1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2005, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  */
  23 
  24 /*
  25  * @test
  26  * @bug     6207984 6272521 6192552 6269713 6197726 6260652 5073546 4137464
  27  *          4155650 4216399 4294891 6282555 6318622 6355327 6383475 6420753
  28  *          6431845 4802633 6570566 6570575 6570631 6570924 6691185 6691215
  29  *          4802647 7123424 8024709
  30  * @summary Run many tests on many Collection and Map implementations
  31  * @author  Martin Buchholz
  32  * @run main MOAT
  33  */
  34 
  35 /* Mother Of All (Collection) Tests
  36  *
  37  * Testing of collection classes is often spotty, because many tests
  38  * need to be performed on many implementations, but the onus on
  39  * writing the tests falls on the engineer introducing the new
  40  * implementation.
  41  *
  42  * The idea of this mega-test is that:
  43  *
  44  * An engineer adding a new collection implementation could simply add
  45  * their new implementation to a list of implementations in this
  46  * test's main method.  Any general purpose Collection<Integer> or
  47  * Map<Integer,Integer> class is appropriate.
  48  *
  49  * An engineer fixing a regression could add their regression test here and
  50  * simultaneously test all other implementations.
  51  */
  52 
  53 import java.io.*;
  54 import java.util.*;
  55 import java.util.concurrent.*;
  56 import static java.util.Collections.*;
  57 import java.lang.reflect.*;
  58 
  59 public class MOAT {
  60     public static void realMain(String[] args) {
  61 
  62         testCollection(new NewAbstractCollection<Integer>());
  63         testCollection(new NewAbstractSet<Integer>());
  64         testCollection(new LinkedHashSet<Integer>());
  65         testCollection(new HashSet<Integer>());
  66         testCollection(new Vector<Integer>());
  67         testCollection(new Vector<Integer>().subList(0,0));
  68         testCollection(new ArrayDeque<Integer>());
  69         testCollection(new ArrayList<Integer>());
  70         testCollection(new ArrayList<Integer>().subList(0,0));
  71         testCollection(new LinkedList<Integer>());
  72         testCollection(new LinkedList<Integer>().subList(0,0));
  73         testCollection(new TreeSet<Integer>());
  74         testCollection(Collections.checkedList(new ArrayList<Integer>(), Integer.class));
  75         testCollection(Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<Integer>()));
  76         testCollection(Collections.checkedSet(new HashSet<Integer>(), Integer.class));
  77         testCollection(Collections.checkedSortedSet(new TreeSet<Integer>(), Integer.class));
  78         testCollection(Collections.checkedNavigableSet(new TreeSet<Integer>(), Integer.class));
  79         testCollection(Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<Integer>()));
  80         testCollection(Collections.synchronizedSortedSet(new TreeSet<Integer>()));
  81         testCollection(Collections.synchronizedNavigableSet(new TreeSet<Integer>()));
  82 
  83         testCollection(new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Integer>());
  84         testCollection(new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Integer>().subList(0,0));
  85         testCollection(new CopyOnWriteArraySet<Integer>());
  86         testCollection(new PriorityQueue<Integer>());
  87         testCollection(new PriorityBlockingQueue<Integer>());
  88         testCollection(new ArrayBlockingQueue<Integer>(20));
  89         testCollection(new LinkedBlockingQueue<Integer>(20));
  90         testCollection(new LinkedBlockingDeque<Integer>(20));
  91         testCollection(new ConcurrentLinkedDeque<Integer>());
  92         testCollection(new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<Integer>());
  93         testCollection(new LinkedTransferQueue<Integer>());
  94         testCollection(new ConcurrentSkipListSet<Integer>());
  95         testCollection(Arrays.asList(new Integer(42)));
  96         testCollection(Arrays.asList(1,2,3));
  97         testCollection(nCopies(25,1));
  98         testImmutableList(nCopies(25,1));
  99         testImmutableList(unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(1,2,3)));
 100 
 101         testMap(new HashMap<Integer,Integer>());
 102         testMap(new LinkedHashMap<Integer,Integer>());
 103         testMap(new WeakHashMap<Integer,Integer>());
 104         testMap(new IdentityHashMap<Integer,Integer>());
 105         testMap(new TreeMap<Integer,Integer>());
 106         testMap(new Hashtable<Integer,Integer>());
 107         testMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<Integer,Integer>(10, 0.5f));
 108         testMap(new ConcurrentSkipListMap<Integer,Integer>());
 109         testMap(Collections.checkedMap(new HashMap<Integer,Integer>(), Integer.class, Integer.class));
 110         testMap(Collections.checkedSortedMap(new TreeMap<Integer,Integer>(), Integer.class, Integer.class));
 111         testMap(Collections.checkedNavigableMap(new TreeMap<Integer,Integer>(), Integer.class, Integer.class));
 112         testMap(Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<Integer,Integer>()));
 113         testMap(Collections.synchronizedSortedMap(new TreeMap<Integer,Integer>()));
 114         testMap(Collections.synchronizedNavigableMap(new TreeMap<Integer,Integer>()));
 115 
 116         // Empty collections
 117         final List<Integer> emptyArray = Arrays.asList(new Integer[]{});
 118         testCollection(emptyArray);
 119         testEmptyList(emptyArray);
 120         THROWS(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class,
 121                new Fun(){void f(){ emptyArray.set(0,1); }});
 122         THROWS(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
 123                new Fun(){void f(){ emptyArray.add(0,1); }});
 124 
 125         List<Integer> noOne = nCopies(0,1);
 126         testCollection(noOne);
 127         testEmptyList(noOne);
 128         testImmutableList(noOne);
 129 
 130         Set<Integer> emptySet = emptySet();
 131         testCollection(emptySet);
 132         testEmptySet(emptySet);
 133         testEmptySet(EMPTY_SET);
 134         testEmptySet(Collections.emptySet());
 135         testEmptySet(Collections.emptySortedSet());
 136         testEmptySet(Collections.emptyNavigableSet());
 137         testImmutableSet(emptySet);
 138 
 139         List<Integer> emptyList = emptyList();
 140         testCollection(emptyList);
 141         testEmptyList(emptyList);
 142         testEmptyList(EMPTY_LIST);
 143         testEmptyList(Collections.emptyList());
 144         testImmutableList(emptyList);
 145 
 146         Map<Integer,Integer> emptyMap = emptyMap();
 147         testMap(emptyMap);
 148         testEmptyMap(emptyMap);
 149         testEmptyMap(EMPTY_MAP);
 150         testEmptyMap(Collections.emptyMap());
 151         testEmptyMap(Collections.emptySortedMap());
 152         testEmptyMap(Collections.emptyNavigableMap());
 153         testImmutableMap(emptyMap);
 154         testImmutableMap(Collections.emptyMap());
 155         testImmutableMap(Collections.emptySortedMap());
 156         testImmutableMap(Collections.emptyNavigableMap());
 157 
 158         // Singleton collections
 159         Set<Integer> singletonSet = singleton(1);
 160         equal(singletonSet.size(), 1);
 161         testCollection(singletonSet);
 162         testImmutableSet(singletonSet);
 163 
 164         List<Integer> singletonList = singletonList(1);
 165         equal(singletonList.size(), 1);
 166         testCollection(singletonList);
 167         testImmutableList(singletonList);
 168         testImmutableList(singletonList.subList(0,1));
 169         testImmutableList(singletonList.subList(0,1).subList(0,1));
 170         testEmptyList(singletonList.subList(0,0));
 171         testEmptyList(singletonList.subList(0,0).subList(0,0));
 172 
 173         Map<Integer,Integer> singletonMap = singletonMap(1,2);
 174         equal(singletonMap.size(), 1);
 175         testMap(singletonMap);
 176         testImmutableMap(singletonMap);
 177     }
 178 
 179     private static void checkContainsSelf(Collection<Integer> c) {
 180         check(c.containsAll(c));
 181         check(c.containsAll(Arrays.asList(c.toArray())));
 182         check(c.containsAll(Arrays.asList(c.toArray(new Integer[0]))));
 183     }
 184 
 185     private static void checkContainsEmpty(Collection<Integer> c) {
 186         check(c.containsAll(new ArrayList<Integer>()));
 187     }
 188 
 189     private static <T> void testEmptyCollection(Collection<T> c) {
 190         check(c.isEmpty());
 191         equal(c.size(), 0);
 192         equal(c.toString(),"[]");
 193         equal(c.toArray().length, 0);
 194         equal(c.toArray(new Object[0]).length, 0);
 195         check(c.toArray(new Object[]{42})[0] == null);
 196 
 197         Object[] a = new Object[1]; a[0] = Boolean.TRUE;
 198         equal(c.toArray(a), a);
 199         equal(a[0], null);
 200         testEmptyIterator(c.iterator());
 201     }
 202 
 203     static <T> void testEmptyIterator(final Iterator<T> it) {
 204         if (rnd.nextBoolean())
 205             check(! it.hasNext());
 206 
 207         THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class,
 208                new Fun(){void f(){ it.next(); }});
 209 
 210         try { it.remove(); }
 211         catch (IllegalStateException ignored) { pass(); }
 212         catch (UnsupportedOperationException ignored) { pass(); }
 213         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 214 
 215         if (rnd.nextBoolean())
 216             check(! it.hasNext());
 217     }
 218 
 219     private static void testEmptyList(List<?> c) {
 220         testEmptyCollection(c);
 221         equal(c.hashCode(), 1);
 222         equal2(c, Collections.<Integer>emptyList());
 223     }
 224 
 225     private static <T> void testEmptySet(Set<T> c) {
 226         testEmptyCollection(c);
 227         equal(c.hashCode(), 0);
 228         equal2(c, Collections.<Integer>emptySet());
 229         if (c instanceof NavigableSet<?>)
 230             testEmptyIterator(((NavigableSet<T>)c).descendingIterator());
 231     }
 232 
 233     private static void testImmutableCollection(final Collection<Integer> c) {
 234         THROWS(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
 235                new Fun(){void f(){ c.add(99); }},
 236                new Fun(){void f(){ c.addAll(singleton(99)); }});
 237         if (! c.isEmpty()) {
 238             final Integer first = c.iterator().next();
 239             THROWS(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
 240                    new Fun(){void f(){ c.clear(); }},
 241                    new Fun(){void f(){ c.remove(first); }},
 242                    new Fun(){void f(){ c.removeAll(singleton(first)); }},
 243                    new Fun(){void f(){ c.retainAll(emptyList()); }}
 244                    );
 245         }
 246     }
 247 
 248     private static void testImmutableSet(final Set<Integer> c) {
 249         testImmutableCollection(c);
 250     }
 251 
 252     private static void testImmutableList(final List<Integer> c) {
 253         testList(c);
 254         testImmutableCollection(c);
 255         THROWS(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
 256                new Fun(){void f(){ c.set(0,42); }},
 257                new Fun(){void f(){ c.add(0,42); }},
 258                new Fun(){void f(){ c.addAll(0,singleton(86)); }});
 259         if (! c.isEmpty())
 260             THROWS(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
 261                    new Fun(){void f(){
 262                            Iterator<Integer> it = c.iterator();
 263                            it.next(); it.remove();}},
 264                    new Fun(){void f(){
 265                            ListIterator<Integer> it = c.listIterator();
 266                            it.next(); it.remove();}});
 267     }
 268 
 269     private static void clear(Collection<Integer> c) {
 270         try { c.clear(); }
 271         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 272         testEmptyCollection(c);
 273     }
 274 
 275     private static <K,V> void testEmptyMap(final Map<K,V> m) {
 276         check(m.isEmpty());
 277         equal(m.size(), 0);
 278         equal(m.toString(),"{}");
 279         testEmptySet(m.keySet());
 280         testEmptySet(m.entrySet());
 281         testEmptyCollection(m.values());
 282 
 283         try { check(! m.containsValue(null)); }
 284         catch (NullPointerException ignored) { /* OK */ }
 285         try { check(! m.containsKey(null)); }
 286         catch (NullPointerException ignored) { /* OK */ }
 287         check(! m.containsValue(1));
 288         check(! m.containsKey(1));
 289     }
 290 
 291     private static void testImmutableMap(final Map<Integer,Integer> m) {
 292         THROWS(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
 293                new Fun(){void f(){ m.put(1,1); }},
 294                new Fun(){void f(){ m.putAll(singletonMap(1,1)); }});
 295         if (! m.isEmpty()) {
 296             final Integer first = m.keySet().iterator().next();
 297             THROWS(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
 298                    new Fun(){void f(){ m.remove(first); }},
 299                    new Fun(){void f(){ m.clear(); }});
 300             final Map.Entry<Integer,Integer> me
 301                 = m.entrySet().iterator().next();
 302             Integer key = me.getKey();
 303             Integer val = me.getValue();
 304             THROWS(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
 305                    new Fun(){void f(){ me.setValue(3); }});
 306             equal(key, me.getKey());
 307             equal(val, me.getValue());
 308         }
 309         testImmutableSet(m.keySet());
 310         testImmutableCollection(m.values());
 311         //testImmutableSet(m.entrySet());
 312     }
 313 
 314     private static void clear(Map<?,?> m) {
 315         try { m.clear(); }
 316         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 317         testEmptyMap(m);
 318     }
 319 
 320     private static void oneElement(Collection<Integer> c) {
 321         clear(c);
 322         try {
 323             check(c.add(-42));
 324             equal(c.toString(), "[-42]");
 325             if (c instanceof Set) check(! c.add(-42));
 326         } catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 327         check(! c.isEmpty()); check(c.size() == 1);
 328     }
 329 
 330     private static boolean supportsAdd(Collection<Integer> c) {
 331         try { check(c.add(778347983)); }
 332         catch (UnsupportedOperationException t) { return false; }
 333         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 334 
 335         try {
 336             check(c.contains(778347983));
 337             check(c.remove(778347983));
 338         } catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 339         return true;
 340     }
 341 
 342     private static boolean supportsRemove(Collection<Integer> c) {
 343         try { check(! c.remove(19134032)); }
 344         catch (UnsupportedOperationException t) { return false; }
 345         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 346         return true;
 347     }
 348 
 349     private static void checkFunctionalInvariants(Collection<Integer> c) {
 350         try {
 351             checkContainsSelf(c);
 352             checkContainsEmpty(c);
 353             check(c.size() != 0 ^ c.isEmpty());
 354 
 355             {
 356                 int size = 0;
 357                 for (Integer i : c) size++;
 358                 check(c.size() == size);
 359             }
 360 
 361             check(c.toArray().length == c.size());
 362             check(c.toArray().getClass() == Object[].class
 363                   ||
 364                   // !!!!
 365                   // 6260652: (coll) Arrays.asList(x).toArray().getClass()
 366                   // should be Object[].class
 367                   (c.getClass().getName().equals("java.util.Arrays$ArrayList"))
 368                   );
 369             for (int size : new int[]{0,1,c.size(), c.size()+1}) {
 370                 Integer[] a = c.toArray(new Integer[size]);
 371                 check((size > c.size()) || a.length == c.size());
 372                 int i = 0; for (Integer j : c) check(a[i++] == j);
 373                 check((size <= c.size()) || (a[c.size()] == null));
 374                 check(a.getClass() == Integer[].class);
 375             }
 376 
 377             check(c.equals(c));
 378             if (c instanceof Serializable) {
 379                 //System.out.printf("Serializing %s%n", c.getClass().getName());
 380                 try {
 381                     Object clone = serialClone(c);
 382                     equal(c instanceof Serializable,
 383                           clone instanceof Serializable);
 384                     equal(c instanceof RandomAccess,
 385                           clone instanceof RandomAccess);
 386                     if ((c instanceof List) || (c instanceof Set))
 387                         equal(c, clone);
 388                     else
 389                         equal(new HashSet<Integer>(c),
 390                               new HashSet<Integer>(serialClone(c)));
 391                 } catch (Error xxx) {
 392                     if (! (xxx.getCause() instanceof NotSerializableException))
 393                         throw xxx;
 394                 }
 395             }
 396         }
 397         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 398     }
 399 
 400     //----------------------------------------------------------------
 401     // If add(null) succeeds, contains(null) & remove(null) should succeed
 402     //----------------------------------------------------------------
 403     private static void testNullElement(Collection<Integer> c) {
 404 
 405         try {
 406             check(c.add(null));
 407             if (c.size() == 1)
 408                 equal(c.toString(), "[null]");
 409             try {
 410                 checkFunctionalInvariants(c);
 411                 check(c.contains(null));
 412                 check(c.remove(null));
 413             }
 414             catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 415         }
 416         catch (NullPointerException e) { /* OK */ }
 417         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 418     }
 419 
 420 
 421     //----------------------------------------------------------------
 422     // If add("x") succeeds, contains("x") & remove("x") should succeed
 423     //----------------------------------------------------------------
 424     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 425     private static void testStringElement(Collection<Integer> c) {
 426         Collection x = (Collection)c; // Make type-unsafe
 427         try {
 428             check(x.add("x"));
 429             try {
 430                 check(x.contains("x"));
 431                 check(x.remove("x"));
 432             } catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 433         }
 434         catch (ClassCastException e) { /* OK */ }
 435         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 436     }
 437 
 438     private static void testConcurrentCollection(Collection<Integer> c) {
 439         try {
 440             c.add(1);
 441             Iterator<Integer> it = c.iterator();
 442             check(it.hasNext());
 443             clear(c);
 444             check(it.next() instanceof Integer); // No CME
 445             check(c.isEmpty());
 446         }
 447         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 448     }
 449 
 450     private static void testQueue(Queue<Integer> q) {
 451         q.clear();
 452         for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
 453             testQueueAddRemove(q, null);
 454             testQueueAddRemove(q, 537);
 455             q.add(i);
 456         }
 457         equal(q.size(), 5);
 458         checkFunctionalInvariants(q);
 459         q.poll();
 460         equal(q.size(), 4);
 461         checkFunctionalInvariants(q);
 462         if ((q instanceof LinkedBlockingQueue)   ||
 463             (q instanceof LinkedBlockingDeque)   ||
 464             (q instanceof ConcurrentLinkedDeque) ||
 465             (q instanceof ConcurrentLinkedQueue)) {
 466             testQueueIteratorRemove(q);
 467         }
 468     }
 469 
 470     private static void testQueueAddRemove(final Queue<Integer> q,
 471                                            final Integer e) {
 472         final List<Integer> originalContents = new ArrayList<Integer>(q);
 473         final boolean isEmpty = q.isEmpty();
 474         final boolean isList = (q instanceof List);
 475         final List asList = isList ? (List) q : null;
 476         check(!q.contains(e));
 477         try {
 478             q.add(e);
 479         } catch (NullPointerException npe) {
 480             check(e == null);
 481             return;                     // Null elements not supported
 482         }
 483         check(q.contains(e));
 484         check(q.remove(e));
 485         check(!q.contains(e));
 486         equal(new ArrayList<Integer>(q), originalContents);
 487 
 488         if (q instanceof Deque<?>) {
 489             final Deque<Integer> deq = (Deque<Integer>) q;
 490             final List<Integer> singleton = Collections.singletonList(e);
 491 
 492             // insert, query, remove element at head
 493             if (isEmpty) {
 494                 THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class,
 495                        new Fun(){void f(){ deq.getFirst(); }},
 496                        new Fun(){void f(){ deq.element(); }},
 497                        new Fun(){void f(){ deq.iterator().next(); }});
 498                 check(deq.peekFirst() == null);
 499                 check(deq.peek() == null);
 500             } else {
 501                 check(deq.getFirst() != e);
 502                 check(deq.element() != e);
 503                 check(deq.iterator().next() != e);
 504                 check(deq.peekFirst() != e);
 505                 check(deq.peek() != e);
 506             }
 507             check(!deq.contains(e));
 508             check(!deq.removeFirstOccurrence(e));
 509             check(!deq.removeLastOccurrence(e));
 510             if (isList) {
 511                 check(asList.indexOf(e) == -1);
 512                 check(asList.lastIndexOf(e) == -1);
 513             }
 514             switch (rnd.nextInt(isList ? 4 : 3)) {
 515             case 0: deq.addFirst(e); break;
 516             case 1: check(deq.offerFirst(e)); break;
 517             case 2: deq.push(e); break;
 518             case 3: asList.add(0, e); break;
 519             default: throw new AssertionError();
 520             }
 521             check(deq.peekFirst() == e);
 522             check(deq.getFirst() == e);
 523             check(deq.element() == e);
 524             check(deq.peek() == e);
 525             check(deq.iterator().next() == e);
 526             check(deq.contains(e));
 527             if (isList) {
 528                 check(asList.get(0) == e);
 529                 check(asList.indexOf(e) == 0);
 530                 check(asList.lastIndexOf(e) == 0);
 531                 check(asList.subList(0, 1).equals(singleton));
 532             }
 533             switch (rnd.nextInt(isList ? 11 : 9)) {
 534             case 0: check(deq.pollFirst() == e); break;
 535             case 1: check(deq.removeFirst() == e); break;
 536             case 2: check(deq.remove() == e); break;
 537             case 3: check(deq.pop() == e); break;
 538             case 4: check(deq.removeFirstOccurrence(e)); break;
 539             case 5: check(deq.removeLastOccurrence(e)); break;
 540             case 6: check(deq.remove(e)); break;
 541             case 7: check(deq.removeAll(singleton)); break;
 542             case 8: Iterator it = deq.iterator(); it.next(); it.remove(); break;
 543             case 9: asList.remove(0); break;
 544             case 10: asList.subList(0, 1).clear(); break;
 545             default: throw new AssertionError();
 546             }
 547             if (isEmpty) {
 548                 THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class,
 549                        new Fun(){void f(){ deq.getFirst(); }},
 550                        new Fun(){void f(){ deq.element(); }},
 551                        new Fun(){void f(){ deq.iterator().next(); }});
 552                 check(deq.peekFirst() == null);
 553                 check(deq.peek() == null);
 554             } else {
 555                 check(deq.getFirst() != e);
 556                 check(deq.element() != e);
 557                 check(deq.iterator().next() != e);
 558                 check(deq.peekFirst() != e);
 559                 check(deq.peek() != e);
 560             }
 561             check(!deq.contains(e));
 562             check(!deq.removeFirstOccurrence(e));
 563             check(!deq.removeLastOccurrence(e));
 564             if (isList) {
 565                 check(isEmpty || asList.get(0) != e);
 566                 check(asList.indexOf(e) == -1);
 567                 check(asList.lastIndexOf(e) == -1);
 568             }
 569             equal(new ArrayList<Integer>(deq), originalContents);
 570 
 571             // insert, query, remove element at tail
 572             if (isEmpty) {
 573                 check(deq.peekLast() == null);
 574                 THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class,
 575                        new Fun(){void f(){ deq.getLast(); }});
 576             } else {
 577                 check(deq.peekLast() != e);
 578                 check(deq.getLast() != e);
 579             }
 580             switch (rnd.nextInt(isList ? 6 : 4)) {
 581             case 0: deq.addLast(e); break;
 582             case 1: check(deq.offerLast(e)); break;
 583             case 2: check(deq.add(e)); break;
 584             case 3: deq.addAll(singleton); break;
 585             case 4: asList.addAll(deq.size(), singleton); break;
 586             case 5: asList.add(deq.size(), e); break;
 587             default: throw new AssertionError();
 588             }
 589             check(deq.peekLast() == e);
 590             check(deq.getLast() == e);
 591             check(deq.contains(e));
 592             if (isList) {
 593                 ListIterator it = asList.listIterator(asList.size());
 594                 check(it.previous() == e);
 595                 check(asList.get(asList.size() - 1) == e);
 596                 check(asList.indexOf(e) == asList.size() - 1);
 597                 check(asList.lastIndexOf(e) == asList.size() - 1);
 598                 int size = asList.size();
 599                 check(asList.subList(size - 1, size).equals(singleton));
 600             }
 601             switch (rnd.nextInt(isList ? 8 : 6)) {
 602             case 0: check(deq.pollLast() == e); break;
 603             case 1: check(deq.removeLast() == e); break;
 604             case 2: check(deq.removeFirstOccurrence(e)); break;
 605             case 3: check(deq.removeLastOccurrence(e)); break;
 606             case 4: check(deq.remove(e)); break;
 607             case 5: check(deq.removeAll(singleton)); break;
 608             case 6: asList.remove(asList.size() - 1); break;
 609             case 7:
 610                 ListIterator it = asList.listIterator(asList.size());
 611                 it.previous();
 612                 it.remove();
 613                 break;
 614             default: throw new AssertionError();
 615             }
 616             if (isEmpty) {
 617                 check(deq.peekLast() == null);
 618                 THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class,
 619                        new Fun(){void f(){ deq.getLast(); }});
 620             } else {
 621                 check(deq.peekLast() != e);
 622                 check(deq.getLast() != e);
 623             }
 624             check(!deq.contains(e));
 625             equal(new ArrayList<Integer>(deq), originalContents);
 626 
 627             // Test operations on empty deque
 628             switch (rnd.nextInt(isList ? 4 : 2)) {
 629             case 0: deq.clear(); break;
 630             case 1:
 631                 Iterator it = deq.iterator();
 632                 while (it.hasNext()) {
 633                     it.next();
 634                     it.remove();
 635                 }
 636                 break;
 637             case 2: asList.subList(0, asList.size()).clear(); break;
 638             case 3:
 639                 ListIterator lit = asList.listIterator(asList.size());
 640                 while (lit.hasPrevious()) {
 641                     lit.previous();
 642                     lit.remove();
 643                 }
 644                 break;
 645             default: throw new AssertionError();
 646             }
 647             testEmptyCollection(deq);
 648             check(!deq.iterator().hasNext());
 649             if (isList) {
 650                 check(!asList.listIterator().hasPrevious());
 651                 THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class,
 652                        new Fun(){void f(){ asList.listIterator().previous(); }});
 653             }
 654             THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class,
 655                    new Fun(){void f(){ deq.iterator().next(); }},
 656                    new Fun(){void f(){ deq.element(); }},
 657                    new Fun(){void f(){ deq.getFirst(); }},
 658                    new Fun(){void f(){ deq.getLast(); }},
 659                    new Fun(){void f(){ deq.pop(); }},
 660                    new Fun(){void f(){ deq.remove(); }},
 661                    new Fun(){void f(){ deq.removeFirst(); }},
 662                    new Fun(){void f(){ deq.removeLast(); }});
 663 
 664             check(deq.poll() == null);
 665             check(deq.pollFirst() == null);
 666             check(deq.pollLast() == null);
 667             check(deq.peek() == null);
 668             check(deq.peekFirst() == null);
 669             check(deq.peekLast() == null);
 670             check(!deq.removeFirstOccurrence(e));
 671             check(!deq.removeLastOccurrence(e));
 672 
 673             check(deq.addAll(originalContents) == !isEmpty);
 674             equal(new ArrayList<Integer>(deq), originalContents);
 675             check(!deq.addAll(Collections.<Integer>emptyList()));
 676             equal(new ArrayList<Integer>(deq), originalContents);
 677         }
 678     }
 679 
 680     private static void testQueueIteratorRemove(Queue<Integer> q) {
 681         System.err.printf("testQueueIteratorRemove %s%n",
 682                           q.getClass().getSimpleName());
 683         q.clear();
 684         for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
 685             q.add(i);
 686         Iterator<Integer> it = q.iterator();
 687         check(it.hasNext());
 688         for (int i = 3; i >= 0; i--)
 689             q.remove(i);
 690         equal(it.next(), 0);
 691         equal(it.next(), 4);
 692 
 693         q.clear();
 694         for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
 695             q.add(i);
 696         it = q.iterator();
 697         equal(it.next(), 0);
 698         check(it.hasNext());
 699         for (int i = 1; i < 4; i++)
 700             q.remove(i);
 701         equal(it.next(), 1);
 702         equal(it.next(), 4);
 703     }
 704 
 705     private static void testList(final List<Integer> l) {
 706         //----------------------------------------------------------------
 707         // 4802633: (coll) AbstractList.addAll(-1,emptyCollection)
 708         // doesn't throw IndexOutOfBoundsException
 709         //----------------------------------------------------------------
 710         try {
 711             l.addAll(-1, Collections.<Integer>emptyList());
 712             fail("Expected IndexOutOfBoundsException not thrown");
 713         }
 714         catch (UnsupportedOperationException ignored) {/* OK */}
 715         catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ignored) {/* OK */}
 716         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 717 
 718 //      equal(l instanceof Serializable,
 719 //            l.subList(0,0) instanceof Serializable);
 720         if (l.subList(0,0) instanceof Serializable)
 721             check(l instanceof Serializable);
 722 
 723         equal(l instanceof RandomAccess,
 724               l.subList(0,0) instanceof RandomAccess);
 725 
 726         l.iterator();
 727         l.listIterator();
 728         l.listIterator(0);
 729         l.listIterator(l.size());
 730         THROWS(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class,
 731                new Fun(){void f(){l.listIterator(-1);}},
 732                new Fun(){void f(){l.listIterator(l.size() + 1);}});
 733 
 734         if (l instanceof AbstractList) {
 735             try {
 736                 int size = l.size();
 737                 AbstractList<Integer> abList = (AbstractList<Integer>) l;
 738                 Method m = AbstractList.class.getDeclaredMethod("removeRange", new Class[] { int.class, int.class });
 739                 m.setAccessible(true);
 740                 m.invoke(abList, new Object[] { 0, 0 });
 741                 m.invoke(abList, new Object[] { size, size });
 742                 equal(size, l.size());
 743             }
 744             catch (UnsupportedOperationException ignored) {/* OK */}
 745             catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 746         }
 747     }
 748 
 749     private static void testCollection(Collection<Integer> c) {
 750         try { testCollection1(c); }
 751         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 752     }
 753 
 754     private static void testCollection1(Collection<Integer> c) {
 755 
 756         System.out.println("\n==> " + c.getClass().getName());
 757 
 758         checkFunctionalInvariants(c);
 759 
 760         if (! supportsAdd(c)) return;
 761         //System.out.println("add() supported");
 762 
 763         if (c instanceof NavigableSet) {
 764             System.out.println("NavigableSet tests...");
 765 
 766             NavigableSet<Integer> ns = (NavigableSet<Integer>)c;
 767             testNavigableSet(ns);
 768             testNavigableSet(ns.headSet(6, false));
 769             testNavigableSet(ns.headSet(5, true));
 770             testNavigableSet(ns.tailSet(0, false));
 771             testNavigableSet(ns.tailSet(1, true));
 772             testNavigableSet(ns.subSet(0, false, 5, true));
 773             testNavigableSet(ns.subSet(1, true, 6, false));
 774         }
 775 
 776         if (c instanceof Queue)
 777             testQueue((Queue<Integer>)c);
 778 
 779         if (c instanceof List)
 780             testList((List<Integer>)c);
 781 
 782         check(supportsRemove(c));
 783 
 784         try {
 785             oneElement(c);
 786             checkFunctionalInvariants(c);
 787         }
 788         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 789 
 790         clear(c);      testNullElement(c);
 791         oneElement(c); testNullElement(c);
 792 
 793         clear(c);      testStringElement(c);
 794         oneElement(c); testStringElement(c);
 795 
 796         if (c.getClass().getName().matches(".*concurrent.*"))
 797             testConcurrentCollection(c);
 798 
 799         //----------------------------------------------------------------
 800         // The "all" operations should throw NPE when passed null
 801         //----------------------------------------------------------------
 802         {
 803             clear(c);
 804             try {
 805                 c.removeAll(null);
 806                 fail("Expected NullPointerException");
 807             }
 808             catch (NullPointerException e) { pass(); }
 809             catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 810 
 811             oneElement(c);
 812             try {
 813                 c.removeAll(null);
 814                 fail("Expected NullPointerException");
 815             }
 816             catch (NullPointerException e) { pass(); }
 817             catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 818 
 819             clear(c);
 820             try {
 821                 c.retainAll(null);
 822                 fail("Expected NullPointerException");
 823             }
 824             catch (NullPointerException e) { pass(); }
 825             catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 826 
 827             oneElement(c);
 828             try {
 829                 c.retainAll(null);
 830                 fail("Expected NullPointerException");
 831             }
 832             catch (NullPointerException e) { pass(); }
 833             catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 834 
 835             oneElement(c);
 836             try {
 837                 c.addAll(null);
 838                 fail("Expected NullPointerException");
 839             }
 840             catch (NullPointerException e) { pass(); }
 841             catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 842 
 843             oneElement(c);
 844             try {
 845                 c.containsAll(null);
 846                 fail("Expected NullPointerException");
 847             }
 848             catch (NullPointerException e) { pass(); }
 849             catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 850         }
 851     }
 852 
 853     //----------------------------------------------------------------
 854     // Map
 855     //----------------------------------------------------------------
 856     private static void checkFunctionalInvariants(Map<Integer,Integer> m) {
 857         check(m.keySet().size() == m.entrySet().size());
 858         check(m.keySet().size() == m.size());
 859         checkFunctionalInvariants(m.keySet());
 860         checkFunctionalInvariants(m.values());
 861         check(m.size() != 0 ^ m.isEmpty());
 862     }
 863 
 864     private static void testMap(Map<Integer,Integer> m) {
 865         System.out.println("\n==> " + m.getClass().getName());
 866 
 867         if (m instanceof ConcurrentMap)
 868             testConcurrentMap((ConcurrentMap<Integer,Integer>) m);
 869 
 870         if (m instanceof NavigableMap) {
 871             System.out.println("NavigableMap tests...");
 872 
 873             NavigableMap<Integer,Integer> nm =
 874                 (NavigableMap<Integer,Integer>) m;
 875             testNavigableMapRemovers(nm);
 876             testNavigableMap(nm);
 877             testNavigableMap(nm.headMap(6, false));
 878             testNavigableMap(nm.headMap(5, true));
 879             testNavigableMap(nm.tailMap(0, false));
 880             testNavigableMap(nm.tailMap(1, true));
 881             testNavigableMap(nm.subMap(1, true, 6, false));
 882             testNavigableMap(nm.subMap(0, false, 5, true));
 883         }
 884 
 885         checkFunctionalInvariants(m);
 886 
 887         if (supportsClear(m)) {
 888             try { clear(m); }
 889             catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 890         }
 891 
 892         if (supportsPut(m)) {
 893             try {
 894                 check(m.put(3333, 77777) == null);
 895                 check(m.put(9134, 74982) == null);
 896                 check(m.get(9134) == 74982);
 897                 check(m.put(9134, 1382) == 74982);
 898                 check(m.get(9134) == 1382);
 899                 check(m.size() == 2);
 900                 checkFunctionalInvariants(m);
 901                 checkNPEConsistency(m);
 902             }
 903             catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 904         }
 905     }
 906 
 907     private static boolean supportsPut(Map<Integer,Integer> m) {
 908         // We're asking for .equals(...) semantics
 909         if (m instanceof IdentityHashMap) return false;
 910 
 911         try { check(m.put(778347983,12735) == null); }
 912         catch (UnsupportedOperationException t) { return false; }
 913         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 914 
 915         try {
 916             check(m.containsKey(778347983));
 917             check(m.remove(778347983) != null);
 918         } catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 919         return true;
 920     }
 921 
 922     private static boolean supportsClear(Map<?,?> m) {
 923         try { m.clear(); }
 924         catch (UnsupportedOperationException t) { return false; }
 925         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 926         return true;
 927     }
 928 
 929     //----------------------------------------------------------------
 930     // ConcurrentMap
 931     //----------------------------------------------------------------
 932     private static void testConcurrentMap(ConcurrentMap<Integer,Integer> m) {
 933         System.out.println("ConcurrentMap tests...");
 934 
 935         try {
 936             clear(m);
 937 
 938             check(m.putIfAbsent(18357,7346) == null);
 939             check(m.containsKey(18357));
 940             check(m.putIfAbsent(18357,8263) == 7346);
 941             try { m.putIfAbsent(18357,null); fail("NPE"); }
 942             catch (NullPointerException t) { }
 943             check(m.containsKey(18357));
 944 
 945             check(! m.replace(18357,8888,7777));
 946             check(m.containsKey(18357));
 947             try { m.replace(18357,null,7777); fail("NPE"); }
 948             catch (NullPointerException t) { }
 949             check(m.containsKey(18357));
 950             check(m.get(18357) == 7346);
 951             check(m.replace(18357,7346,5555));
 952             check(m.replace(18357,5555,7346));
 953             check(m.get(18357) == 7346);
 954 
 955             check(m.replace(92347,7834) == null);
 956             try { m.replace(18357,null); fail("NPE"); }
 957             catch (NullPointerException t) { }
 958             check(m.replace(18357,7346) == 7346);
 959             check(m.replace(18357,5555) == 7346);
 960             check(m.get(18357) == 5555);
 961             check(m.replace(18357,7346) == 5555);
 962             check(m.get(18357) == 7346);
 963 
 964             check(! m.remove(18357,9999));
 965             check(m.get(18357) == 7346);
 966             check(m.containsKey(18357));
 967             check(! m.remove(18357,null)); // 6272521
 968             check(m.get(18357) == 7346);
 969             check(m.remove(18357,7346));
 970             check(m.get(18357) == null);
 971             check(! m.containsKey(18357));
 972             check(m.isEmpty());
 973 
 974             m.putIfAbsent(1,2);
 975             check(m.size() == 1);
 976             check(! m.remove(1,null));
 977             check(! m.remove(1,null));
 978             check(! m.remove(1,1));
 979             check(m.remove(1,2));
 980             check(m.isEmpty());
 981 
 982             testEmptyMap(m);
 983         }
 984         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 985     }
 986 
 987     private static void throwsConsistently(Class<? extends Throwable> k,
 988                                            Iterable<Fun> fs) {
 989         List<Class<? extends Throwable>> threw
 990             = new ArrayList<Class<? extends Throwable>>();
 991         for (Fun f : fs)
 992             try { f.f(); threw.add(null); }
 993             catch (Throwable t) {
 994                 check(k.isAssignableFrom(t.getClass()));
 995                 threw.add(t.getClass());
 996             }
 997         if (new HashSet<Object>(threw).size() != 1)
 998             fail(threw.toString());
 999     }
1000 
1001     private static <T> void checkNPEConsistency(final Map<T,Integer> m) {
1002         m.clear();
1003         final ConcurrentMap<T,Integer> cm = (m instanceof ConcurrentMap)
1004             ? (ConcurrentMap<T,Integer>) m
1005             : null;
1006         List<Fun> fs = new ArrayList<Fun>();
1007         fs.add(new Fun(){void f(){ check(! m.containsKey(null));}});
1008         fs.add(new Fun(){void f(){ equal(m.remove(null), null);}});
1009         fs.add(new Fun(){void f(){ equal(m.get(null), null);}});
1010         if (cm != null) {
1011             fs.add(new Fun(){void f(){ check(! cm.remove(null,null));}});}
1012         throwsConsistently(NullPointerException.class, fs);
1013 
1014         fs.clear();
1015         final Map<T,Integer> sm = singletonMap(null,1);
1016         fs.add(new Fun(){void f(){ equal(m.put(null,1), null); m.clear();}});
1017         fs.add(new Fun(){void f(){ m.putAll(sm); m.clear();}});
1018         if (cm != null) {
1019             fs.add(new Fun(){void f(){ check(! cm.remove(null,null));}});
1020             fs.add(new Fun(){void f(){ equal(cm.putIfAbsent(null,1), 1);}});
1021             fs.add(new Fun(){void f(){ equal(cm.replace(null,1), null);}});
1022             fs.add(new Fun(){void f(){ equal(cm.replace(null,1, 1), 1);}});
1023         }
1024         throwsConsistently(NullPointerException.class, fs);
1025     }
1026 
1027     //----------------------------------------------------------------
1028     // NavigableMap
1029     //----------------------------------------------------------------
1030     private static void
1031         checkNavigableMapKeys(NavigableMap<Integer,Integer> m,
1032                               Integer i,
1033                               Integer lower,
1034                               Integer floor,
1035                               Integer ceiling,
1036                               Integer higher) {
1037         equal(m.lowerKey(i),   lower);
1038         equal(m.floorKey(i),   floor);
1039         equal(m.ceilingKey(i), ceiling);
1040         equal(m.higherKey(i),  higher);
1041     }
1042 
1043     private static void
1044         checkNavigableSetKeys(NavigableSet<Integer> m,
1045                               Integer i,
1046                               Integer lower,
1047                               Integer floor,
1048                               Integer ceiling,
1049                               Integer higher) {
1050         equal(m.lower(i),   lower);
1051         equal(m.floor(i),   floor);
1052         equal(m.ceiling(i), ceiling);
1053         equal(m.higher(i),  higher);
1054     }
1055 
1056     static final Random rnd = new Random();
1057     static void equalNext(final Iterator<?> it, Object expected) {
1058         if (rnd.nextBoolean())
1059             check(it.hasNext());
1060         equal(it.next(), expected);
1061     }
1062 
1063     static void equalMaps(Map m1, Map m2) {
1064         equal(m1, m2);
1065         equal(m2, m1);
1066         equal(m1.size(), m2.size());
1067         equal(m1.isEmpty(), m2.isEmpty());
1068         equal(m1.toString(), m2.toString());
1069         check(Arrays.equals(m1.entrySet().toArray(), m2.entrySet().toArray()));
1070     }
1071 
1072     @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
1073     static void testNavigableMapRemovers(NavigableMap m)
1074     {
1075         final Map emptyMap = new HashMap();
1076 
1077         final Map singletonMap = new HashMap();
1078         singletonMap.put(1, 2);
1079 
1080         abstract class NavigableMapView {
1081             abstract NavigableMap view(NavigableMap m);
1082         }
1083 
1084         NavigableMapView[] views = {
1085             new NavigableMapView() { NavigableMap view(NavigableMap m) {
1086                 return m; }},
1087             new NavigableMapView() { NavigableMap view(NavigableMap m) {
1088                 return m.headMap(99, true); }},
1089             new NavigableMapView() { NavigableMap view(NavigableMap m) {
1090                 return m.tailMap(-99, false); }},
1091             new NavigableMapView() { NavigableMap view(NavigableMap m) {
1092                 return m.subMap(-99, true, 99, false); }},
1093         };
1094 
1095         abstract class Remover {
1096             abstract void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v);
1097         }
1098 
1099         Remover[] removers = {
1100             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1101                 equal(m.remove(k), v); }},
1102 
1103             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1104                 equal(m.descendingMap().remove(k), v); }},
1105             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1106                 equal(m.descendingMap().headMap(-86, false).remove(k), v); }},
1107             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1108                 equal(m.descendingMap().tailMap(86, true).remove(k), v); }},
1109 
1110             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1111                 equal(m.headMap(86, true).remove(k), v); }},
1112             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1113                 equal(m.tailMap(-86, true).remove(k), v); }},
1114             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1115                 equal(m.subMap(-86, false, 86, true).remove(k), v); }},
1116 
1117             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1118                 check(m.keySet().remove(k)); }},
1119             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1120                 check(m.navigableKeySet().remove(k)); }},
1121 
1122             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1123                 check(m.navigableKeySet().headSet(86, true).remove(k)); }},
1124             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1125                 check(m.navigableKeySet().tailSet(-86, false).remove(k)); }},
1126             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1127                 check(m.navigableKeySet().subSet(-86, true, 86, false)
1128                       .remove(k)); }},
1129 
1130             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1131                 check(m.descendingKeySet().headSet(-86, false).remove(k)); }},
1132             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1133                 check(m.descendingKeySet().tailSet(86, true).remove(k)); }},
1134             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1135                 check(m.descendingKeySet().subSet(86, true, -86, false)
1136                       .remove(k)); }},
1137         };
1138 
1139         for (NavigableMapView view : views) {
1140             for (Remover remover : removers) {
1141                 try {
1142                     m.clear();
1143                     equalMaps(m, emptyMap);
1144                     equal(m.put(1, 2), null);
1145                     equalMaps(m, singletonMap);
1146                     NavigableMap v = view.view(m);
1147                     remover.remove(v, 1, 2);
1148                     equalMaps(m, emptyMap);
1149                 } catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
1150             }
1151         }
1152     }
1153 
1154     private static void testNavigableMap(NavigableMap<Integer,Integer> m)
1155     {
1156         clear(m);
1157         checkNavigableMapKeys(m, 1, null, null, null, null);
1158 
1159         equal(m.put(1, 2), null);
1160         equal(m.put(3, 4), null);
1161         equal(m.put(5, 9), null);
1162 
1163         equal(m.put(1, 2), 2);
1164         equal(m.put(3, 4), 4);
1165         equal(m.put(5, 6), 9);
1166 
1167         checkNavigableMapKeys(m, 0, null, null,    1,    1);
1168         checkNavigableMapKeys(m, 1, null,    1,    1,    3);
1169         checkNavigableMapKeys(m, 2,    1,    1,    3,    3);
1170         checkNavigableMapKeys(m, 3,    1,    3,    3,    5);
1171         checkNavigableMapKeys(m, 5,    3,    5,    5, null);
1172         checkNavigableMapKeys(m, 6,    5,    5, null, null);
1173 
1174         for (final Iterator<Integer> it :
1175                  (Iterator<Integer>[])
1176                  new Iterator<?>[] {
1177                      m.descendingKeySet().iterator(),
1178                      m.navigableKeySet().descendingIterator()}) {
1179             equalNext(it, 5);
1180             equalNext(it, 3);
1181             equalNext(it, 1);
1182             check(! it.hasNext());
1183             THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class,
1184                    new Fun(){void f(){it.next();}});
1185         }
1186 
1187         {
1188             final Iterator<Map.Entry<Integer,Integer>> it
1189                 = m.descendingMap().entrySet().iterator();
1190             check(it.hasNext()); equal(it.next().getKey(), 5);
1191             check(it.hasNext()); equal(it.next().getKey(), 3);
1192             check(it.hasNext()); equal(it.next().getKey(), 1);
1193             check(! it.hasNext());
1194             THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class,
1195                    new Fun(){void f(){it.next();}});
1196         }
1197 
1198         prepMapForDescItrTests(m);
1199         checkDescItrRmFirst(m.keySet(), m.navigableKeySet().descendingIterator());
1200         prepMapForDescItrTests(m);
1201         checkDescItrRmMid(m.keySet(), m.navigableKeySet().descendingIterator());
1202         prepMapForDescItrTests(m);
1203         checkDescItrRmLast(m.keySet(), m.navigableKeySet().descendingIterator());
1204 
1205         prepMapForDescItrTests(m);
1206         checkDescItrRmFirst(m.keySet(), m.descendingMap().keySet().iterator());
1207         prepMapForDescItrTests(m);
1208         checkDescItrRmMid(m.keySet(), m.descendingMap().keySet().iterator());
1209         prepMapForDescItrTests(m);
1210         checkDescItrRmLast(m.keySet(), m.descendingMap().keySet().iterator());
1211 
1212         prepMapForDescItrTests(m);
1213         checkDescItrRmFirst(m.keySet(), m.descendingKeySet().iterator());
1214         prepMapForDescItrTests(m);
1215         checkDescItrRmMid(m.keySet(), m.descendingKeySet().iterator());
1216         prepMapForDescItrTests(m);
1217         checkDescItrRmLast(m.keySet(), m.descendingKeySet().iterator());
1218 
1219         prepMapForDescItrTests(m);
1220         checkDescItrRmFirst(m.values(), m.descendingMap().values().iterator());
1221         prepMapForDescItrTests(m);
1222         checkDescItrRmMid(m.values(), m.descendingMap().values().iterator());
1223         prepMapForDescItrTests(m);
1224         checkDescItrRmLast(m.values(), m.descendingMap().values().iterator());
1225 
1226         prepMapForDescItrTests(m);
1227         checkDescItrRmFirst((Collection)m.entrySet(),
1228                             m.descendingMap().entrySet().iterator());
1229         prepMapForDescItrTests(m);
1230         checkDescItrRmMid((Collection)m.entrySet(),
1231                           m.descendingMap().entrySet().iterator());
1232         prepMapForDescItrTests(m);
1233         checkDescItrRmLast((Collection)m.entrySet(),
1234                            m.descendingMap().entrySet().iterator());
1235     }
1236 
1237     private static void testNavigableSet(NavigableSet<Integer> s) {
1238         clear(s);
1239         checkNavigableSetKeys(s, 1, null, null, null, null);
1240 
1241         check(s.add(1));
1242         check(s.add(3));
1243         check(s.add(5));
1244 
1245         check(! s.add(1));
1246         check(! s.add(3));
1247         check(! s.add(5));
1248 
1249         checkNavigableSetKeys(s, 0, null, null,    1,    1);
1250         checkNavigableSetKeys(s, 1, null,    1,    1,    3);
1251         checkNavigableSetKeys(s, 2,    1,    1,    3,    3);
1252         checkNavigableSetKeys(s, 3,    1,    3,    3,    5);
1253         checkNavigableSetKeys(s, 5,    3,    5,    5, null);
1254         checkNavigableSetKeys(s, 6,    5,    5, null, null);
1255 
1256         for (final Iterator<Integer> it :
1257                  (Iterator<Integer>[])
1258                  new Iterator<?>[] {
1259                      s.descendingIterator(),
1260                      s.descendingSet().iterator()}) {
1261             equalNext(it, 5);
1262             equalNext(it, 3);
1263             equalNext(it, 1);
1264             check(! it.hasNext());
1265             THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class,
1266                    new Fun(){void f(){it.next();}});
1267         }
1268 
1269         prepSetForDescItrTests(s);
1270         checkDescItrRmFirst(s, s.descendingIterator());
1271         prepSetForDescItrTests(s);
1272         checkDescItrRmMid(s, s.descendingIterator());
1273         prepSetForDescItrTests(s);
1274         checkDescItrRmLast(s, s.descendingIterator());
1275 
1276         prepSetForDescItrTests(s);
1277         checkDescItrRmFirst(s, s.descendingSet().iterator());
1278         prepSetForDescItrTests(s);
1279         checkDescItrRmMid(s, s.descendingSet().iterator());
1280         prepSetForDescItrTests(s);
1281         checkDescItrRmLast(s, s.descendingSet().iterator());
1282     }
1283 
1284     private static void prepSetForDescItrTests(Set s) {
1285         clear(s);
1286         check(s.add(1));
1287         check(s.add(3));
1288         check(s.add(5));
1289     }
1290 
1291     private static void prepMapForDescItrTests(Map m) {
1292         clear(m);
1293         equal(m.put(1, 2), null);
1294         equal(m.put(3, 4), null);
1295         equal(m.put(5, 9), null);
1296     }
1297 
1298     //--------------------------------------------------------------------
1299     // Check behavior of descending iterator when first element is removed
1300     //--------------------------------------------------------------------
1301     private static <T> void checkDescItrRmFirst(Collection<T> ascColl,
1302                                                 Iterator<T> descItr) {
1303         T[] expected = (T[]) ascColl.toArray();
1304         int idx = expected.length -1;
1305 
1306         equalNext(descItr, expected[idx--]);
1307         descItr.remove();
1308         while(idx >= 0 && descItr.hasNext()) {
1309             equalNext(descItr, expected[idx--]);
1310         }
1311         equal(descItr.hasNext(), false);
1312         equal(idx, -1);
1313     }
1314 
1315     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1316     // Check behavior of descending iterator when a middle element is removed
1317     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1318     private static <T> void checkDescItrRmMid(Collection<T> ascColl,
1319                                               Iterator<T> descItr) {
1320         T[] expected = (T[]) ascColl.toArray();
1321         int idx = expected.length -1;
1322 
1323         while (idx >= expected.length / 2) {
1324             equalNext(descItr, expected[idx--]);
1325         }
1326         descItr.remove();
1327         while (idx >= 0 && descItr.hasNext()) {
1328             equalNext(descItr, expected[idx--]);
1329         }
1330         equal(descItr.hasNext(), false);
1331         equal(idx, -1);
1332     }
1333 
1334     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1335     // Check behavior of descending iterator when the last element is removed
1336     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1337     private static <T> void checkDescItrRmLast(Collection<T> ascColl,
1338                                                Iterator<T> descItr) {
1339         T[] expected = (T[]) ascColl.toArray();
1340         int idx = expected.length -1;
1341 
1342         while (idx >= 0 && descItr.hasNext()) {
1343             equalNext(descItr, expected[idx--]);
1344         }
1345         equal(idx, -1);
1346         equal(descItr.hasNext(), false);
1347         descItr.remove();
1348         equal(ascColl.contains(expected[0]), false);
1349     }
1350 
1351     //--------------------- Infrastructure ---------------------------
1352     static volatile int passed = 0, failed = 0;
1353     static void pass() { passed++; }
1354     static void fail() { failed++; Thread.dumpStack(); }
1355     static void fail(String msg) { System.out.println(msg); fail(); }
1356     static void unexpected(Throwable t) { failed++; t.printStackTrace(); }
1357     static void check(boolean cond) { if (cond) pass(); else fail(); }
1358     static void equal(Object x, Object y) {
1359         if (x == null ? y == null : x.equals(y)) pass();
1360         else {System.out.println(x + " not equal to " + y); fail();}}
1361     static void equal2(Object x, Object y) {equal(x, y); equal(y, x);}
1362     public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
1363         try { realMain(args); } catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
1364 
1365         System.out.printf("%nPassed = %d, failed = %d%n%n", passed, failed);
1366         if (failed > 0) throw new Exception("Some tests failed");
1367     }
1368     private static abstract class Fun {abstract void f() throws Throwable;}
1369     private static void THROWS(Class<? extends Throwable> k, Fun... fs) {
1370           for (Fun f : fs)
1371               try { f.f(); fail("Expected " + k.getName() + " not thrown"); }
1372               catch (Throwable t) {
1373                   if (k.isAssignableFrom(t.getClass())) pass();
1374                   else unexpected(t);}}
1375     static byte[] serializedForm(Object obj) {
1376         try {
1377             ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
1378             new ObjectOutputStream(baos).writeObject(obj);
1379             return baos.toByteArray();
1380         } catch (IOException e) { throw new Error(e); }}
1381     static Object readObject(byte[] bytes)
1382         throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
1383         InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
1384         return new ObjectInputStream(is).readObject();}
1385     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1386     static <T> T serialClone(T obj) {
1387         try { return (T) readObject(serializedForm(obj)); }
1388         catch (Exception e) { throw new Error(e); }}
1389     private static class NewAbstractCollection<E> extends AbstractCollection<E> {
1390         ArrayList<E> list = new ArrayList<>();
1391         public boolean remove(Object obj) {
1392             return list.remove(obj);
1393         }
1394         public boolean add(E e) {
1395             return list.add(e);
1396         }
1397         public Iterator<E> iterator() {
1398             return list.iterator();
1399         }
1400         public int size() {
1401             return list.size();
1402         }
1403     }
1404     private static class NewAbstractSet<E> extends AbstractSet<E> {
1405         HashSet<E> set = new HashSet<>();
1406         public boolean remove(Object obj) {
1407             return set.remove(obj);
1408         }
1409         public boolean add(E e) {
1410             return set.add(e);
1411         }
1412         public Iterator<E> iterator() {
1413             return set.iterator();
1414         }
1415         public int size() {
1416             return set.size();
1417         }
1418     }
1419 
1420 }