Reflection.getCallerClass());
 570     }
 571 
 572     /**
 573      * Find or create a logger for a named subsystem on behalf
 574      * of the given caller.
 575      *
 576      * This method is called by {@link
 577      * #getLogger(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)} after
 578      * it has obtained a reference to its caller's class.
 579      *
 580      * @param   name            A name for the logger.
 581      * @param   resourceBundleName  name of ResourceBundle to be used for localizing
 582      *                          messages for this logger. May be {@code null}
 583      *                          if none of the messages require localization.
 584      * @param   callerClass     The class that called {@link
 585      *                          #getLogger(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)}.
 586      *                          This class will also be used for locating the
 587      *                          resource bundle if {@code resourceBundleName} is
 588      *                          not {@code null}.
 589      * @return a suitable Logger for {@code callerClass}.
 590      */
 591     private static Logger getLogger(String name, String resourceBundleName,
 592                                     Class<?> callerClass) {
 593         Logger result = demandLogger(name, resourceBundleName, callerClass);
 594 
 595         // MissingResourceException or IllegalArgumentException can be
 596         // thrown by setupResourceInfo().
 597         // We have to set the callers ClassLoader here in case demandLogger
 598         // above found a previously created Logger.  This can happen, for
 599         // example, if Logger.getLogger(name) is called and subsequently
 600         // Logger.getLogger(name, resourceBundleName) is called.  In this case
 601         // we won't necessarily have the correct classloader saved away, so
 602         // we need to set it here, too.
 603 
 604         result.setupResourceInfo(resourceBundleName, callerClass);
 605         return result;
 606     }
 607 
 608     // package-private
 609     // Add a platform logger to the system context.
 610     // i.e. caller of sun.util.logging.PlatformLogger.getLogger
 611     static Logger getPlatformLogger(String name) {
 612         LogManager manager = LogManager.getLogManager();
 613 
 614         // all loggers in the system context will default to
 615         // the system logger's resource bundle - therefore the caller won't
 616         // be needed and can be null.
 617         Logger result = manager.demandSystemLogger(name, SYSTEM_LOGGER_RB_NAME, null);
 618         return result;
 619     }
 620 
 621     /**
 622      * Create an anonymous Logger.  The newly created Logger is not
 623      * registered in the LogManager namespace.  There will be no
 624      * access checks on updates to the logger.
 625      * <p>
 626      * This factory method is primarily intended for use from applets.
 627      * Because the resulting Logger is anonymous it can be kept private
 628      * by the creating class.  This removes the need for normal security
 629      * checks, which in turn allows untrusted applet code to update
 630      * the control state of the Logger.  For example an applet can do
 631      * a setLevel or an addHandler on an anonymous Logger.
 632      * <p>
 633      * Even although the new logger is anonymous, it is configured
 634      * to have the root logger ("") as its parent.  This means that
 635      * by default it inherits its effective level and handlers
 636      * from the root logger. Changing its parent via the
 637      * {@link #setParent(java.util.logging.Logger) setParent} method
 638      * will still require the security permission specified by that method.
 639      *
 640      * @return a newly created private Logger
 641      */
 642     public static Logger getAnonymousLogger() {
 643         return getAnonymousLogger(null);
 644     }
 645 
 646     /**
 647      * Create an anonymous Logger.  The newly created Logger is not
 648      * registered in the LogManager namespace.  There will be no
 649      * access checks on updates to the logger.
 650      * <p>
 651      * This factory method is primarily intended for use from applets.
 652      * Because the resulting Logger is anonymous it can be kept private
 653      * by the creating class.  This removes the need for normal security
 654      * checks, which in turn allows untrusted applet code to update
 655      * the control state of the Logger.  For example an applet can do
 656      * a setLevel or an addHandler on an anonymous Logger.
 657      * <p>
 658      * Even although the new logger is anonymous, it is configured
 659      * to have the root logger ("") as its parent.  This means that
 660      * by default it inherits its effective level and handlers
 661      * from the root logger.  Changing its parent via the
 662      * {@link #setParent(java.util.logging.Logger) setParent} method
 663      * will still require the security permission specified by that method.
 664      *
 665      * @param   resourceBundleName  name of ResourceBundle to be used for localizing
 666      *                          messages for this logger.
 667      *          May be null if none of the messages require localization.
 668      * @return a newly created private Logger
 669      * @throws MissingResourceException if the resourceBundleName is non-null and
 670      *             no corresponding resource can be found.
 671      */
 672 
 673     // Synchronization is not required here. All synchronization for
 674     // adding a new anonymous Logger object is handled by doSetParent().
 675     @CallerSensitive
 676     public static Logger getAnonymousLogger(String resourceBundleName) {
 677         LogManager manager = LogManager.getLogManager();
 678         // cleanup some Loggers that have been GC'ed
 679         manager.drainLoggerRefQueueBounded();
 680         Logger result = new Logger(null, resourceBundleName,
 681                                    Reflection.getCallerClass(), manager, false);
 682         result.anonymous = true;
 683         Logger root = manager.getLogger("");
 684         result.doSetParent(root);
 685         return result;
 686     }
 687 
 688     /**
 689      * Retrieve the localization resource bundle for this
 690      * logger.
 691      * This method will return a {@code ResourceBundle} that was either
 692      * set by the {@link
 693      * #setResourceBundle(java.util.ResourceBundle) setResourceBundle} method or
 694      * <a href="#ResourceBundleMapping">mapped from the
 695      * the resource bundle name</a> set via the {@link
 696      * Logger#getLogger(java.lang.String, java.lang.String) getLogger} factory
 697      * method for the current default locale.
 698      * <br>Note that if the result is {@code null}, then the Logger will use a resource
 699      * bundle or resource bundle name inherited from its parent.
 700      *
 701      * @return localization bundle (may be {@code null})
 702      */
 703     public ResourceBundle getResourceBundle() {
 704         return findResourceBundle(getResourceBundleName(), true);
 705     }
 706 
 707     /**
 708      * Retrieve the localization resource bundle name for this
 709      * logger.
 710      * This is either the name specified through the {@link
 711      * #getLogger(java.lang.String, java.lang.String) getLogger} factory method,
 712      * or the {@linkplain ResourceBundle#getBaseBundleName() base name} of the
 713      * ResourceBundle set through {@link
 714      * #setResourceBundle(java.util.ResourceBundle) setResourceBundle} method.
 715      * <br>Note that if the result is {@code null}, then the Logger will use a resource
 716      * bundle or resource bundle name inherited from its parent.
 717      *
 718      * @return localization bundle name (may be {@code null})
 719      */
 720     public String getResourceBundleName() {
 721         return loggerBundle.resourceBundleName;
 722     }
 723 
 724     /**
 725      * Set a filter to control output on this Logger.
 726      * <P>
 727      * After passing the initial "level" check, the Logger will
 728      * call this Filter to check if a log record should really
 729      * be published.
 730      *
 731      * @param   newFilter  a filter object (may be null)
 732      * @throws  SecurityException if a security manager exists,
 733      *          this logger is not anonymous, and the caller
 734      *          does not have LoggingPermission("control").
 735      */
 736     public void setFilter(Filter newFilter) throws SecurityException {
 737         checkPermission();
 738         filter = newFilter;
 739     }
 740 
 741     /**
 742      * Get the current filter for this Logger.
 743      *
 744      * @return  a filter object (may be null)
 745      */
 746     public Filter getFilter() {
 747         return filter;
 748     }
 749 
 750     /**
 751      * Log a LogRecord.
 752      * <p>
 753      * All the other logging methods in this class call through
 754      * this method to actually perform any logging.  Subclasses can
 755      * override this single method to capture all log activity.
 756      *
 757      * @param record the LogRecord to be published
 758      */
 759     public void log(LogRecord record) {
 760         if (!isLoggable(record.getLevel())) {
 761             return;
 762         }
 763         Filter theFilter = filter;
 764         if (theFilter != null && !theFilter.isLoggable(record)) {
 765             return;
 766         }
 767 
 768         // Post the LogRecord to all our Handlers, and then to
 769         // our parents' handlers, all the way up the tree.
 770 
 771         Logger logger = this;
 772         while (logger != null) {
 773             final Handler[] loggerHandlers = isSystemLogger
 774                 ? logger.accessCheckedHandlers()
 775                 : logger.getHandlers();
 776 
 777             for (Handler handler : loggerHandlers) {
 778                 handler.publish(record);
 779             }
 780 
 781             final boolean useParentHdls = isSystemLogger
 782                 ? logger.useParentHandlers
 783                 : logger.getUseParentHandlers();
 784 
 785             if (!useParentHdls) {
 786                 break;
 787             }
 788 
 789             logger = isSystemLogger ? logger.parent : logger.getParent();
 790         }
 791     }
 792 
 793     // private support method for logging.
 794     // We fill in the logger name, resource bundle name, and
 795     // resource bundle and then call "void log(LogRecord)".
 796     private void doLog(LogRecord lr) {
 797         lr.setLoggerName(name);
 798         final LoggerBundle lb = getEffectiveLoggerBundle();
 799         final ResourceBundle  bundle = lb.userBundle;
 800         final String ebname = lb.resourceBundleName;
 801         if (ebname != null && bundle != null) {
 802             lr.setResourceBundleName(ebname);
 803             lr.setResourceBundle(bundle);
 804         }
 805         log(lr);
 806     }
 807 
 808 
 809     //================================================================
 810     // Start of convenience methods WITHOUT className and methodName
 811     //================================================================
 812 
 813     /**
 814      * Log a message, with no arguments.
 815      * <p>
 816      * If the logger is currently enabled for the given message
 817      * level then the given message is forwarded to all the
 818      * registered output Handler objects.
 819      *
 820      * @param   level   One of the message level identifiers, e.g., SEVERE
 821      * @param   msg     The string message (or a key in the message catalog)
 822      */
 823     public void log(Level level, String msg) {
 824         if (!isLoggable(level)) {
 825             return;
 826         }
 827         LogRecord lr = new LogRecord(level, msg);
 828         doLog(lr);
 829     }
 830 
 831     /**
 832      * Log a message, which is only to be constructed if the logging level
 833      * is such that the message will actually be logged.
 834      * <p>
 835      * If the logger is currently enabled for the given message
 836      * level then the message is constructed by invoking the provided
 837      * supplier function and forwarded to all the registered output
 838      * Handler objects.
 839      *
 840      * @param   level   One of the message level identifiers, e.g., SEVERE
 841      * @param   msgSupplier   A function, which when called, produces the
 842      *                        desired log message
 843      */
 844     public void log(Level level, Supplier<String> msgSupplier) {
 845         if (!isLoggable(level)) {
 846             return;
 847         }
 848         LogRecord lr = new LogRecord(level, msgSupplier.get());
 849         doLog(lr);
 850     }
 851 
 852     /**
 853      * Log a message, with one object parameter.
 854      * <p>
 855      * If the logger is currently enabled for the given message
 856      * level then a corresponding LogRecord is created and forwarded
 857      * to all the registered output Handler objects.
 858      *
 859      * @param   level   One of the message level identifiers, e.g., SEVERE
 860      * @param   msg     The string message (or a key in the message catalog)
 861      * @param   param1  parameter to the message
 862      */
 863     public void log(Level level, String msg, Object param1) {
 864         if (!isLoggable(level)) {
 865             return;
 866         }
 867         LogRecord lr = new LogRecord(level, msg);
 868         Object params[] = { param1 };
 869         lr.setParameters(params);
 870         doLog(lr);
 871     }
 872 
 873     /**
 874      * Log a message, with an array of object arguments.
 875      * <p>
 876      * If the logger is currently enabled for the given message
 877      * level then a corresponding LogRecord is created and forwarded
 878      * to all the registered output Handler objects.
 879      *
 880      * @param   level   One of the message level identifiers, e.g., SEVERE
 881      * @param   msg     The string message (or a key in the message catalog)
 882      * @param   params  array of parameters to the message
 883      */
 884     public void log(Level level, String msg, Object params[]) {
 885         if (!isLoggable(level)) {
 886             return;
 887         }
 888         LogRecord lr = new LogRecord(level, msg);
 889         lr.setParameters(params);
 890         doLog(lr);
 891     }
 892 
 893     /**
 894      * Log a message, with associated Throwable information.
 895      * <p>
 896      * If the logger is currently enabled for the given message
 897      * level then the given arguments are stored in a LogRecord
 898      * which is forwarded to all registered output handlers.
 899      * <p>
 900      * Note that the thrown argument is stored in the LogRecord thrown
 901      * property, rather than the LogRecord parameters property.  Thus it is
 902      * processed specially by output Formatters and is not treated
 903      * as a formatting parameter to the LogRecord message property.
 904      *
 905      * @param   level   One of the message level identifiers, e.g., SEVERE
 906      * @param   msg     The string message (or a key in the message catalog)
 907      * @param   thrown  Throwable associated with log message.
 908      */
 909     public void log(Level level, String msg, Throwable thrown) {
 910         if (!isLoggable(level)) {
 911             return;
 912         }
 913         LogRecord lr = new LogRecord(level, msg);
 914         lr.setThrown(thrown);
 915         doLog(lr);
 916     }
 917 
 918     /**
 919      * Log a lazily constructed message, with associated Throwable information.
 920      * <p>
 921      * If the logger is currently enabled for the given message level then the
 922      * message is constructed by invoking the provided supplier function. The
 923      * message and the given {@link Throwable} are then stored in a {@link
 924      * LogRecord} which is forwarded to all registered output handlers.
 925      * <p>
 926      * Note that the thrown argument is stored in the LogRecord thrown
 927      * property, rather than the LogRecord parameters property.  Thus it is
 928      * processed specially by output Formatters and is not treated
 929      * as a formatting parameter to the LogRecord message property.
 930      *
 931      * @param   level   One of the message level identifiers, e.g., SEVERE
 932      * @param   thrown  Throwable associated with log message.
 933      * @param   msgSupplier   A function, which when called, produces the
 934      *                        desired log message
 935      * @since   1.8
 936      */
 937     public void log(Level level, Throwable thrown, Supplier<String> msgSupplier) {
 938         if (!isLoggable(level)) {
 939             return;
 940         }
 941         LogRecord lr = new LogRecord(level, msgSupplier.get());
 942         lr.setThrown(thrown);
 943         doLog(lr);
 944     }
 945 
 946     //================================================================
 947     // Start of convenience methods WITH className and methodName
 948     //================================================================
 949 
 950     /**
 951      * Log a message, specifying source class and method,
 952      * with no arguments.
 953      * <p>
 954      * If the logger is currently enabled for the given message
 955      * level then the given message is forwarded to all the
 956      * registered output Handler objects.
 957      *
 958      * @param   level   One of the message level identifiers, e.g., SEVERE
 959      * @param   sourceClass    name of class that issued the logging request
 960      * @param   sourceMethod   name of method that issued the logging request
 961      * @param   msg     The string message (or a key in the message catalog)
 962      */
 963     public void logp(Level level, String sourceClass, String sourceMethod, String msg) {
 964         if (!isLoggable(level)) {
 965             return;
 966         }
 967         LogRecord lr = new LogRecord(level, msg);
 968         lr.setSourceClassName(sourceClass);
 969         lr.setSourceMethodName(sourceMethod);
 970         doLog(lr);
 971     }
 972 
 973     /**
 974      * Log a lazily constructed message, specifying source class and method,
 975      * with no arguments.
 976      * <p>
 977      * If the logger is currently enabled for the given message
 978      * level then the message is constructed by invoking the provided
 979      * supplier function and forwarded to all the registered output
 980      * Handler objects.
 981      *
 982      * @param   level   One of the message level identifiers, e.g., SEVERE
 983      * @param   sourceClass    name of class that issued the logging request
 984      * @param   sourceMethod   name of method that issued the logging request
 985      * @param   msgSupplier   A function, which when called, produces the
 986      *                        desired log message
 987      * @since   1.8
 988      */
 989     public void logp(Level level, String sourceClass, String sourceMethod,
 990                      Supplier<String> msgSupplier) {
 991         if (!isLoggable(level)) {
 992             return;
 993         }
 994         LogRecord lr = new LogRecord(level, msgSupplier.get());
 995         lr.setSourceClassName(sourceClass);
 996         lr.setSourceMethodName(sourceMethod);
 997         doLog(lr);
 998     }
 999 
1000     /**
1001      * Log a message, specifying source class and method,
1002      * with a single object parameter to the log message.
1003      * <p>
1004      * If the logger is currently enabled for the given message
1005      * level then a corresponding LogRecord is created and forwarded
1006      * to all the registered output Handler objects.
1007      *
1008      * @param   level   One of the message level identifiers, e.g., SEVERE
1009      * @param   sourceClass    name of class that issued the logging request
1010      * @param   sourceMethod   name of method that issued the logging request
1011      * @param   msg      The string message (or a key in the message catalog)
1012      * @param   param1    Parameter to the log message.
1013      */
1014     public void logp(Level level, String sourceClass, String sourceMethod,
1015                                                 String msg, Object param1) {
1016         if (!isLoggable(level)) {
1017             return;
1018         }
1019         LogRecord lr = new LogRecord(level, msg);
1020         lr.setSourceClassName(sourceClass);
1021         lr.setSourceMethodName(sourceMethod);
1022         Object params[] = { param1 };
1023         lr.setParameters(params);
1024         doLog(lr);
1025     }
1026 
1027     /**
1028      * Log a message, specifying source class and method,
1029      * with an array of object arguments.
1030      * <p>
1031      * If the logger is currently enabled for the given message
1032      * level then a corresponding LogRecord is created and forwarded
1033      * to all the registered output Handler objects.
1034      *
1035      * @param   level   One of the message level identifiers, e.g., SEVERE
1036      * @param   sourceClass    name of class that issued the logging request
1037      * @param   sourceMethod   name of method that issued the logging request
1038      * @param   msg     The string message (or a key in the message catalog)
1039      * @param   params  Array of parameters to the message
1040      */
1041     public void logp(Level level, String sourceClass, String sourceMethod,
1042                                                 String msg, Object params[]) {
1043         if (!isLoggable(level)) {
1044             return;
1045         }
1046         LogRecord lr = new LogRecord(level, msg);
1047         lr.setSourceClassName(sourceClass);
1048         lr.setSourceMethodName(sourceMethod);
1049         lr.setParameters(params);
1050         doLog(lr);
1051     }
1052 
1053     /**
1054      * Log a message, specifying source class and method,
1055      * with associated Throwable information.
1056      * <p>
1057      * If the logger is currently enabled for the given message
1058      * level then the given arguments are stored in a LogRecord
1059      * which is forwarded to all registered output handlers.
1060      * <p>
1061      * Note that the thrown argument is stored in the LogRecord thrown
1062      * property, rather than the LogRecord parameters property.  Thus it is
1063      * processed specially by output Formatters and is not treated
1064      * as a formatting parameter to the LogRecord message property.
1065      *
1066      * @param   level   One of the message level identifiers, e.g., SEVERE
1067      * @param   sourceClass    name of class that issued the logging request
1068      * @param   sourceMethod   name of method that issued the logging request
1069      * @param   msg     The string message (or a key in the message catalog)
1070      * @param   thrown  Throwable associated with log message.
1071      */
1072     public void logp(Level level, String sourceClass, String sourceMethod,
1073                      String msg, Throwable thrown) {
1074         if (!isLoggable(level)) {
1075             return;
1076         }
1077         LogRecord lr = new LogRecord(level, msg);
1078         lr.setSourceClassName(sourceClass);
1079         lr.setSourceMethodName(sourceMethod);
1080         lr.setThrown(thrown);
1081         doLog(lr);
1082     }
1083 
1084     /**
1085      * Log a lazily constructed message, specifying source class and method,
1086      * with associated Throwable information.
1087      * <p>
1088      * If the logger is currently enabled for the given message level then the
1089      * message is constructed by invoking the provided supplier function. The
1090      * message and the given {@link Throwable} are then stored in a {@link
1091      * LogRecord} which is forwarded to all registered output handlers.
1092      * <p>
1093      * Note that the thrown argument is stored in the LogRecord thrown
1094      * property, rather than the LogRecord parameters property.  Thus it is
1095      * processed specially by output Formatters and is not treated
1096      * as a formatting parameter to the LogRecord message property.
1097      *
1098      * @param   level   One of the message level identifiers, e.g., SEVERE
1099      * @param   sourceClass    name of class that issued the logging request
1100      * @param   sourceMethod   name of method that issued the logging request
1101      * @param   thrown  Throwable associated with log message.
1102      * @param   msgSupplier   A function, which when called, produces the
1103      *                        desired log message
1104      * @since   1.8
1105      */
1106     public void logp(Level level, String sourceClass, String sourceMethod,
1107                      Throwable thrown, Supplier<String> msgSupplier) {
1108         if (!isLoggable(level)) {
1109             return;
1110         }
1111         LogRecord lr = new LogRecord(level, msgSupplier.get());
1112         lr.setSourceClassName(sourceClass);
1113         lr.setSourceMethodName(sourceMethod);
1114         lr.setThrown(thrown);
1115         doLog(lr);
1116     }
1117 
1118 
1119     //=========================================================================
1120     // Start of convenience methods WITH className, methodName and bundle name.
1121     //=========================================================================
1122 
1123     // Private support method for logging for "logrb" methods.
1124     // We fill in the logger name, resource bundle name, and
1125     // resource bundle and then call "void log(LogRecord)".
1126     private void doLog(LogRecord lr, String rbname) {
1127         lr.setLoggerName(name);
1128         if (rbname != null) {
1129             lr.setResourceBundleName(rbname);
1130             lr.setResourceBundle(findResourceBundle(rbname, false));
1131         }
1132         log(lr);
1133     }
1134 
1135     // Private support method for logging for "logrb" methods.
1136     private void doLog(LogRecord lr, ResourceBundle rb) {
1137         lr.setLoggerName(name);
1138         if (rb != null) {
1139             lr.setResourceBundleName(rb.getBaseBundleName());
1140             lr.setResourceBundle(rb);
1141         }
1142         log(lr);
1143     }
1144 
1145     /**
1146      * Log a message, specifying source class, method, and resource bundle name
1147      * with no arguments.
1148      * <p>
1149      * If the logger is currently enabled for the given message
1150      * level then the given message is forwarded to all the
1151      * registered output Handler objects.
1152      * <p>
1153      * The msg string is localized using the named resource bundle.  If the
1154      * resource bundle name is null, or an empty String or invalid
1155      * then the msg string is not localized.
1156      *
1157      * @param   level   One of the message level identifiers, e.g., SEVERE
1158      * @param   sourceClass    name of class that issued the logging request
1159      * @param   sourceMethod   name of method that issued the logging request
1160      * @param   bundleName     name of resource bundle to localize msg,
1161      *                         can be null
1162      * @param   msg     The string message (or a key in the message catalog)
1163      * @deprecated Use {@link #logrb(java.util.logging.Level, java.lang.String,
1164      * java.lang.String, java.util.ResourceBundle, java.lang.String,
1165      * java.lang.Object...)} instead.
1166      */
1167     @Deprecated
1168     public void logrb(Level level, String sourceClass, String sourceMethod,
1169                                 String bundleName, String msg) {
1170         if (!isLoggable(level)) {
1171             return;
1172         }
1173         LogRecord lr = new LogRecord(level, msg);
1174         lr.setSourceClassName(sourceClass);
1175         lr.setSourceMethodName(sourceMethod);
1176         doLog(lr, bundleName);
1177     }
1178 
1179     /**
1180      * Log a message, specifying source class, method, and resource bundle name,
1181      * with a single object parameter to the log message.
1182      * <p>
1183      * If the logger is currently enabled for the given message
1184      * level then a corresponding LogRecord is created and forwarded
1185      * to all the registered output Handler objects.
1186      * <p>
1187      * The msg string is localized using the named resource bundle.  If the
1188      * resource bundle name is null, or an empty String or invalid
1189      * then the msg string is not localized.
1190      *
1191      * @param   level   One of the message level identifiers, e.g., SEVERE
1192      * @param   sourceClass    name of class that issued the logging request
1193      * @param   sourceMethod   name of method that issued the logging request
1194      * @param   bundleName     name of resource bundle to localize msg,
1195      *                         can be null
1196      * @param   msg      The string message (or a key in the message catalog)
1197      * @param   param1    Parameter to the log message.
1198      * @deprecated Use {@link #logrb(java.util.logging.Level, java.lang.String,
1199      *   java.lang.String, java.util.ResourceBundle, java.lang.String,
1200      *   java.lang.Object...)} instead
1201      */
1202     @Deprecated
1203     public void logrb(Level level, String sourceClass, String sourceMethod,
1204                                 String bundleName, String msg, Object param1) {
1205         if (!isLoggable(level)) {
1206             return;
1207         }
1208         LogRecord lr = new LogRecord(level, msg);
1209         lr.setSourceClassName(sourceClass);
1210         lr.setSourceMethodName(sourceMethod);
1211         Object params[] = { param1 };
1212         lr.setParameters(params);
1213         doLog(lr, bundleName);
1214     }
1215 
1216     /**
1217      * Log a message, specifying source class, method, and resource bundle name,
1218      * with an array of object arguments.
1219      * <p>
1220      * If the logger is currently enabled for the given message
1221      * level then a corresponding LogRecord is created and forwarded
1222      * to all the registered output Handler objects.
1223      * <p>
1224      * The msg string is localized using the named resource bundle.  If the
1225      * resource bundle name is null, or an empty String or invalid
1226      * then the msg string is not localized.
1227      *
1228      * @param   level   One of the message level identifiers, e.g., SEVERE
1229      * @param   sourceClass    name of class that issued the logging request
1230      * @param   sourceMethod   name of method that issued the logging request
1231      * @param   bundleName     name of resource bundle to localize msg,
1232      *                         can be null.
1233      * @param   msg     The string message (or a key in the message catalog)
1234      * @param   params  Array of parameters to the message
1235      * @deprecated Use {@link #logrb(java.util.logging.Level, java.lang.String,
1236      *      java.lang.String, java.util.ResourceBundle, java.lang.String,
1237      *      java.lang.Object...)} instead.
1238      */
1239     @Deprecated
1240     public void logrb(Level level, String sourceClass, String sourceMethod,
1241                                 String bundleName, String msg, Object params[]) {
1242         if (!isLoggable(level)) {
1243             return;
1244         }
1245         LogRecord lr = new LogRecord(level, msg);
1246         lr.setSourceClassName(sourceClass);
1247         lr.setSourceMethodName(sourceMethod);
1248         lr.setParameters(params);
1249         doLog(lr, bundleName);
1250     }
1251 
1252     /**
1253      * Log a message, specifying source class, method, and resource bundle,
1254      * with an optional list of message parameters.
1255      * <p>
1256      * If the logger is currently enabled for the given message
1257      * level then a corresponding LogRecord is created and forwarded
1258      * to all the registered output Handler objects.
1259      * <p>
1260      * The {@code msg} string is localized using the given resource bundle.
1261      * If the resource bundle is {@code null}, then the {@code msg} string is not
1262      * localized.
1263      *
1264      * @param   level   One of the message level identifiers, e.g., SEVERE
1265      * @param   sourceClass    Name of the class that issued the logging request
1266      * @param   sourceMethod   Name of the method that issued the logging request
1267      * @param   bundle         Resource bundle to localize {@code msg},
1268      *                         can be {@code null}.
1269      * @param   msg     The string message (or a key in the message catalog)
1270      * @param   params  Parameters to the message (optional, may be none).
1271      * @since 1.8
1272      */
1273     public void logrb(Level level, String sourceClass, String sourceMethod,
1274                       ResourceBundle bundle, String msg, Object... params) {
1275         if (!isLoggable(level)) {
1276             return;
1277         }
1278         LogRecord lr = new LogRecord(level, msg);
1279         lr.setSourceClassName(sourceClass);
1280         lr.setSourceMethodName(sourceMethod);
1281         if (params != null && params.length != 0) {
1282             lr.setParameters(params);
1283         }
1284         doLog(lr, bundle);
1285     }
1286 
1287     /**
1288      * Log a message, specifying source class, method, and resource bundle name,
1289      * with associated Throwable information.
1290      * <p>
1291      * If the logger is currently enabled for the given message
1292      * level then the given arguments are stored in a LogRecord
1293      * which is forwarded to all registered output handlers.
1294      * <p>
1295      * The msg string is localized using the named resource bundle.  If the
1296      * resource bundle name is null, or an empty String or invalid
1297      * then the msg string is not localized.
1298      * <p>
1299      * Note that the thrown argument is stored in the LogRecord thrown
1300      * property, rather than the LogRecord parameters property.  Thus it is
1301      * processed specially by output Formatters and is not treated
1302      * as a formatting parameter to the LogRecord message property.
1303      *
1304      * @param   level   One of the message level identifiers, e.g., SEVERE
1305      * @param   sourceClass    name of class that issued the logging request
1306      * @param   sourceMethod   name of method that issued the logging request
1307      * @param   bundleName     name of resource bundle to localize msg,
1308      *                         can be null
1309      * @param   msg     The string message (or a key in the message catalog)
1310      * @param   thrown  Throwable associated with log message.
1311      * @deprecated Use {@link #logrb(java.util.logging.Level, java.lang.String,
1312      *     java.lang.String, java.util.ResourceBundle, java.lang.String,
1313      *     java.lang.Throwable)} instead.
1314      */
1315     @Deprecated
1316     public void logrb(Level level, String sourceClass, String sourceMethod,
1317                                         String bundleName, String msg, Throwable thrown) {
1318         if (!isLoggable(level)) {
1319             return;
1320         }
1321         LogRecord lr = new LogRecord(level, msg);
1322         lr.setSourceClassName(sourceClass);
1323         lr.setSourceMethodName(sourceMethod);
1324         lr.setThrown(thrown);
1325         doLog(lr, bundleName);
1326     }
1327 
1328     /**
1329      * Log a message, specifying source class, method, and resource bundle,
1330      * with associated Throwable information.
1331      * <p>
1332      * If the logger is currently enabled for the given message
1333      * level then the given arguments are stored in a LogRecord
1334      * which is forwarded to all registered output handlers.
1335      * <p>
1336      * The {@code msg} string is localized using the given resource bundle.
1337      * If the resource bundle is {@code null}, then the {@code msg} string is not
1338      * localized.
1339      * <p>
1340      * Note that the thrown argument is stored in the LogRecord thrown
1341      * property, rather than the LogRecord parameters property.  Thus it is
1342      * processed specially by output Formatters and is not treated
1343      * as a formatting parameter to the LogRecord message property.
1344      *
1345      * @param   level   One of the message level identifiers, e.g., SEVERE
1346      * @param   sourceClass    Name of the class that issued the logging request
1347      * @param   sourceMethod   Name of the method that issued the logging request
1348      * @param   bundle         Resource bundle to localize {@code msg},
1349      *                         can be {@code null}
1350      * @param   msg     The string message (or a key in the message catalog)
1351      * @param   thrown  Throwable associated with the log message.
1352      * @since 1.8
1353      */
1354     public void logrb(Level level, String sourceClass, String sourceMethod,
1355                       ResourceBundle bundle, String msg, Throwable thrown) {
1356         if (!isLoggable(level)) {
1357             return;
1358         }
1359         LogRecord lr = new LogRecord(level, msg);
1360         lr.setSourceClassName(sourceClass);
1361         lr.setSourceMethodName(sourceMethod);
1362         lr.setThrown(thrown);
1363         doLog(lr, bundle);
1364     }
1365 
1366     //======================================================================
1367     // Start of convenience methods for logging method entries and returns.
1368     //======================================================================
1369 
1370     /**
1371      * Log a method entry.
1372      * <p>
1373      * This is a convenience method that can be used to log entry
1374      * to a method.  A LogRecord with message "ENTRY", log level
1375      * FINER, and the given sourceMethod and sourceClass is logged.
1376      *
1377      * @param   sourceClass    name of class that issued the logging request
1378      * @param   sourceMethod   name of method that is being entered
1379      */
1380     public void entering(String sourceClass, String sourceMethod) {
1381         logp(Level.FINER, sourceClass, sourceMethod, "ENTRY");
1382     }
1383 
1384     /**
1385      * Log a method entry, with one parameter.
1386      * <p>
1387      * This is a convenience method that can be used to log entry
1388      * to a method.  A LogRecord with message "ENTRY {0}", log level
1389      * FINER, and the given sourceMethod, sourceClass, and parameter
1390      * is logged.
1391      *
1392      * @param   sourceClass    name of class that issued the logging request
1393      * @param   sourceMethod   name of method that is being entered
1394      * @param   param1         parameter to the method being entered
1395      */
1396     public void entering(String sourceClass, String sourceMethod, Object param1) {
1397         logp(Level.FINER, sourceClass, sourceMethod, "ENTRY {0}", param1);
1398     }
1399 
1400     /**
1401      * Log a method entry, with an array of parameters.
1402      * <p>
1403      * This is a convenience method that can be used to log entry
1404      * to a method.  A LogRecord with message "ENTRY" (followed by a
1405      * format {N} indicator for each entry in the parameter array),
1406      * log level FINER, and the given sourceMethod, sourceClass, and
1407      * parameters is logged.
1408      *
1409      * @param   sourceClass    name of class that issued the logging request
1410      * @param   sourceMethod   name of method that is being entered
1411      * @param   params         array of parameters to the method being entered
1412      */
1413     public void entering(String sourceClass, String sourceMethod, Object params[]) {
1414         String msg = "ENTRY";
1415         if (params == null ) {
1416            logp(Level.FINER, sourceClass, sourceMethod, msg);
1417            return;
1418         }
1419         if (!isLoggable(Level.FINER)) return;
1420         if (params.length > 0) {
1421             final StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder(msg);
1422             for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
1423                 b.append(' ').append('{').append(i).append('}');
1424             }
1425             msg = b.toString();
1426         }
1427         logp(Level.FINER, sourceClass, sourceMethod, msg, params);
1428     }
1429 
1430     /**
1431      * Log a method return.
1432      * <p>
1433      * This is a convenience method that can be used to log returning
1434      * from a method.  A LogRecord with message "RETURN", log level
1435      * FINER, and the given sourceMethod and sourceClass is logged.
1436      *
1437      * @param   sourceClass    name of class that issued the logging request
1438      * @param   sourceMethod   name of the method
1439      */
1440     public void exiting(String sourceClass, String sourceMethod) {
1441         logp(Level.FINER, sourceClass, sourceMethod, "RETURN");
1442     }
1443 
1444 
1445     /**
1446      * Log a method return, with result object.
1447      * <p>
1448      * This is a convenience method that can be used to log returning
1449      * from a method.  A LogRecord with message "RETURN {0}", log level
1450      * FINER, and the gives sourceMethod, sourceClass, and result
1451      * object is logged.
1452      *
1453      * @param   sourceClass    name of class that issued the logging request
1454      * @param   sourceMethod   name of the method
1455      * @param   result  Object that is being returned
1456      */
1457     public void exiting(String sourceClass, String sourceMethod, Object result) {
1458         logp(Level.FINER, sourceClass, sourceMethod, "RETURN {0}", result);
1459     }
1460 
1461     /**
1462      * Log throwing an exception.
1463      * <p>
1464      * This is a convenience method to log that a method is
1465      * terminating by throwing an exception.  The logging is done
1466      * using the FINER level.
1467      * <p>
1468      * If the logger is currently enabled for the given message
1469      * level then the given arguments are stored in a LogRecord
1470      * which is forwarded to all registered output handlers.  The
1471      * LogRecord's message is set to "THROW".
1472      * <p>
1473      * Note that the thrown argument is stored in the LogRecord thrown
1474      * property, rather than the LogRecord parameters property.  Thus it is
1475      * processed specially by output Formatters and is not treated
1476      * as a formatting parameter to the LogRecord message property.
1477      *
1478      * @param   sourceClass    name of class that issued the logging request
1479      * @param   sourceMethod  name of the method.
1480      * @param   thrown  The Throwable that is being thrown.
1481      */
1482     public void throwing(String sourceClass, String sourceMethod, Throwable thrown) {
1483         if (!isLoggable(Level.FINER)) {
1484             return;
1485         }
1486         LogRecord lr = new LogRecord(Level.FINER, "THROW");
1487         lr.setSourceClassName(sourceClass);
1488         lr.setSourceMethodName(sourceMethod);
1489         lr.setThrown(thrown);
1490         doLog(lr);
1491     }
1492 
1493     //=======================================================================
1494     // Start of simple convenience methods using level names as method names
1495     //=======================================================================
1496 
1497     /**
1498      * Log a SEVERE message.
1499      * <p>
1500      * If the logger is currently enabled for the SEVERE message
1501      * level then the given message is forwarded to all the
1502      * registered output Handler objects.
1503      *
1504      * @param   msg     The string message (or a key in the message catalog)
1505      */
1506     public void severe(String msg) {
1507         log(Level.SEVERE, msg);
1508     }
1509 
1510     /**
1511      * Log a WARNING message.
1512      * <p>
1513      * If the logger is currently enabled for the WARNING message
1514      * level then the given message is forwarded to all the
1515      * registered output Handler objects.
1516      *
1517      * @param   msg     The string message (or a key in the message catalog)
1518      */
1519     public void warning(String msg) {
1520         log(Level.WARNING, msg);
1521     }
1522 
1523     /**
1524      * Log an INFO message.
1525      * <p>
1526      * If the logger is currently enabled for the INFO message
1527      * level then the given message is forwarded to all the
1528      * registered output Handler objects.
1529      *
1530      * @param   msg     The string message (or a key in the message catalog)
1531      */
1532     public void info(String msg) {
1533         log(Level.INFO, msg);
1534     }
1535 
1536     /**
1537      * Log a CONFIG message.
1538      * <p>
1539      * If the logger is currently enabled for the CONFIG message
1540      * level then the given message is forwarded to all the
1541      * registered output Handler objects.
1542      *
1543      * @param   msg     The string message (or a key in the message catalog)
1544      */
1545     public void config(String msg) {
1546         log(Level.CONFIG, msg);
1547     }
1548 
1549     /**
1550      * Log a FINE message.
1551      * <p>
1552      * If the logger is currently enabled for the FINE message
1553      * level then the given message is forwarded to all the
1554      * registered output Handler objects.
1555      *
1556      * @param   msg     The string message (or a key in the message catalog)
1557      */
1558     public void fine(String msg) {
1559         log(Level.FINE, msg);
1560     }
1561 
1562     /**
1563      * Log a FINER message.
1564      * <p>
1565      * If the logger is currently enabled for the FINER message
1566      * level then the given message is forwarded to all the
1567      * registered output Handler objects.
1568      *
1569      * @param   msg     The string message (or a key in the message catalog)
1570      */
1571     public void finer(String msg) {
1572         log(Level.FINER, msg);
1573     }
1574 
1575     /**
1576      * Log a FINEST message.
1577      * <p>
1578      * If the logger is currently enabled for the FINEST message
1579      * level then the given message is forwarded to all the
1580      * registered output Handler objects.
1581      *
1582      * @param   msg     The string message (or a key in the message catalog)
1583      */
1584     public void finest(String msg) {
1585         log(Level.FINEST, msg);
1586     }
1587 
1588     //=======================================================================
1589     // Start of simple convenience methods using level names as method names
1590     // and use Supplier<String>
1591     //=======================================================================
1592 
1593     /**
1594      * Log a SEVERE message, which is only to be constructed if the logging
1595      * level is such that the message will actually be logged.
1596      * <p>
1597      * If the logger is currently enabled for the SEVERE message
1598      * level then the message is constructed by invoking the provided
1599      * supplier function and forwarded to all the registered output
1600      * Handler objects.
1601      *
1602      * @param   msgSupplier   A function, which when called, produces the
1603      *                        desired log message
1604      * @since   1.8
1605      */
1606     public void severe(Supplier<String> msgSupplier) {
1607         log(Level.SEVERE, msgSupplier);
1608     }
1609 
1610     /**
1611      * Log a WARNING message, which is only to be constructed if the logging
1612      * level is such that the message will actually be logged.
1613      * <p>
1614      * If the logger is currently enabled for the WARNING message
1615      * level then the message is constructed by invoking the provided
1616      * supplier function and forwarded to all the registered output
1617      * Handler objects.
1618      *
1619      * @param   msgSupplier   A function, which when called, produces the
1620      *                        desired log message
1621      * @since   1.8
1622      */
1623     public void warning(Supplier<String> msgSupplier) {
1624         log(Level.WARNING, msgSupplier);
1625     }
1626 
1627     /**
1628      * Log a INFO message, which is only to be constructed if the logging
1629      * level is such that the message will actually be logged.
1630      * <p>
1631      * If the logger is currently enabled for the INFO message
1632      * level then the message is constructed by invoking the provided
1633      * supplier function and forwarded to all the registered output
1634      * Handler objects.
1635      *
1636      * @param   msgSupplier   A function, which when called, produces the
1637      *                        desired log message
1638      * @since   1.8
1639      */
1640     public void info(Supplier<String> msgSupplier) {
1641         log(Level.INFO, msgSupplier);
1642     }
1643 
1644     /**
1645      * Log a CONFIG message, which is only to be constructed if the logging
1646      * level is such that the message will actually be logged.
1647      * <p>
1648      * If the logger is currently enabled for the CONFIG message
1649      * level then the message is constructed by invoking the provided
1650      * supplier function and forwarded to all the registered output
1651      * Handler objects.
1652      *
1653      * @param   msgSupplier   A function, which when called, produces the
1654      *                        desired log message
1655      * @since   1.8
1656      */
1657     public void config(Supplier<String> msgSupplier) {
1658         log(Level.CONFIG, msgSupplier);
1659     }
1660 
1661     /**
1662      * Log a FINE message, which is only to be constructed if the logging
1663      * level is such that the message will actually be logged.
1664      * <p>
1665      * If the logger is currently enabled for the FINE message
1666      * level then the message is constructed by invoking the provided
1667      * supplier function and forwarded to all the registered output
1668      * Handler objects.
1669      *
1670      * @param   msgSupplier   A function, which when called, produces the
1671      *                        desired log message
1672      * @since   1.8
1673      */
1674     public void fine(Supplier<String> msgSupplier) {
1675         log(Level.FINE, msgSupplier);
1676     }
1677 
1678     /**
1679      * Log a FINER message, which is only to be constructed if the logging
1680      * level is such that the message will actually be logged.
1681      * <p>
1682      * If the logger is currently enabled for the FINER message
1683      * level then the message is constructed by invoking the provided
1684      * supplier function and forwarded to all the registered output
1685      * Handler objects.
1686      *
1687      * @param   msgSupplier   A function, which when called, produces the
1688      *                        desired log message
1689      * @since   1.8
1690      */
1691     public void finer(Supplier<String> msgSupplier) {
1692         log(Level.FINER, msgSupplier);
1693     }
1694 
1695     /**
1696      * Log a FINEST message, which is only to be constructed if the logging
1697      * level is such that the message will actually be logged.
1698      * <p>
1699      * If the logger is currently enabled for the FINEST message
1700      * level then the message is constructed by invoking the provided
1701      * supplier function and forwarded to all the registered output
1702      * Handler objects.
1703      *
1704      * @param   msgSupplier   A function, which when called, produces the
1705      *                        desired log message
1706      * @since   1.8
1707      */
1708     public void finest(Supplier<String> msgSupplier) {
1709         log(Level.FINEST, msgSupplier);
1710     }
1711 
1712     //================================================================
1713     // End of convenience methods
1714     //================================================================
1715 
1716     /**
1717      * Set the log level specifying which message levels will be
1718      * logged by this logger.  Message levels lower than this
1719      * value will be discarded.  The level value Level.OFF
1720      * can be used to turn off logging.
1721      * <p>
1722      * If the new level is null, it means that this node should
1723      * inherit its level from its nearest ancestor with a specific
1724      * (non-null) level value.
1725      *
1726      * @param newLevel   the new value for the log level (may be null)
1727      * @throws  SecurityException if a security manager exists,
1728      *          this logger is not anonymous, and the caller
1729      *          does not have LoggingPermission("control").
1730      */
1731     public void setLevel(Level newLevel) throws SecurityException {
1732         checkPermission();
1733         synchronized (treeLock) {
1734             levelObject = newLevel;
1735             updateEffectiveLevel();
1736         }
1737     }
1738 
1739     final boolean isLevelInitialized() {
1740         return levelObject != null;
1741     }
1742 
1743     /**
1744      * Get the log Level that has been specified for this Logger.
1745      * The result may be null, which means that this logger's
1746      * effective level will be inherited from its parent.
1747      *
1748      * @return  this Logger's level
1749      */
1750     public Level getLevel() {
1751         return levelObject;
1752     }
1753 
1754     /**
1755      * Check if a message of the given level would actually be logged
1756      * by this logger.  This check is based on the Loggers effective level,
1757      * which may be inherited from its parent.
1758      *
1759      * @param   level   a message logging level
1760      * @return  true if the given message level is currently being logged.
1761      */
1762     public boolean isLoggable(Level level) {
1763         if (level.intValue() < levelValue || levelValue == offValue) {
1764             return false;
1765         }
1766         return true;
1767     }
1768 
1769     /**
1770      * Get the name for this logger.
1771      * @return logger name.  Will be null for anonymous Loggers.
1772      */
1773     public String getName() {
1774         return name;
1775     }
1776 
1777     /**
1778      * Add a log Handler to receive logging messages.
1779      * <p>
1780      * By default, Loggers also send their output to their parent logger.
1781      * Typically the root Logger is configured with a set of Handlers
1782      * that essentially act as default handlers for all loggers.
1783      *
1784      * @param   handler a logging Handler
1785      * @throws  SecurityException if a security manager exists,
1786      *          this logger is not anonymous, and the caller
1787      *          does not have LoggingPermission("control").
1788      */
1789     public void addHandler(Handler handler) throws SecurityException {
1790         Objects.requireNonNull(handler);
1791         checkPermission();
1792         handlers.add(handler);
1793     }
1794 
1795     /**
1796      * Remove a log Handler.
1797      * <P>
1798      * Returns silently if the given Handler is not found or is null
1799      *
1800      * @param   handler a logging Handler
1801      * @throws  SecurityException if a security manager exists,
1802      *          this logger is not anonymous, and the caller
1803      *          does not have LoggingPermission("control").
1804      */
1805     public void removeHandler(Handler handler) throws SecurityException {
1806         checkPermission();
1807         if (handler == null) {
1808             return;
1809         }
1810         handlers.remove(handler);
1811     }
1812 
1813     /**
1814      * Get the Handlers associated with this logger.
1815      *
1816      * @return  an array of all registered Handlers
1817      */
1818     public Handler[] getHandlers() {
1819         return accessCheckedHandlers();
1820     }
1821 
1822     // This method should ideally be marked final - but unfortunately
1823     // it needs to be overridden by LogManager.RootLogger
1824     Handler[] accessCheckedHandlers() {
1825         return handlers.toArray(emptyHandlers);
1826     }
1827 
1828     /**
1829      * Specify whether or not this logger should send its output
1830      * to its parent Logger.  This means that any LogRecords will
1831      * also be written to the parent's Handlers, and potentially
1832      * to its parent, recursively up the namespace.
1833      *
1834      * @param useParentHandlers   true if output is to be sent to the
1835      *          logger's parent.
1836      * @throws  SecurityException if a security manager exists,
1837      *          this logger is not anonymous, and the caller
1838      *          does not have LoggingPermission("control").
1839      */
1840     public void setUseParentHandlers(boolean useParentHandlers) {
1841         checkPermission();
1842         this.useParentHandlers = useParentHandlers;
1843     }
1844 
1845     /**
1846      * Discover whether or not this logger is sending its output
1847      * to its parent logger.
1848      *
1849      * @return  true if output is to be sent to the logger's parent
1850      */
1851     public boolean getUseParentHandlers() {
1852         return useParentHandlers;
1853     }
1854 
1855     private static ResourceBundle findSystemResourceBundle(final Locale locale) {
1856         // the resource bundle is in a restricted package
1857         return AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<ResourceBundle>() {
1858             @Override
1859             public ResourceBundle run() {
1860                 try {
1861                     return ResourceBundle.getBundle(SYSTEM_LOGGER_RB_NAME,
1862                                                     locale,
1863                                                     ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
1864                 } catch (MissingResourceException e) {
1865                     throw new InternalError(e.toString());
1866                 }
1867             }
1868         });
1869     }
1870 
1871     /**
1872      * Private utility method to map a resource bundle name to an
1873      * actual resource bundle, using a simple one-entry cache.
1874      * Returns null for a null name.
1875      * May also return null if we can't find the resource bundle and
1876      * there is no suitable previous cached value.
1877      *
1878      * @param name the ResourceBundle to locate
1879      * @param userCallersClassLoader if true search using the caller's ClassLoader
1880      * @return ResourceBundle specified by name or null if not found
1881      */
1882     private synchronized ResourceBundle findResourceBundle(String name,
1883                                                            boolean useCallersClassLoader) {
1884         // For all lookups, we first check the thread context class loader
1885         // if it is set.  If not, we use the system classloader.  If we
1886         // still haven't found it we use the callersClassLoaderRef if it
1887         // is set and useCallersClassLoader is true.  We set
1888         // callersClassLoaderRef initially upon creating the logger with a
1889         // non-null resource bundle name.
1890 
1891         // Return a null bundle for a null name.
1892         if (name == null) {
1893             return null;
1894         }
1895 
1896         Locale currentLocale = Locale.getDefault();
1897         final LoggerBundle lb = loggerBundle;
1898 
1899         // Normally we should hit on our simple one entry cache.
1900         if (lb.userBundle != null &&
1901                 name.equals(lb.resourceBundleName)) {
1902             return lb.userBundle;
1903         } else if (catalog != null && currentLocale.equals(catalogLocale)
1904                 && name.equals(catalogName)) {
1905             return catalog;
1906         }
1907 
1908         if (name.equals(SYSTEM_LOGGER_RB_NAME)) {
1909             catalog = findSystemResourceBundle(currentLocale);
1910             catalogName = name;
1911             catalogLocale = currentLocale;
1912             return catalog;
1913         }
1914 
1915         // Use the thread's context ClassLoader.  If there isn't one, use the
1916         // {@linkplain java.lang.ClassLoader#getSystemClassLoader() system ClassLoader}.
1917         ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
1918         if (cl == null) {
1919             cl = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
1920         }
1921         try {
1922             catalog = ResourceBundle.getBundle(name, currentLocale, cl);
1923             catalogName = name;
1924             catalogLocale = currentLocale;
1925             return catalog;
1926         } catch (MissingResourceException ex) {
1927             // We can't find the ResourceBundle in the default
1928             // ClassLoader.  Drop through.
1929         }
1930 
1931         if (useCallersClassLoader) {
1932             // Try with the caller's ClassLoader
1933             ClassLoader callersClassLoader = getCallersClassLoader();
1934 
1935             if (callersClassLoader == null || callersClassLoader == cl) {
1936                 return null;
1937             }
1938 
1939             try {
1940                 catalog = ResourceBundle.getBundle(name, currentLocale,
1941                                                    callersClassLoader);
1942                 catalogName = name;
1943                 catalogLocale = currentLocale;
1944                 return catalog;
1945             } catch (MissingResourceException ex) {
1946                 return null; // no luck
1947             }
1948         } else {
1949             return null;
1950         }
1951     }
1952 
1953     // Private utility method to initialize our one entry
1954     // resource bundle name cache and the callers ClassLoader
1955     // Note: for consistency reasons, we are careful to check
1956     // that a suitable ResourceBundle exists before setting the
1957     // resourceBundleName field.
1958     // Synchronized to prevent races in setting the fields.
1959     private synchronized void setupResourceInfo(String name,
1960                                                 Class<?> callersClass) {
1961         final LoggerBundle lb = loggerBundle;
1962         if (lb.resourceBundleName != null) {
1963             // this Logger already has a ResourceBundle
1964 
1965             if (lb.resourceBundleName.equals(name)) {
1966                 // the names match so there is nothing more to do
1967                 return;
1968             }
1969 
1970             // cannot change ResourceBundles once they are set
1971             throw new IllegalArgumentException(
1972                 lb.resourceBundleName + " != " + name);
1973         }
1974 
1975         if (name == null) {
1976             return;
1977         }
1978 
1979         setCallersClassLoaderRef(callersClass);
1980         if (isSystemLogger && getCallersClassLoader() != null) {
1981             checkPermission();
1982         }
1983         if (findResourceBundle(name, true) == null) {
1984             // We've failed to find an expected ResourceBundle.
1985             // unset the caller's ClassLoader since we were unable to find the
1986             // the bundle using it
1987             this.callersClassLoaderRef = null;
1988             throw new MissingResourceException("Can't find " + name + " bundle",
1989                                                 name, "");
1990         }
1991 
1992         // if lb.userBundle is not null we won't reach this line.
1993         assert lb.userBundle == null;
1994         loggerBundle = LoggerBundle.get(name, null);
1995     }
1996 
1997     /**
1998      * Sets a resource bundle on this logger.
1999      * All messages will be logged using the given resource bundle for its
2000      * specific {@linkplain ResourceBundle#getLocale locale}.
2001      * @param bundle The resource bundle that this logger shall use.
2002      * @throws NullPointerException if the given bundle is {@code null}.
2003      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given bundle doesn't have a
2004      *         {@linkplain ResourceBundle#getBaseBundleName base name},
2005      *         or if this logger already has a resource bundle set but
2006      *         the given bundle has a different base name.
2007      * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists,
2008      *         this logger is not anonymous, and the caller
2009      *         does not have LoggingPermission("control").
2010      * @since 1.8
2011      */
2012     public void setResourceBundle(ResourceBundle bundle) {
2013         checkPermission();
2014 
2015         // Will throw NPE if bundle is null.
2016         final String baseName = bundle.getBaseBundleName();
2017 
2018         // bundle must have a name
2019         if (baseName == null || baseName.isEmpty()) {
2020             throw new IllegalArgumentException("resource bundle must have a name");
2021         }
2022 
2023         synchronized (this) {
2024             LoggerBundle lb = loggerBundle;
2025             final boolean canReplaceResourceBundle = lb.resourceBundleName == null
2026                     || lb.resourceBundleName.equals(baseName);
2027 
2028             if (!canReplaceResourceBundle) {
2029                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("can't replace resource bundle");
2030             }
2031 
2032 
2033             loggerBundle = LoggerBundle.get(baseName, bundle);
2034         }
2035     }
2036 
2037     /**
2038      * Return the parent for this Logger.
2039      * <p>
2040      * This method returns the nearest extant parent in the namespace.
2041      * Thus if a Logger is called "a.b.c.d", and a Logger called "a.b"
2042      * has been created but no logger "a.b.c" exists, then a call of
2043      * getParent on the Logger "a.b.c.d" will return the Logger "a.b".
2044      * <p>
2045      * The result will be null if it is called on the root Logger
2046      * in the namespace.
2047      *
2048      * @return nearest existing parent Logger
2049      */
2050     public Logger getParent() {
2051         // Note: this used to be synchronized on treeLock.  However, this only
2052         // provided memory semantics, as there was no guarantee that the caller
2053         // would synchronize on treeLock (in fact, there is no way for external
2054         // callers to so synchronize).  Therefore, we have made parent volatile
2055         // instead.
2056         return parent;
2057     }
2058 
2059     /**
2060      * Set the parent for this Logger.  This method is used by
2061      * the LogManager to update a Logger when the namespace changes.
2062      * <p>
2063      * It should not be called from application code.
2064      *
2065      * @param  parent   the new parent logger
2066      * @throws  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and if
2067      *          the caller does not have LoggingPermission("control").
2068      */
2069     public void setParent(Logger parent) {
2070         if (parent == null) {
2071             throw new NullPointerException();
2072         }
2073 
2074         // check permission for all loggers, including anonymous loggers
2075         if (manager == null) {
2076             manager = LogManager.getLogManager();
2077         }
2078         manager.checkPermission();
2079 
2080         doSetParent(parent);
2081     }
2082 
2083     // Private method to do the work for parenting a child
2084     // Logger onto a parent logger.
2085     private void doSetParent(Logger newParent) {
2086 
2087         // System.err.println("doSetParent \"" + getName() + "\" \""
2088         //                              + newParent.getName() + "\"");
2089 
2090         synchronized (treeLock) {
2091 
2092             // Remove ourself from any previous parent.
2093             LogManager.LoggerWeakRef ref = null;
2094             if (parent != null) {
2095                 // assert parent.kids != null;
2096                 for (Iterator<LogManager.LoggerWeakRef> iter = parent.kids.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {
2097                     ref = iter.next();
2098                     Logger kid =  ref.get();
2099                     if (kid == this) {
2100                         // ref is used down below to complete the reparenting
2101                         iter.remove();
2102                         break;
2103                     } else {
2104                         ref = null;
2105                     }
2106                 }
2107                 // We have now removed ourself from our parents' kids.
2108             }
2109 
2110             // Set our new parent.
2111             parent = newParent;
2112             if (parent.kids == null) {
2113                 parent.kids = new ArrayList<>(2);
2114             }
2115             if (ref == null) {
2116                 // we didn't have a previous parent
2117                 ref = manager.new LoggerWeakRef(this);
2118             }
2119             ref.setParentRef(new WeakReference<>(parent));
2120             parent.kids.add(ref);
2121 
2122             // As a result of the reparenting, the effective level
2123             // may have changed for us and our children.
2124             updateEffectiveLevel();
2125 
2126         }
2127     }
2128 
2129     // Package-level method.
2130     // Remove the weak reference for the specified child Logger from the
2131     // kid list. We should only be called from LoggerWeakRef.dispose().
2132     final void removeChildLogger(LogManager.LoggerWeakRef child) {
2133         synchronized (treeLock) {
2134             for (Iterator<LogManager.LoggerWeakRef> iter = kids.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {
2135                 LogManager.LoggerWeakRef ref = iter.next();
2136                 if (ref == child) {
2137                     iter.remove();
2138                     return;
2139                 }
2140             }
2141         }
2142     }
2143 
2144     // Recalculate the effective level for this node and
2145     // recursively for our children.
2146 
2147     private void updateEffectiveLevel() {
2148         // assert Thread.holdsLock(treeLock);
2149 
2150         // Figure out our current effective level.
2151         int newLevelValue;
2152         if (levelObject != null) {
2153             newLevelValue = levelObject.intValue();
2154         } else {
2155             if (parent != null) {
2156                 newLevelValue = parent.levelValue;
2157             } else {
2158                 // This may happen during initialization.
2159                 newLevelValue = Level.INFO.intValue();
2160             }
2161         }
2162 
2163         // If our effective value hasn't changed, we're done.
2164         if (levelValue == newLevelValue) {
2165             return;
2166         }
2167 
2168         levelValue = newLevelValue;
2169 
2170         // System.err.println("effective level: \"" + getName() + "\" := " + level);
2171 
2172         // Recursively update the level on each of our kids.
2173         if (kids != null) {
2174             for (LogManager.LoggerWeakRef ref : kids) {
2175                 Logger kid = ref.get();
2176                 if (kid != null) {
2177                     kid.updateEffectiveLevel();
2178                 }
2179             }
2180         }
2181     }
2182 
2183 
2184     // Private method to get the potentially inherited
2185     // resource bundle and resource bundle name for this Logger.
2186     // This method never returns null.
2187     private LoggerBundle getEffectiveLoggerBundle() {
2188         final LoggerBundle lb = loggerBundle;
2189         if (lb.isSystemBundle()) {
2190             return SYSTEM_BUNDLE;
2191         }
2192 
2193         // first take care of this logger
2194         final ResourceBundle b = getResourceBundle();
2195         if (b != null && b == lb.userBundle) {
2196             return lb;
2197         } else if (b != null) {
2198             // either lb.userBundle is null or getResourceBundle() is
2199             // overriden
2200             final String rbName = getResourceBundleName();
2201             return LoggerBundle.get(rbName, b);
2202         }
2203 
2204         // no resource bundle was specified on this logger, look up the
2205         // parent stack.
2206         Logger target = this.parent;
2207         while (target != null) {
2208             final LoggerBundle trb = target.loggerBundle;
2209             if (trb.isSystemBundle()) {
2210                 return SYSTEM_BUNDLE;
2211             }
2212             if (trb.userBundle != null) {
2213                 return trb;
2214             }
2215             final String rbName = isSystemLogger
2216                 // ancestor of a system logger is expected to be a system logger.
2217                 // ignore resource bundle name if it's not.
2218                 ? (target.isSystemLogger ? trb.resourceBundleName : null)
2219                 : target.getResourceBundleName();
2220             if (rbName != null) {
2221                 return LoggerBundle.get(rbName,
2222                         findResourceBundle(rbName, true));
2223             }
2224             target = isSystemLogger ? target.parent : target.getParent();
2225         }
2226         return NO_RESOURCE_BUNDLE;
2227     }
2228 
2229 }