1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN"> 2 <html> 3 <head> 4 <!-- 5 Copyright (c) 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 6 DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 7 8 This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 9 under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 10 published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 11 particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 12 by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 13 14 This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 15 ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 16 FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 17 version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 18 accompanied this code). 19 20 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 21 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 22 Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 23 24 Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 25 or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 26 questions. 27 --> 28 29 <title>TIFF Metadata Format Specification and Usage Notes</title> 30 </head> 31 32 <body bgcolor="white"> 33 34 <center><h1> 35 TIFF Metadata Format Specification and Usage Notes 36 </h1></center> 37 38 <p> 39 <a href="#Reading">Reading Images</a><br/> 40 <font size="-1"> 41 <ul> 42 <li><a href="#ColorConversionRead">Color Conversion</a></li> 43 <li><a href="#ColorSpacesRead">Color Spaces</a></li> 44 <li><a href="#ICCProfilesRead">ICC Profiles</a></li> 45 <li><a href="#MetadataIssuesRead">Metadata Issues</a> 46 <font size="-2"> 47 <ul> 48 <li><a href="#MapNativeStandard">Native to Standard Metadata Mapping</a></li> 49 </ul> 50 </font> 51 </li> 52 <li><a href="#ExifRead">Reading Exif Images</a> 53 <font size="-2"> 54 <ul> 55 <li><a href="#ExifReadTIFF">Reading Uncompressed Exif Images</a></li> 56 <li><a href="#ExifReadJPEG">Reading Compressed Exif Images</a></li> 57 </ul> 58 </font> 59 </li> 60 </ul> 61 </font> 62 <a href="#Writing">Writing Images</a><br/> 63 <font size="-1"> 64 <ul> 65 <li><a href="#Compression">Compression</a></li> 66 <li><a href="#ColorConversionWrite">Color Conversion</a></li> 67 <li><a href="#ICCProfilesWrite">ICC Profiles</a></li> 68 <li><a href="#MetadataIssuesWrite">Metadata Issues</a></li> 69 <font size="-2"> 70 <ul> 71 <li><a href="#MapStandardNative">Standard to Native Metadata Mapping</a></li> 72 </ul> 73 </font> 74 <li><a href="#ExifWrite">Writing Exif Images</a> 75 <font size="-2"> 76 <ul> 77 <li><a href="#ExifWriteTIFF">Writing Uncompressed Exif Images</a></li> 78 <li><a href="#ExifWriteJPEG">Writing Compressed Exif Images</a></li> 79 </ul> 80 </font> 81 </li> 82 </ul> 83 </font> 84 <a href="#StreamMetadata">Native Stream Metadata Format</a><br/> 85 <a href="#ImageMetadata">Native Image Metadata Format</a> 86 </p> 87 88 <h3><a name="Reading"/>Reading Images</h3> 89 90 TIFF images are read by an <a href="../../ImageReader.html">ImageReader</a> 91 which may be controlled by its public interface as well as via a supplied 92 <a href="../../plugins/tiff/TIFFImageReadParam.html">TIFFImageReadParam</a>. 93 94 <!-- <h4>Supported Image Types</h4> --> 95 96 <!-- Table? --> 97 98 <h4><a name="ColorConversionRead"/>Color Conversion</h4> 99 100 <p>If the source image data 101 have photometric type CIE L*a*b* or YCbCr, and the destination color space 102 type is RGB, then the source image data will be automatically converted to 103 RGB using an internal color converter.</p> 104 105 <h4><a name="ColorSpacesRead"/>Color Spaces</h4> 106 107 The raw color space assigned by default, i.e., in the absence of a 108 user-supplied <a href="../../ImageTypeSpecifier.html">ImageTypeSpecifier</a>, 109 will be the first among the following which applies: 110 111 <ul> 112 <li>A color space created from the <a href="#ICCProfilesRead">ICC Profile</a> 113 metadata field if it is present and compatible with the image data 114 layout.</li> 115 <a name="nonICCProfile"><li>sRGB if the image is monochrome/bilevel 116 (a two-level color map is created internally).</li> 117 <li>sRGB if the image is palette-color.</li> 118 <li>Linear RGB if the image has three samples per pixel, has photometric type 119 CIE L*a*b*, or has photometric type YCbCr and is <i>not</i> 120 JPEG-compressed.</li> 121 <li>A <a href="#DefaultCMYK">default CMYK color space</a> if the image has 122 photometric type CMYK and four samples per pixel.</li> 123 <li>Grayscale if the image has one or two samples per pixel and uniformly 124 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 bits per sample or is floating point.</li> 125 <li>sRGB if the image has three or four samples per pixel and uniformly 126 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 bits per sample or is floating point.</li> 127 <li>A fabricated, <a href="#GenericCS">generic color space</a> if the image 128 has more than four samples per pixel and the number of bits per sample for 129 all bands is the same and is a multiple of 8.</li> 130 <li>Grayscale if the image has one or two samples per pixel regardless of 131 the number of bits per sample.</li> 132 <li>sRGB if the image has three or four samples per pixel regardless of 133 the number of bits per sample.</li> 134 <li>A fabricated, <a href="#GenericCS">generic color space</a> if the image 135 has more than four samples per pixel regardless of the number of bits per 136 sample.</li> 137 </ul> 138 139 <p><a name="DefaultCMYK"/>The normalized color coordinate transformations 140 used for the default CMYK color space are defined as follows: 141 142 <ul> 143 <li>CMYK to linear RGB 144 <pre> 145 R = (1 - K)*(1 - C) 146 G = (1 - K)*(1 - M) 147 B = (1 - K)*(1 - Y) 148 </pre> 149 </li> 150 <li>Linear RGB to CMYK 151 <pre> 152 K = min{1 - R, 1 - G, 1 - B} 153 if(K != 1) { 154 C = (1 - R - K)/(1 - K) 155 M = (1 - G - K)/(1 - K) 156 Y = (1 - B - K)/(1 - K) 157 } else { 158 C = M = Y = 0 159 } 160 </pre> 161 </li> 162 </ul> 163 </p> 164 165 <p><a name="GenericCS"/>The generic color space used when no other color space 166 can be inferred is provided merely to enable the data to be loaded. It is not 167 intended to provide accurate conversions of any kind.</p> 168 169 <p>If the data are known to be in a color space not correctly handled by the 170 foregoing, then an <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code> should be 171 supplied to the reader and should be derived from a color space which is correct 172 for the data in question.</p> 173 174 <h4><a name="ICCProfilesRead"/>ICC Profiles</h4> 175 176 If an ICC profile is contained in the image metadata 177 (<a href="../../plugins/tiff/BaselineTIFFTagSet.html"> 178 BaselineTIFFTagSet</a>.TAG_ICC_PROFILE, tag number 34675), 179 an attempt will be made to use it to create the color space 180 of the loaded image. It will be used if the data layout is of component type 181 and the number of samples per pixel equals or is one greater than the number 182 of components described by the ICC profile. If the ICC profile is not used 183 then the color space will be inferred in one of the subsequent steps described 184 <a href="#nonICCProfile">above</a>. 185 186 <p>If for some reason the embedded ICC profile is not used automatically, then 187 it may be used manually by following this procedure: 188 189 <ol> 190 <li>Obtain the image metadata from 191 <code>ImageReader.getImageMetadata</code></li> 192 <li>Extract the ICC profile field and its value.</li> 193 <li>Create an <a href="../../../../java/awt/color/ICC_ColorSpace.html"> 194 ICC_ColorSpace</a> from an 195 <a href="../../../../java/awt/color/ICC_Profile.html"> 196 ICC_Profile</a> created from the ICC profile field data 197 using <code>ICC_Profile.getInstance(byte[])</code>.</li> 198 <li>Create an <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code> from the new color 199 space using one of its factory methods which accepts an 200 <code>ICC_ColorSpace</code>. 201 <li>Create a compatible <a href="../../ImageReadParam.html">ImageReadParam</a> 202 and set the <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code> using 203 <code>ImageReadParam.setDestinationType</code>.</li> 204 <li>Pass the parameter object to the appropriate <code>read</code> method.</li> 205 </ol> 206 </p> 207 208 <p>If the inferred color space not based on the ICC Profile field is compatible 209 with the ICC profile-based color space, then a second 210 <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code> derived from this inferred color 211 space will be included in the 212 <a href="../../../../java/util/Iterator.html">Iterator</a> returned by 213 <code>ImageReader.getImageTypes</code>. If the iterator contains 214 more than one type, the first one will be based on the ICC profile and the 215 second on the inferred color space.</p> 216 217 <h4><a name="MetadataIssuesRead"/>Metadata Issues</h4> 218 219 By default all recognized fields in the TIFF image file directory (IFD) are 220 loaded into the native image metadata object. Which fields are loaded may be 221 controlled by setting which TIFF tags the reader is allowed to recognize, 222 whether to read fields with unrecognized tags, and whether to ignore all 223 metadata. The reader is informed to disregard all metadata as usual via the 224 <code>ignoreMetadata</code> parameter of 225 <code>ImageReader.setInput(Object,boolean,boolean)</code>. It is 226 informed of which <a href="../../plugins/tiff/TIFFTag.html">TIFFTag</a>s to 227 recognize or not to recognize via 228 <code>TIFFImageReadParam.addAllowedTagSet(TIFFTagSet)</code> and 229 <code>TIFFImageReadParam.removeAllowedTagSet(TIFFTagSet)</code>. 230 If <code>ignoreMetadata</code> is <code>true</code>, then only metadata 231 essential to reading the image will be loaded into the native image metadata 232 object. If <code>ignoreMetadata</code> is <code>false</code>, then the reader 233 will by default load into the native image metadata object only those fields 234 which are either essential to reading the image or have a <code>TIFFTag</code> 235 contained in the one of the allowed <code>TIFFTagSet</code>s. Reading of 236 fields with tags not in the allowed <code>TIFFTagSet</code>s may be forced 237 by passing in a <code>TIFFImageReadParam</code> on which 238 <code>TIFFImageReadParam.setReadUnknownTags(boolean)</code> has been 239 invoked with parameter <code>true</code>. 240 241 <p>Use of a <a href="../../plugins/tiff/TIFFDirectory.html">TIFFDirectory</a> 242 object may simplify gaining access to metadata values. An instance of 243 <code>TIFFDirectory</code> may be created from the <code>IIOMetadata</code> 244 object returned by the TIFF reader using the 245 <code>TIFFDirectory.createFromMetadata</code> method.</p> 246 247 <h5><a name="MapNativeStandard"/> 248 Mapping of TIFF Native Image Metadata to the Standard Metadata Format</h5> 249 250 The derivation of standard metadata format 251 <a href="standard_metadata.html">javax_imageio_1.0</a> 252 elements from <a href="#ImageMetadata">TIFF native image metadata</a> is given 253 in the following table. 254 255 <p> 256 <table border="1"> 257 <tr> 258 <th>Standard Metadata Element</th> 259 <th>Derivation from TIFF Fields</th> 260 </tr> 261 <tr> 262 <td>/Chroma/ColorSpaceType@name</td> 263 <td>PhotometricInterpretation: WhiteIsZero, BlackIsZero, TransparencyMask = 264 "GRAY"; RGB, PaletteColor => "RGB"; CMYK => "CMYK"; 265 YCbCr => "YCbCr"; 266 CIELab, ICCLab => "Lab".</td> 267 </tr> 268 <tr> 269 <td>/Chroma/NumChannels@value</td> 270 <td>SamplesPerPixel</td> 271 </tr> 272 <tr> 273 <td>/Chroma/BlackIsZero@value</td> 274 <td>"TRUE" <=> PhotometricInterpretation => WhiteIsZero</td> 275 </tr> 276 <tr> 277 <td>/Chroma/Palette</td> 278 <td>ColorMap</td> 279 </tr> 280 <tr> 281 <td>/Compression/CompressionTypeName@value</td> 282 <td>Compression: Uncompressed => "none"; CCITT 1D => "CCITT 283 RLE"; 284 Group 3 Fax => "CCITT T.4"; Group 4 Fax => "CCITT T.6"; 285 LZW => "LZW"; 286 JPEG => "Old JPEG"; New JPEG => "JPEG"; Zlib =>> "ZLib"; PackBits => 287 "PackBits"; 288 Deflate => "Deflate"; Exif JPEG => "JPEG".</td> 289 </tr> 290 <tr> 291 <td>/Compression/Lossless@value</td> 292 <td>Compression: JPEG or New JPEG => "FALSE"; otherwise "TRUE".</td> 293 </tr> 294 <tr> 295 <td>/Data/PlanarConfiguration@value</td> 296 <td>Chunky => "PixelInterleaved"; Planar => "PlaneInterleaved".</td> 297 </tr> 298 <tr> 299 <td>/Data/SampleFormat@value</td> 300 <td>PhotometricInterpretation PaletteColor => "Index"; 301 SampleFormat unsigned integer data => "UnsignedIntegral"; 302 SampleFormat two's complement signed integer data => "SignedIntegral"; 303 SampleFormat IEEE floating point data => "Real"; 304 otherwise element not emitted. 305 </td> 306 </tr> 307 <tr> 308 <td>/Data/BitsPerSample@value</td> 309 <td>BitsPerSample as a space-separated list.</td> 310 </tr> 311 <tr> 312 <td>/Data/SampleMSB@value</td> 313 <td>FillOrder: left-to-right => space-separated list of BitsPerSample-1; 314 right-to-left => space-separated list of 0s.</td> 315 </tr> 316 <tr> 317 <td>/Dimension/PixelAspectRatio@value</td> 318 <td>(1/XResolution)/(1/YResolution)</td> 319 </tr> 320 <tr> 321 <td>/Dimension/ImageOrientation@value</td> 322 <td>Orientation</td> 323 </tr> 324 <tr> 325 <td>/Dimension/HorizontalPixelSize@value</td> 326 <td>1/XResolution in millimeters if ResolutionUnit is not None.</td> 327 </tr> 328 <tr> 329 <td>/Dimension/VerticalPixelSize@value</td> 330 <td>1/YResolution in millimeters if ResolutionUnit is not None.</td> 331 </tr> 332 <tr> 333 <td>/Dimension/HorizontalPosition@value</td> 334 <td>XPosition in millimeters if ResolutionUnit is not None.</td> 335 </tr> 336 <tr> 337 <td>/Dimension/VerticalPosition@value</td> 338 <td>YPosition in millimeters if ResolutionUnit is not None.</td> 339 </tr> 340 <tr> 341 <td>/Document/FormatVersion@value</td> 342 <td>6.0</td> 343 </tr> 344 <tr> 345 <td>/Document/SubimageInterpretation@value</td> 346 <td>NewSubFileType: transparency => "TransparencyMask"; 347 reduced-resolution => "ReducedResolution"; 348 single page => "SinglePage".</td> 349 </tr> 350 <tr> 351 <td>/Document/ImageCreationTime@value</td> 352 <td>DateTime</td> 353 </tr> 354 <tr> 355 <td>/Text/TextEntry</td> 356 <td>DocumentName, ImageDescription, Make, Model, PageName, Software, 357 Artist, HostComputer, InkNames, Copyright: 358 /Text/TextEntry@keyword = field name, 359 /Text/TextEntry@value = field value.<br> 360 Example: TIFF Software field => /Text/TextEntry@keyword = "Software", 361 /Text/TextEntry@value = Name and version number of the software package(s) 362 used to create the image.</td> 363 </tr> 364 <tr> 365 <td>/Transparency/Alpha@value</td> 366 <td>ExtraSamples: associated alpha => "premultiplied"; 367 unassociated alpha => "nonpremultiplied".</td> 368 </tr> 369 </table> 370 </p> 371 372 <h4><a name="ExifRead"/>Reading Exif Images</h4> 373 374 The TIFF reader may be used to read an uncompressed Exif image or the 375 contents of the <tt>APP1</tt> marker segment of a compressed Exif image. 376 377 <h5><a name="ExifReadTIFF"/>Reading Uncompressed Exif Images</h5> 378 379 An uncompressed Exif image is a one- or two-page uncompressed TIFF image 380 with a specific ordering of its IFD and image data content. Each pixel 381 has three 8-bit samples with photometric interpretation RGB or YCbCr. 382 The image stream must contain a single primary image and may contain a 383 single thumbnail which if present must also be uncompressed. The usual 384 <code>ImageReader</code> methods may be used to read the image 385 data and metadata: 386 387 <pre><code> 388 ImageInputStream input; 389 ImageReader tiffReader; 390 ImageReadParam tiffReadParam; 391 392 tiffReader.setInput(input); 393 394 // Read primary image and IFD. 395 BufferedImage image = tiffReader.read(0, tiffReadParam); 396 IIOMetadata primaryIFD = tiffReader.getImageMetadata(0); 397 398 // Read thumbnail if present. 399 BufferedImage thumbnail = null; 400 if (tiffReader.getNumImages(true) > 1) { 401 thumbnail = tiffReader.read(1, tiffReadParam); 402 } 403 </code></pre> 404 405 Note that the Exif thumbnail is treated as a separate page in the TIFF 406 stream and not as a thumbnail, i.e., 407 <code>tiffReader.hasThumbnails(0)</code> will return <code>false</code>. 408 409 <h5><a name="ExifReadJPEG"/>Reading Compressed Exif Images</h5> 410 411 A compressed Exif image is a 3-band ISO/IEC 10918-1 baseline DCT JPEG stream 412 with an inserted <tt>APP1</tt> marker segment. The parameters of the marker 413 segment after the length are the 6-byte sequence 414 <code>{'E', 'x', 'i', 'f', 0x00, 0x00}</code></code> 415 followed by a complete TIFF stream. The embedded TIFF stream contains a primary 416 IFD describing the JPEG image optionally followed by a thumbnail IFD and 417 compressed or uncompressed thumbnail image data. Note that the embedded TIFF 418 stream does not contain any image data associated with the primary IFD 419 nor any descriptive fields which duplicate information found in the JPEG 420 stream itself. 421 422 <p>The parameter content of the <tt>APP1</tt> marker segment may be obtained 423 from the user object of the associated <code>Node</code> in a 424 <tt>javax_imageio_jpeg_image_1.0</tt> native image metadata tree extracted 425 from the image metadata object returned by the JPEG reader. This APP1 Exif 426 node will be a child of the node named "markerSequence" and will 427 have name <tt>unknown</tt> and an attribute named <tt>MarkerTag</tt> with 428 integral value <code>0xE1</code> (<code>String</code> value 429 <code>"225"</code>). The user object of this node will be a byte array 430 which starts with the six bytes <code>{'E', 'x', 'i', 'f', '0', '0'}</code>. 431 The primary IFD and the thumbnail IFD and image may be 432 read from the user object by the usual <code>ImageReader</code> 433 methods: 434 435 <pre><code> 436 ImageReader jpegReader; 437 ImageReader tiffReader; 438 439 // Obtain the APP1 Exif marker data from the JPEG image metadata. 440 IIOMetadata jpegImageMetadata = jpegReader.getImageMetadata(0); 441 String nativeFormat = jpegImageMetadata.getNativeMetadataFormatName(); 442 Node jpegImageMetadataTree = jpegImageMetadata.getAsTree(nativeFormat); 443 444 // getExifMarkerData() returns the byte array which is the user object 445 // of the APP1 Exif marker node. 446 byte[] app1Params = getExifMarkerData(jpegImageMetadataTree); 447 if (app1Params == null) { 448 throw new IIOException("APP1 Exif marker not found."); 449 } 450 451 // Set up input, skipping Exif ID 6-byte sequence. 452 MemoryCacheImageInputStream app1ExifInput 453 = new MemoryCacheImageInputStream 454 (new ByteArrayInputStream(app1Params, 6, app1Params.length - 6)); 455 tiffReader.setInput(app1ExifInput); 456 457 // Read primary IFD. 458 IIOMetadata primaryIFD = tiffReader.getImageMetadata(0); 459 460 // Read thumbnail if present. 461 BufferedImage thumbnail = null; 462 if (tiffReader.getNumImages(true) > 1) { 463 thumbnail = tiffReader.read(1, tiffReadParam); 464 } 465 466 // Read the primary image. 467 BufferedImage image = jpegReader.read(0); 468 </code></pre> 469 470 Note that <code>tiffReader.getNumImages(true)</code> returns the number of 471 IFDs in the embedded TIFF stream including those corresponding to empty 472 images. Calling <code>tiffReader.read(0, readParam)</code> will throw 473 an exception as the primary image in the embedded TIFF stream is always 474 empty; the primary image should be obtained using the JPEG reader itself. 475 </p> 476 477 <h3><a name="Writing"/>Writing Images</h3> 478 479 TIFF images are written by a <a href="../../ImageWriter.html">ImageWriter</a> which may be 480 controlled by its public interface as well as via a supplied 481 <a href="../../ImageWriteParam.html">ImageWriteParam</a>. For an <code>ImageWriteParam</code> returned 482 by the <code>getDefaultWriteParam()</code> method of the TIFF <code>ImageWriter</code>, 483 the <code>canWriteTiles()</code> and <code>canWriteCompressed()</code> methods 484 will return <code>true</code>; the <code>canOffsetTiles()</code> and 485 <code>canWriteProgressive()</code> methods will return <code>false</code>.</p> 486 487 The TIFF writer supports many optional capabilities including writing tiled 488 images, inserting images, writing or inserting empty images, and replacing image 489 data. Pixels may be replaced in either empty or non-empty images but if and 490 only if the data are not compressed. 491 492 <p> If tiles are being written, then each of their dimensions will be 493 rounded to the nearest multiple of 16 per the TIFF specification. If 494 JPEG-in-TIFF compression is being used, and tiles are being written 495 each tile dimension will be rounded to the nearest multiple of 8 times 496 the JPEG minimum coded unit (MCU) in that dimension. If JPEG-in-TIFF 497 compression is being used and strips are being written, the number of 498 rows per strip is rounded to a multiple of 8 times the maximum MCU over 499 both dimensions.</p> 500 501 <!-- <h4>Supported Image Types</h4> --> 502 503 <!-- Table? --> 504 505 <h4><a name="Compression"/>Compression</h4> 506 507 The compression type may be set via the <code>setCompressionType()</code> method of 508 the <code>ImageWriteParam</code> after setting the compression mode to 509 <code>MODE_EXPLICIT</code>. The set of innately 510 supported compression types is listed in the following table: 511 512 <table border=1> 513 <caption><b>Supported Compression Types</b></caption> 514 <tr><th>Compression Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Reference</th></tr> 515 <tr> 516 <td>CCITT RLE</td> 517 <td>Modified Huffman compression</td> 518 <td>TIFF 6.0 Specification, Section 10</td> 519 </tr> 520 <tr> 521 <td>CCITT T.4</td> 522 <td>CCITT T.4 bilevel encoding/Group 3 facsimile compression</td> 523 <td>TIFF 6.0 Specification, Section 11</td> 524 </tr> 525 <tr> 526 <td>CCITT T.6</td> 527 <td>CCITT T.6 bilevel encoding/Group 4 facsimile compression</td> 528 <td>TIFF 6.0 Specification, Section 11</td></tr> 529 <tr> 530 <td>LZW</td> 531 <td>LZW compression</td> 532 <td>TIFF 6.0 Specification, Section 13</td></tr> 533 <tr> 534 <td>JPEG</td> 535 <td>"New" JPEG-in-TIFF compression</td> 536 <td><a href="ftp://ftp.sgi.com/graphics/tiff/TTN2.draft.txt">TIFF 537 Technical Note #2</a></td> 538 </tr> 539 <tr> 540 <td>ZLib</td> 541 <td>"Deflate/Inflate" compression (see note following this table)</td> 542 <td><a href="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/tiff/TIFFphotoshop.pdf"> 543 Adobe Photoshop® TIFF Technical Notes</a> (PDF)</td> 544 </tr> 545 <tr> 546 <td>PackBits</td> 547 <td>Byte-oriented, run length compression</td> 548 <td>TIFF 6.0 Specification, Section 9</td> 549 </tr> 550 <tr> 551 <td>Deflate</td> 552 <td>"Zip-in-TIFF" compression (see note following this table)</td> 553 <td><a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1950"> 554 ZLIB Compressed Data Format Specification</a>, 555 <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1951"> 556 DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification</a></td> 557 </tr> 558 <tr> 559 <td>Exif JPEG</td> 560 <td>Exif-specific JPEG compression (see note following this table)</td> 561 <td><a href="http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF">Exif 2.2 Specification</a> 562 (PDF), section 4.5.5, "Basic Structure of Thumbnail Data"</td> 563 </table> 564 565 <p> 566 Old-style JPEG compression as described in section 22 of the TIFF 6.0 567 Specification is <i>not</i> supported. 568 </p> 569 570 <p> The CCITT compression types are applicable to bilevel (1-bit) 571 images only. The JPEG compression type is applicable to byte 572 grayscale (1-band) and RGB (3-band) images only.</p> 573 574 <p> 575 ZLib and Deflate compression are identical except for the value of the 576 TIFF Compression field: for ZLib the Compression field has value 8 577 whereas for Deflate it has value 32946 (0x80b2). In both cases each 578 image segment (strip or tile) is written as a single complete zlib data 579 stream. 580 </p> 581 582 <p> 583 "Exif JPEG" is a compression type used when writing the contents of an 584 APP1 Exif marker segment for inclusion in a JPEG native image metadata 585 tree. The contents appended to the output when this compression type is 586 used are a function of whether an empty or non-empty image is written. 587 If the image is empty, then a TIFF IFD adhering to the specification of 588 a compressed Exif primary IFD is appended. If the image is non-empty, 589 then a complete IFD and image adhering to the specification of a 590 compressed Exif thumbnail IFD and image are appended. Note that the 591 data of the empty image may <i>not</i> later be appended using the pixel 592 replacement capability of the TIFF writer. 593 </p> 594 595 <p> If ZLib/Deflate or JPEG compression is used, the compression quality 596 may be set. For ZLib/Deflate the supplied floating point quality value is 597 rescaled to the range <tt>[1, 9]</tt> and truncated to an integer 598 to derive the Deflate compression level. For JPEG the floating point 599 quality value is passed directly to the JPEG writer plug-in which 600 interprets it in the usual way.</p> 601 602 <h4><a name="ColorConversionWrite"/>Color Conversion</h4> 603 604 <p>If the source image data 605 color space type is RGB, and the destination photometric type is CIE L*a*b* or 606 YCbCr, then the source image data will be automatically converted from 607 RGB using an internal color converter.</p> 608 609 <h4><a name="ICCProfilesWrite"/>ICC Profiles</h4> 610 611 An <tt>ICC Profile</tt> field will be written if either: 612 <ul> 613 <li>one is present in the native image metadata 614 <a href="../IIOMetadata.html">IIOMetadata</a> instance supplied to the writer, 615 or</li> 616 <li>the <a href="../../../../java/awt/color/ColorSpace.html">ColorSpace</a> 617 of the destination <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code> is an instance of 618 <code>ICC_ColorSpace</code> which is not one of the standard 619 color spaces defined by the <tt>CS_*</tt> constants in the 620 <code>ColorSpace</code> class. The destination type is set via 621 <code>ImageWriteParam.setDestinationType(ImageTypeSpecifier)</code> and defaults 622 to the <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code> of the image being written. 623 </li> 624 </ul> 625 626 <h4><a name="MetadataIssuesWrite"/>Metadata Issues</h4> 627 628 Some behavior of the writer is affected by or may affect the contents of 629 the image metadata which may be supplied by the user. 630 631 <p>For bilevel images, the <tt>FillOrder</tt>, and <tt>T4Options</tt> 632 fields affect the output data. The data will be filled right-to-left if 633 <tt>FillOrder</tt> is present with a value of 2 634 (<code>BaselineTIFFTagSet.FILL_ORDER_RIGHT_TO_LEFT</code>) 635 and will be filled left-to-right otherwise. The value of <tt>T4Options</tt> 636 specifies whether the data should be 1D- or 2D-encoded and whether EOL 637 padding should be used.</p> 638 639 <p>For all images the value of the <tt>RowsPerStrip</tt> field is used 640 to the set the number of rows per strip if the image is not tiled. The 641 default number of rows per strip is either 8 or the number of rows which 642 would fill no more than 8 kilobytes, whichever is larger.</p> 643 644 <p>For all images the tile dimensions may be set using the <tt>TileWidth</tt> 645 and <tt>TileLength</tt> field values if the tiling mode is 646 <code>ImageWriteParam.MODE_COPY_FROM_METADATA</code>. If this mode 647 is set but the fields are not, their respective default values are the image 648 width and height.</p> 649 650 <p>When using JPEG-in-TIFF compression, a <tt>JPEGTables</tt> field will be 651 written to the IFD and abbreviated JPEG streams to each strip or tile if and 652 only if a <tt>JPEGTables</tt> field is contained in the metadata object 653 provided to the writer. If the contents of the <tt>JPEGTables</tt> field is 654 a valid tables-only JPEG stream, then it will be used; otherwise the contents 655 of the field will be replaced with default visually lossless tables. If no 656 such <tt>JPEGTables</tt> field is present in the metadata, then no 657 <tt>JPEGTables</tt> field will be written to the output and each strip or 658 tile will be written as a separate, self-contained JPEG stream.</p> 659 660 <p>When using Deflate/ZLib or LZW compression, if the image has 8 bits per 661 sample, a horizontal differencing predictor will be used if the 662 <tt>Predictor</tt> field is present with a value of 2 663 (<code>BaselineTIFFTagSet.PREDICTOR_HORIZONTAL_DIFFERENCING</code>). 664 If prediction is so requested but the image does not have 665 8 bits per sample the field will be reset to have the value 1 666 (<code>BaselineTIFFTagSet.PREDICTOR_NONE</code>). 667 </p> 668 669 <p>Some fields may be added or modified: 670 671 <ul> 672 <li><tt>PhotometricInterpretation</tt> if not present.</li> 673 <li><tt>PlanarConfiguration</tt> if this field is present with value 674 <tt>Planar</tt> is is reset to <tt>Chunky</tt>.</li> 675 <li><tt>Compression</tt> always.</li> 676 <li><tt>BitsPerSample</tt> if the image is not bilevel.</li> 677 <li><tt>SamplesPerPixel</tt> always.</li> 678 <li><tt>ExtraSamples</tt> if an alpha channel is present.</li> 679 <li><tt>SampleFormat</tt> if not present and the data are 16- or 32-bit 680 integers or floating point.</li> 681 <li><tt>ColorMap</tt> if the <tt>PhotometricInterpretation</tt> is 682 <tt>RGBPalette</tt>.</li> 683 <li><tt>ImageWidth</tt> and <tt>ImageLength</tt> always.</li> 684 <li><tt>TileWidth</tt>, <tt>TileLength</tt>, <tt>TileOffsets</tt>, and 685 <tt>TileByteCounts</tt> if a tiled image is being written.</li> 686 <li><tt>RowsPerStrip</tt>, <tt>StripOffsets</tt>, and <tt>StripByteCounts</tt> 687 if a tiled image is <i>not</i> being written.</li> 688 <li><tt>XResolution</tt>, <tt>YResolution</tt>, and <tt>ResolutionUnit</tt> 689 if none of these is present.</li> 690 <li><tt>YCbCrSubsampling</tt> and <tt>YCbCrPositioning</tt> if the 691 photometric interpretation is YCbCr and the compression type is not JPEG 692 (only [1, 1] subsampling and cosited positioning are supported for 693 non-JPEG YCbCr output).</li> 694 <li><tt>YCbCrSubsampling</tt>, <tt>YCbCrPositioning</tt>, and 695 <tt>ReferenceBlackWhite</tt>: if the compression type is JPEG and the color 696 space is RGB these will be reset to [2, 2] centered subsampling with no 697 headroom/footroom (0:255,128:255,128:255).</li> 698 </ul> 699 700 <p>Some fields may be removed: 701 702 <ul> 703 <li><tt>BitsPerSample</tt> if the image is bilevel.</li> 704 <li><tt>ExtraSamples</tt> if the image does not have an alpha channel.</li> 705 <li><tt>ColorMap</tt> if the photometric interpretation is not 706 <tt>RGBPalette</tt>.</li> 707 <li><tt>TileWidth</tt>, <tt>TileLength</tt>, <tt>TileOffsets</tt>, and 708 <tt>TileByteCounts</tt> if tiling <i>is not</i> being used.</li> 709 <li><tt>RowsPerStrip</tt>, <tt>StripOffsets</tt>, and <tt>StripByteCounts</tt> 710 if tiling <i>is</i> being used.</li> 711 <li><tt>YCbCrSubsampling</tt>, <tt>YCbCrPositioning</tt>, and 712 <tt>ReferenceBlackWhite</tt> if the compression type is JPEG and the 713 color space is grayscale.</li> 714 <li><tt>JPEGProc</tt>, <tt>JPEGInterchangeFormat</tt>, 715 <tt>JPEGInterchangeFormatLength</tt>, <tt>JPEGRestartInterval</tt>, 716 <tt>JPEGLosslessPredictors</tt>, <tt>JPEGPointTransforms</tt>, 717 <tt>JPEGQTables</tt>, <tt>JPEGDCTables</tt>, and 718 <tt>JPEGACTables</tt> if the compression type is JPEG.</li> 719 </ul> 720 </p> 721 722 <p>Other fields present in the supplied metadata are uninterpreted and will 723 be written as supplied.</p> 724 725 <p>If an Exif image is being written, the set of fields present and their 726 values will be modified such that the result is in accord with the Exif 2.2 727 specification.</p> 728 729 <p>Setting up the image metadata to write to a TIFF stream may be simplified 730 by using the <code>TIFFDirectory</code> class 731 which represents a TIFF IFD. A field in a TIFF IFD is represented by an 732 instance of <a href="../../plugins/tiff/TIFFField.html">TIFFField</a>. For each 733 field to be written a <code>TIFFField</code> may be added to the 734 <code>TIFFDirectory</code> and the latter converted to an 735 <code>IIOMetadata</code> object by invoking 736 <code>TIFFDirectory.getAsMetadata</code>. The 737 <code>IIOMetadata</code> object so obtained may then be passed to the TIFF 738 writer.</p> 739 740 <h5><a name="MapStandardNative"/> 741 Mapping of the Standard Metadata Format to TIFF Native Image Metadata</h5> 742 743 The derivation of <a href="#ImageMetadata">TIFF native image metadata</a> 744 elements from the standard metadata format 745 <a href="standard_metadata.html">javax_imageio_1.0</a> is 746 given in the following table. 747 748 <p> 749 <table border="1"> 750 <tr> 751 <th>TIFF Field</th> 752 <th>Derivation from Standard Metadata Elements</th> 753 </tr> 754 <tr> 755 <td> 756 PhotometricInterpretation 757 </td> 758 <td>/Chroma/ColorSpaceType@name: "GRAY" and /Chroma/BlackIsZero@value = "FALSE" 759 => WhiteIsZero; "GRAY" and /Document/SubimageInterpretation@value = 760 "TransparencyMask" => TransparencyMask; "RGB" and /Chroma/Palette present => 761 PaletteColor; "GRAY" => BlackIsZero; "RGB" => RGB; "YCbCr" => YCbCr; 762 "CMYK" => CMYK; "Lab" => CIELab.</td> 763 </tr> 764 <tr> 765 <td>SamplesPerPixel</td> 766 <td>/Chroma/NumChannels@value</td> 767 </tr> 768 <tr> 769 <td>ColorMap</td> 770 <td>/Chroma/Palette</td> 771 </tr> 772 <tr> 773 <td>Compression</td> 774 <td>/Compression/CompressionTypeName@value: "none" => Uncompressed; 775 "CCITT RLE" => CCITT 1D; "CCITT T.4" => Group 3 Fax; "CCITT T.6" => Group 4 776 Fax; "LZW" => LZW; "Old JPEG" => JPEG; "JPEG" => New JPEG; "ZLib" => ZLib; 777 "PackBits" => PackBits; "Deflate" => Deflate.</td> 778 </tr> 779 <tr> 780 <td>PlanarConfiguration</td> 781 <td>/Data/PlanarConfiguration@value: "PixelInterleaved" => Chunky; 782 "PlaneInterleaved" => Planar.</td> 783 </tr> 784 <tr> 785 <td>SampleFormat</td> 786 <td>/Data/SampleFormat@value: "SignedIntegral" => two's complement signed 787 integer data; "UnsignedIntegral" => unsigned integer data; "Real" => 788 IEEE floating point data; "Index" => unsigned integer data. 789 </td> 790 </tr> 791 <tr> 792 <td>BitsPerSample</td> 793 <td>/Data/BitsPerSample@value: space-separated list parsed to char array.</td> 794 </tr> 795 <tr> 796 <td>FillOrder</td> 797 <td>/Data/SampleMSB@value: if all values in space-separated list are 0s => 798 right-to-left; otherwise => left-to-right. 799 </td> 800 </tr> 801 <tr> 802 <td>XResolution</td> 803 <td>(10 / /Dimension/HorizontalPixelSize@value) or 804 (10 / (/Dimension/VerticalPixelSize@value * 805 /Dimension/PixelAspectRatio@value))</td> 806 </tr> 807 <tr> 808 <td>YResolution</td> 809 <td>(10 / /Dimension/VerticalPixelSize@value) or 810 (10 / (/Dimension/HorizontalPixelSize@value / 811 /Dimension/PixelAspectRatio@value))</td> 812 </tr> 813 <tr> 814 <td>ResolutionUnit</td> 815 <td>Centimeter if XResolution or YResolution set; otherwise None.</td> 816 </tr> 817 <tr> 818 <td>Orientation</td> 819 <td>/Dimension/ImageOrientation@value</td> 820 </tr> 821 <tr> 822 <td>XPosition</td> 823 <td>/Dimension/HorizontalPosition@value / 10</td> 824 </tr> 825 <tr> 826 <td>YPosition</td> 827 <td>/Dimension/VerticalPosition@value / 10</td> 828 </tr> 829 <tr> 830 <td>NewSubFileType</td> 831 <td>/Document/SubimageInterpretation@value: "TransparencyMask" => 832 transparency mask; "ReducedResolution" => reduced-resolution; 833 "SinglePage" => single page.</td> 834 </tr> 835 <tr> 836 <td>DateTime</td> 837 <td>/Document/ImageCreationTime@value</td> 838 </tr> 839 <tr> 840 <td>DocumentName, ImageDescription, Make, Model, PageName, Software, 841 Artist, HostComputer, InkNames, Copyright</td> 842 <td>/Text/TextEntry: if /Text/TextEntry@keyword is the name of any of the 843 TIFF Fields, e.g., "Software", then the field is added with content 844 /Text/TextEntry@value and count 1.</td> 845 </tr> 846 <tr> 847 <td>ExtraSamples</td> 848 <td>/Transparency/Alpha@value: "premultiplied" => associated alpha, count 1; 849 "nonpremultiplied" => unassociated alpha, count 1.</td> 850 </tr> 851 <tr> 852 <td></td> 853 <td></td> 854 </tr> 855 </table> 856 </p> 857 858 <h4><a name="ExifWrite"/>Writing Exif Images</h4> 859 860 The TIFF writer may be used to write an uncompressed Exif image or the 861 contents of the <tt>APP1</tt> marker segment of a compressed Exif image. 862 863 <h5><a name="ExifWriteTIFF"/>Writing Uncompressed Exif Images</h5> 864 865 When writing a sequence of images each image is normally recorded as 866 {IFD, IFD Value, Image Data}. The Exif specification requires 867 that an uncompressed Exif image be structured as follows: 868 869 <ol> 870 <a name="ExifStructure"/> 871 <li>Image File Header</li> 872 <li>Primary IFD</li> 873 <li>Primary IFD Value</li> 874 <li>Thumbnail IFD</li> 875 <li>Thumbnail IFD Value</li> 876 <li>Thumbnail Image Data</li> 877 <li>Primary Image Data</li> 878 </ol> 879 880 To meet the requirement of the primary image data being recorded last, the 881 primary image must be written initially as an empty image and have its data 882 added via pixel replacement after the thumbnail IFD and image data have been 883 written: 884 885 <pre><code> 886 ImageWriter tiffWriter; 887 ImageWriteParam tiffWriteParam; 888 IIOMetadata tiffStreamMetadata; 889 IIOMetadata primaryIFD; 890 BufferedImage image; 891 BufferedImage thumbnail; 892 893 // Specify uncompressed output. 894 tiffWriteParam.setCompressionMode(ImageWriteParam.MODE_DISABLED); 895 896 if (thumbnail != null) { 897 // Write the TIFF header. 898 tiffWriter.prepareWriteSequence(tiffStreamMetadata); 899 900 // Append the primary IFD. 901 tiffWriter.prepareInsertEmpty(-1, // append 902 new ImageTypeSpecifier(image), 903 image.getWidth(), 904 image.getHeight(), 905 primaryIFD, 906 null, // thumbnails 907 tiffWriteParam); 908 tiffWriter.endInsertEmpty(); 909 910 // Append the thumbnail image data. 911 tiffWriter.writeToSequence(new IIOImage(thumbnail, null, null), 912 tiffWriteParam); 913 914 // Insert the primary image data. 915 tiffWriter.prepareReplacePixels(0, new Rectangle(image.getWidth(), 916 image.getHeight())); 917 tiffWriter.replacePixels(image, tiffWriteParam); 918 tiffWriter.endReplacePixels(); 919 920 // End writing. 921 tiffWriter.endWriteSequence(); 922 } else { 923 // Write only the primary IFD and image data. 924 tiffWriter.write(tiffStreamMetadata, 925 new IIOImage(image, null, primaryIFD), 926 tiffWriteParam); 927 } 928 </code></pre> 929 930 <h5><a name="ExifWriteJPEG"/>Writing Compressed Exif Images</h5> 931 932 The structure of the embedded TIFF stream in the <tt>APP1</tt> segment of a 933 compressed Exif image is identical to the <a href="#ExifStructure"> 934 uncompressed Exif image structure</a> except that there are no primary 935 image data, i.e., the primary IFD does not refer to any image data. 936 937 <pre><code> 938 ImageWriter tiffWriter; 939 ImageWriteParam tiffWriteParam; 940 IIOMetadata tiffStreamMetadata; 941 BufferedImage image; 942 BufferedImage thumbnail; 943 IIOMetadata primaryIFD; 944 ImageOutputStream output; 945 946 // Set up an output to contain the APP1 Exif TIFF stream. 947 ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); 948 MemoryCacheImageOutputStream app1ExifOutput = 949 new MemoryCacheImageOutputStream(baos); 950 tiffWriter.setOutput(app1ExifOutput); 951 952 // Set compression for the thumbnail. 953 tiffWriteParam.setCompressionMode(ImageWriteParam.MODE_EXPLICIT); 954 tiffWriteParam.setCompressionType("Exif JPEG"); 955 956 // Write the APP1 Exif TIFF stream. 957 if (thumbnail != null) { 958 // Write the TIFF header. 959 tiffWriter.prepareWriteSequence(tiffStreamMetadata); 960 961 // Append the primary IFD. 962 tiffWriter.prepareInsertEmpty(-1, // append 963 new ImageTypeSpecifier(image), 964 image.getWidth(), 965 image.getHeight(), 966 primaryIFD, 967 null, // thumbnails 968 tiffWriteParam); 969 tiffWriter.endInsertEmpty(); 970 971 // Append the thumbnail IFD and image data. 972 tiffWriter.writeToSequence(new IIOImage(thumbnail, null, 973 null), tiffWriteParam); 974 975 // End writing. 976 tiffWriter.endWriteSequence(); 977 } else { 978 // Write only the primary IFD. 979 tiffWriter.prepareWriteEmpty(tiffStreamMetadata, 980 new ImageTypeSpecifier(image), 981 image.getWidth(), 982 image.getHeight(), 983 primaryIFD, 984 null, // thumbnails 985 tiffWriteParam); 986 tiffWriter.endWriteEmpty(); 987 } 988 989 // Flush data into byte stream. 990 app1ExifOutput.flush(); 991 992 // Create APP1 parameter array. 993 byte[] app1Parameters = new byte[6 + baos.size()]; 994 995 // Add APP1 Exif ID bytes. 996 app1Parameters[0] = (byte) 'E'; 997 app1Parameters[1] = (byte) 'x'; 998 app1Parameters[2] = (byte) 'i'; 999 app1Parameters[3] = (byte) 'f'; 1000 app1Parameters[4] = app1Parameters[5] = (byte) 0; 1001 1002 // Append TIFF stream to APP1 parameters. 1003 System.arraycopy(baos.toByteArray(), 0, app1Parameters, 6, baos.size()); 1004 1005 // Create the APP1 Exif node to be added to native JPEG image metadata. 1006 IIOMetadataNode app1Node = new IIOMetadataNode("unknown"); 1007 app1Node.setAttribute("MarkerTag", String.valueOf(0xE1)); 1008 app1Node.setUserObject(app1Parameters); 1009 1010 // Append the APP1 Exif marker to the "markerSequence" node. 1011 IIOMetadata jpegImageMetadata = 1012 jpegWriter.getDefaultImageMetadata(new ImageTypeSpecifier(image), 1013 jpegWriteParam); 1014 String nativeFormat = jpegImageMetadata.getNativeMetadataFormatName(); 1015 Node tree = jpegImageMetadata.getAsTree(nativeFormat); 1016 NodeList children = tree.getChildNodes(); 1017 int numChildren = children.getLength(); 1018 for (int i = 0; i < numChildren; i++) { 1019 Node child = children.item(i); 1020 if (child.getNodeName().equals("markerSequence")) { 1021 child.appendChild(app1Node); 1022 break; 1023 } 1024 } 1025 jpegImageMetadata.setFromTree(nativeFormat, tree); 1026 1027 // Write the JPEG image data including the APP1 Exif marker. 1028 jpegWriter.setOutput(output); 1029 jpegWriter.write(new IIOImage(image, null, jpegImageMetadata)); 1030 </code></pre> 1031 1032 The <code>"unknown"</code> node created above would be appended to the 1033 <code>"markerSequence"</code> node of the native JPEG image metadata 1034 and written to the JPEG stream when the primary image is written using 1035 the JPEG writer. 1036 1037 <h3><a name="StreamMetadata"/>Stream Metadata</h3> 1038 1039 The DTD for the TIFF native stream metadata format is as follows: 1040 1041 <pre> 1042 <!DOCTYPE "javax_imageio_tiff_stream_1.0" [ 1043 1044 <!ELEMENT "javax_imageio_tiff_stream_1.0" (ByteOrder)> 1045 1046 <!ELEMENT "ByteOrder" EMPTY> 1047 <!-- The stream byte order --> 1048 <!ATTLIST "ByteOrder" "value" #CDATA #REQUIRED> 1049 <!-- One of "BIG_ENDIAN" or "LITTLE_ENDIAN" --> 1050 <!-- Data type: String --> 1051 ]> 1052 </pre> 1053 1054 <h3><a name="ImageMetadata"/>Image Metadata</h3> 1055 1056 The DTD for the TIFF native image metadata format is as follows: 1057 1058 <pre> 1059 <!DOCTYPE "javax_imageio_tiff_image_1.0" [ 1060 1061 <!ELEMENT "javax_imageio_tiff_image_1.0" (TIFFIFD)*> 1062 1063 <!ELEMENT "TIFFIFD" (TIFFField | TIFFIFD)*> 1064 <!-- An IFD (directory) containing fields --> 1065 <!ATTLIST "TIFFIFD" "tagSets" #CDATA #REQUIRED> 1066 <!-- Data type: String --> 1067 <!ATTLIST "TIFFIFD" "parentTagNumber" #CDATA #IMPLIED> 1068 <!-- The tag number of the field pointing to this IFD --> 1069 <!-- Data type: Integer --> 1070 <!ATTLIST "TIFFIFD" "parentTagName" #CDATA #IMPLIED> 1071 <!-- A mnemonic name for the field pointing to this IFD, if known 1072 --> 1073 <!-- Data type: String --> 1074 1075 <!ELEMENT "TIFFField" (TIFFBytes | TIFFAsciis | 1076 TIFFShorts | TIFFSShorts | TIFFLongs | TIFFSLongs | 1077 TIFFRationals | TIFFSRationals | 1078 TIFFFloats | TIFFDoubles | TIFFUndefined)> 1079 <!-- A field containing data --> 1080 <!ATTLIST "TIFFField" "number" #CDATA #REQUIRED> 1081 <!-- The tag number asociated with the field --> 1082 <!-- Data type: String --> 1083 <!ATTLIST "TIFFField" "name" #CDATA #IMPLIED> 1084 <!-- A mnemonic name associated with the field, if known --> 1085 <!-- Data type: String --> 1086 1087 <!ELEMENT "TIFFBytes" (TIFFByte)*> 1088 <!-- A sequence of TIFFByte nodes --> 1089 1090 <!ELEMENT "TIFFByte" EMPTY> 1091 <!-- An integral value between 0 and 255 --> 1092 <!ATTLIST "TIFFByte" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED> 1093 <!-- The value --> 1094 <!-- Data type: String --> 1095 <!ATTLIST "TIFFByte" "description" #CDATA #IMPLIED> 1096 <!-- A description, if available --> 1097 <!-- Data type: String --> 1098 1099 <!ELEMENT "TIFFAsciis" (TIFFAscii)*> 1100 <!-- A sequence of TIFFAscii nodes --> 1101 1102 <!ELEMENT "TIFFAscii" EMPTY> 1103 <!-- A String value --> 1104 <!ATTLIST "TIFFAscii" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED> 1105 <!-- The value --> 1106 <!-- Data type: String --> 1107 1108 <!ELEMENT "TIFFShorts" (TIFFShort)*> 1109 <!-- A sequence of TIFFShort nodes --> 1110 1111 <!ELEMENT "TIFFShort" EMPTY> 1112 <!-- An integral value between 0 and 65535 --> 1113 <!ATTLIST "TIFFShort" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED> 1114 <!-- The value --> 1115 <!-- Data type: String --> 1116 <!ATTLIST "TIFFShort" "description" #CDATA #IMPLIED> 1117 <!-- A description, if available --> 1118 <!-- Data type: String --> 1119 1120 <!ELEMENT "TIFFSShorts" (TIFFSShort)*> 1121 <!-- A sequence of TIFFSShort nodes --> 1122 1123 <!ELEMENT "TIFFSShort" EMPTY> 1124 <!-- An integral value between -32768 and 32767 --> 1125 <!ATTLIST "TIFFSShort" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED> 1126 <!-- The value --> 1127 <!-- Data type: String --> 1128 <!ATTLIST "TIFFSShort" "description" #CDATA #IMPLIED> 1129 <!-- A description, if available --> 1130 <!-- Data type: String --> 1131 1132 <!ELEMENT "TIFFLongs" (TIFFLong)*> 1133 <!-- A sequence of TIFFLong nodes --> 1134 1135 <!ELEMENT "TIFFLong" EMPTY> 1136 <!-- An integral value between 0 and 4294967295 --> 1137 <!ATTLIST "TIFFLong" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED> 1138 <!-- The value --> 1139 <!-- Data type: String --> 1140 <!ATTLIST "TIFFLong" "description" #CDATA #IMPLIED> 1141 <!-- A description, if available --> 1142 <!-- Data type: String --> 1143 1144 <!ELEMENT "TIFFSLongs" (TIFFSLong)*> 1145 <!-- A sequence of TIFFSLong nodes --> 1146 1147 <!ELEMENT "TIFFSLong" EMPTY> 1148 <!-- An integral value between -2147483648 and 2147482647 --> 1149 <!ATTLIST "TIFFSLong" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED> 1150 <!-- The value --> 1151 <!-- Data type: String --> 1152 <!ATTLIST "TIFFSLong" "description" #CDATA #IMPLIED> 1153 <!-- A description, if available --> 1154 <!-- Data type: String --> 1155 1156 <!ELEMENT "TIFFRationals" (TIFFRational)*> 1157 <!-- A sequence of TIFFRational nodes --> 1158 1159 <!ELEMENT "TIFFRational" EMPTY> 1160 <!-- A rational value consisting of an unsigned numerator and 1161 denominator --> 1162 <!ATTLIST "TIFFRational" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED> 1163 <!-- The numerator and denominator, separated by a slash --> 1164 <!-- Data type: String --> 1165 1166 <!ELEMENT "TIFFSRationals" (TIFFSRational)*> 1167 <!-- A sequence of TIFFSRational nodes --> 1168 1169 <!ELEMENT "TIFFSRational" EMPTY> 1170 <!-- A rational value consisting of a signed numerator and 1171 denominator --> 1172 <!ATTLIST "TIFFSRational" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED> 1173 <!-- The numerator and denominator, separated by a slash --> 1174 <!-- Data type: String --> 1175 1176 <!ELEMENT "TIFFFloats" (TIFFFloat)*> 1177 <!-- A sequence of TIFFFloat nodes --> 1178 1179 <!ELEMENT "TIFFFloat" EMPTY> 1180 <!-- A single-precision floating-point value --> 1181 <!ATTLIST "TIFFFloat" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED> 1182 <!-- The value --> 1183 <!-- Data type: String --> 1184 1185 <!ELEMENT "TIFFDoubles" (TIFFDouble)*> 1186 <!-- A sequence of TIFFDouble nodes --> 1187 1188 <!ELEMENT "TIFFDouble" EMPTY> 1189 <!-- A double-precision floating-point value --> 1190 <!ATTLIST "TIFFDouble" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED> 1191 <!-- The value --> 1192 <!-- Data type: String --> 1193 1194 <!ELEMENT "TIFFUndefined" EMPTY> 1195 <!-- Uninterpreted byte data --> 1196 <!ATTLIST "TIFFUndefined" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED> 1197 <!-- A list of comma-separated byte values --> 1198 <!-- Data type: String --> 1199 ]> 1200 </pre> 1201 1202 @since 9 1203 1204 </body> 1205 </html>