1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1994, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package java.lang;
  27 
  28 /**
  29  * Thrown when an application attempts to use {@code null} in a
  30  * case where an object is required. These include:
  31  * <ul>
  32  * <li>Calling the instance method of a {@code null} object.
  33  * <li>Accessing or modifying the field of a {@code null} object.
  34  * <li>Taking the length of {@code null} as if it were an array.
  35  * <li>Accessing or modifying the slots of {@code null} as if it
  36  *     were an array.
  37  * <li>Throwing {@code null} as if it were a {@code Throwable}
  38  *     value.
  39  * </ul>
  40  * <p>
  41  * Applications should throw instances of this class to indicate
  42  * other illegal uses of the {@code null} object.
  43  *
  44  * {@code NullPointerException} objects may be constructed by the
  45  * virtual machine as if {@linkplain Throwable#Throwable(String,
  46  * Throwable, boolean, boolean) suppression were disabled and/or the
  47  * stack trace was not writable}.
  48  *
  49  * @author  unascribed
  50  * @since   1.0
  51  */
  52 public class NullPointerException extends RuntimeException {
  53     @java.io.Serial
  54     private static final long serialVersionUID = 5162710183389028792L;
  55 
  56     /**
  57      * Constructs a {@code NullPointerException} with no detail message.
  58      */
  59     public NullPointerException() {
  60         super();
  61     }
  62 
  63     /**
  64      * Constructs a {@code NullPointerException} with the specified
  65      * detail message.
  66      *
  67      * @param   s   the detail message.
  68      */
  69     public NullPointerException(String s) {
  70         super(s);
  71     }
  72 
  73     private int numStackTracesFilledIn = 0;
  74 
  75     /**
  76      * Fills in the execution stack trace. This method records within this
  77      * {@code NullPointerException} object information about the current state of
  78      * the stack frames for the current thread.
  79      *
  80      * <p>If the stack trace of this {@code NullPointerException} {@linkplain
  81      * Throwable#Throwable(String, Throwable, boolean, boolean) is not
  82      * writable}, calling this method has no effect.
  83      *
  84      * @implNote
  85      * This delegates to {@code super.fillInStackTrace()}. In addition,
  86      * it records some internal information used to compute
  87      * the verbose {@code getMessage()} return value.
  88      *
  89      * @return  a reference to this {@code Throwable} instance.
  90      * @see     java.lang.Throwable#printStackTrace()
  91      */
  92     public synchronized Throwable fillInStackTrace() {
  93         Throwable result = super.fillInStackTrace();
  94         if (result == this) numStackTracesFilledIn++;
  95         return result;
  96     }
  97 
  98     /**
  99      * Returns the detail message string of this throwable.
 100      *
 101      * <p> If a non-null message was supplied in a constructor it is
 102      * returned. Otherwise, an implementation specific message or
 103      * {@code null} is returned.
 104      *
 105      * @implNote
 106      * If no explicit message was passed to the constructor, and as
 107      * long as certain internal information is available, a verbose
 108      * description of the null reference is returned.
 109      * The internal information is not available in deserialized
 110      * NullPointerExceptions.
 111      *
 112      * @return the detail message string, which may be {@code null}.
 113      */
 114     public String getMessage() {
 115         String message = super.getMessage();
 116         // If the stack trace was changed the extended NPE algorithm
 117         // will compute a wrong message.
 118         if (message == null && numStackTracesFilledIn == 0) {
 119             return getExtendedNPEMessage();
 120         }
 121         return message;
 122     }
 123 
 124     /**
 125      * Get an extended exception message. This returns a string describing
 126      * the location and cause of the exception. It returns null for
 127      * exceptions where this is not applicable.
 128      */
 129     private native String getExtendedNPEMessage();
 130 }