1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1994, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 4 * 5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 6 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 7 * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 8 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 9 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 10 * 11 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 12 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 13 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 14 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 15 * accompanied this code). 16 * 17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 18 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 19 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 20 * 21 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 22 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 23 * questions. 24 */ 25 26 package java.io; 27 28 import java.util.Arrays; 29 import java.util.Objects; 30 31 /** 32 * This abstract class is the superclass of all classes representing 33 * an input stream of bytes. 34 * 35 * <p> Applications that need to define a subclass of <code>InputStream</code> 36 * must always provide a method that returns the next byte of input. 37 * 38 * @author Arthur van Hoff 39 * @see java.io.BufferedInputStream 40 * @see java.io.ByteArrayInputStream 41 * @see java.io.DataInputStream 42 * @see java.io.FilterInputStream 43 * @see java.io.InputStream#read() 44 * @see java.io.OutputStream 45 * @see java.io.PushbackInputStream 46 * @since 1.0 47 */ 48 public abstract class InputStream implements Closeable { 49 50 // MAX_SKIP_BUFFER_SIZE is used to determine the maximum buffer size to 51 // use when skipping. 52 private static final int MAX_SKIP_BUFFER_SIZE = 2048; 53 54 private static final int DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 8192; 55 56 /** 57 * Reads the next byte of data from the input stream. The value byte is 58 * returned as an <code>int</code> in the range <code>0</code> to 59 * <code>255</code>. If no byte is available because the end of the stream 60 * has been reached, the value <code>-1</code> is returned. This method 61 * blocks until input data is available, the end of the stream is detected, 62 * or an exception is thrown. 63 * 64 * <p> A subclass must provide an implementation of this method. 65 * 66 * @return the next byte of data, or <code>-1</code> if the end of the 67 * stream is reached. 68 * @exception IOException if an I/O error occurs. 69 */ 70 public abstract int read() throws IOException; 71 72 /** 73 * Reads some number of bytes from the input stream and stores them into 74 * the buffer array <code>b</code>. The number of bytes actually read is 75 * returned as an integer. This method blocks until input data is 76 * available, end of file is detected, or an exception is thrown. 77 * 78 * <p> If the length of <code>b</code> is zero, then no bytes are read and 79 * <code>0</code> is returned; otherwise, there is an attempt to read at 80 * least one byte. If no byte is available because the stream is at the 81 * end of the file, the value <code>-1</code> is returned; otherwise, at 82 * least one byte is read and stored into <code>b</code>. 83 * 84 * <p> The first byte read is stored into element <code>b[0]</code>, the 85 * next one into <code>b[1]</code>, and so on. The number of bytes read is, 86 * at most, equal to the length of <code>b</code>. Let <i>k</i> be the 87 * number of bytes actually read; these bytes will be stored in elements 88 * <code>b[0]</code> through <code>b[</code><i>k</i><code>-1]</code>, 89 * leaving elements <code>b[</code><i>k</i><code>]</code> through 90 * <code>b[b.length-1]</code> unaffected. 91 * 92 * <p> The <code>read(b)</code> method for class <code>InputStream</code> 93 * has the same effect as: <pre><code> read(b, 0, b.length) </code></pre> 94 * 95 * @param b the buffer into which the data is read. 96 * @return the total number of bytes read into the buffer, or 97 * <code>-1</code> if there is no more data because the end of 98 * the stream has been reached. 99 * @exception IOException If the first byte cannot be read for any reason 100 * other than the end of the file, if the input stream has been closed, or 101 * if some other I/O error occurs. 102 * @exception NullPointerException if <code>b</code> is <code>null</code>. 103 * @see java.io.InputStream#read(byte[], int, int) 104 */ 105 public int read(byte b[]) throws IOException { 106 return read(b, 0, b.length); 107 } 108 109 /** 110 * Reads up to <code>len</code> bytes of data from the input stream into 111 * an array of bytes. An attempt is made to read as many as 112 * <code>len</code> bytes, but a smaller number may be read. 113 * The number of bytes actually read is returned as an integer. 114 * 115 * <p> This method blocks until input data is available, end of file is 116 * detected, or an exception is thrown. 117 * 118 * <p> If <code>len</code> is zero, then no bytes are read and 119 * <code>0</code> is returned; otherwise, there is an attempt to read at 120 * least one byte. If no byte is available because the stream is at end of 121 * file, the value <code>-1</code> is returned; otherwise, at least one 122 * byte is read and stored into <code>b</code>. 123 * 124 * <p> The first byte read is stored into element <code>b[off]</code>, the 125 * next one into <code>b[off+1]</code>, and so on. The number of bytes read 126 * is, at most, equal to <code>len</code>. Let <i>k</i> be the number of 127 * bytes actually read; these bytes will be stored in elements 128 * <code>b[off]</code> through <code>b[off+</code><i>k</i><code>-1]</code>, 129 * leaving elements <code>b[off+</code><i>k</i><code>]</code> through 130 * <code>b[off+len-1]</code> unaffected. 131 * 132 * <p> In every case, elements <code>b[0]</code> through 133 * <code>b[off]</code> and elements <code>b[off+len]</code> through 134 * <code>b[b.length-1]</code> are unaffected. 135 * 136 * <p> The <code>read(b,</code> <code>off,</code> <code>len)</code> method 137 * for class <code>InputStream</code> simply calls the method 138 * <code>read()</code> repeatedly. If the first such call results in an 139 * <code>IOException</code>, that exception is returned from the call to 140 * the <code>read(b,</code> <code>off,</code> <code>len)</code> method. If 141 * any subsequent call to <code>read()</code> results in a 142 * <code>IOException</code>, the exception is caught and treated as if it 143 * were end of file; the bytes read up to that point are stored into 144 * <code>b</code> and the number of bytes read before the exception 145 * occurred is returned. The default implementation of this method blocks 146 * until the requested amount of input data <code>len</code> has been read, 147 * end of file is detected, or an exception is thrown. Subclasses are encouraged 148 * to provide a more efficient implementation of this method. 149 * 150 * @param b the buffer into which the data is read. 151 * @param off the start offset in array <code>b</code> 152 * at which the data is written. 153 * @param len the maximum number of bytes to read. 154 * @return the total number of bytes read into the buffer, or 155 * <code>-1</code> if there is no more data because the end of 156 * the stream has been reached. 157 * @exception IOException If the first byte cannot be read for any reason 158 * other than end of file, or if the input stream has been closed, or if 159 * some other I/O error occurs. 160 * @exception NullPointerException If <code>b</code> is <code>null</code>. 161 * @exception IndexOutOfBoundsException If <code>off</code> is negative, 162 * <code>len</code> is negative, or <code>len</code> is greater than 163 * <code>b.length - off</code> 164 * @see java.io.InputStream#read() 165 */ 166 public int read(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException { 167 if (b == null) { 168 throw new NullPointerException(); 169 } else if (off < 0 || len < 0 || len > b.length - off) { 170 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(); 171 } else if (len == 0) { 172 return 0; 173 } 174 175 int c = read(); 176 if (c == -1) { 177 return -1; 178 } 179 b[off] = (byte)c; 180 181 int i = 1; 182 try { 183 for (; i < len ; i++) { 184 c = read(); 185 if (c == -1) { 186 break; 187 } 188 b[off + i] = (byte)c; 189 } 190 } catch (IOException ee) { 191 } 192 return i; 193 } 194 195 /** 196 * The maximum size of array to allocate. 197 * Some VMs reserve some header words in an array. 198 * Attempts to allocate larger arrays may result in 199 * OutOfMemoryError: Requested array size exceeds VM limit 200 */ 201 private static final int MAX_BUFFER_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8; 202 203 /** 204 * Reads all remaining bytes from the input stream. This method blocks until 205 * all remaining bytes have been read and end of stream is detected, or an 206 * exception is thrown. This method does not close the input stream. 207 * 208 * <p> When this stream reaches end of stream, further invocations of this 209 * method will return an empty byte array. 210 * 211 * <p> Note that this method is intended for simple cases where it is 212 * convenient to read all bytes into a byte array. It is not intended for 213 * reading input streams with large amounts of data. 214 * 215 * <p> The behavior for the case where the input stream is <i>asynchronously 216 * closed</i>, or the thread interrupted during the read, is highly input 217 * stream specific, and therefore not specified. 218 * 219 * <p> If an I/O error occurs reading from the input stream, then it may do 220 * so after some, but not all, bytes have been read. Consequently the input 221 * stream may not be at end of stream and may be in an inconsistent state. 222 * It is strongly recommended that the stream be promptly closed if an I/O 223 * error occurs. 224 * 225 * @return a byte array containing the bytes read from this input stream 226 * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs 227 * @throws OutOfMemoryError if an array of the required size cannot be 228 * allocated. For example, if an array larger than {@code 2GB} would 229 * be required to store the bytes. 230 * 231 * @since 9 232 */ 233 public byte[] readAllBytes() throws IOException { 234 byte[] buf = new byte[DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE]; 235 int capacity = buf.length; 236 int nread = 0; 237 int n; 238 for (;;) { 239 // read to EOF which may read more or less than initial buffer size 240 while ((n = read(buf, nread, capacity - nread)) > 0) 241 nread += n; 242 243 // if the last call to read returned -1, then we're done 244 if (n < 0) 245 break; 246 247 // need to allocate a larger buffer 248 if (capacity <= MAX_BUFFER_SIZE - capacity) { 249 capacity = capacity << 1; 250 } else { 251 if (capacity == MAX_BUFFER_SIZE) 252 throw new OutOfMemoryError("Required array size too large"); 253 capacity = MAX_BUFFER_SIZE; 254 } 255 buf = Arrays.copyOf(buf, capacity); 256 } 257 return (capacity == nread) ? buf : Arrays.copyOf(buf, nread); 258 } 259 260 /** 261 * Reads the requested number of bytes from the input stream into the given 262 * byte array. This method blocks until {@code len} bytes of input data have 263 * been read, end of stream is detected, or an exception is thrown. The 264 * number of bytes actually read, possibly zero, is returned. This method 265 * does not close the input stream. 266 * 267 * <p> In the case where end of stream is reached before {@code len} bytes 268 * have been read, then the actual number of bytes read will be returned. 269 * When this stream reaches end of stream, further invocations of this 270 * method will return zero. 271 * 272 * <p> If {@code len} is zero, then no bytes are read and {@code 0} is 273 * returned; otherwise, there is an attempt to read up to {@code len} bytes. 274 * 275 * <p> The first byte read is stored into element {@code b[off]}, the next 276 * one in to {@code b[off+1]}, and so on. The number of bytes read is, at 277 * most, equal to {@code len}. Let <i>k</i> be the number of bytes actually 278 * read; these bytes will be stored in elements {@code b[off]} through 279 * {@code b[off+}<i>k</i>{@code -1]}, leaving elements {@code b[off+}<i>k</i> 280 * {@code ]} through {@code b[off+len-1]} unaffected. 281 * 282 * <p> The behavior for the case where the input stream is <i>asynchronously 283 * closed</i>, or the thread interrupted during the read, is highly input 284 * stream specific, and therefore not specified. 285 * 286 * <p> If an I/O error occurs reading from the input stream, then it may do 287 * so after some, but not all, bytes of {@code b} have been updated with 288 * data from the input stream. Consequently the input stream and {@code b} 289 * may be in an inconsistent state. It is strongly recommended that the 290 * stream be promptly closed if an I/O error occurs. 291 * 292 * @param b the byte array into which the data is read 293 * @param off the start offset in {@code b} at which the data is written 294 * @param len the maximum number of bytes to read 295 * @return the actual number of bytes read into the buffer 296 * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs 297 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code b} is {@code null} 298 * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException If {@code off} is negative, {@code len} 299 * is negative, or {@code len} is greater than {@code b.length - off} 300 * 301 * @since 9 302 */ 303 public int readNBytes(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException { 304 Objects.requireNonNull(b); 305 if (off < 0 || len < 0 || len > b.length - off) 306 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(); 307 int n = 0; 308 while (n < len) { 309 int count = read(b, off + n, len - n); 310 if (count < 0) 311 break; 312 n += count; 313 } 314 return n; 315 } 316 317 /** 318 * Skips over and discards <code>n</code> bytes of data from this input 319 * stream. The <code>skip</code> method may, for a variety of reasons, end 320 * up skipping over some smaller number of bytes, possibly <code>0</code>. 321 * This may result from any of a number of conditions; reaching end of file 322 * before <code>n</code> bytes have been skipped is only one possibility. 323 * The actual number of bytes skipped is returned. If {@code n} is 324 * negative, the {@code skip} method for class {@code InputStream} always 325 * returns 0, and no bytes are skipped. Subclasses may handle the negative 326 * value differently. 327 * 328 * <p> The <code>skip</code> method of this class creates a 329 * byte array and then repeatedly reads into it until <code>n</code> bytes 330 * have been read or the end of the stream has been reached. Subclasses are 331 * encouraged to provide a more efficient implementation of this method. 332 * For instance, the implementation may depend on the ability to seek. 333 * 334 * @param n the number of bytes to be skipped. 335 * @return the actual number of bytes skipped. 336 * @exception IOException if the stream does not support seek, 337 * or if some other I/O error occurs. 338 */ 339 public long skip(long n) throws IOException { 340 341 long remaining = n; 342 int nr; 343 344 if (n <= 0) { 345 return 0; 346 } 347 348 int size = (int)Math.min(MAX_SKIP_BUFFER_SIZE, remaining); 349 byte[] skipBuffer = new byte[size]; 350 while (remaining > 0) { 351 nr = read(skipBuffer, 0, (int)Math.min(size, remaining)); 352 if (nr < 0) { 353 break; 354 } 355 remaining -= nr; 356 } 357 358 return n - remaining; 359 } 360 361 /** 362 * Returns an estimate of the number of bytes that can be read (or 363 * skipped over) from this input stream without blocking by the next 364 * invocation of a method for this input stream. The next invocation 365 * might be the same thread or another thread. A single read or skip of this 366 * many bytes will not block, but may read or skip fewer bytes. 367 * 368 * <p> Note that while some implementations of {@code InputStream} will return 369 * the total number of bytes in the stream, many will not. It is 370 * never correct to use the return value of this method to allocate 371 * a buffer intended to hold all data in this stream. 372 * 373 * <p> A subclass' implementation of this method may choose to throw an 374 * {@link IOException} if this input stream has been closed by 375 * invoking the {@link #close()} method. 376 * 377 * <p> The {@code available} method for class {@code InputStream} always 378 * returns {@code 0}. 379 * 380 * <p> This method should be overridden by subclasses. 381 * 382 * @return an estimate of the number of bytes that can be read (or skipped 383 * over) from this input stream without blocking or {@code 0} when 384 * it reaches the end of the input stream. 385 * @exception IOException if an I/O error occurs. 386 */ 387 public int available() throws IOException { 388 return 0; 389 } 390 391 /** 392 * Closes this input stream and releases any system resources associated 393 * with the stream. 394 * 395 * <p> The <code>close</code> method of <code>InputStream</code> does 396 * nothing. 397 * 398 * @exception IOException if an I/O error occurs. 399 */ 400 public void close() throws IOException {} 401 402 /** 403 * Marks the current position in this input stream. A subsequent call to 404 * the <code>reset</code> method repositions this stream at the last marked 405 * position so that subsequent reads re-read the same bytes. 406 * 407 * <p> The <code>readlimit</code> arguments tells this input stream to 408 * allow that many bytes to be read before the mark position gets 409 * invalidated. 410 * 411 * <p> The general contract of <code>mark</code> is that, if the method 412 * <code>markSupported</code> returns <code>true</code>, the stream somehow 413 * remembers all the bytes read after the call to <code>mark</code> and 414 * stands ready to supply those same bytes again if and whenever the method 415 * <code>reset</code> is called. However, the stream is not required to 416 * remember any data at all if more than <code>readlimit</code> bytes are 417 * read from the stream before <code>reset</code> is called. 418 * 419 * <p> Marking a closed stream should not have any effect on the stream. 420 * 421 * <p> The <code>mark</code> method of <code>InputStream</code> does 422 * nothing. 423 * 424 * @param readlimit the maximum limit of bytes that can be read before 425 * the mark position becomes invalid. 426 * @see java.io.InputStream#reset() 427 */ 428 public synchronized void mark(int readlimit) {} 429 430 /** 431 * Repositions this stream to the position at the time the 432 * <code>mark</code> method was last called on this input stream. 433 * 434 * <p> The general contract of <code>reset</code> is: 435 * 436 * <ul> 437 * <li> If the method <code>markSupported</code> returns 438 * <code>true</code>, then: 439 * 440 * <ul><li> If the method <code>mark</code> has not been called since 441 * the stream was created, or the number of bytes read from the stream 442 * since <code>mark</code> was last called is larger than the argument 443 * to <code>mark</code> at that last call, then an 444 * <code>IOException</code> might be thrown. 445 * 446 * <li> If such an <code>IOException</code> is not thrown, then the 447 * stream is reset to a state such that all the bytes read since the 448 * most recent call to <code>mark</code> (or since the start of the 449 * file, if <code>mark</code> has not been called) will be resupplied 450 * to subsequent callers of the <code>read</code> method, followed by 451 * any bytes that otherwise would have been the next input data as of 452 * the time of the call to <code>reset</code>. </ul> 453 * 454 * <li> If the method <code>markSupported</code> returns 455 * <code>false</code>, then: 456 * 457 * <ul><li> The call to <code>reset</code> may throw an 458 * <code>IOException</code>. 459 * 460 * <li> If an <code>IOException</code> is not thrown, then the stream 461 * is reset to a fixed state that depends on the particular type of the 462 * input stream and how it was created. The bytes that will be supplied 463 * to subsequent callers of the <code>read</code> method depend on the 464 * particular type of the input stream. </ul></ul> 465 * 466 * <p>The method <code>reset</code> for class <code>InputStream</code> 467 * does nothing except throw an <code>IOException</code>. 468 * 469 * @exception IOException if this stream has not been marked or if the 470 * mark has been invalidated. 471 * @see java.io.InputStream#mark(int) 472 * @see java.io.IOException 473 */ 474 public synchronized void reset() throws IOException { 475 throw new IOException("mark/reset not supported"); 476 } 477 478 /** 479 * Tests if this input stream supports the <code>mark</code> and 480 * <code>reset</code> methods. Whether or not <code>mark</code> and 481 * <code>reset</code> are supported is an invariant property of a 482 * particular input stream instance. The <code>markSupported</code> method 483 * of <code>InputStream</code> returns <code>false</code>. 484 * 485 * @return <code>true</code> if this stream instance supports the mark 486 * and reset methods; <code>false</code> otherwise. 487 * @see java.io.InputStream#mark(int) 488 * @see java.io.InputStream#reset() 489 */ 490 public boolean markSupported() { 491 return false; 492 } 493 494 /** 495 * Reads all bytes from this input stream and writes the bytes to the 496 * given output stream in the order that they are read. On return, this 497 * input stream will be at end of stream. This method does not close either 498 * stream. 499 * <p> 500 * This method may block indefinitely reading from the input stream, or 501 * writing to the output stream. The behavior for the case where the input 502 * and/or output stream is <i>asynchronously closed</i>, or the thread 503 * interrupted during the transfer, is highly input and output stream 504 * specific, and therefore not specified. 505 * <p> 506 * If an I/O error occurs reading from the input stream or writing to the 507 * output stream, then it may do so after some bytes have been read or 508 * written. Consequently the input stream may not be at end of stream and 509 * one, or both, streams may be in an inconsistent state. It is strongly 510 * recommended that both streams be promptly closed if an I/O error occurs. 511 * 512 * @param out the output stream, non-null 513 * @return the number of bytes transferred 514 * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs when reading or writing 515 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code out} is {@code null} 516 * 517 * @since 9 518 */ 519 public long transferTo(OutputStream out) throws IOException { 520 Objects.requireNonNull(out, "out"); 521 long transferred = 0; 522 byte[] buffer = new byte[DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE]; 523 int read; 524 while ((read = this.read(buffer, 0, DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE)) >= 0) { 525 out.write(buffer, 0, read); 526 transferred += read; 527 } 528 return transferred; 529 } 530 }