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src/share/vm/gc/shared/cardTableModRefBS.cpp

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rev 12906 : [mq]: gc_interface

@@ -21,509 +21,180 @@
  * questions.
  *
  */
 
 #include "precompiled.hpp"
+#include "gc/shared/cardTableModRefBSCodeGen.hpp"
+#include "gc/shared/c1CardTableModRefBSCodeGen.hpp"
+#include "gc/shared/c2CardTableModRefBSCodeGen.hpp"
 #include "gc/shared/cardTableModRefBS.inline.hpp"
-#include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.hpp"
-#include "gc/shared/genCollectedHeap.hpp"
-#include "gc/shared/space.inline.hpp"
-#include "memory/virtualspace.hpp"
-#include "logging/log.hpp"
-#include "services/memTracker.hpp"
-#include "utilities/macros.hpp"
 
 // This kind of "BarrierSet" allows a "CollectedHeap" to detect and
 // enumerate ref fields that have been modified (since the last
 // enumeration.)
 
-size_t CardTableModRefBS::compute_byte_map_size()
-{
-  assert(_guard_index == cards_required(_whole_heap.word_size()) - 1,
-                                        "uninitialized, check declaration order");
-  assert(_page_size != 0, "uninitialized, check declaration order");
-  const size_t granularity = os::vm_allocation_granularity();
-  return align_size_up(_guard_index + 1, MAX2(_page_size, granularity));
+void CardTableModRefBS::write_region(MemRegion mr) {
+  _card_table->dirty_MemRegion(mr);
 }
 
-CardTableModRefBS::CardTableModRefBS(
-  MemRegion whole_heap,
-  const BarrierSet::FakeRtti& fake_rtti) :
-  ModRefBarrierSet(fake_rtti.add_tag(BarrierSet::CardTableModRef)),
-  _whole_heap(whole_heap),
-  _guard_index(0),
-  _guard_region(),
-  _last_valid_index(0),
-  _page_size(os::vm_page_size()),
-  _byte_map_size(0),
-  _covered(NULL),
-  _committed(NULL),
-  _cur_covered_regions(0),
-  _byte_map(NULL),
-  byte_map_base(NULL)
-{
-  assert((uintptr_t(_whole_heap.start())  & (card_size - 1))  == 0, "heap must start at card boundary");
-  assert((uintptr_t(_whole_heap.end()) & (card_size - 1))  == 0, "heap must end at card boundary");
-
-  assert(card_size <= 512, "card_size must be less than 512"); // why?
-
-  _covered   = new MemRegion[_max_covered_regions];
-  if (_covered == NULL) {
-    vm_exit_during_initialization("Could not allocate card table covered region set.");
-  }
+void CardTableModRefBS::write_ref_array_region(MemRegion mr) {
+  _card_table->dirty_MemRegion(mr);
 }
 
-void CardTableModRefBS::initialize() {
-  _guard_index = cards_required(_whole_heap.word_size()) - 1;
-  _last_valid_index = _guard_index - 1;
-
-  _byte_map_size = compute_byte_map_size();
-
-  HeapWord* low_bound  = _whole_heap.start();
-  HeapWord* high_bound = _whole_heap.end();
-
-  _cur_covered_regions = 0;
-  _committed = new MemRegion[_max_covered_regions];
-  if (_committed == NULL) {
-    vm_exit_during_initialization("Could not allocate card table committed region set.");
-  }
-
-  const size_t rs_align = _page_size == (size_t) os::vm_page_size() ? 0 :
-    MAX2(_page_size, (size_t) os::vm_allocation_granularity());
-  ReservedSpace heap_rs(_byte_map_size, rs_align, false);
-
-  MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_type((address)heap_rs.base(), mtGC);
-
-  os::trace_page_sizes("Card Table", _guard_index + 1, _guard_index + 1,
-                       _page_size, heap_rs.base(), heap_rs.size());
-  if (!heap_rs.is_reserved()) {
-    vm_exit_during_initialization("Could not reserve enough space for the "
-                                  "card marking array");
-  }
-
-  // The assembler store_check code will do an unsigned shift of the oop,
-  // then add it to byte_map_base, i.e.
-  //
-  //   _byte_map = byte_map_base + (uintptr_t(low_bound) >> card_shift)
-  _byte_map = (jbyte*) heap_rs.base();
-  byte_map_base = _byte_map - (uintptr_t(low_bound) >> card_shift);
-  assert(byte_for(low_bound) == &_byte_map[0], "Checking start of map");
-  assert(byte_for(high_bound-1) <= &_byte_map[_last_valid_index], "Checking end of map");
-
-  jbyte* guard_card = &_byte_map[_guard_index];
-  uintptr_t guard_page = align_size_down((uintptr_t)guard_card, _page_size);
-  _guard_region = MemRegion((HeapWord*)guard_page, _page_size);
-  os::commit_memory_or_exit((char*)guard_page, _page_size, _page_size,
-                            !ExecMem, "card table last card");
-  *guard_card = last_card;
-
-  log_trace(gc, barrier)("CardTableModRefBS::CardTableModRefBS: ");
-  log_trace(gc, barrier)("    &_byte_map[0]: " INTPTR_FORMAT "  &_byte_map[_last_valid_index]: " INTPTR_FORMAT,
-                  p2i(&_byte_map[0]), p2i(&_byte_map[_last_valid_index]));
-  log_trace(gc, barrier)("    byte_map_base: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(byte_map_base));
+BarrierSetCodeGen* CardTableModRefBS::make_code_gen() {
+  return new CardTableModRefBSCodeGen();
 }
 
-CardTableModRefBS::~CardTableModRefBS() {
-  if (_covered) {
-    delete[] _covered;
-    _covered = NULL;
-  }
-  if (_committed) {
-    delete[] _committed;
-    _committed = NULL;
-  }
-}
-
-int CardTableModRefBS::find_covering_region_by_base(HeapWord* base) {
-  int i;
-  for (i = 0; i < _cur_covered_regions; i++) {
-    if (_covered[i].start() == base) return i;
-    if (_covered[i].start() > base) break;
-  }
-  // If we didn't find it, create a new one.
-  assert(_cur_covered_regions < _max_covered_regions,
-         "too many covered regions");
-  // Move the ones above up, to maintain sorted order.
-  for (int j = _cur_covered_regions; j > i; j--) {
-    _covered[j] = _covered[j-1];
-    _committed[j] = _committed[j-1];
-  }
-  int res = i;
-  _cur_covered_regions++;
-  _covered[res].set_start(base);
-  _covered[res].set_word_size(0);
-  jbyte* ct_start = byte_for(base);
-  uintptr_t ct_start_aligned = align_size_down((uintptr_t)ct_start, _page_size);
-  _committed[res].set_start((HeapWord*)ct_start_aligned);
-  _committed[res].set_word_size(0);
-  return res;
-}
-
-int CardTableModRefBS::find_covering_region_containing(HeapWord* addr) {
-  for (int i = 0; i < _cur_covered_regions; i++) {
-    if (_covered[i].contains(addr)) {
-      return i;
-    }
-  }
-  assert(0, "address outside of heap?");
-  return -1;
+C1BarrierSetCodeGen* CardTableModRefBS::make_c1_code_gen() {
+  return new C1CardTableModRefBSCodeGen();
 }
 
-HeapWord* CardTableModRefBS::largest_prev_committed_end(int ind) const {
-  HeapWord* max_end = NULL;
-  for (int j = 0; j < ind; j++) {
-    HeapWord* this_end = _committed[j].end();
-    if (this_end > max_end) max_end = this_end;
-  }
-  return max_end;
+C2BarrierSetCodeGen* CardTableModRefBS::make_c2_code_gen() {
+  return new C2CardTableModRefBSCodeGen();
 }
 
-MemRegion CardTableModRefBS::committed_unique_to_self(int self,
-                                                      MemRegion mr) const {
-  MemRegion result = mr;
-  for (int r = 0; r < _cur_covered_regions; r += 1) {
-    if (r != self) {
-      result = result.minus(_committed[r]);
-    }
-  }
-  // Never include the guard page.
-  result = result.minus(_guard_region);
-  return result;
-}
-
-void CardTableModRefBS::resize_covered_region(MemRegion new_region) {
-  // We don't change the start of a region, only the end.
-  assert(_whole_heap.contains(new_region),
-           "attempt to cover area not in reserved area");
-  debug_only(verify_guard();)
-  // collided is true if the expansion would push into another committed region
-  debug_only(bool collided = false;)
-  int const ind = find_covering_region_by_base(new_region.start());
-  MemRegion const old_region = _covered[ind];
-  assert(old_region.start() == new_region.start(), "just checking");
-  if (new_region.word_size() != old_region.word_size()) {
-    // Commit new or uncommit old pages, if necessary.
-    MemRegion cur_committed = _committed[ind];
-    // Extend the end of this _committed region
-    // to cover the end of any lower _committed regions.
-    // This forms overlapping regions, but never interior regions.
-    HeapWord* const max_prev_end = largest_prev_committed_end(ind);
-    if (max_prev_end > cur_committed.end()) {
-      cur_committed.set_end(max_prev_end);
-    }
-    // Align the end up to a page size (starts are already aligned).
-    jbyte* const new_end = byte_after(new_region.last());
-    HeapWord* new_end_aligned =
-      (HeapWord*) align_size_up((uintptr_t)new_end, _page_size);
-    assert(new_end_aligned >= (HeapWord*) new_end,
-           "align up, but less");
-    // Check the other regions (excludes "ind") to ensure that
-    // the new_end_aligned does not intrude onto the committed
-    // space of another region.
-    int ri = 0;
-    for (ri = ind + 1; ri < _cur_covered_regions; ri++) {
-      if (new_end_aligned > _committed[ri].start()) {
-        assert(new_end_aligned <= _committed[ri].end(),
-               "An earlier committed region can't cover a later committed region");
-        // Any region containing the new end
-        // should start at or beyond the region found (ind)
-        // for the new end (committed regions are not expected to
-        // be proper subsets of other committed regions).
-        assert(_committed[ri].start() >= _committed[ind].start(),
-               "New end of committed region is inconsistent");
-        new_end_aligned = _committed[ri].start();
-        // new_end_aligned can be equal to the start of its
-        // committed region (i.e., of "ind") if a second
-        // region following "ind" also start at the same location
-        // as "ind".
-        assert(new_end_aligned >= _committed[ind].start(),
-          "New end of committed region is before start");
-        debug_only(collided = true;)
-        // Should only collide with 1 region
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-#ifdef ASSERT
-    for (++ri; ri < _cur_covered_regions; ri++) {
-      assert(!_committed[ri].contains(new_end_aligned),
-        "New end of committed region is in a second committed region");
-    }
-#endif
-    // The guard page is always committed and should not be committed over.
-    // "guarded" is used for assertion checking below and recalls the fact
-    // that the would-be end of the new committed region would have
-    // penetrated the guard page.
-    HeapWord* new_end_for_commit = new_end_aligned;
-
-    DEBUG_ONLY(bool guarded = false;)
-    if (new_end_for_commit > _guard_region.start()) {
-      new_end_for_commit = _guard_region.start();
-      DEBUG_ONLY(guarded = true;)
-    }
-
-    if (new_end_for_commit > cur_committed.end()) {
-      // Must commit new pages.
-      MemRegion const new_committed =
-        MemRegion(cur_committed.end(), new_end_for_commit);
-
-      assert(!new_committed.is_empty(), "Region should not be empty here");
-      os::commit_memory_or_exit((char*)new_committed.start(),
-                                new_committed.byte_size(), _page_size,
-                                !ExecMem, "card table expansion");
-    // Use new_end_aligned (as opposed to new_end_for_commit) because
-    // the cur_committed region may include the guard region.
-    } else if (new_end_aligned < cur_committed.end()) {
-      // Must uncommit pages.
-      MemRegion const uncommit_region =
-        committed_unique_to_self(ind, MemRegion(new_end_aligned,
-                                                cur_committed.end()));
-      if (!uncommit_region.is_empty()) {
-        // It is not safe to uncommit cards if the boundary between
-        // the generations is moving.  A shrink can uncommit cards
-        // owned by generation A but being used by generation B.
-        if (!UseAdaptiveGCBoundary) {
-          if (!os::uncommit_memory((char*)uncommit_region.start(),
-                                   uncommit_region.byte_size())) {
-            assert(false, "Card table contraction failed");
-            // The call failed so don't change the end of the
-            // committed region.  This is better than taking the
-            // VM down.
-            new_end_aligned = _committed[ind].end();
-          }
-        } else {
-          new_end_aligned = _committed[ind].end();
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    // In any case, we can reset the end of the current committed entry.
-    _committed[ind].set_end(new_end_aligned);
-
-#ifdef ASSERT
-    // Check that the last card in the new region is committed according
-    // to the tables.
-    bool covered = false;
-    for (int cr = 0; cr < _cur_covered_regions; cr++) {
-      if (_committed[cr].contains(new_end - 1)) {
-        covered = true;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    assert(covered, "Card for end of new region not committed");
-#endif
-
-    // The default of 0 is not necessarily clean cards.
-    jbyte* entry;
-    if (old_region.last() < _whole_heap.start()) {
-      entry = byte_for(_whole_heap.start());
-    } else {
-      entry = byte_after(old_region.last());
-    }
-    assert(index_for(new_region.last()) <  _guard_index,
-      "The guard card will be overwritten");
-    // This line commented out cleans the newly expanded region and
-    // not the aligned up expanded region.
-    // jbyte* const end = byte_after(new_region.last());
-    jbyte* const end = (jbyte*) new_end_for_commit;
-    assert((end >= byte_after(new_region.last())) || collided || guarded,
-      "Expect to be beyond new region unless impacting another region");
-    // do nothing if we resized downward.
-#ifdef ASSERT
-    for (int ri = 0; ri < _cur_covered_regions; ri++) {
-      if (ri != ind) {
-        // The end of the new committed region should not
-        // be in any existing region unless it matches
-        // the start of the next region.
-        assert(!_committed[ri].contains(end) ||
-               (_committed[ri].start() == (HeapWord*) end),
-               "Overlapping committed regions");
-      }
-    }
+void CardTableModRefBS::initialize() {
+  ModRefBarrierSet::initialize();
+  // Used for ReduceInitialCardMarks (when COMPILER2 or JVMCI is used);
+  // otherwise remains unused.
+#if defined(COMPILER2) || INCLUDE_JVMCI
+  _can_elide_tlab_store_barriers = can_elide_tlab_store_barriers();
+  _defer_initial_card_mark = is_server_compilation_mode_vm() && ReduceInitialCardMarks && _can_elide_tlab_store_barriers
+                             && (DeferInitialCardMark || card_mark_must_follow_store());
+#else
+  assert(_defer_initial_card_mark == false, "Who would set it?");
+  assert(_can_elide_tlab_store_barriers == false, "Who would set it?");
 #endif
-    if (entry < end) {
-      memset(entry, clean_card, pointer_delta(end, entry, sizeof(jbyte)));
-    }
-  }
-  // In any case, the covered size changes.
-  _covered[ind].set_word_size(new_region.word_size());
-
-  log_trace(gc, barrier)("CardTableModRefBS::resize_covered_region: ");
-  log_trace(gc, barrier)("    _covered[%d].start(): " INTPTR_FORMAT " _covered[%d].last(): " INTPTR_FORMAT,
-                         ind, p2i(_covered[ind].start()), ind, p2i(_covered[ind].last()));
-  log_trace(gc, barrier)("    _committed[%d].start(): " INTPTR_FORMAT "  _committed[%d].last(): " INTPTR_FORMAT,
-                         ind, p2i(_committed[ind].start()), ind, p2i(_committed[ind].last()));
-  log_trace(gc, barrier)("    byte_for(start): " INTPTR_FORMAT "  byte_for(last): " INTPTR_FORMAT,
-                         p2i(byte_for(_covered[ind].start())),  p2i(byte_for(_covered[ind].last())));
-  log_trace(gc, barrier)("    addr_for(start): " INTPTR_FORMAT "  addr_for(last): " INTPTR_FORMAT,
-                         p2i(addr_for((jbyte*) _committed[ind].start())),  p2i(addr_for((jbyte*) _committed[ind].last())));
-
-  // Touch the last card of the covered region to show that it
-  // is committed (or SEGV).
-  debug_only((void) (*byte_for(_covered[ind].last()));)
-  debug_only(verify_guard();)
-}
-
-// Note that these versions are precise!  The scanning code has to handle the
-// fact that the write barrier may be either precise or imprecise.
-
-void CardTableModRefBS::write_ref_field_work(void* field, oop newVal, bool release) {
-  inline_write_ref_field(field, newVal, release);
 }
 
+CardTableModRefBS::CardTableModRefBS(
+  CardTable* card_table,
+  const BarrierSet::FakeRtti& fake_rtti) :
+  ModRefBarrierSet(fake_rtti.add_tag(BarrierSet::CardTableModRef)),
+  _defer_initial_card_mark(false),
+  _can_elide_tlab_store_barriers(false),
+  _card_table(card_table)
+{}
+
+CardTableModRefBS::CardTableModRefBS(CardTable* card_table) :
+  ModRefBarrierSet(BarrierSet::FakeRtti(BarrierSet::CardTableModRef)),
+  _defer_initial_card_mark(false),
+  _can_elide_tlab_store_barriers(false),
+  _card_table(card_table)
+{}
 
-void CardTableModRefBS::dirty_MemRegion(MemRegion mr) {
-  assert((HeapWord*)align_size_down((uintptr_t)mr.start(), HeapWordSize) == mr.start(), "Unaligned start");
-  assert((HeapWord*)align_size_up  ((uintptr_t)mr.end(),   HeapWordSize) == mr.end(),   "Unaligned end"  );
-  jbyte* cur  = byte_for(mr.start());
-  jbyte* last = byte_after(mr.last());
-  while (cur < last) {
-    *cur = dirty_card;
-    cur++;
-  }
+CardTableModRefBS::~CardTableModRefBS() {
+  delete _card_table;
 }
 
 void CardTableModRefBS::invalidate(MemRegion mr) {
-  assert((HeapWord*)align_size_down((uintptr_t)mr.start(), HeapWordSize) == mr.start(), "Unaligned start");
-  assert((HeapWord*)align_size_up  ((uintptr_t)mr.end(),   HeapWordSize) == mr.end(),   "Unaligned end"  );
-  for (int i = 0; i < _cur_covered_regions; i++) {
-    MemRegion mri = mr.intersection(_covered[i]);
-    if (!mri.is_empty()) dirty_MemRegion(mri);
-  }
-}
-
-void CardTableModRefBS::clear_MemRegion(MemRegion mr) {
-  // Be conservative: only clean cards entirely contained within the
-  // region.
-  jbyte* cur;
-  if (mr.start() == _whole_heap.start()) {
-    cur = byte_for(mr.start());
-  } else {
-    assert(mr.start() > _whole_heap.start(), "mr is not covered.");
-    cur = byte_after(mr.start() - 1);
-  }
-  jbyte* last = byte_after(mr.last());
-  memset(cur, clean_card, pointer_delta(last, cur, sizeof(jbyte)));
-}
-
-void CardTableModRefBS::clear(MemRegion mr) {
-  for (int i = 0; i < _cur_covered_regions; i++) {
-    MemRegion mri = mr.intersection(_covered[i]);
-    if (!mri.is_empty()) clear_MemRegion(mri);
-  }
-}
-
-void CardTableModRefBS::dirty(MemRegion mr) {
-  jbyte* first = byte_for(mr.start());
-  jbyte* last  = byte_after(mr.last());
-  memset(first, dirty_card, last-first);
-}
-
-// Unlike several other card table methods, dirty_card_iterate()
-// iterates over dirty cards ranges in increasing address order.
-void CardTableModRefBS::dirty_card_iterate(MemRegion mr,
-                                           MemRegionClosure* cl) {
-  for (int i = 0; i < _cur_covered_regions; i++) {
-    MemRegion mri = mr.intersection(_covered[i]);
-    if (!mri.is_empty()) {
-      jbyte *cur_entry, *next_entry, *limit;
-      for (cur_entry = byte_for(mri.start()), limit = byte_for(mri.last());
-           cur_entry <= limit;
-           cur_entry  = next_entry) {
-        next_entry = cur_entry + 1;
-        if (*cur_entry == dirty_card) {
-          size_t dirty_cards;
-          // Accumulate maximal dirty card range, starting at cur_entry
-          for (dirty_cards = 1;
-               next_entry <= limit && *next_entry == dirty_card;
-               dirty_cards++, next_entry++);
-          MemRegion cur_cards(addr_for(cur_entry),
-                              dirty_cards*card_size_in_words);
-          cl->do_MemRegion(cur_cards);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-MemRegion CardTableModRefBS::dirty_card_range_after_reset(MemRegion mr,
-                                                          bool reset,
-                                                          int reset_val) {
-  for (int i = 0; i < _cur_covered_regions; i++) {
-    MemRegion mri = mr.intersection(_covered[i]);
-    if (!mri.is_empty()) {
-      jbyte* cur_entry, *next_entry, *limit;
-      for (cur_entry = byte_for(mri.start()), limit = byte_for(mri.last());
-           cur_entry <= limit;
-           cur_entry  = next_entry) {
-        next_entry = cur_entry + 1;
-        if (*cur_entry == dirty_card) {
-          size_t dirty_cards;
-          // Accumulate maximal dirty card range, starting at cur_entry
-          for (dirty_cards = 1;
-               next_entry <= limit && *next_entry == dirty_card;
-               dirty_cards++, next_entry++);
-          MemRegion cur_cards(addr_for(cur_entry),
-                              dirty_cards*card_size_in_words);
-          if (reset) {
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < dirty_cards; i++) {
-              cur_entry[i] = reset_val;
-            }
-          }
-          return cur_cards;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return MemRegion(mr.end(), mr.end());
+  _card_table->invalidate(mr);
 }
 
-uintx CardTableModRefBS::ct_max_alignment_constraint() {
-  return card_size * os::vm_page_size();
-}
-
-void CardTableModRefBS::verify_guard() {
-  // For product build verification
-  guarantee(_byte_map[_guard_index] == last_card,
-            "card table guard has been modified");
-}
-
-void CardTableModRefBS::verify() {
-  verify_guard();
+void CardTableModRefBS::print_on(outputStream* st) const {
+  _card_table->print_on(st);
 }
 
-#ifndef PRODUCT
-void CardTableModRefBS::verify_region(MemRegion mr,
-                                      jbyte val, bool val_equals) {
-  jbyte* start    = byte_for(mr.start());
-  jbyte* end      = byte_for(mr.last());
-  bool failures = false;
-  for (jbyte* curr = start; curr <= end; ++curr) {
-    jbyte curr_val = *curr;
-    bool failed = (val_equals) ? (curr_val != val) : (curr_val == val);
-    if (failed) {
-      if (!failures) {
-        log_error(gc, verify)("== CT verification failed: [" INTPTR_FORMAT "," INTPTR_FORMAT "]", p2i(start), p2i(end));
-        log_error(gc, verify)("==   %sexpecting value: %d", (val_equals) ? "" : "not ", val);
-        failures = true;
-      }
-      log_error(gc, verify)("==   card " PTR_FORMAT " [" PTR_FORMAT "," PTR_FORMAT "], val: %d",
-                            p2i(curr), p2i(addr_for(curr)),
-                            p2i((HeapWord*) (((size_t) addr_for(curr)) + card_size)),
-                            (int) curr_val);
+// Helper for ReduceInitialCardMarks. For performance,
+// compiled code may elide card-marks for initializing stores
+// to a newly allocated object along the fast-path. We
+// compensate for such elided card-marks as follows:
+// (a) Generational, non-concurrent collectors, such as
+//     GenCollectedHeap(ParNew,DefNew,Tenured) and
+//     ParallelScavengeHeap(ParallelGC, ParallelOldGC)
+//     need the card-mark if and only if the region is
+//     in the old gen, and do not care if the card-mark
+//     succeeds or precedes the initializing stores themselves,
+//     so long as the card-mark is completed before the next
+//     scavenge. For all these cases, we can do a card mark
+//     at the point at which we do a slow path allocation
+//     in the old gen, i.e. in this call.
+// (b) GenCollectedHeap(ConcurrentMarkSweepGeneration) requires
+//     in addition that the card-mark for an old gen allocated
+//     object strictly follow any associated initializing stores.
+//     In these cases, the memRegion remembered below is
+//     used to card-mark the entire region either just before the next
+//     slow-path allocation by this thread or just before the next scavenge or
+//     CMS-associated safepoint, whichever of these events happens first.
+//     (The implicit assumption is that the object has been fully
+//     initialized by this point, a fact that we assert when doing the
+//     card-mark.)
+// (c) G1CollectedHeap(G1) uses two kinds of write barriers. When a
+//     G1 concurrent marking is in progress an SATB (pre-write-)barrier
+//     is used to remember the pre-value of any store. Initializing
+//     stores will not need this barrier, so we need not worry about
+//     compensating for the missing pre-barrier here. Turning now
+//     to the post-barrier, we note that G1 needs a RS update barrier
+//     which simply enqueues a (sequence of) dirty cards which may
+//     optionally be refined by the concurrent update threads. Note
+//     that this barrier need only be applied to a non-young write,
+//     but, like in CMS, because of the presence of concurrent refinement
+//     (much like CMS' precleaning), must strictly follow the oop-store.
+//     Thus, using the same protocol for maintaining the intended
+//     invariants turns out, serendepitously, to be the same for both
+//     G1 and CMS.
+//
+// For any future collector, this code should be reexamined with
+// that specific collector in mind, and the documentation above suitably
+// extended and updated.
+void CardTableModRefBS::new_deferred_store_barrier(JavaThread* thread, oop new_obj) {
+  // If a previous card-mark was deferred, flush it now.
+  flush_deferred_store_barrier(thread);
+  if (new_obj->is_typeArray() || _card_table->is_in_young(new_obj)) {
+    // Arrays of non-references don't need a post-barrier.
+    // The deferred_card_mark region should be empty
+    // following the flush above.
+    assert(thread->deferred_card_mark().is_empty(), "Error");
+  } else {
+    MemRegion mr((HeapWord*)new_obj, new_obj->size());
+    assert(!mr.is_empty(), "Error");
+    if (_defer_initial_card_mark) {
+      // Defer the card mark
+      thread->set_deferred_card_mark(mr);
+    } else {
+      // Do the card mark
+      write_region(mr);
     }
   }
-  guarantee(!failures, "there should not have been any failures");
 }
 
-void CardTableModRefBS::verify_not_dirty_region(MemRegion mr) {
-  verify_region(mr, dirty_card, false /* val_equals */);
-}
-
-void CardTableModRefBS::verify_dirty_region(MemRegion mr) {
-  verify_region(mr, dirty_card, true /* val_equals */);
-}
+void CardTableModRefBS::flush_deferred_store_barrier(JavaThread* thread) {
+  MemRegion deferred = thread->deferred_card_mark();
+  if (!deferred.is_empty()) {
+    assert(_defer_initial_card_mark, "Otherwise should be empty");
+    {
+      // Verify that the storage points to a parsable object in heap
+      DEBUG_ONLY(oop old_obj = oop(deferred.start());)
+      assert(!_card_table->is_in_young(old_obj),
+             "Else should have been filtered in new_deferred_store_barrier()");
+      assert(old_obj->is_oop(true), "Not an oop");
+      assert(deferred.word_size() == (size_t)(old_obj->size()),
+             "Mismatch: multiple objects?");
+    }
+    write_region(deferred);
+    // "Clear" the deferred_card_mark field
+    thread->set_deferred_card_mark(MemRegion());
+  }
+  assert(thread->deferred_card_mark().is_empty(), "invariant");
+}
+
+void CardTableModRefBS::on_destroy_thread(JavaThread* thread) {
+  ModRefBarrierSet::on_destroy_thread(thread);
+  flush_deferred_store_barrier(thread);
+}
+
+void CardTableModRefBS::make_parsable(JavaThread* thread) {
+  ModRefBarrierSet::make_parsable(thread);
+#if defined(COMPILER2) || INCLUDE_JVMCI
+  // The deferred store barriers must all have been flushed to the
+  // card-table (or other remembered set structure) before GC starts
+  // processing the card-table (or other remembered set).
+  if (_defer_initial_card_mark) flush_deferred_store_barrier(thread);
+#else
+  assert(!_defer_initial_card_mark, "Should be false");
+  assert(thread->deferred_card_mark().is_empty(), "Should be empty");
 #endif
-
-void CardTableModRefBS::print_on(outputStream* st) const {
-  st->print_cr("Card table byte_map: [" INTPTR_FORMAT "," INTPTR_FORMAT "] byte_map_base: " INTPTR_FORMAT,
-               p2i(_byte_map), p2i(_byte_map + _byte_map_size), p2i(byte_map_base));
 }
 
+bool CardTableModRefBS::card_mark_must_follow_store() const {
+  return _card_table->scanned_concurrently();
+}
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