1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "jvm.h"
  27 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/metadataOnStackMark.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  32 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  33 #include "interpreter/linkResolver.hpp"
  34 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
  35 #include "memory/heapInspection.hpp"
  36 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  37 #include "memory/metaspaceClosure.hpp"
  38 #include "memory/metaspaceShared.hpp"
  39 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  40 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  41 #include "oops/array.inline.hpp"
  42 #include "oops/constantPool.inline.hpp"
  43 #include "oops/cpCache.inline.hpp"
  44 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  45 #include "oops/objArrayKlass.hpp"
  46 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  47 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  48 #include "oops/typeArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  49 #include "runtime/fieldType.hpp"
  50 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  51 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  52 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  53 #include "runtime/signature.hpp"
  54 #include "runtime/vframe.inline.hpp"
  55 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  56 
  57 constantTag ConstantPool::tag_at(int which) const { return (constantTag)tags()->at_acquire(which); }
  58 
  59 void ConstantPool::release_tag_at_put(int which, jbyte t) { tags()->release_at_put(which, t); }
  60 
  61 ConstantPool* ConstantPool::allocate(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, int length, TRAPS) {
  62   Array<u1>* tags = MetadataFactory::new_array<u1>(loader_data, length, 0, CHECK_NULL);
  63   int size = ConstantPool::size(length);
  64   return new (loader_data, size, MetaspaceObj::ConstantPoolType, THREAD) ConstantPool(tags);
  65 }
  66 
  67 #ifdef ASSERT
  68 
  69 // MetaspaceObj allocation invariant is calloc equivalent memory
  70 // simple verification of this here (JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid == 0 )
  71 static bool tag_array_is_zero_initialized(Array<u1>* tags) {
  72   assert(tags != NULL, "invariant");
  73   const int length = tags->length();
  74   for (int index = 0; index < length; ++index) {
  75     if (JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid != tags->at(index)) {
  76       return false;
  77     }
  78   }
  79   return true;
  80 }
  81 
  82 #endif
  83 
  84 ConstantPool::ConstantPool(Array<u1>* tags) :
  85   _tags(tags),
  86   _length(tags->length()) {
  87 
  88     assert(_tags != NULL, "invariant");
  89     assert(tags->length() == _length, "invariant");
  90     assert(tag_array_is_zero_initialized(tags), "invariant");
  91     assert(0 == flags(), "invariant");
  92     assert(0 == version(), "invariant");
  93     assert(NULL == _pool_holder, "invariant");
  94 }
  95 
  96 void ConstantPool::deallocate_contents(ClassLoaderData* loader_data) {
  97   if (cache() != NULL) {
  98     MetadataFactory::free_metadata(loader_data, cache());
  99     set_cache(NULL);
 100   }
 101 
 102   MetadataFactory::free_array<Klass*>(loader_data, resolved_klasses());
 103   set_resolved_klasses(NULL);
 104 
 105   MetadataFactory::free_array<jushort>(loader_data, operands());
 106   set_operands(NULL);
 107 
 108   release_C_heap_structures();
 109 
 110   // free tag array
 111   MetadataFactory::free_array<u1>(loader_data, tags());
 112   set_tags(NULL);
 113 }
 114 
 115 void ConstantPool::release_C_heap_structures() {
 116   // walk constant pool and decrement symbol reference counts
 117   unreference_symbols();
 118 }
 119 
 120 void ConstantPool::metaspace_pointers_do(MetaspaceClosure* it) {
 121   log_trace(cds)("Iter(ConstantPool): %p", this);
 122 
 123   it->push(&_tags, MetaspaceClosure::_writable);
 124   it->push(&_cache);
 125   it->push(&_pool_holder);
 126   it->push(&_operands);
 127   it->push(&_resolved_klasses, MetaspaceClosure::_writable);
 128 
 129   for (int i = 0; i < length(); i++) {
 130     // The only MSO's embedded in the CP entries are Symbols:
 131     //   JVM_CONSTANT_String (normal and pseudo)
 132     //   JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8
 133     constantTag ctag = tag_at(i);
 134     if (ctag.is_string() || ctag.is_utf8()) {
 135       it->push(symbol_at_addr(i));
 136     }
 137   }
 138 }
 139 
 140 objArrayOop ConstantPool::resolved_references() const {
 141   return (objArrayOop)_cache->resolved_references();
 142 }
 143 
 144 // Called from outside constant pool resolution where a resolved_reference array
 145 // may not be present.
 146 objArrayOop ConstantPool::resolved_references_or_null() const {
 147   if (_cache == NULL) {
 148     return NULL;
 149   } else {
 150     return (objArrayOop)_cache->resolved_references();
 151   }
 152 }
 153 
 154 // Create resolved_references array and mapping array for original cp indexes
 155 // The ldc bytecode was rewritten to have the resolved reference array index so need a way
 156 // to map it back for resolving and some unlikely miscellaneous uses.
 157 // The objects created by invokedynamic are appended to this list.
 158 void ConstantPool::initialize_resolved_references(ClassLoaderData* loader_data,
 159                                                   const intStack& reference_map,
 160                                                   int constant_pool_map_length,
 161                                                   TRAPS) {
 162   // Initialized the resolved object cache.
 163   int map_length = reference_map.length();
 164   if (map_length > 0) {
 165     // Only need mapping back to constant pool entries.  The map isn't used for
 166     // invokedynamic resolved_reference entries.  For invokedynamic entries,
 167     // the constant pool cache index has the mapping back to both the constant
 168     // pool and to the resolved reference index.
 169     if (constant_pool_map_length > 0) {
 170       Array<u2>* om = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, constant_pool_map_length, CHECK);
 171 
 172       for (int i = 0; i < constant_pool_map_length; i++) {
 173         int x = reference_map.at(i);
 174         assert(x == (int)(jushort) x, "klass index is too big");
 175         om->at_put(i, (jushort)x);
 176       }
 177       set_reference_map(om);
 178     }
 179 
 180     // Create Java array for holding resolved strings, methodHandles,
 181     // methodTypes, invokedynamic and invokehandle appendix objects, etc.
 182     objArrayOop stom = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), map_length, CHECK);
 183     Handle refs_handle (THREAD, (oop)stom);  // must handleize.
 184     set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 185   }
 186 }
 187 
 188 void ConstantPool::allocate_resolved_klasses(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, int num_klasses, TRAPS) {
 189   // A ConstantPool can't possibly have 0xffff valid class entries,
 190   // because entry #0 must be CONSTANT_Invalid, and each class entry must refer to a UTF8
 191   // entry for the class's name. So at most we will have 0xfffe class entries.
 192   // This allows us to use 0xffff (ConstantPool::_temp_resolved_klass_index) to indicate
 193   // UnresolvedKlass entries that are temporarily created during class redefinition.
 194   assert(num_klasses < CPKlassSlot::_temp_resolved_klass_index, "sanity");
 195   assert(resolved_klasses() == NULL, "sanity");
 196   Array<Klass*>* rk = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(loader_data, num_klasses, CHECK);
 197   set_resolved_klasses(rk);
 198 }
 199 
 200 void ConstantPool::initialize_unresolved_klasses(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, TRAPS) {
 201   int len = length();
 202   int num_klasses = 0;
 203   for (int i = 1; i <len; i++) {
 204     switch (tag_at(i).value()) {
 205     case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
 206       {
 207         const int class_index = klass_index_at(i);
 208         unresolved_klass_at_put(i, class_index, num_klasses++);
 209       }
 210       break;
 211 #ifndef PRODUCT
 212     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
 213     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 214     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
 215       // All of these should have been reverted back to ClassIndex before calling
 216       // this function.
 217       ShouldNotReachHere();
 218 #endif
 219     }
 220   }
 221   allocate_resolved_klasses(loader_data, num_klasses, THREAD);
 222 }
 223 
 224 // Unsafe anonymous class support:
 225 void ConstantPool::klass_at_put(int class_index, int name_index, int resolved_klass_index, Klass* k, Symbol* name) {
 226   assert(is_within_bounds(class_index), "index out of bounds");
 227   assert(is_within_bounds(name_index), "index out of bounds");
 228   assert((resolved_klass_index & 0xffff0000) == 0, "must be");
 229   *int_at_addr(class_index) =
 230     build_int_from_shorts((jushort)resolved_klass_index, (jushort)name_index);
 231 
 232   symbol_at_put(name_index, name);
 233   name->increment_refcount();
 234   Klass** adr = resolved_klasses()->adr_at(resolved_klass_index);
 235   OrderAccess::release_store(adr, k);
 236 
 237   // The interpreter assumes when the tag is stored, the klass is resolved
 238   // and the Klass* non-NULL, so we need hardware store ordering here.
 239   if (k != NULL) {
 240     release_tag_at_put(class_index, JVM_CONSTANT_Class);
 241   } else {
 242     release_tag_at_put(class_index, JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass);
 243   }
 244 }
 245 
 246 // Unsafe anonymous class support:
 247 void ConstantPool::klass_at_put(int class_index, Klass* k) {
 248   assert(k != NULL, "must be valid klass");
 249   CPKlassSlot kslot = klass_slot_at(class_index);
 250   int resolved_klass_index = kslot.resolved_klass_index();
 251   Klass** adr = resolved_klasses()->adr_at(resolved_klass_index);
 252   OrderAccess::release_store(adr, k);
 253 
 254   // The interpreter assumes when the tag is stored, the klass is resolved
 255   // and the Klass* non-NULL, so we need hardware store ordering here.
 256   release_tag_at_put(class_index, JVM_CONSTANT_Class);
 257 }
 258 
 259 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
 260 // Archive the resolved references
 261 void ConstantPool::archive_resolved_references(Thread* THREAD) {
 262   if (_cache == NULL) {
 263     return; // nothing to do
 264   }
 265 
 266   InstanceKlass *ik = pool_holder();
 267   if (!(ik->is_shared_boot_class() || ik->is_shared_platform_class() ||
 268         ik->is_shared_app_class())) {
 269     // Archiving resolved references for classes from non-builtin loaders
 270     // is not yet supported.
 271     set_resolved_references(NULL);
 272     return;
 273   }
 274 
 275   objArrayOop rr = resolved_references();
 276   Array<u2>* ref_map = reference_map();
 277   if (rr != NULL) {
 278     int ref_map_len = ref_map == NULL ? 0 : ref_map->length();
 279     int rr_len = rr->length();
 280     for (int i = 0; i < rr_len; i++) {
 281       oop p = rr->obj_at(i);
 282       rr->obj_at_put(i, NULL);
 283       if (p != NULL && i < ref_map_len) {
 284         int index = object_to_cp_index(i);
 285         // Skip the entry if the string hash code is 0 since the string
 286         // is not included in the shared string_table, see StringTable::copy_shared_string.
 287         if (tag_at(index).is_string() && java_lang_String::hash_code(p) != 0) {
 288           oop op = StringTable::create_archived_string(p, THREAD);
 289           // If the String object is not archived (possibly too large),
 290           // NULL is returned. Also set it in the array, so we won't
 291           // have a 'bad' reference in the archived resolved_reference
 292           // array.
 293           rr->obj_at_put(i, op);
 294         }
 295       }
 296     }
 297 
 298     oop archived = MetaspaceShared::archive_heap_object(rr, THREAD);
 299     // If the resolved references array is not archived (too large),
 300     // the 'archived' object is NULL. No need to explicitly check
 301     // the return value of archive_heap_object here. At runtime, the
 302     // resolved references will be created using the normal process
 303     // when there is no archived value.
 304     _cache->set_archived_references(archived);
 305     set_resolved_references(NULL);
 306   }
 307 }
 308 
 309 void ConstantPool::resolve_class_constants(TRAPS) {
 310   assert(DumpSharedSpaces, "used during dump time only");
 311   // The _cache may be NULL if the _pool_holder klass fails verification
 312   // at dump time due to missing dependencies.
 313   if (cache() == NULL || reference_map() == NULL) {
 314     return; // nothing to do
 315   }
 316 
 317   constantPoolHandle cp(THREAD, this);
 318   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
 319     if (tag_at(index).is_string() && !cp->is_pseudo_string_at(index)) {
 320       int cache_index = cp->cp_to_object_index(index);
 321       string_at_impl(cp, index, cache_index, CHECK);
 322     }
 323   }
 324 }
 325 #endif
 326 
 327 // CDS support. Create a new resolved_references array.
 328 void ConstantPool::restore_unshareable_info(TRAPS) {
 329   assert(is_constantPool(), "ensure C++ vtable is restored");
 330   assert(on_stack(), "should always be set for shared constant pools");
 331   assert(is_shared(), "should always be set for shared constant pools");
 332   assert(_cache != NULL, "constant pool _cache should not be NULL");
 333 
 334   // Only create the new resolved references array if it hasn't been attempted before
 335   if (resolved_references() != NULL) return;
 336 
 337   // restore the C++ vtable from the shared archive
 338   restore_vtable();
 339 
 340   if (SystemDictionary::Object_klass_loaded()) {
 341     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
 342 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
 343     if (MetaspaceShared::open_archive_heap_region_mapped() &&
 344         _cache->archived_references() != NULL) {
 345       oop archived = _cache->archived_references();
 346       // Create handle for the archived resolved reference array object
 347       Handle refs_handle(THREAD, archived);
 348       set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 349     } else
 350 #endif
 351     {
 352       // No mapped archived resolved reference array
 353       // Recreate the object array and add to ClassLoaderData.
 354       int map_length = resolved_reference_length();
 355       if (map_length > 0) {
 356         objArrayOop stom = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), map_length, CHECK);
 357         Handle refs_handle(THREAD, (oop)stom);  // must handleize.
 358         set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 359       }
 360     }
 361   }
 362 }
 363 
 364 void ConstantPool::remove_unshareable_info() {
 365   // Resolved references are not in the shared archive.
 366   // Save the length for restoration.  It is not necessarily the same length
 367   // as reference_map.length() if invokedynamic is saved. It is needed when
 368   // re-creating the resolved reference array if archived heap data cannot be map
 369   // at runtime.
 370   set_resolved_reference_length(
 371     resolved_references() != NULL ? resolved_references()->length() : 0);
 372 
 373   // If archiving heap objects is not allowed, clear the resolved references.
 374   // Otherwise, it is cleared after the resolved references array is cached
 375   // (see archive_resolved_references()).
 376   if (!MetaspaceShared::is_heap_object_archiving_allowed()) {
 377     set_resolved_references(NULL);
 378   }
 379 
 380   // Shared ConstantPools are in the RO region, so the _flags cannot be modified.
 381   // The _on_stack flag is used to prevent ConstantPools from deallocation during
 382   // class redefinition. Since shared ConstantPools cannot be deallocated anyway,
 383   // we always set _on_stack to true to avoid having to change _flags during runtime.
 384   _flags |= (_on_stack | _is_shared);
 385   int num_klasses = 0;
 386   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
 387     assert(!tag_at(index).is_unresolved_klass_in_error(), "This must not happen during dump time");
 388     if (tag_at(index).is_klass()) {
 389       // This class was resolved as a side effect of executing Java code
 390       // during dump time. We need to restore it back to an UnresolvedClass,
 391       // so that the proper class loading and initialization can happen
 392       // at runtime.
 393       CPKlassSlot kslot = klass_slot_at(index);
 394       int resolved_klass_index = kslot.resolved_klass_index();
 395       int name_index = kslot.name_index();
 396       assert(tag_at(name_index).is_symbol(), "sanity");
 397       resolved_klasses()->at_put(resolved_klass_index, NULL);
 398       tag_at_put(index, JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass);
 399       assert(klass_name_at(index) == symbol_at(name_index), "sanity");
 400     }
 401   }
 402   if (cache() != NULL) {
 403     cache()->remove_unshareable_info();
 404   }
 405 }
 406 
 407 int ConstantPool::cp_to_object_index(int cp_index) {
 408   // this is harder don't do this so much.
 409   int i = reference_map()->find(cp_index);
 410   // We might not find the index for jsr292 call.
 411   return (i < 0) ? _no_index_sentinel : i;
 412 }
 413 
 414 void ConstantPool::string_at_put(int which, int obj_index, oop str) {
 415   resolved_references()->obj_at_put(obj_index, str);
 416 }
 417 
 418 void ConstantPool::trace_class_resolution(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, Klass* k) {
 419   ResourceMark rm;
 420   int line_number = -1;
 421   const char * source_file = NULL;
 422   if (JavaThread::current()->has_last_Java_frame()) {
 423     // try to identify the method which called this function.
 424     vframeStream vfst(JavaThread::current());
 425     if (!vfst.at_end()) {
 426       line_number = vfst.method()->line_number_from_bci(vfst.bci());
 427       Symbol* s = vfst.method()->method_holder()->source_file_name();
 428       if (s != NULL) {
 429         source_file = s->as_C_string();
 430       }
 431     }
 432   }
 433   if (k != this_cp->pool_holder()) {
 434     // only print something if the classes are different
 435     if (source_file != NULL) {
 436       log_debug(class, resolve)("%s %s %s:%d",
 437                  this_cp->pool_holder()->external_name(),
 438                  k->external_name(), source_file, line_number);
 439     } else {
 440       log_debug(class, resolve)("%s %s",
 441                  this_cp->pool_holder()->external_name(),
 442                  k->external_name());
 443     }
 444   }
 445 }
 446 
 447 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which,
 448                                    bool save_resolution_error, TRAPS) {
 449   assert(THREAD->is_Java_thread(), "must be a Java thread");
 450 
 451   // A resolved constantPool entry will contain a Klass*, otherwise a Symbol*.
 452   // It is not safe to rely on the tag bit's here, since we don't have a lock, and
 453   // the entry and tag is not updated atomicly.
 454   CPKlassSlot kslot = this_cp->klass_slot_at(which);
 455   int resolved_klass_index = kslot.resolved_klass_index();
 456   int name_index = kslot.name_index();
 457   assert(this_cp->tag_at(name_index).is_symbol(), "sanity");
 458 
 459   Klass* klass = this_cp->resolved_klasses()->at(resolved_klass_index);
 460   if (klass != NULL) {
 461     return klass;
 462   }
 463 
 464   // This tag doesn't change back to unresolved class unless at a safepoint.
 465   if (this_cp->tag_at(which).is_unresolved_klass_in_error()) {
 466     // The original attempt to resolve this constant pool entry failed so find the
 467     // class of the original error and throw another error of the same class
 468     // (JVMS 5.4.3).
 469     // If there is a detail message, pass that detail message to the error.
 470     // The JVMS does not strictly require us to duplicate the same detail message,
 471     // or any internal exception fields such as cause or stacktrace.  But since the
 472     // detail message is often a class name or other literal string, we will repeat it
 473     // if we can find it in the symbol table.
 474     throw_resolution_error(this_cp, which, CHECK_NULL);
 475     ShouldNotReachHere();
 476   }
 477 
 478   Handle mirror_handle;
 479   Symbol* name = this_cp->symbol_at(name_index);
 480   Handle loader (THREAD, this_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader());
 481   Handle protection_domain (THREAD, this_cp->pool_holder()->protection_domain());
 482   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(name, loader, protection_domain, true, THREAD);
 483   if (!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 484     // preserve the resolved klass from unloading
 485     mirror_handle = Handle(THREAD, k->java_mirror());
 486     // Do access check for klasses
 487     verify_constant_pool_resolve(this_cp, k, THREAD);
 488   }
 489 
 490   // Failed to resolve class. We must record the errors so that subsequent attempts
 491   // to resolve this constant pool entry fail with the same error (JVMS 5.4.3).
 492   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 493     if (save_resolution_error) {
 494       save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, which, constantTag(JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass), CHECK_NULL);
 495       // If CHECK_NULL above doesn't return the exception, that means that
 496       // some other thread has beaten us and has resolved the class.
 497       // To preserve old behavior, we return the resolved class.
 498       klass = this_cp->resolved_klasses()->at(resolved_klass_index);
 499       assert(klass != NULL, "must be resolved if exception was cleared");
 500       return klass;
 501     } else {
 502       return NULL;  // return the pending exception
 503     }
 504   }
 505 
 506   // Make this class loader depend upon the class loader owning the class reference
 507   ClassLoaderData* this_key = this_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
 508   this_key->record_dependency(k);
 509 
 510   // logging for class+resolve.
 511   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, class, resolve)){
 512     trace_class_resolution(this_cp, k);
 513   }
 514   Klass** adr = this_cp->resolved_klasses()->adr_at(resolved_klass_index);
 515   OrderAccess::release_store(adr, k);
 516   // The interpreter assumes when the tag is stored, the klass is resolved
 517   // and the Klass* stored in _resolved_klasses is non-NULL, so we need
 518   // hardware store ordering here.
 519   this_cp->release_tag_at_put(which, JVM_CONSTANT_Class);
 520   return k;
 521 }
 522 
 523 
 524 // Does not update ConstantPool* - to avoid any exception throwing. Used
 525 // by compiler and exception handling.  Also used to avoid classloads for
 526 // instanceof operations. Returns NULL if the class has not been loaded or
 527 // if the verification of constant pool failed
 528 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which) {
 529   CPKlassSlot kslot = this_cp->klass_slot_at(which);
 530   int resolved_klass_index = kslot.resolved_klass_index();
 531   int name_index = kslot.name_index();
 532   assert(this_cp->tag_at(name_index).is_symbol(), "sanity");
 533 
 534   Klass* k = this_cp->resolved_klasses()->at(resolved_klass_index);
 535   if (k != NULL) {
 536     return k;
 537   } else {
 538     Thread *thread = Thread::current();
 539     Symbol* name = this_cp->symbol_at(name_index);
 540     oop loader = this_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader();
 541     oop protection_domain = this_cp->pool_holder()->protection_domain();
 542     Handle h_prot (thread, protection_domain);
 543     Handle h_loader (thread, loader);
 544     Klass* k = SystemDictionary::find(name, h_loader, h_prot, thread);
 545 
 546     if (k != NULL) {
 547       // Make sure that resolving is legal
 548       EXCEPTION_MARK;
 549       // return NULL if verification fails
 550       verify_constant_pool_resolve(this_cp, k, THREAD);
 551       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 552         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 553         return NULL;
 554       }
 555       return k;
 556     } else {
 557       return k;
 558     }
 559   }
 560 }
 561 
 562 Method* ConstantPool::method_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool,
 563                                                    int which) {
 564   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return NULL;  // nothing to load yet
 565   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 566   if (!(cache_index >= 0 && cache_index < cpool->cache()->length())) {
 567     // FIXME: should be an assert
 568     log_debug(class, resolve)("bad operand %d in:", which); cpool->print();
 569     return NULL;
 570   }
 571   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 572   return e->method_if_resolved(cpool);
 573 }
 574 
 575 
 576 bool ConstantPool::has_appendix_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which) {
 577   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return false;  // nothing to load yet
 578   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 579   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 580   return e->has_appendix();
 581 }
 582 
 583 oop ConstantPool::appendix_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which) {
 584   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return NULL;  // nothing to load yet
 585   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 586   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 587   return e->appendix_if_resolved(cpool);
 588 }
 589 
 590 
 591 bool ConstantPool::has_method_type_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which) {
 592   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return false;  // nothing to load yet
 593   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 594   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 595   return e->has_method_type();
 596 }
 597 
 598 oop ConstantPool::method_type_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which) {
 599   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return NULL;  // nothing to load yet
 600   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 601   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 602   return e->method_type_if_resolved(cpool);
 603 }
 604 
 605 
 606 Symbol* ConstantPool::impl_name_ref_at(int which, bool uncached) {
 607   int name_index = name_ref_index_at(impl_name_and_type_ref_index_at(which, uncached));
 608   return symbol_at(name_index);
 609 }
 610 
 611 
 612 Symbol* ConstantPool::impl_signature_ref_at(int which, bool uncached) {
 613   int signature_index = signature_ref_index_at(impl_name_and_type_ref_index_at(which, uncached));
 614   return symbol_at(signature_index);
 615 }
 616 
 617 int ConstantPool::impl_name_and_type_ref_index_at(int which, bool uncached) {
 618   int i = which;
 619   if (!uncached && cache() != NULL) {
 620     if (ConstantPool::is_invokedynamic_index(which)) {
 621       // Invokedynamic index is index into the constant pool cache
 622       int pool_index = invokedynamic_cp_cache_entry_at(which)->constant_pool_index();
 623       pool_index = invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(pool_index);
 624       assert(tag_at(pool_index).is_name_and_type(), "");
 625       return pool_index;
 626     }
 627     // change byte-ordering and go via cache
 628     i = remap_instruction_operand_from_cache(which);
 629   } else {
 630     if (tag_at(which).is_invoke_dynamic() ||
 631         tag_at(which).is_dynamic_constant() ||
 632         tag_at(which).is_dynamic_constant_in_error()) {
 633       int pool_index = invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(which);
 634       assert(tag_at(pool_index).is_name_and_type(), "");
 635       return pool_index;
 636     }
 637   }
 638   assert(tag_at(i).is_field_or_method(), "Corrupted constant pool");
 639   assert(!tag_at(i).is_invoke_dynamic() &&
 640          !tag_at(i).is_dynamic_constant() &&
 641          !tag_at(i).is_dynamic_constant_in_error(), "Must be handled above");
 642   jint ref_index = *int_at_addr(i);
 643   return extract_high_short_from_int(ref_index);
 644 }
 645 
 646 constantTag ConstantPool::impl_tag_ref_at(int which, bool uncached) {
 647   int pool_index = which;
 648   if (!uncached && cache() != NULL) {
 649     if (ConstantPool::is_invokedynamic_index(which)) {
 650       // Invokedynamic index is index into resolved_references
 651       pool_index = invokedynamic_cp_cache_entry_at(which)->constant_pool_index();
 652     } else {
 653       // change byte-ordering and go via cache
 654       pool_index = remap_instruction_operand_from_cache(which);
 655     }
 656   }
 657   return tag_at(pool_index);
 658 }
 659 
 660 int ConstantPool::impl_klass_ref_index_at(int which, bool uncached) {
 661   guarantee(!ConstantPool::is_invokedynamic_index(which),
 662             "an invokedynamic instruction does not have a klass");
 663   int i = which;
 664   if (!uncached && cache() != NULL) {
 665     // change byte-ordering and go via cache
 666     i = remap_instruction_operand_from_cache(which);
 667   }
 668   assert(tag_at(i).is_field_or_method(), "Corrupted constant pool");
 669   jint ref_index = *int_at_addr(i);
 670   return extract_low_short_from_int(ref_index);
 671 }
 672 
 673 
 674 
 675 int ConstantPool::remap_instruction_operand_from_cache(int operand) {
 676   int cpc_index = operand;
 677   DEBUG_ONLY(cpc_index -= CPCACHE_INDEX_TAG);
 678   assert((int)(u2)cpc_index == cpc_index, "clean u2");
 679   int member_index = cache()->entry_at(cpc_index)->constant_pool_index();
 680   return member_index;
 681 }
 682 
 683 
 684 void ConstantPool::verify_constant_pool_resolve(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 685   if (!(k->is_instance_klass() || k->is_objArray_klass())) {
 686     return;  // short cut, typeArray klass is always accessible
 687   }
 688   Klass* holder = this_cp->pool_holder();
 689   bool fold_type_to_class = true;
 690   LinkResolver::check_klass_accessability(holder, k, fold_type_to_class, CHECK);
 691 }
 692 
 693 
 694 int ConstantPool::name_ref_index_at(int which_nt) {
 695   jint ref_index = name_and_type_at(which_nt);
 696   return extract_low_short_from_int(ref_index);
 697 }
 698 
 699 
 700 int ConstantPool::signature_ref_index_at(int which_nt) {
 701   jint ref_index = name_and_type_at(which_nt);
 702   return extract_high_short_from_int(ref_index);
 703 }
 704 
 705 
 706 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_ref_at(int which, TRAPS) {
 707   return klass_at(klass_ref_index_at(which), THREAD);
 708 }
 709 
 710 Symbol* ConstantPool::klass_name_at(int which) const {
 711   return symbol_at(klass_slot_at(which).name_index());
 712 }
 713 
 714 Symbol* ConstantPool::klass_ref_at_noresolve(int which) {
 715   jint ref_index = klass_ref_index_at(which);
 716   return klass_at_noresolve(ref_index);
 717 }
 718 
 719 Symbol* ConstantPool::uncached_klass_ref_at_noresolve(int which) {
 720   jint ref_index = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(which);
 721   return klass_at_noresolve(ref_index);
 722 }
 723 
 724 char* ConstantPool::string_at_noresolve(int which) {
 725   return unresolved_string_at(which)->as_C_string();
 726 }
 727 
 728 BasicType ConstantPool::basic_type_for_signature_at(int which) const {
 729   return FieldType::basic_type(symbol_at(which));
 730 }
 731 
 732 
 733 void ConstantPool::resolve_string_constants_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, TRAPS) {
 734   for (int index = 1; index < this_cp->length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
 735     if (this_cp->tag_at(index).is_string()) {
 736       this_cp->string_at(index, CHECK);
 737     }
 738   }
 739 }
 740 
 741 Symbol* ConstantPool::exception_message(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, constantTag tag, oop pending_exception) {
 742   // Dig out the detailed message to reuse if possible
 743   Symbol* message = java_lang_Throwable::detail_message(pending_exception);
 744   if (message != NULL) {
 745     return message;
 746   }
 747 
 748   // Return specific message for the tag
 749   switch (tag.value()) {
 750   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 751     // return the class name in the error message
 752     message = this_cp->klass_name_at(which);
 753     break;
 754   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
 755     // return the method handle name in the error message
 756     message = this_cp->method_handle_name_ref_at(which);
 757     break;
 758   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
 759     // return the method type signature in the error message
 760     message = this_cp->method_type_signature_at(which);
 761     break;
 762   default:
 763     ShouldNotReachHere();
 764   }
 765 
 766   return message;
 767 }
 768 
 769 void ConstantPool::throw_resolution_error(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, TRAPS) {
 770   Symbol* message = NULL;
 771   Symbol* error = SystemDictionary::find_resolution_error(this_cp, which, &message);
 772   assert(error != NULL, "checking");
 773   CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 774   if (message != NULL) {
 775     ResourceMark rm;
 776     THROW_MSG(error, message->as_C_string());
 777   } else {
 778     THROW(error);
 779   }
 780 }
 781 
 782 // If resolution for Class, Dynamic constant, MethodHandle or MethodType fails, save the
 783 // exception in the resolution error table, so that the same exception is thrown again.
 784 void ConstantPool::save_and_throw_exception(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which,
 785                                             constantTag tag, TRAPS) {
 786   Symbol* error = PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->name();
 787 
 788   int error_tag = tag.error_value();
 789 
 790   if (!PENDING_EXCEPTION->
 791     is_a(SystemDictionary::LinkageError_klass())) {
 792     // Just throw the exception and don't prevent these classes from
 793     // being loaded due to virtual machine errors like StackOverflow
 794     // and OutOfMemoryError, etc, or if the thread was hit by stop()
 795     // Needs clarification to section 5.4.3 of the VM spec (see 6308271)
 796   } else if (this_cp->tag_at(which).value() != error_tag) {
 797     Symbol* message = exception_message(this_cp, which, tag, PENDING_EXCEPTION);
 798     SystemDictionary::add_resolution_error(this_cp, which, error, message);
 799     // CAS in the tag.  If a thread beat us to registering this error that's fine.
 800     // If another thread resolved the reference, this is a race condition. This
 801     // thread may have had a security manager or something temporary.
 802     // This doesn't deterministically get an error.   So why do we save this?
 803     // We save this because jvmti can add classes to the bootclass path after
 804     // this error, so it needs to get the same error if the error is first.
 805     jbyte old_tag = Atomic::cmpxchg((jbyte)error_tag,
 806                             (jbyte*)this_cp->tag_addr_at(which), (jbyte)tag.value());
 807     if (old_tag != error_tag && old_tag != tag.value()) {
 808       // MethodHandles and MethodType doesn't change to resolved version.
 809       assert(this_cp->tag_at(which).is_klass(), "Wrong tag value");
 810       // Forget the exception and use the resolved class.
 811       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 812     }
 813   } else {
 814     // some other thread put this in error state
 815     throw_resolution_error(this_cp, which, CHECK);
 816   }
 817 }
 818 
 819 constantTag ConstantPool::constant_tag_at(int which) {
 820   constantTag tag = tag_at(which);
 821   if (tag.is_dynamic_constant() ||
 822       tag.is_dynamic_constant_in_error()) {
 823     // have to look at the signature for this one
 824     Symbol* constant_type = uncached_signature_ref_at(which);
 825     return constantTag::ofBasicType(FieldType::basic_type(constant_type));
 826   }
 827   return tag;
 828 }
 829 
 830 BasicType ConstantPool::basic_type_for_constant_at(int which) {
 831   constantTag tag = tag_at(which);
 832   if (tag.is_dynamic_constant() ||
 833       tag.is_dynamic_constant_in_error()) {
 834     // have to look at the signature for this one
 835     Symbol* constant_type = uncached_signature_ref_at(which);
 836     return FieldType::basic_type(constant_type);
 837   }
 838   return tag.basic_type();
 839 }
 840 
 841 // Called to resolve constants in the constant pool and return an oop.
 842 // Some constant pool entries cache their resolved oop. This is also
 843 // called to create oops from constants to use in arguments for invokedynamic
 844 oop ConstantPool::resolve_constant_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp,
 845                                            int index, int cache_index,
 846                                            bool* status_return, TRAPS) {
 847   oop result_oop = NULL;
 848   Handle throw_exception;
 849 
 850   if (cache_index == _possible_index_sentinel) {
 851     // It is possible that this constant is one which is cached in the objects.
 852     // We'll do a linear search.  This should be OK because this usage is rare.
 853     // FIXME: If bootstrap specifiers stress this code, consider putting in
 854     // a reverse index.  Binary search over a short array should do it.
 855     assert(index > 0, "valid index");
 856     cache_index = this_cp->cp_to_object_index(index);
 857   }
 858   assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel || cache_index >= 0, "");
 859   assert(index == _no_index_sentinel || index >= 0, "");
 860 
 861   if (cache_index >= 0) {
 862     result_oop = this_cp->resolved_references()->obj_at(cache_index);
 863     if (result_oop != NULL) {
 864       if (oopDesc::equals(result_oop, Universe::the_null_sentinel())) {
 865         DEBUG_ONLY(int temp_index = (index >= 0 ? index : this_cp->object_to_cp_index(cache_index)));
 866         assert(this_cp->tag_at(temp_index).is_dynamic_constant(), "only condy uses the null sentinel");
 867         result_oop = NULL;
 868       }
 869       if (status_return != NULL)  (*status_return) = true;
 870       return result_oop;
 871       // That was easy...
 872     }
 873     index = this_cp->object_to_cp_index(cache_index);
 874   }
 875 
 876   jvalue prim_value;  // temp used only in a few cases below
 877 
 878   constantTag tag = this_cp->tag_at(index);
 879 
 880   if (status_return != NULL) {
 881     // don't trigger resolution if the constant might need it
 882     switch (tag.value()) {
 883     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
 884     {
 885       CPKlassSlot kslot = this_cp->klass_slot_at(index);
 886       int resolved_klass_index = kslot.resolved_klass_index();
 887       if (this_cp->resolved_klasses()->at(resolved_klass_index) == NULL) {
 888         (*status_return) = false;
 889         return NULL;
 890       }
 891       // the klass is waiting in the CP; go get it
 892       break;
 893     }
 894     case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
 895     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
 896     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
 897     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
 898     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
 899       // these guys trigger OOM at worst
 900       break;
 901     default:
 902       (*status_return) = false;
 903       return NULL;
 904     }
 905     // from now on there is either success or an OOME
 906     (*status_return) = true;
 907   }
 908 
 909   switch (tag.value()) {
 910 
 911   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 912   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
 913   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
 914     {
 915       assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
 916       Klass* resolved = klass_at_impl(this_cp, index, true, CHECK_NULL);
 917       // ldc wants the java mirror.
 918       result_oop = resolved->java_mirror();
 919       break;
 920     }
 921 
 922   case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
 923     {
 924       Klass* current_klass  = this_cp->pool_holder();
 925       Symbol* constant_name = this_cp->uncached_name_ref_at(index);
 926       Symbol* constant_type = this_cp->uncached_signature_ref_at(index);
 927 
 928       // The initial step in resolving an unresolved symbolic reference to a
 929       // dynamically-computed constant is to resolve the symbolic reference to a
 930       // method handle which will be the bootstrap method for the dynamically-computed
 931       // constant. If resolution of the java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle for the bootstrap
 932       // method fails, then a MethodHandleInError is stored at the corresponding
 933       // bootstrap method's CP index for the CONSTANT_MethodHandle_info. No need to
 934       // set a DynamicConstantInError here since any subsequent use of this
 935       // bootstrap method will encounter the resolution of MethodHandleInError.
 936       oop bsm_info = this_cp->resolve_bootstrap_specifier_at(index, THREAD);
 937       Exceptions::wrap_dynamic_exception(CHECK_NULL);
 938       assert(bsm_info != NULL, "");
 939       // FIXME: Cache this once per BootstrapMethods entry, not once per CONSTANT_Dynamic.
 940       Handle bootstrap_specifier = Handle(THREAD, bsm_info);
 941 
 942       // Resolve the Dynamically-Computed constant to invoke the BSM in order to obtain the resulting oop.
 943       Handle value = SystemDictionary::link_dynamic_constant(current_klass,
 944                                                              index,
 945                                                              bootstrap_specifier,
 946                                                              constant_name,
 947                                                              constant_type,
 948                                                              THREAD);
 949       result_oop = value();
 950       Exceptions::wrap_dynamic_exception(THREAD);
 951       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 952         // Resolution failure of the dynamically-computed constant, save_and_throw_exception
 953         // will check for a LinkageError and store a DynamicConstantInError.
 954         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
 955       }
 956       BasicType type = FieldType::basic_type(constant_type);
 957       if (!is_reference_type(type)) {
 958         // Make sure the primitive value is properly boxed.
 959         // This is a JDK responsibility.
 960         const char* fail = NULL;
 961         if (result_oop == NULL) {
 962           fail = "null result instead of box";
 963         } else if (!is_java_primitive(type)) {
 964           // FIXME: support value types via unboxing
 965           fail = "can only handle references and primitives";
 966         } else if (!java_lang_boxing_object::is_instance(result_oop, type)) {
 967           fail = "primitive is not properly boxed";
 968         }
 969         if (fail != NULL) {
 970           // Since this exception is not a LinkageError, throw exception
 971           // but do not save a DynamicInError resolution result.
 972           // See section 5.4.3 of the VM spec.
 973           THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(), fail);
 974         }
 975       }
 976       break;
 977     }
 978 
 979   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
 980     assert(cache_index != _no_index_sentinel, "should have been set");
 981     if (this_cp->is_pseudo_string_at(index)) {
 982       result_oop = this_cp->pseudo_string_at(index, cache_index);
 983       break;
 984     }
 985     result_oop = string_at_impl(this_cp, index, cache_index, CHECK_NULL);
 986     break;
 987 
 988   case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError:
 989   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
 990   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
 991     {
 992       throw_resolution_error(this_cp, index, CHECK_NULL);
 993       break;
 994     }
 995 
 996   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
 997     {
 998       int ref_kind                 = this_cp->method_handle_ref_kind_at(index);
 999       int callee_index             = this_cp->method_handle_klass_index_at(index);
1000       Symbol*  name =      this_cp->method_handle_name_ref_at(index);
1001       Symbol*  signature = this_cp->method_handle_signature_ref_at(index);
1002       constantTag m_tag  = this_cp->tag_at(this_cp->method_handle_index_at(index));
1003       { ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1004         log_debug(class, resolve)("resolve JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:%d [%d/%d/%d] %s.%s",
1005                               ref_kind, index, this_cp->method_handle_index_at(index),
1006                               callee_index, name->as_C_string(), signature->as_C_string());
1007       }
1008 
1009       Klass* callee = klass_at_impl(this_cp, callee_index, true, CHECK_NULL);
1010 
1011       // Check constant pool method consistency
1012       if ((callee->is_interface() && m_tag.is_method()) ||
1013           ((!callee->is_interface() && m_tag.is_interface_method()))) {
1014         ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1015         char buf[400];
1016         jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
1017           "Inconsistent constant pool data in classfile for class %s. "
1018           "Method %s%s at index %d is %s and should be %s",
1019           callee->name()->as_C_string(), name->as_C_string(), signature->as_C_string(), index,
1020           callee->is_interface() ? "CONSTANT_MethodRef" : "CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodRef",
1021           callee->is_interface() ? "CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodRef" : "CONSTANT_MethodRef");
1022         THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
1023       }
1024 
1025       Klass* klass = this_cp->pool_holder();
1026       Handle value = SystemDictionary::link_method_handle_constant(klass, ref_kind,
1027                                                                    callee, name, signature,
1028                                                                    THREAD);
1029       result_oop = value();
1030       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1031         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
1032       }
1033       break;
1034     }
1035 
1036   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1037     {
1038       Symbol*  signature = this_cp->method_type_signature_at(index);
1039       { ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1040         log_debug(class, resolve)("resolve JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType [%d/%d] %s",
1041                               index, this_cp->method_type_index_at(index),
1042                               signature->as_C_string());
1043       }
1044       Klass* klass = this_cp->pool_holder();
1045       Handle value = SystemDictionary::find_method_handle_type(signature, klass, THREAD);
1046       result_oop = value();
1047       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1048         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
1049       }
1050       break;
1051     }
1052 
1053   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1054     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1055     prim_value.i = this_cp->int_at(index);
1056     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_INT, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
1057     break;
1058 
1059   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1060     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1061     prim_value.f = this_cp->float_at(index);
1062     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_FLOAT, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
1063     break;
1064 
1065   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1066     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1067     prim_value.j = this_cp->long_at(index);
1068     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_LONG, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
1069     break;
1070 
1071   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1072     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1073     prim_value.d = this_cp->double_at(index);
1074     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_DOUBLE, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
1075     break;
1076 
1077   default:
1078     DEBUG_ONLY( tty->print_cr("*** %p: tag at CP[%d/%d] = %d",
1079                               this_cp(), index, cache_index, tag.value()));
1080     assert(false, "unexpected constant tag");
1081     break;
1082   }
1083 
1084   if (cache_index >= 0) {
1085     // Benign race condition:  resolved_references may already be filled in.
1086     // The important thing here is that all threads pick up the same result.
1087     // It doesn't matter which racing thread wins, as long as only one
1088     // result is used by all threads, and all future queries.
1089     oop new_result = (result_oop == NULL ? Universe::the_null_sentinel() : result_oop);
1090     oop old_result = this_cp->resolved_references()
1091       ->atomic_compare_exchange_oop(cache_index, new_result, NULL);
1092     if (old_result == NULL) {
1093       return result_oop;  // was installed
1094     } else {
1095       // Return the winning thread's result.  This can be different than
1096       // the result here for MethodHandles.
1097       if (oopDesc::equals(old_result, Universe::the_null_sentinel()))
1098         old_result = NULL;
1099       return old_result;
1100     }
1101   } else {
1102     assert(!oopDesc::equals(result_oop, Universe::the_null_sentinel()), "");
1103     return result_oop;
1104   }
1105 }
1106 
1107 oop ConstantPool::uncached_string_at(int which, TRAPS) {
1108   Symbol* sym = unresolved_string_at(which);
1109   oop str = StringTable::intern(sym, CHECK_(NULL));
1110   assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(str), "must be string");
1111   return str;
1112 }
1113 
1114 
1115 oop ConstantPool::resolve_bootstrap_specifier_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int index, TRAPS) {
1116   assert((this_cp->tag_at(index).is_invoke_dynamic() ||
1117           this_cp->tag_at(index).is_dynamic_constant()), "Corrupted constant pool");
1118   Handle bsm;
1119   int argc;
1120   {
1121     // JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic is an ordered pair of [bootm, name&mtype], plus optional arguments
1122     // JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic is an ordered pair of [bootm, name&ftype], plus optional arguments
1123     // In both cases, the bootm, being a JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle, has its own cache entry.
1124     // It is accompanied by the optional arguments.
1125     int bsm_index = this_cp->invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(index);
1126     oop bsm_oop = this_cp->resolve_possibly_cached_constant_at(bsm_index, CHECK_NULL);
1127     if (!java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle::is_instance(bsm_oop)) {
1128       THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_LinkageError(), "BSM not an MethodHandle");
1129     }
1130 
1131     // Extract the optional static arguments.
1132     argc = this_cp->invoke_dynamic_argument_count_at(index);
1133 
1134     // if there are no static arguments, return the bsm by itself:
1135     if (argc == 0 && UseBootstrapCallInfo < 2)  return bsm_oop;
1136 
1137     bsm = Handle(THREAD, bsm_oop);
1138   }
1139 
1140   // We are going to return an ordered pair of {bsm, info}, using a 2-array.
1141   objArrayHandle info;
1142   {
1143     objArrayOop info_oop = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), 2, CHECK_NULL);
1144     info = objArrayHandle(THREAD, info_oop);
1145   }
1146 
1147   info->obj_at_put(0, bsm());
1148 
1149   bool use_BSCI;
1150   switch (UseBootstrapCallInfo) {
1151   default: use_BSCI = true;  break;  // stress mode
1152   case 0:  use_BSCI = false; break;  // stress mode
1153   case 1:                            // normal mode
1154     // If we were to support an alternative mode of BSM invocation,
1155     // we'd convert to pull mode here if the BSM could be a candidate
1156     // for that alternative mode.  We can't easily test for things
1157     // like varargs here, but we can get away with approximate testing,
1158     // since the JDK runtime will make up the difference either way.
1159     // For now, exercise the pull-mode path if the BSM is of arity 2,
1160     // or if there is a potential condy loop (see below).
1161     oop mt_oop = java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle::type(bsm());
1162     use_BSCI = (java_lang_invoke_MethodType::ptype_count(mt_oop) == 2);
1163     break;
1164   }
1165 
1166   // Here's a reason to use BSCI even if it wasn't requested:
1167   // If a condy uses a condy argument, we want to avoid infinite
1168   // recursion (condy loops) in the C code.  It's OK in Java,
1169   // because Java has stack overflow checking, so we punt
1170   // potentially cyclic cases from C to Java.
1171   if (!use_BSCI && this_cp->tag_at(index).is_dynamic_constant()) {
1172     bool found_unresolved_condy = false;
1173     for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1174       int arg_index = this_cp->invoke_dynamic_argument_index_at(index, i);
1175       if (this_cp->tag_at(arg_index).is_dynamic_constant()) {
1176         // potential recursion point condy -> condy
1177         bool found_it = false;
1178         this_cp->find_cached_constant_at(arg_index, found_it, CHECK_NULL);
1179         if (!found_it) { found_unresolved_condy = true; break; }
1180       }
1181     }
1182     if (found_unresolved_condy)
1183       use_BSCI = true;
1184   }
1185 
1186   const int SMALL_ARITY = 5;
1187   if (use_BSCI && argc <= SMALL_ARITY && UseBootstrapCallInfo <= 2) {
1188     // If there are only a few arguments, and none of them need linking,
1189     // push them, instead of asking the JDK runtime to turn around and
1190     // pull them, saving a JVM/JDK transition in some simple cases.
1191     bool all_resolved = true;
1192     for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1193       bool found_it = false;
1194       int arg_index = this_cp->invoke_dynamic_argument_index_at(index, i);
1195       this_cp->find_cached_constant_at(arg_index, found_it, CHECK_NULL);
1196       if (!found_it) { all_resolved = false; break; }
1197     }
1198     if (all_resolved)
1199       use_BSCI = false;
1200   }
1201 
1202   if (!use_BSCI) {
1203     // return {bsm, {arg...}}; resolution of arguments is done immediately, before JDK code is called
1204     objArrayOop args_oop = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), argc, CHECK_NULL);
1205     info->obj_at_put(1, args_oop);   // may overwrite with args[0] below
1206     objArrayHandle args(THREAD, args_oop);
1207     copy_bootstrap_arguments_at_impl(this_cp, index, 0, argc, args, 0, true, Handle(), CHECK_NULL);
1208     if (argc == 1) {
1209       // try to discard the singleton array
1210       oop arg_oop = args->obj_at(0);
1211       if (arg_oop != NULL && !arg_oop->is_array()) {
1212         // JVM treats arrays and nulls specially in this position,
1213         // but other things are just single arguments
1214         info->obj_at_put(1, arg_oop);
1215       }
1216     }
1217   } else {
1218     // return {bsm, {arg_count, pool_index}}; JDK code must pull the arguments as needed
1219     typeArrayOop ints_oop = oopFactory::new_typeArray(T_INT, 2, CHECK_NULL);
1220     ints_oop->int_at_put(0, argc);
1221     ints_oop->int_at_put(1, index);
1222     info->obj_at_put(1, ints_oop);
1223   }
1224   return info();
1225 }
1226 
1227 void ConstantPool::copy_bootstrap_arguments_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int index,
1228                                                     int start_arg, int end_arg,
1229                                                     objArrayHandle info, int pos,
1230                                                     bool must_resolve, Handle if_not_available,
1231                                                     TRAPS) {
1232   int argc;
1233   int limit = pos + end_arg - start_arg;
1234   // checks: index in range [0..this_cp->length),
1235   // tag at index, start..end in range [0..argc],
1236   // info array non-null, pos..limit in [0..info.length]
1237   if ((0 >= index    || index >= this_cp->length())  ||
1238       !(this_cp->tag_at(index).is_invoke_dynamic()    ||
1239         this_cp->tag_at(index).is_dynamic_constant()) ||
1240       (0 > start_arg || start_arg > end_arg) ||
1241       (end_arg > (argc = this_cp->invoke_dynamic_argument_count_at(index))) ||
1242       (0 > pos       || pos > limit)         ||
1243       (info.is_null() || limit > info->length())) {
1244     // An index or something else went wrong; throw an error.
1245     // Since this is an internal API, we don't expect this,
1246     // so we don't bother to craft a nice message.
1247     THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_LinkageError(), "bad BSM argument access");
1248   }
1249   // now we can loop safely
1250   int info_i = pos;
1251   for (int i = start_arg; i < end_arg; i++) {
1252     int arg_index = this_cp->invoke_dynamic_argument_index_at(index, i);
1253     oop arg_oop;
1254     if (must_resolve) {
1255       arg_oop = this_cp->resolve_possibly_cached_constant_at(arg_index, CHECK);
1256     } else {
1257       bool found_it = false;
1258       arg_oop = this_cp->find_cached_constant_at(arg_index, found_it, CHECK);
1259       if (!found_it)  arg_oop = if_not_available();
1260     }
1261     info->obj_at_put(info_i++, arg_oop);
1262   }
1263 }
1264 
1265 oop ConstantPool::string_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, int obj_index, TRAPS) {
1266   // If the string has already been interned, this entry will be non-null
1267   oop str = this_cp->resolved_references()->obj_at(obj_index);
1268   assert(!oopDesc::equals(str, Universe::the_null_sentinel()), "");
1269   if (str != NULL) return str;
1270   Symbol* sym = this_cp->unresolved_string_at(which);
1271   str = StringTable::intern(sym, CHECK_(NULL));
1272   this_cp->string_at_put(which, obj_index, str);
1273   assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(str), "must be string");
1274   return str;
1275 }
1276 
1277 
1278 bool ConstantPool::klass_name_at_matches(const InstanceKlass* k, int which) {
1279   // Names are interned, so we can compare Symbol*s directly
1280   Symbol* cp_name = klass_name_at(which);
1281   return (cp_name == k->name());
1282 }
1283 
1284 
1285 // Iterate over symbols and decrement ones which are Symbol*s
1286 // This is done during GC.
1287 // Only decrement the UTF8 symbols. Strings point to
1288 // these symbols but didn't increment the reference count.
1289 void ConstantPool::unreference_symbols() {
1290   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
1291     constantTag tag = tag_at(index);
1292     if (tag.is_symbol()) {
1293       symbol_at(index)->decrement_refcount();
1294     }
1295   }
1296 }
1297 
1298 
1299 // Compare this constant pool's entry at index1 to the constant pool
1300 // cp2's entry at index2.
1301 bool ConstantPool::compare_entry_to(int index1, const constantPoolHandle& cp2,
1302        int index2, TRAPS) {
1303 
1304   // The error tags are equivalent to non-error tags when comparing
1305   jbyte t1 = tag_at(index1).non_error_value();
1306   jbyte t2 = cp2->tag_at(index2).non_error_value();
1307 
1308   if (t1 != t2) {
1309     // Not the same entry type so there is nothing else to check. Note
1310     // that this style of checking will consider resolved/unresolved
1311     // class pairs as different.
1312     // From the ConstantPool* API point of view, this is correct
1313     // behavior. See VM_RedefineClasses::merge_constant_pools() to see how this
1314     // plays out in the context of ConstantPool* merging.
1315     return false;
1316   }
1317 
1318   switch (t1) {
1319   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1320   {
1321     Klass* k1 = klass_at(index1, CHECK_false);
1322     Klass* k2 = cp2->klass_at(index2, CHECK_false);
1323     if (k1 == k2) {
1324       return true;
1325     }
1326   } break;
1327 
1328   case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
1329   {
1330     int recur1 = klass_index_at(index1);
1331     int recur2 = cp2->klass_index_at(index2);
1332     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
1333     if (match) {
1334       return true;
1335     }
1336   } break;
1337 
1338   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1339   {
1340     jdouble d1 = double_at(index1);
1341     jdouble d2 = cp2->double_at(index2);
1342     if (d1 == d2) {
1343       return true;
1344     }
1345   } break;
1346 
1347   case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1348   case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
1349   case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1350   {
1351     int recur1 = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index1);
1352     int recur2 = cp2->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index2);
1353     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
1354     if (match) {
1355       recur1 = uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
1356       recur2 = cp2->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
1357       match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
1358       if (match) {
1359         return true;
1360       }
1361     }
1362   } break;
1363 
1364   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1365   {
1366     jfloat f1 = float_at(index1);
1367     jfloat f2 = cp2->float_at(index2);
1368     if (f1 == f2) {
1369       return true;
1370     }
1371   } break;
1372 
1373   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1374   {
1375     jint i1 = int_at(index1);
1376     jint i2 = cp2->int_at(index2);
1377     if (i1 == i2) {
1378       return true;
1379     }
1380   } break;
1381 
1382   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1383   {
1384     jlong l1 = long_at(index1);
1385     jlong l2 = cp2->long_at(index2);
1386     if (l1 == l2) {
1387       return true;
1388     }
1389   } break;
1390 
1391   case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
1392   {
1393     int recur1 = name_ref_index_at(index1);
1394     int recur2 = cp2->name_ref_index_at(index2);
1395     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
1396     if (match) {
1397       recur1 = signature_ref_index_at(index1);
1398       recur2 = cp2->signature_ref_index_at(index2);
1399       match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
1400       if (match) {
1401         return true;
1402       }
1403     }
1404   } break;
1405 
1406   case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
1407   {
1408     int recur1 = string_index_at(index1);
1409     int recur2 = cp2->string_index_at(index2);
1410     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
1411     if (match) {
1412       return true;
1413     }
1414   } break;
1415 
1416   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1417   {
1418     Symbol* k1 = klass_name_at(index1);
1419     Symbol* k2 = cp2->klass_name_at(index2);
1420     if (k1 == k2) {
1421       return true;
1422     }
1423   } break;
1424 
1425   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1426   {
1427     int k1 = method_type_index_at(index1);
1428     int k2 = cp2->method_type_index_at(index2);
1429     bool match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2, CHECK_false);
1430     if (match) {
1431       return true;
1432     }
1433   } break;
1434 
1435   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1436   {
1437     int k1 = method_handle_ref_kind_at(index1);
1438     int k2 = cp2->method_handle_ref_kind_at(index2);
1439     if (k1 == k2) {
1440       int i1 = method_handle_index_at(index1);
1441       int i2 = cp2->method_handle_index_at(index2);
1442       bool match = compare_entry_to(i1, cp2, i2, CHECK_false);
1443       if (match) {
1444         return true;
1445       }
1446     }
1447   } break;
1448 
1449   case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
1450   {
1451     int k1 = invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
1452     int k2 = cp2->invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
1453     int i1 = invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_specifier_index(index1);
1454     int i2 = cp2->invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_specifier_index(index2);
1455     // separate statements and variables because CHECK_false is used
1456     bool match_entry = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2, CHECK_false);
1457     bool match_operand = compare_operand_to(i1, cp2, i2, CHECK_false);
1458     return (match_entry && match_operand);
1459   } break;
1460 
1461   case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1462   {
1463     int k1 = invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
1464     int k2 = cp2->invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
1465     int i1 = invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_specifier_index(index1);
1466     int i2 = cp2->invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_specifier_index(index2);
1467     // separate statements and variables because CHECK_false is used
1468     bool match_entry = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2, CHECK_false);
1469     bool match_operand = compare_operand_to(i1, cp2, i2, CHECK_false);
1470     return (match_entry && match_operand);
1471   } break;
1472 
1473   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1474   {
1475     Symbol* s1 = unresolved_string_at(index1);
1476     Symbol* s2 = cp2->unresolved_string_at(index2);
1477     if (s1 == s2) {
1478       return true;
1479     }
1480   } break;
1481 
1482   case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1483   {
1484     Symbol* s1 = symbol_at(index1);
1485     Symbol* s2 = cp2->symbol_at(index2);
1486     if (s1 == s2) {
1487       return true;
1488     }
1489   } break;
1490 
1491   // Invalid is used as the tag for the second constant pool entry
1492   // occupied by JVM_CONSTANT_Double or JVM_CONSTANT_Long. It should
1493   // not be seen by itself.
1494   case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: // fall through
1495 
1496   default:
1497     ShouldNotReachHere();
1498     break;
1499   }
1500 
1501   return false;
1502 } // end compare_entry_to()
1503 
1504 
1505 // Resize the operands array with delta_len and delta_size.
1506 // Used in RedefineClasses for CP merge.
1507 void ConstantPool::resize_operands(int delta_len, int delta_size, TRAPS) {
1508   int old_len  = operand_array_length(operands());
1509   int new_len  = old_len + delta_len;
1510   int min_len  = (delta_len > 0) ? old_len : new_len;
1511 
1512   int old_size = operands()->length();
1513   int new_size = old_size + delta_size;
1514   int min_size = (delta_size > 0) ? old_size : new_size;
1515 
1516   ClassLoaderData* loader_data = pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
1517   Array<u2>* new_ops = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, new_size, CHECK);
1518 
1519   // Set index in the resized array for existing elements only
1520   for (int idx = 0; idx < min_len; idx++) {
1521     int offset = operand_offset_at(idx);                       // offset in original array
1522     operand_offset_at_put(new_ops, idx, offset + 2*delta_len); // offset in resized array
1523   }
1524   // Copy the bootstrap specifiers only
1525   Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(operands()->adr_at(2*old_len),
1526                                new_ops->adr_at(2*new_len),
1527                                (min_size - 2*min_len) * sizeof(u2));
1528   // Explicitly deallocate old operands array.
1529   // Note, it is not needed for 7u backport.
1530   if ( operands() != NULL) { // the safety check
1531     MetadataFactory::free_array<u2>(loader_data, operands());
1532   }
1533   set_operands(new_ops);
1534 } // end resize_operands()
1535 
1536 
1537 // Extend the operands array with the length and size of the ext_cp operands.
1538 // Used in RedefineClasses for CP merge.
1539 void ConstantPool::extend_operands(const constantPoolHandle& ext_cp, TRAPS) {
1540   int delta_len = operand_array_length(ext_cp->operands());
1541   if (delta_len == 0) {
1542     return; // nothing to do
1543   }
1544   int delta_size = ext_cp->operands()->length();
1545 
1546   assert(delta_len  > 0 && delta_size > 0, "extended operands array must be bigger");
1547 
1548   if (operand_array_length(operands()) == 0) {
1549     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
1550     Array<u2>* new_ops = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, delta_size, CHECK);
1551     // The first element index defines the offset of second part
1552     operand_offset_at_put(new_ops, 0, 2*delta_len); // offset in new array
1553     set_operands(new_ops);
1554   } else {
1555     resize_operands(delta_len, delta_size, CHECK);
1556   }
1557 
1558 } // end extend_operands()
1559 
1560 
1561 // Shrink the operands array to a smaller array with new_len length.
1562 // Used in RedefineClasses for CP merge.
1563 void ConstantPool::shrink_operands(int new_len, TRAPS) {
1564   int old_len = operand_array_length(operands());
1565   if (new_len == old_len) {
1566     return; // nothing to do
1567   }
1568   assert(new_len < old_len, "shrunken operands array must be smaller");
1569 
1570   int free_base  = operand_next_offset_at(new_len - 1);
1571   int delta_len  = new_len - old_len;
1572   int delta_size = 2*delta_len + free_base - operands()->length();
1573 
1574   resize_operands(delta_len, delta_size, CHECK);
1575 
1576 } // end shrink_operands()
1577 
1578 
1579 void ConstantPool::copy_operands(const constantPoolHandle& from_cp,
1580                                  const constantPoolHandle& to_cp,
1581                                  TRAPS) {
1582 
1583   int from_oplen = operand_array_length(from_cp->operands());
1584   int old_oplen  = operand_array_length(to_cp->operands());
1585   if (from_oplen != 0) {
1586     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = to_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
1587     // append my operands to the target's operands array
1588     if (old_oplen == 0) {
1589       // Can't just reuse from_cp's operand list because of deallocation issues
1590       int len = from_cp->operands()->length();
1591       Array<u2>* new_ops = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, len, CHECK);
1592       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(
1593           from_cp->operands()->adr_at(0), new_ops->adr_at(0), len * sizeof(u2));
1594       to_cp->set_operands(new_ops);
1595     } else {
1596       int old_len  = to_cp->operands()->length();
1597       int from_len = from_cp->operands()->length();
1598       int old_off  = old_oplen * sizeof(u2);
1599       int from_off = from_oplen * sizeof(u2);
1600       // Use the metaspace for the destination constant pool
1601       Array<u2>* new_operands = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, old_len + from_len, CHECK);
1602       int fillp = 0, len = 0;
1603       // first part of dest
1604       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(to_cp->operands()->adr_at(0),
1605                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1606                                    (len = old_off) * sizeof(u2));
1607       fillp += len;
1608       // first part of src
1609       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(from_cp->operands()->adr_at(0),
1610                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1611                                    (len = from_off) * sizeof(u2));
1612       fillp += len;
1613       // second part of dest
1614       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(to_cp->operands()->adr_at(old_off),
1615                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1616                                    (len = old_len - old_off) * sizeof(u2));
1617       fillp += len;
1618       // second part of src
1619       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(from_cp->operands()->adr_at(from_off),
1620                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1621                                    (len = from_len - from_off) * sizeof(u2));
1622       fillp += len;
1623       assert(fillp == new_operands->length(), "");
1624 
1625       // Adjust indexes in the first part of the copied operands array.
1626       for (int j = 0; j < from_oplen; j++) {
1627         int offset = operand_offset_at(new_operands, old_oplen + j);
1628         assert(offset == operand_offset_at(from_cp->operands(), j), "correct copy");
1629         offset += old_len;  // every new tuple is preceded by old_len extra u2's
1630         operand_offset_at_put(new_operands, old_oplen + j, offset);
1631       }
1632 
1633       // replace target operands array with combined array
1634       to_cp->set_operands(new_operands);
1635     }
1636   }
1637 } // end copy_operands()
1638 
1639 
1640 // Copy this constant pool's entries at start_i to end_i (inclusive)
1641 // to the constant pool to_cp's entries starting at to_i. A total of
1642 // (end_i - start_i) + 1 entries are copied.
1643 void ConstantPool::copy_cp_to_impl(const constantPoolHandle& from_cp, int start_i, int end_i,
1644        const constantPoolHandle& to_cp, int to_i, TRAPS) {
1645 
1646 
1647   int dest_i = to_i;  // leave original alone for debug purposes
1648 
1649   for (int src_i = start_i; src_i <= end_i; /* see loop bottom */ ) {
1650     copy_entry_to(from_cp, src_i, to_cp, dest_i, CHECK);
1651 
1652     switch (from_cp->tag_at(src_i).value()) {
1653     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1654     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1655       // double and long take two constant pool entries
1656       src_i += 2;
1657       dest_i += 2;
1658       break;
1659 
1660     default:
1661       // all others take one constant pool entry
1662       src_i++;
1663       dest_i++;
1664       break;
1665     }
1666   }
1667   copy_operands(from_cp, to_cp, CHECK);
1668 
1669 } // end copy_cp_to_impl()
1670 
1671 
1672 // Copy this constant pool's entry at from_i to the constant pool
1673 // to_cp's entry at to_i.
1674 void ConstantPool::copy_entry_to(const constantPoolHandle& from_cp, int from_i,
1675                                         const constantPoolHandle& to_cp, int to_i,
1676                                         TRAPS) {
1677 
1678   int tag = from_cp->tag_at(from_i).value();
1679   switch (tag) {
1680   case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
1681   {
1682     jint ki = from_cp->klass_index_at(from_i);
1683     to_cp->klass_index_at_put(to_i, ki);
1684   } break;
1685 
1686   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1687   {
1688     jdouble d = from_cp->double_at(from_i);
1689     to_cp->double_at_put(to_i, d);
1690     // double takes two constant pool entries so init second entry's tag
1691     to_cp->tag_at_put(to_i + 1, JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid);
1692   } break;
1693 
1694   case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1695   {
1696     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1697     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1698     to_cp->field_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1699   } break;
1700 
1701   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1702   {
1703     jfloat f = from_cp->float_at(from_i);
1704     to_cp->float_at_put(to_i, f);
1705   } break;
1706 
1707   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1708   {
1709     jint i = from_cp->int_at(from_i);
1710     to_cp->int_at_put(to_i, i);
1711   } break;
1712 
1713   case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
1714   {
1715     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1716     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1717     to_cp->interface_method_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1718   } break;
1719 
1720   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1721   {
1722     jlong l = from_cp->long_at(from_i);
1723     to_cp->long_at_put(to_i, l);
1724     // long takes two constant pool entries so init second entry's tag
1725     to_cp->tag_at_put(to_i + 1, JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid);
1726   } break;
1727 
1728   case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1729   {
1730     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1731     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1732     to_cp->method_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1733   } break;
1734 
1735   case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
1736   {
1737     int name_ref_index = from_cp->name_ref_index_at(from_i);
1738     int signature_ref_index = from_cp->signature_ref_index_at(from_i);
1739     to_cp->name_and_type_at_put(to_i, name_ref_index, signature_ref_index);
1740   } break;
1741 
1742   case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
1743   {
1744     jint si = from_cp->string_index_at(from_i);
1745     to_cp->string_index_at_put(to_i, si);
1746   } break;
1747 
1748   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1749   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1750   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
1751   {
1752     // Revert to JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex
1753     int name_index = from_cp->klass_slot_at(from_i).name_index();
1754     assert(from_cp->tag_at(name_index).is_symbol(), "sanity");
1755     to_cp->klass_index_at_put(to_i, name_index);
1756   } break;
1757 
1758   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1759   {
1760     Symbol* s = from_cp->unresolved_string_at(from_i);
1761     to_cp->unresolved_string_at_put(to_i, s);
1762   } break;
1763 
1764   case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1765   {
1766     Symbol* s = from_cp->symbol_at(from_i);
1767     // Need to increase refcount, the old one will be thrown away and deferenced
1768     s->increment_refcount();
1769     to_cp->symbol_at_put(to_i, s);
1770   } break;
1771 
1772   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1773   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
1774   {
1775     jint k = from_cp->method_type_index_at(from_i);
1776     to_cp->method_type_index_at_put(to_i, k);
1777   } break;
1778 
1779   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1780   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
1781   {
1782     int k1 = from_cp->method_handle_ref_kind_at(from_i);
1783     int k2 = from_cp->method_handle_index_at(from_i);
1784     to_cp->method_handle_index_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1785   } break;
1786 
1787   case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
1788   case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError:
1789   {
1790     int k1 = from_cp->invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_specifier_index(from_i);
1791     int k2 = from_cp->invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1792     k1 += operand_array_length(to_cp->operands());  // to_cp might already have operands
1793     to_cp->dynamic_constant_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1794   } break;
1795 
1796   case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1797   {
1798     int k1 = from_cp->invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_specifier_index(from_i);
1799     int k2 = from_cp->invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1800     k1 += operand_array_length(to_cp->operands());  // to_cp might already have operands
1801     to_cp->invoke_dynamic_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1802   } break;
1803 
1804   // Invalid is used as the tag for the second constant pool entry
1805   // occupied by JVM_CONSTANT_Double or JVM_CONSTANT_Long. It should
1806   // not be seen by itself.
1807   case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: // fall through
1808 
1809   default:
1810   {
1811     ShouldNotReachHere();
1812   } break;
1813   }
1814 } // end copy_entry_to()
1815 
1816 // Search constant pool search_cp for an entry that matches this
1817 // constant pool's entry at pattern_i. Returns the index of a
1818 // matching entry or zero (0) if there is no matching entry.
1819 int ConstantPool::find_matching_entry(int pattern_i,
1820       const constantPoolHandle& search_cp, TRAPS) {
1821 
1822   // index zero (0) is not used
1823   for (int i = 1; i < search_cp->length(); i++) {
1824     bool found = compare_entry_to(pattern_i, search_cp, i, CHECK_0);
1825     if (found) {
1826       return i;
1827     }
1828   }
1829 
1830   return 0;  // entry not found; return unused index zero (0)
1831 } // end find_matching_entry()
1832 
1833 
1834 // Compare this constant pool's bootstrap specifier at idx1 to the constant pool
1835 // cp2's bootstrap specifier at idx2.
1836 bool ConstantPool::compare_operand_to(int idx1, const constantPoolHandle& cp2, int idx2, TRAPS) {
1837   int k1 = operand_bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(idx1);
1838   int k2 = cp2->operand_bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(idx2);
1839   bool match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2, CHECK_false);
1840 
1841   if (!match) {
1842     return false;
1843   }
1844   int argc = operand_argument_count_at(idx1);
1845   if (argc == cp2->operand_argument_count_at(idx2)) {
1846     for (int j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
1847       k1 = operand_argument_index_at(idx1, j);
1848       k2 = cp2->operand_argument_index_at(idx2, j);
1849       match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2, CHECK_false);
1850       if (!match) {
1851         return false;
1852       }
1853     }
1854     return true;           // got through loop; all elements equal
1855   }
1856   return false;
1857 } // end compare_operand_to()
1858 
1859 // Search constant pool search_cp for a bootstrap specifier that matches
1860 // this constant pool's bootstrap specifier at pattern_i index.
1861 // Return the index of a matching bootstrap specifier or (-1) if there is no match.
1862 int ConstantPool::find_matching_operand(int pattern_i,
1863                     const constantPoolHandle& search_cp, int search_len, TRAPS) {
1864   for (int i = 0; i < search_len; i++) {
1865     bool found = compare_operand_to(pattern_i, search_cp, i, CHECK_(-1));
1866     if (found) {
1867       return i;
1868     }
1869   }
1870   return -1;  // bootstrap specifier not found; return unused index (-1)
1871 } // end find_matching_operand()
1872 
1873 
1874 #ifndef PRODUCT
1875 
1876 const char* ConstantPool::printable_name_at(int which) {
1877 
1878   constantTag tag = tag_at(which);
1879 
1880   if (tag.is_string()) {
1881     return string_at_noresolve(which);
1882   } else if (tag.is_klass() || tag.is_unresolved_klass()) {
1883     return klass_name_at(which)->as_C_string();
1884   } else if (tag.is_symbol()) {
1885     return symbol_at(which)->as_C_string();
1886   }
1887   return "";
1888 }
1889 
1890 #endif // PRODUCT
1891 
1892 
1893 // JVMTI GetConstantPool support
1894 
1895 // For debugging of constant pool
1896 const bool debug_cpool = false;
1897 
1898 #define DBG(code) do { if (debug_cpool) { (code); } } while(0)
1899 
1900 static void print_cpool_bytes(jint cnt, u1 *bytes) {
1901   const char* WARN_MSG = "Must not be such entry!";
1902   jint size = 0;
1903   u2   idx1, idx2;
1904 
1905   for (jint idx = 1; idx < cnt; idx++) {
1906     jint ent_size = 0;
1907     u1   tag  = *bytes++;
1908     size++;                       // count tag
1909 
1910     printf("const #%03d, tag: %02d ", idx, tag);
1911     switch(tag) {
1912       case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: {
1913         printf("Invalid");
1914         break;
1915       }
1916       case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode: {
1917         printf("Unicode      %s", WARN_MSG);
1918         break;
1919       }
1920       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
1921         u2 len = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1922         char str[128];
1923         if (len > 127) {
1924            len = 127;
1925         }
1926         strncpy(str, (char *) (bytes+2), len);
1927         str[len] = '\0';
1928         printf("Utf8          \"%s\"", str);
1929         ent_size = 2 + len;
1930         break;
1931       }
1932       case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer: {
1933         u4 val = Bytes::get_Java_u4(bytes);
1934         printf("int          %d", *(int *) &val);
1935         ent_size = 4;
1936         break;
1937       }
1938       case JVM_CONSTANT_Float: {
1939         u4 val = Bytes::get_Java_u4(bytes);
1940         printf("float        %5.3ff", *(float *) &val);
1941         ent_size = 4;
1942         break;
1943       }
1944       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long: {
1945         u8 val = Bytes::get_Java_u8(bytes);
1946         printf("long         " INT64_FORMAT, (int64_t) *(jlong *) &val);
1947         ent_size = 8;
1948         idx++; // Long takes two cpool slots
1949         break;
1950       }
1951       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
1952         u8 val = Bytes::get_Java_u8(bytes);
1953         printf("double       %5.3fd", *(jdouble *)&val);
1954         ent_size = 8;
1955         idx++; // Double takes two cpool slots
1956         break;
1957       }
1958       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class: {
1959         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1960         printf("class        #%03d", idx1);
1961         ent_size = 2;
1962         break;
1963       }
1964       case JVM_CONSTANT_String: {
1965         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1966         printf("String       #%03d", idx1);
1967         ent_size = 2;
1968         break;
1969       }
1970       case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref: {
1971         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1972         idx2 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes+2);
1973         printf("Field        #%03d, #%03d", (int) idx1, (int) idx2);
1974         ent_size = 4;
1975         break;
1976       }
1977       case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref: {
1978         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1979         idx2 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes+2);
1980         printf("Method       #%03d, #%03d", idx1, idx2);
1981         ent_size = 4;
1982         break;
1983       }
1984       case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: {
1985         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1986         idx2 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes+2);
1987         printf("InterfMethod #%03d, #%03d", idx1, idx2);
1988         ent_size = 4;
1989         break;
1990       }
1991       case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType: {
1992         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1993         idx2 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes+2);
1994         printf("NameAndType  #%03d, #%03d", idx1, idx2);
1995         ent_size = 4;
1996         break;
1997       }
1998       case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: {
1999         printf("ClassIndex  %s", WARN_MSG);
2000         break;
2001       }
2002       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass: {
2003         printf("UnresolvedClass: %s", WARN_MSG);
2004         break;
2005       }
2006       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
2007         printf("UnresolvedClassInErr: %s", WARN_MSG);
2008         break;
2009       }
2010       case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex: {
2011         printf("StringIndex: %s", WARN_MSG);
2012         break;
2013       }
2014     }
2015     printf(";\n");
2016     bytes += ent_size;
2017     size  += ent_size;
2018   }
2019   printf("Cpool size: %d\n", size);
2020   fflush(0);
2021   return;
2022 } /* end print_cpool_bytes */
2023 
2024 
2025 // Returns size of constant pool entry.
2026 jint ConstantPool::cpool_entry_size(jint idx) {
2027   switch(tag_at(idx).value()) {
2028     case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid:
2029     case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode:
2030       return 1;
2031 
2032     case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
2033       return 3 + symbol_at(idx)->utf8_length();
2034 
2035     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
2036     case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
2037     case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
2038     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
2039     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
2040     case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
2041     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
2042     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
2043       return 3;
2044 
2045     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
2046     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
2047       return 4; //tag, ref_kind, ref_index
2048 
2049     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
2050     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
2051     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
2052     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
2053     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
2054     case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
2055       return 5;
2056 
2057     case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
2058     case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError:
2059     case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
2060       // u1 tag, u2 bsm, u2 nt
2061       return 5;
2062 
2063     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
2064     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
2065       return 9;
2066   }
2067   assert(false, "cpool_entry_size: Invalid constant pool entry tag");
2068   return 1;
2069 } /* end cpool_entry_size */
2070 
2071 
2072 // SymbolHashMap is used to find a constant pool index from a string.
2073 // This function fills in SymbolHashMaps, one for utf8s and one for
2074 // class names, returns size of the cpool raw bytes.
2075 jint ConstantPool::hash_entries_to(SymbolHashMap *symmap,
2076                                           SymbolHashMap *classmap) {
2077   jint size = 0;
2078 
2079   for (u2 idx = 1; idx < length(); idx++) {
2080     u2 tag = tag_at(idx).value();
2081     size += cpool_entry_size(idx);
2082 
2083     switch(tag) {
2084       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
2085         Symbol* sym = symbol_at(idx);
2086         symmap->add_entry(sym, idx);
2087         DBG(printf("adding symbol entry %s = %d\n", sym->as_utf8(), idx));
2088         break;
2089       }
2090       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
2091       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
2092       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
2093         Symbol* sym = klass_name_at(idx);
2094         classmap->add_entry(sym, idx);
2095         DBG(printf("adding class entry %s = %d\n", sym->as_utf8(), idx));
2096         break;
2097       }
2098       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
2099       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
2100         idx++; // Both Long and Double take two cpool slots
2101         break;
2102       }
2103     }
2104   }
2105   return size;
2106 } /* end hash_utf8_entries_to */
2107 
2108 
2109 // Copy cpool bytes.
2110 // Returns:
2111 //    0, in case of OutOfMemoryError
2112 //   -1, in case of internal error
2113 //  > 0, count of the raw cpool bytes that have been copied
2114 int ConstantPool::copy_cpool_bytes(int cpool_size,
2115                                           SymbolHashMap* tbl,
2116                                           unsigned char *bytes) {
2117   u2   idx1, idx2;
2118   jint size  = 0;
2119   jint cnt   = length();
2120   unsigned char *start_bytes = bytes;
2121 
2122   for (jint idx = 1; idx < cnt; idx++) {
2123     u1   tag      = tag_at(idx).value();
2124     jint ent_size = cpool_entry_size(idx);
2125 
2126     assert(size + ent_size <= cpool_size, "Size mismatch");
2127 
2128     *bytes = tag;
2129     DBG(printf("#%03hd tag=%03hd, ", (short)idx, (short)tag));
2130     switch(tag) {
2131       case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: {
2132         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid"));
2133         break;
2134       }
2135       case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode: {
2136         assert(false, "Wrong constant pool tag: JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode");
2137         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode"));
2138         break;
2139       }
2140       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
2141         Symbol* sym = symbol_at(idx);
2142         char*     str = sym->as_utf8();
2143         // Warning! It's crashing on x86 with len = sym->utf8_length()
2144         int       len = (int) strlen(str);
2145         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), (u2) len);
2146         for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
2147             bytes[3+i] = (u1) str[i];
2148         }
2149         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: %s ", str));
2150         break;
2151       }
2152       case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer: {
2153         jint val = int_at(idx);
2154         Bytes::put_Java_u4((address) (bytes+1), *(u4*)&val);
2155         break;
2156       }
2157       case JVM_CONSTANT_Float: {
2158         jfloat val = float_at(idx);
2159         Bytes::put_Java_u4((address) (bytes+1), *(u4*)&val);
2160         break;
2161       }
2162       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long: {
2163         jlong val = long_at(idx);
2164         Bytes::put_Java_u8((address) (bytes+1), *(u8*)&val);
2165         idx++;             // Long takes two cpool slots
2166         break;
2167       }
2168       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
2169         jdouble val = double_at(idx);
2170         Bytes::put_Java_u8((address) (bytes+1), *(u8*)&val);
2171         idx++;             // Double takes two cpool slots
2172         break;
2173       }
2174       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
2175       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
2176       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
2177         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_Class;
2178         Symbol* sym = klass_name_at(idx);
2179         idx1 = tbl->symbol_to_value(sym);
2180         assert(idx1 != 0, "Have not found a hashtable entry");
2181         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2182         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Class: idx=#%03hd, %s", idx1, sym->as_utf8()));
2183         break;
2184       }
2185       case JVM_CONSTANT_String: {
2186         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_String;
2187         Symbol* sym = unresolved_string_at(idx);
2188         idx1 = tbl->symbol_to_value(sym);
2189         assert(idx1 != 0, "Have not found a hashtable entry");
2190         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2191         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_String: idx=#%03hd, %s", idx1, sym->as_utf8()));
2192         break;
2193       }
2194       case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
2195       case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
2196       case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: {
2197         idx1 = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(idx);
2198         idx2 = uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx);
2199         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2200         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
2201         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref: %hd %hd", idx1, idx2));
2202         break;
2203       }
2204       case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType: {
2205         idx1 = name_ref_index_at(idx);
2206         idx2 = signature_ref_index_at(idx);
2207         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2208         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
2209         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType: %hd %hd", idx1, idx2));
2210         break;
2211       }
2212       case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: {
2213         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_Class;
2214         idx1 = klass_index_at(idx);
2215         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2216         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: %hd", idx1));
2217         break;
2218       }
2219       case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex: {
2220         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_String;
2221         idx1 = string_index_at(idx);
2222         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2223         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex: %hd", idx1));
2224         break;
2225       }
2226       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
2227       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError: {
2228         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle;
2229         int kind = method_handle_ref_kind_at(idx);
2230         idx1 = method_handle_index_at(idx);
2231         *(bytes+1) = (unsigned char) kind;
2232         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+2), idx1);
2233         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle: %d %hd", kind, idx1));
2234         break;
2235       }
2236       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
2237       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError: {
2238         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType;
2239         idx1 = method_type_index_at(idx);
2240         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2241         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType: %hd", idx1));
2242         break;
2243       }
2244       case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
2245       case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError: {
2246         *bytes = tag;
2247         idx1 = extract_low_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
2248         idx2 = extract_high_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
2249         assert(idx2 == invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx), "correct half of u4");
2250         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2251         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
2252         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic: %hd %hd", idx1, idx2));
2253         break;
2254       }
2255       case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic: {
2256         *bytes = tag;
2257         idx1 = extract_low_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
2258         idx2 = extract_high_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
2259         assert(idx2 == invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx), "correct half of u4");
2260         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2261         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
2262         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic: %hd %hd", idx1, idx2));
2263         break;
2264       }
2265     }
2266     DBG(printf("\n"));
2267     bytes += ent_size;
2268     size  += ent_size;
2269   }
2270   assert(size == cpool_size, "Size mismatch");
2271 
2272   // Keep temorarily for debugging until it's stable.
2273   DBG(print_cpool_bytes(cnt, start_bytes));
2274   return (int)(bytes - start_bytes);
2275 } /* end copy_cpool_bytes */
2276 
2277 #undef DBG
2278 
2279 
2280 void ConstantPool::set_on_stack(const bool value) {
2281   if (value) {
2282     // Only record if it's not already set.
2283     if (!on_stack()) {
2284       assert(!is_shared(), "should always be set for shared constant pools");
2285       _flags |= _on_stack;
2286       MetadataOnStackMark::record(this);
2287     }
2288   } else {
2289     // Clearing is done single-threadedly.
2290     if (!is_shared()) {
2291       _flags &= ~_on_stack;
2292     }
2293   }
2294 }
2295 
2296 // JSR 292 support for patching constant pool oops after the class is linked and
2297 // the oop array for resolved references are created.
2298 // We can't do this during classfile parsing, which is how the other indexes are
2299 // patched.  The other patches are applied early for some error checking
2300 // so only defer the pseudo_strings.
2301 void ConstantPool::patch_resolved_references(GrowableArray<Handle>* cp_patches) {
2302   for (int index = 1; index < cp_patches->length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
2303     Handle patch = cp_patches->at(index);
2304     if (patch.not_null()) {
2305       assert (tag_at(index).is_string(), "should only be string left");
2306       // Patching a string means pre-resolving it.
2307       // The spelling in the constant pool is ignored.
2308       // The constant reference may be any object whatever.
2309       // If it is not a real interned string, the constant is referred
2310       // to as a "pseudo-string", and must be presented to the CP
2311       // explicitly, because it may require scavenging.
2312       int obj_index = cp_to_object_index(index);
2313       pseudo_string_at_put(index, obj_index, patch());
2314      DEBUG_ONLY(cp_patches->at_put(index, Handle());)
2315     }
2316   }
2317 #ifdef ASSERT
2318   // Ensure that all the patches have been used.
2319   for (int index = 0; index < cp_patches->length(); index++) {
2320     assert(cp_patches->at(index).is_null(),
2321            "Unused constant pool patch at %d in class file %s",
2322            index,
2323            pool_holder()->external_name());
2324   }
2325 #endif // ASSERT
2326 }
2327 
2328 #ifndef PRODUCT
2329 
2330 // CompileTheWorld support. Preload all classes loaded references in the passed in constantpool
2331 void ConstantPool::preload_and_initialize_all_classes(ConstantPool* obj, TRAPS) {
2332   guarantee(obj->is_constantPool(), "object must be constant pool");
2333   constantPoolHandle cp(THREAD, (ConstantPool*)obj);
2334   guarantee(cp->pool_holder() != NULL, "must be fully loaded");
2335 
2336   for (int i = 0; i< cp->length();  i++) {
2337     if (cp->tag_at(i).is_unresolved_klass()) {
2338       // This will force loading of the class
2339       Klass* klass = cp->klass_at(i, CHECK);
2340       if (klass->is_instance_klass()) {
2341         // Force initialization of class
2342         InstanceKlass::cast(klass)->initialize(CHECK);
2343       }
2344     }
2345   }
2346 }
2347 
2348 #endif
2349 
2350 
2351 // Printing
2352 
2353 void ConstantPool::print_on(outputStream* st) const {
2354   assert(is_constantPool(), "must be constantPool");
2355   st->print_cr("%s", internal_name());
2356   if (flags() != 0) {
2357     st->print(" - flags: 0x%x", flags());
2358     if (has_preresolution()) st->print(" has_preresolution");
2359     if (on_stack()) st->print(" on_stack");
2360     st->cr();
2361   }
2362   if (pool_holder() != NULL) {
2363     st->print_cr(" - holder: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(pool_holder()));
2364   }
2365   st->print_cr(" - cache: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(cache()));
2366   st->print_cr(" - resolved_references: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(resolved_references()));
2367   st->print_cr(" - reference_map: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(reference_map()));
2368   st->print_cr(" - resolved_klasses: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(resolved_klasses()));
2369 
2370   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) {      // Index 0 is unused
2371     ((ConstantPool*)this)->print_entry_on(index, st);
2372     switch (tag_at(index).value()) {
2373       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long :
2374       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double :
2375         index++;   // Skip entry following eigth-byte constant
2376     }
2377 
2378   }
2379   st->cr();
2380 }
2381 
2382 // Print one constant pool entry
2383 void ConstantPool::print_entry_on(const int index, outputStream* st) {
2384   EXCEPTION_MARK;
2385   st->print(" - %3d : ", index);
2386   tag_at(index).print_on(st);
2387   st->print(" : ");
2388   switch (tag_at(index).value()) {
2389     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class :
2390       { Klass* k = klass_at(index, CATCH);
2391         guarantee(k != NULL, "need klass");
2392         k->print_value_on(st);
2393         st->print(" {" PTR_FORMAT "}", p2i(k));
2394       }
2395       break;
2396     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref :
2397     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref :
2398     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref :
2399       st->print("klass_index=%d", uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index));
2400       st->print(" name_and_type_index=%d", uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index));
2401       break;
2402     case JVM_CONSTANT_String :
2403       if (is_pseudo_string_at(index)) {
2404         oop anObj = pseudo_string_at(index);
2405         anObj->print_value_on(st);
2406         st->print(" {" PTR_FORMAT "}", p2i(anObj));
2407       } else {
2408         unresolved_string_at(index)->print_value_on(st);
2409       }
2410       break;
2411     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer :
2412       st->print("%d", int_at(index));
2413       break;
2414     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float :
2415       st->print("%f", float_at(index));
2416       break;
2417     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long :
2418       st->print_jlong(long_at(index));
2419       break;
2420     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double :
2421       st->print("%lf", double_at(index));
2422       break;
2423     case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType :
2424       st->print("name_index=%d", name_ref_index_at(index));
2425       st->print(" signature_index=%d", signature_ref_index_at(index));
2426       break;
2427     case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8 :
2428       symbol_at(index)->print_value_on(st);
2429       break;
2430     case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: {
2431         int name_index = *int_at_addr(index);
2432         st->print("klass_index=%d ", name_index);
2433         symbol_at(name_index)->print_value_on(st);
2434       }
2435       break;
2436     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass :               // fall-through
2437     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
2438         CPKlassSlot kslot = klass_slot_at(index);
2439         int resolved_klass_index = kslot.resolved_klass_index();
2440         int name_index = kslot.name_index();
2441         assert(tag_at(name_index).is_symbol(), "sanity");
2442 
2443         Klass* klass = resolved_klasses()->at(resolved_klass_index);
2444         if (klass != NULL) {
2445           klass->print_value_on(st);
2446         } else {
2447           symbol_at(name_index)->print_value_on(st);
2448         }
2449       }
2450       break;
2451     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle :
2452     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError :
2453       st->print("ref_kind=%d", method_handle_ref_kind_at(index));
2454       st->print(" ref_index=%d", method_handle_index_at(index));
2455       break;
2456     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType :
2457     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError :
2458       st->print("signature_index=%d", method_type_index_at(index));
2459       break;
2460     case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic :
2461     case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError :
2462       {
2463         st->print("bootstrap_method_index=%d", invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(index));
2464         st->print(" type_index=%d", invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index));
2465         int argc = invoke_dynamic_argument_count_at(index);
2466         if (argc > 0) {
2467           for (int arg_i = 0; arg_i < argc; arg_i++) {
2468             int arg = invoke_dynamic_argument_index_at(index, arg_i);
2469             st->print((arg_i == 0 ? " arguments={%d" : ", %d"), arg);
2470           }
2471           st->print("}");
2472         }
2473       }
2474       break;
2475     case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic :
2476       {
2477         st->print("bootstrap_method_index=%d", invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(index));
2478         st->print(" name_and_type_index=%d", invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index));
2479         int argc = invoke_dynamic_argument_count_at(index);
2480         if (argc > 0) {
2481           for (int arg_i = 0; arg_i < argc; arg_i++) {
2482             int arg = invoke_dynamic_argument_index_at(index, arg_i);
2483             st->print((arg_i == 0 ? " arguments={%d" : ", %d"), arg);
2484           }
2485           st->print("}");
2486         }
2487       }
2488       break;
2489     default:
2490       ShouldNotReachHere();
2491       break;
2492   }
2493   st->cr();
2494 }
2495 
2496 void ConstantPool::print_value_on(outputStream* st) const {
2497   assert(is_constantPool(), "must be constantPool");
2498   st->print("constant pool [%d]", length());
2499   if (has_preresolution()) st->print("/preresolution");
2500   if (operands() != NULL)  st->print("/operands[%d]", operands()->length());
2501   print_address_on(st);
2502   if (pool_holder() != NULL) {
2503     st->print(" for ");
2504     pool_holder()->print_value_on(st);
2505     bool extra = (pool_holder()->constants() != this);
2506     if (extra)  st->print(" (extra)");
2507   }
2508   if (cache() != NULL) {
2509     st->print(" cache=" PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cache()));
2510   }
2511 }
2512 
2513 #if INCLUDE_SERVICES
2514 // Size Statistics
2515 void ConstantPool::collect_statistics(KlassSizeStats *sz) const {
2516   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_bytes          = sz->count(this));
2517   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_tags_bytes     = sz->count_array(tags()));
2518   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_cache_bytes    = sz->count(cache()));
2519   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_operands_bytes = sz->count_array(operands()));
2520   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_refmap_bytes   = sz->count_array(reference_map()));
2521 
2522   sz->_ro_bytes += sz->_cp_operands_bytes + sz->_cp_tags_bytes +
2523                    sz->_cp_refmap_bytes;
2524   sz->_rw_bytes += sz->_cp_bytes + sz->_cp_cache_bytes;
2525 }
2526 #endif // INCLUDE_SERVICES
2527 
2528 // Verification
2529 
2530 void ConstantPool::verify_on(outputStream* st) {
2531   guarantee(is_constantPool(), "object must be constant pool");
2532   for (int i = 0; i< length();  i++) {
2533     constantTag tag = tag_at(i);
2534     if (tag.is_klass() || tag.is_unresolved_klass()) {
2535       guarantee(klass_name_at(i)->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2536     } else if (tag.is_symbol()) {
2537       CPSlot entry = slot_at(i);
2538       guarantee(entry.get_symbol()->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2539     } else if (tag.is_string()) {
2540       CPSlot entry = slot_at(i);
2541       guarantee(entry.get_symbol()->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2542     }
2543   }
2544   if (cache() != NULL) {
2545     // Note: cache() can be NULL before a class is completely setup or
2546     // in temporary constant pools used during constant pool merging
2547     guarantee(cache()->is_constantPoolCache(), "should be constant pool cache");
2548   }
2549   if (pool_holder() != NULL) {
2550     // Note: pool_holder() can be NULL in temporary constant pools
2551     // used during constant pool merging
2552     guarantee(pool_holder()->is_klass(),    "should be klass");
2553   }
2554 }
2555 
2556 
2557 SymbolHashMap::~SymbolHashMap() {
2558   SymbolHashMapEntry* next;
2559   for (int i = 0; i < _table_size; i++) {
2560     for (SymbolHashMapEntry* cur = bucket(i); cur != NULL; cur = next) {
2561       next = cur->next();
2562       delete(cur);
2563     }
2564   }
2565   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(SymbolHashMapBucket, _buckets);
2566 }
2567 
2568 void SymbolHashMap::add_entry(Symbol* sym, u2 value) {
2569   char *str = sym->as_utf8();
2570   unsigned int hash = compute_hash(str, sym->utf8_length());
2571   unsigned int index = hash % table_size();
2572 
2573   // check if already in map
2574   // we prefer the first entry since it is more likely to be what was used in
2575   // the class file
2576   for (SymbolHashMapEntry *en = bucket(index); en != NULL; en = en->next()) {
2577     assert(en->symbol() != NULL, "SymbolHashMapEntry symbol is NULL");
2578     if (en->hash() == hash && en->symbol() == sym) {
2579         return;  // already there
2580     }
2581   }
2582 
2583   SymbolHashMapEntry* entry = new SymbolHashMapEntry(hash, sym, value);
2584   entry->set_next(bucket(index));
2585   _buckets[index].set_entry(entry);
2586   assert(entry->symbol() != NULL, "SymbolHashMapEntry symbol is NULL");
2587 }
2588 
2589 SymbolHashMapEntry* SymbolHashMap::find_entry(Symbol* sym) {
2590   assert(sym != NULL, "SymbolHashMap::find_entry - symbol is NULL");
2591   char *str = sym->as_utf8();
2592   int   len = sym->utf8_length();
2593   unsigned int hash = SymbolHashMap::compute_hash(str, len);
2594   unsigned int index = hash % table_size();
2595   for (SymbolHashMapEntry *en = bucket(index); en != NULL; en = en->next()) {
2596     assert(en->symbol() != NULL, "SymbolHashMapEntry symbol is NULL");
2597     if (en->hash() == hash && en->symbol() == sym) {
2598       return en;
2599     }
2600   }
2601   return NULL;
2602 }
2603 
2604 void SymbolHashMap::initialize_table(int table_size) {
2605   _table_size = table_size;
2606   _buckets = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(SymbolHashMapBucket, table_size, mtSymbol);
2607   for (int index = 0; index < table_size; index++) {
2608     _buckets[index].clear();
2609   }
2610 }