1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "jvm.h"
  27 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/moduleEntry.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/packageEntry.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  32 #include "classfile/verifier.hpp"
  33 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  34 #include "interpreter/linkResolver.hpp"
  35 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  36 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  37 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  38 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  39 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  40 #include "oops/objArrayKlass.hpp"
  41 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  42 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  43 #include "oops/valueKlass.hpp"
  44 #include "oops/typeArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  45 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  46 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  47 #include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.inline.hpp"
  48 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  49 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  50 #include "runtime/reflection.hpp"
  51 #include "runtime/reflectionUtils.hpp"
  52 #include "runtime/signature.hpp"
  53 #include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"
  54 #include "runtime/vframe.inline.hpp"
  55 #include "utilities/globalDefinitions.hpp"
  56 
  57 static void trace_class_resolution(const Klass* to_class) {
  58   ResourceMark rm;
  59   int line_number = -1;
  60   const char * source_file = NULL;
  61   Klass* caller = NULL;
  62   JavaThread* jthread = JavaThread::current();
  63   if (jthread->has_last_Java_frame()) {
  64     vframeStream vfst(jthread);
  65     // skip over any frames belonging to java.lang.Class
  66     while (!vfst.at_end() &&
  67            vfst.method()->method_holder()->name() == vmSymbols::java_lang_Class()) {
  68       vfst.next();
  69     }
  70     if (!vfst.at_end()) {
  71       // this frame is a likely suspect
  72       caller = vfst.method()->method_holder();
  73       line_number = vfst.method()->line_number_from_bci(vfst.bci());
  74       Symbol* s = vfst.method()->method_holder()->source_file_name();
  75       if (s != NULL) {
  76         source_file = s->as_C_string();
  77       }
  78     }
  79   }
  80   if (caller != NULL) {
  81     const char * from = caller->external_name();
  82     const char * to = to_class->external_name();
  83     // print in a single call to reduce interleaving between threads
  84     if (source_file != NULL) {
  85       log_debug(class, resolve)("%s %s %s:%d (reflection)", from, to, source_file, line_number);
  86     } else {
  87       log_debug(class, resolve)("%s %s (reflection)", from, to);
  88     }
  89   }
  90 }
  91 
  92 
  93 oop Reflection::box(jvalue* value, BasicType type, TRAPS) {
  94   if (type == T_VOID) {
  95     return NULL;
  96   }
  97   if (type == T_OBJECT || type == T_ARRAY || type == T_VALUETYPE) {
  98     // regular objects are not boxed
  99     return (oop) value->l;
 100   }
 101   oop result = java_lang_boxing_object::create(type, value, CHECK_NULL);
 102   if (result == NULL) {
 103     THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), result);
 104   }
 105   return result;
 106 }
 107 
 108 
 109 BasicType Reflection::unbox_for_primitive(oop box, jvalue* value, TRAPS) {
 110   if (box == NULL) {
 111     THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), T_ILLEGAL);
 112   }
 113   return java_lang_boxing_object::get_value(box, value);
 114 }
 115 
 116 BasicType Reflection::unbox_for_regular_object(oop box, jvalue* value) {
 117   // Note:  box is really the unboxed oop.  It might even be a Short, etc.!
 118   value->l = (jobject) box;
 119   return T_OBJECT;
 120 }
 121 
 122 
 123 void Reflection::widen(jvalue* value, BasicType current_type, BasicType wide_type, TRAPS) {
 124   assert(wide_type != current_type, "widen should not be called with identical types");
 125   switch (wide_type) {
 126     case T_BOOLEAN:
 127     case T_BYTE:
 128     case T_CHAR:
 129       break;  // fail
 130     case T_SHORT:
 131       switch (current_type) {
 132         case T_BYTE:
 133           value->s = (jshort) value->b;
 134           return;
 135         default:
 136           break;
 137       }
 138       break;  // fail
 139     case T_INT:
 140       switch (current_type) {
 141         case T_BYTE:
 142           value->i = (jint) value->b;
 143           return;
 144         case T_CHAR:
 145           value->i = (jint) value->c;
 146           return;
 147         case T_SHORT:
 148           value->i = (jint) value->s;
 149           return;
 150         default:
 151           break;
 152       }
 153       break;  // fail
 154     case T_LONG:
 155       switch (current_type) {
 156         case T_BYTE:
 157           value->j = (jlong) value->b;
 158           return;
 159         case T_CHAR:
 160           value->j = (jlong) value->c;
 161           return;
 162         case T_SHORT:
 163           value->j = (jlong) value->s;
 164           return;
 165         case T_INT:
 166           value->j = (jlong) value->i;
 167           return;
 168         default:
 169           break;
 170       }
 171       break;  // fail
 172     case T_FLOAT:
 173       switch (current_type) {
 174         case T_BYTE:
 175           value->f = (jfloat) value->b;
 176           return;
 177         case T_CHAR:
 178           value->f = (jfloat) value->c;
 179           return;
 180         case T_SHORT:
 181           value->f = (jfloat) value->s;
 182           return;
 183         case T_INT:
 184           value->f = (jfloat) value->i;
 185           return;
 186         case T_LONG:
 187           value->f = (jfloat) value->j;
 188           return;
 189         default:
 190           break;
 191       }
 192       break;  // fail
 193     case T_DOUBLE:
 194       switch (current_type) {
 195         case T_BYTE:
 196           value->d = (jdouble) value->b;
 197           return;
 198         case T_CHAR:
 199           value->d = (jdouble) value->c;
 200           return;
 201         case T_SHORT:
 202           value->d = (jdouble) value->s;
 203           return;
 204         case T_INT:
 205           value->d = (jdouble) value->i;
 206           return;
 207         case T_FLOAT:
 208           value->d = (jdouble) value->f;
 209           return;
 210         case T_LONG:
 211           value->d = (jdouble) value->j;
 212           return;
 213         default:
 214           break;
 215       }
 216       break;  // fail
 217     default:
 218       break;  // fail
 219   }
 220   THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "argument type mismatch");
 221 }
 222 
 223 
 224 BasicType Reflection::array_get(jvalue* value, arrayOop a, int index, TRAPS) {
 225   if (!a->is_within_bounds(index)) {
 226     THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(), T_ILLEGAL);
 227   }
 228   if (a->is_objArray()) {
 229     value->l = (jobject) objArrayOop(a)->obj_at(index);
 230     return T_OBJECT;
 231   } else {
 232     assert(a->is_typeArray(), "just checking");
 233     BasicType type = TypeArrayKlass::cast(a->klass())->element_type();
 234     switch (type) {
 235       case T_BOOLEAN:
 236         value->z = typeArrayOop(a)->bool_at(index);
 237         break;
 238       case T_CHAR:
 239         value->c = typeArrayOop(a)->char_at(index);
 240         break;
 241       case T_FLOAT:
 242         value->f = typeArrayOop(a)->float_at(index);
 243         break;
 244       case T_DOUBLE:
 245         value->d = typeArrayOop(a)->double_at(index);
 246         break;
 247       case T_BYTE:
 248         value->b = typeArrayOop(a)->byte_at(index);
 249         break;
 250       case T_SHORT:
 251         value->s = typeArrayOop(a)->short_at(index);
 252         break;
 253       case T_INT:
 254         value->i = typeArrayOop(a)->int_at(index);
 255         break;
 256       case T_LONG:
 257         value->j = typeArrayOop(a)->long_at(index);
 258         break;
 259       default:
 260         return T_ILLEGAL;
 261     }
 262     return type;
 263   }
 264 }
 265 
 266 
 267 void Reflection::array_set(jvalue* value, arrayOop a, int index, BasicType value_type, TRAPS) {
 268   if (!a->is_within_bounds(index)) {
 269     THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException());
 270   }
 271   if (a->is_objArray()) {
 272     if (value_type == T_OBJECT) {
 273       oop obj = (oop) value->l;
 274       if (obj != NULL) {
 275         Klass* element_klass = ObjArrayKlass::cast(a->klass())->element_klass();
 276         if (!obj->is_a(element_klass)) {
 277           THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "array element type mismatch");
 278         }
 279       }
 280       objArrayOop(a)->obj_at_put(index, obj);
 281     }
 282   } else {
 283     assert(a->is_typeArray(), "just checking");
 284     BasicType array_type = TypeArrayKlass::cast(a->klass())->element_type();
 285     if (array_type != value_type) {
 286       // The widen operation can potentially throw an exception, but cannot block,
 287       // so typeArrayOop a is safe if the call succeeds.
 288       widen(value, value_type, array_type, CHECK);
 289     }
 290     switch (array_type) {
 291       case T_BOOLEAN:
 292         typeArrayOop(a)->bool_at_put(index, value->z);
 293         break;
 294       case T_CHAR:
 295         typeArrayOop(a)->char_at_put(index, value->c);
 296         break;
 297       case T_FLOAT:
 298         typeArrayOop(a)->float_at_put(index, value->f);
 299         break;
 300       case T_DOUBLE:
 301         typeArrayOop(a)->double_at_put(index, value->d);
 302         break;
 303       case T_BYTE:
 304         typeArrayOop(a)->byte_at_put(index, value->b);
 305         break;
 306       case T_SHORT:
 307         typeArrayOop(a)->short_at_put(index, value->s);
 308         break;
 309       case T_INT:
 310         typeArrayOop(a)->int_at_put(index, value->i);
 311         break;
 312       case T_LONG:
 313         typeArrayOop(a)->long_at_put(index, value->j);
 314         break;
 315       default:
 316         THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 317     }
 318   }
 319 }
 320 
 321 static Klass* basic_type_mirror_to_arrayklass(oop basic_type_mirror, TRAPS) {
 322   assert(java_lang_Class::is_primitive(basic_type_mirror), "just checking");
 323   BasicType type = java_lang_Class::primitive_type(basic_type_mirror);
 324   if (type == T_VOID) {
 325     THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 326   }
 327   else {
 328     return Universe::typeArrayKlassObj(type);
 329   }
 330 }
 331 
 332 arrayOop Reflection::reflect_new_array(oop element_mirror, jint length, TRAPS) {
 333   if (element_mirror == NULL) {
 334     THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
 335   }
 336   if (length < 0) {
 337     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException(), err_msg("%d", length));
 338   }
 339   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(element_mirror)) {
 340     Klass* tak = basic_type_mirror_to_arrayklass(element_mirror, CHECK_NULL);
 341     return TypeArrayKlass::cast(tak)->allocate(length, THREAD);
 342   } else {
 343     Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(element_mirror);
 344     if (k->is_array_klass() && ArrayKlass::cast(k)->dimension() >= MAX_DIM) {
 345       THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 346     }
 347     return oopFactory::new_array(k, length, THREAD);
 348   }
 349 }
 350 
 351 
 352 arrayOop Reflection::reflect_new_multi_array(oop element_mirror, typeArrayOop dim_array, TRAPS) {
 353   assert(dim_array->is_typeArray(), "just checking");
 354   assert(TypeArrayKlass::cast(dim_array->klass())->element_type() == T_INT, "just checking");
 355 
 356   if (element_mirror == NULL) {
 357     THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
 358   }
 359 
 360   int len = dim_array->length();
 361   if (len <= 0 || len > MAX_DIM) {
 362     THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 363   }
 364 
 365   jint dimensions[MAX_DIM];   // C array copy of intArrayOop
 366   for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 367     int d = dim_array->int_at(i);
 368     if (d < 0) {
 369       THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException(), err_msg("%d", d));
 370     }
 371     dimensions[i] = d;
 372   }
 373 
 374   Klass* klass;
 375   int dim = len;
 376   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(element_mirror)) {
 377     klass = basic_type_mirror_to_arrayklass(element_mirror, CHECK_NULL);
 378   } else {
 379     klass = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(element_mirror);
 380     if (klass->is_array_klass()) {
 381       int k_dim = ArrayKlass::cast(klass)->dimension();
 382       if (k_dim + len > MAX_DIM) {
 383         THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 384       }
 385       dim += k_dim;
 386     }
 387   }
 388   klass = klass->array_klass(dim, CHECK_NULL);
 389   oop obj = ArrayKlass::cast(klass)->multi_allocate(len, dimensions, CHECK_NULL);
 390   assert(obj->is_array(), "just checking");
 391   return arrayOop(obj);
 392 }
 393 
 394 
 395 static bool under_unsafe_anonymous_host(const InstanceKlass* ik, const InstanceKlass* unsafe_anonymous_host) {
 396   DEBUG_ONLY(int inf_loop_check = 1000 * 1000 * 1000);
 397   for (;;) {
 398     const InstanceKlass* hc = ik->unsafe_anonymous_host();
 399     if (hc == NULL)        return false;
 400     if (hc == unsafe_anonymous_host)  return true;
 401     ik = hc;
 402 
 403     // There's no way to make a host class loop short of patching memory.
 404     // Therefore there cannot be a loop here unless there's another bug.
 405     // Still, let's check for it.
 406     assert(--inf_loop_check > 0, "no unsafe_anonymous_host loop");
 407   }
 408 }
 409 
 410 static bool can_relax_access_check_for(const Klass* accessor,
 411                                        const Klass* accessee,
 412                                        bool classloader_only) {
 413 
 414   const InstanceKlass* accessor_ik = InstanceKlass::cast(accessor);
 415   const InstanceKlass* accessee_ik = InstanceKlass::cast(accessee);
 416 
 417   // If either is on the other's unsafe_anonymous_host chain, access is OK,
 418   // because one is inside the other.
 419   if (under_unsafe_anonymous_host(accessor_ik, accessee_ik) ||
 420     under_unsafe_anonymous_host(accessee_ik, accessor_ik))
 421     return true;
 422 
 423   if (RelaxAccessControlCheck &&
 424     accessor_ik->major_version() < Verifier::NO_RELAX_ACCESS_CTRL_CHECK_VERSION &&
 425     accessee_ik->major_version() < Verifier::NO_RELAX_ACCESS_CTRL_CHECK_VERSION) {
 426     return classloader_only &&
 427       Verifier::relax_access_for(accessor_ik->class_loader()) &&
 428       accessor_ik->protection_domain() == accessee_ik->protection_domain() &&
 429       accessor_ik->class_loader() == accessee_ik->class_loader();
 430   }
 431 
 432   return false;
 433 }
 434 
 435 /*
 436     Type Accessibility check for public types: Callee Type T is accessible to Caller Type S if:
 437 
 438                         Callee T in             Callee T in package PT,
 439                         unnamed module          runtime module MT
 440  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 441 
 442  Caller S in package     If MS is loose: YES      If same classloader/package (PS == PT): YES
 443  PS, runtime module MS   If MS can read T's       If same runtime module: (MS == MT): YES
 444                          unnamed module: YES
 445                                                   Else if (MS can read MT (establish readability) &&
 446                                                     ((MT exports PT to MS or to all modules) ||
 447                                                      (MT is open))): YES
 448 
 449  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 450  Caller S in unnamed         YES                  Readability exists because unnamed module
 451  module UM                                            "reads" all modules
 452                                                   if (MT exports PT to UM or to all modules): YES
 453 
 454  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 455 
 456  Note: a loose module is a module that can read all current and future unnamed modules.
 457 */
 458 Reflection::VerifyClassAccessResults Reflection::verify_class_access(
 459   const Klass* current_class, const InstanceKlass* new_class, bool classloader_only) {
 460 
 461   // Verify that current_class can access new_class.  If the classloader_only
 462   // flag is set, we automatically allow any accesses in which current_class
 463   // doesn't have a classloader.
 464   if ((current_class == NULL) ||
 465       (current_class == new_class) ||
 466       is_same_class_package(current_class, new_class)) {
 467     return ACCESS_OK;
 468   }
 469   // Allow all accesses from jdk/internal/reflect/MagicAccessorImpl subclasses to
 470   // succeed trivially.
 471   if (SystemDictionary::reflect_MagicAccessorImpl_klass_is_loaded() &&
 472       current_class->is_subclass_of(SystemDictionary::reflect_MagicAccessorImpl_klass())) {
 473     return ACCESS_OK;
 474   }
 475 
 476   // module boundaries
 477   if (new_class->is_public()) {
 478     // Ignore modules for DumpSharedSpaces because we do not have any package
 479     // or module information for modules other than java.base.
 480     if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
 481       return ACCESS_OK;
 482     }
 483 
 484     // Find the module entry for current_class, the accessor
 485     ModuleEntry* module_from = current_class->module();
 486     // Find the module entry for new_class, the accessee
 487     ModuleEntry* module_to = new_class->module();
 488 
 489     // both in same (possibly unnamed) module
 490     if (module_from == module_to) {
 491       return ACCESS_OK;
 492     }
 493 
 494     // Acceptable access to a type in an unnamed module. Note that since
 495     // unnamed modules can read all unnamed modules, this also handles the
 496     // case where module_from is also unnamed but in a different class loader.
 497     if (!module_to->is_named() &&
 498         (module_from->can_read_all_unnamed() || module_from->can_read(module_to))) {
 499       return ACCESS_OK;
 500     }
 501 
 502     // Establish readability, check if module_from is allowed to read module_to.
 503     if (!module_from->can_read(module_to)) {
 504       return MODULE_NOT_READABLE;
 505     }
 506 
 507     // Access is allowed if module_to is open, i.e. all its packages are unqualifiedly exported
 508     if (module_to->is_open()) {
 509       return ACCESS_OK;
 510     }
 511 
 512     PackageEntry* package_to = new_class->package();
 513     assert(package_to != NULL, "can not obtain new_class' package");
 514 
 515     {
 516       MutexLocker m1(Module_lock);
 517 
 518       // Once readability is established, if module_to exports T unqualifiedly,
 519       // (to all modules), than whether module_from is in the unnamed module
 520       // or not does not matter, access is allowed.
 521       if (package_to->is_unqual_exported()) {
 522         return ACCESS_OK;
 523       }
 524 
 525       // Access is allowed if both 1 & 2 hold:
 526       //   1. Readability, module_from can read module_to (established above).
 527       //   2. Either module_to exports T to module_from qualifiedly.
 528       //      or
 529       //      module_to exports T to all unnamed modules and module_from is unnamed.
 530       //      or
 531       //      module_to exports T unqualifiedly to all modules (checked above).
 532       if (!package_to->is_qexported_to(module_from)) {
 533         return TYPE_NOT_EXPORTED;
 534       }
 535     }
 536     return ACCESS_OK;
 537   }
 538 
 539   if (can_relax_access_check_for(current_class, new_class, classloader_only)) {
 540     return ACCESS_OK;
 541   }
 542   return OTHER_PROBLEM;
 543 }
 544 
 545 // Return an error message specific to the specified Klass*'s and result.
 546 // This function must be called from within a block containing a ResourceMark.
 547 char* Reflection::verify_class_access_msg(const Klass* current_class,
 548                                           const InstanceKlass* new_class,
 549                                           const VerifyClassAccessResults result) {
 550   assert(result != ACCESS_OK, "must be failure result");
 551   char * msg = NULL;
 552   if (result != OTHER_PROBLEM && new_class != NULL && current_class != NULL) {
 553     // Find the module entry for current_class, the accessor
 554     ModuleEntry* module_from = current_class->module();
 555     const char * module_from_name = module_from->is_named() ? module_from->name()->as_C_string() : UNNAMED_MODULE;
 556     const char * current_class_name = current_class->external_name();
 557 
 558     // Find the module entry for new_class, the accessee
 559     ModuleEntry* module_to = NULL;
 560     module_to = new_class->module();
 561     const char * module_to_name = module_to->is_named() ? module_to->name()->as_C_string() : UNNAMED_MODULE;
 562     const char * new_class_name = new_class->external_name();
 563 
 564     if (result == MODULE_NOT_READABLE) {
 565       assert(module_from->is_named(), "Unnamed modules can read all modules");
 566       if (module_to->is_named()) {
 567         size_t len = 100 + strlen(current_class_name) + 2*strlen(module_from_name) +
 568           strlen(new_class_name) + 2*strlen(module_to_name);
 569         msg = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, len);
 570         jio_snprintf(msg, len - 1,
 571           "class %s (in module %s) cannot access class %s (in module %s) because module %s does not read module %s",
 572           current_class_name, module_from_name, new_class_name,
 573           module_to_name, module_from_name, module_to_name);
 574       } else {
 575         oop jlm = module_to->module();
 576         assert(jlm != NULL, "Null jlm in module_to ModuleEntry");
 577         intptr_t identity_hash = jlm->identity_hash();
 578         size_t len = 160 + strlen(current_class_name) + 2*strlen(module_from_name) +
 579           strlen(new_class_name) + 2*sizeof(uintx);
 580         msg = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, len);
 581         jio_snprintf(msg, len - 1,
 582           "class %s (in module %s) cannot access class %s (in unnamed module @" SIZE_FORMAT_HEX ") because module %s does not read unnamed module @" SIZE_FORMAT_HEX,
 583           current_class_name, module_from_name, new_class_name, uintx(identity_hash),
 584           module_from_name, uintx(identity_hash));
 585       }
 586 
 587     } else if (result == TYPE_NOT_EXPORTED) {
 588       assert(new_class->package() != NULL,
 589              "Unnamed packages are always exported");
 590       const char * package_name =
 591         new_class->package()->name()->as_klass_external_name();
 592       assert(module_to->is_named(), "Unnamed modules export all packages");
 593       if (module_from->is_named()) {
 594         size_t len = 118 + strlen(current_class_name) + 2*strlen(module_from_name) +
 595           strlen(new_class_name) + 2*strlen(module_to_name) + strlen(package_name);
 596         msg = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, len);
 597         jio_snprintf(msg, len - 1,
 598           "class %s (in module %s) cannot access class %s (in module %s) because module %s does not export %s to module %s",
 599           current_class_name, module_from_name, new_class_name,
 600           module_to_name, module_to_name, package_name, module_from_name);
 601       } else {
 602         oop jlm = module_from->module();
 603         assert(jlm != NULL, "Null jlm in module_from ModuleEntry");
 604         intptr_t identity_hash = jlm->identity_hash();
 605         size_t len = 170 + strlen(current_class_name) + strlen(new_class_name) +
 606           2*strlen(module_to_name) + strlen(package_name) + 2*sizeof(uintx);
 607         msg = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, len);
 608         jio_snprintf(msg, len - 1,
 609           "class %s (in unnamed module @" SIZE_FORMAT_HEX ") cannot access class %s (in module %s) because module %s does not export %s to unnamed module @" SIZE_FORMAT_HEX,
 610           current_class_name, uintx(identity_hash), new_class_name, module_to_name,
 611           module_to_name, package_name, uintx(identity_hash));
 612       }
 613     } else {
 614         ShouldNotReachHere();
 615     }
 616   }  // result != OTHER_PROBLEM...
 617   return msg;
 618 }
 619 
 620 bool Reflection::verify_member_access(const Klass* current_class,
 621                                       const Klass* resolved_class,
 622                                       const Klass* member_class,
 623                                       AccessFlags access,
 624                                       bool classloader_only,
 625                                       bool protected_restriction,
 626                                       TRAPS) {
 627   // Verify that current_class can access a member of member_class, where that
 628   // field's access bits are "access".  We assume that we've already verified
 629   // that current_class can access member_class.
 630   //
 631   // If the classloader_only flag is set, we automatically allow any accesses
 632   // in which current_class doesn't have a classloader.
 633   //
 634   // "resolved_class" is the runtime type of "member_class". Sometimes we don't
 635   // need this distinction (e.g. if all we have is the runtime type, or during
 636   // class file parsing when we only care about the static type); in that case
 637   // callers should ensure that resolved_class == member_class.
 638   //
 639   if ((current_class == NULL) ||
 640       (current_class == member_class) ||
 641       access.is_public()) {
 642     return true;
 643   }
 644 
 645   const Klass* host_class = current_class;
 646   if (current_class->is_instance_klass() &&
 647       InstanceKlass::cast(current_class)->is_unsafe_anonymous()) {
 648     host_class = InstanceKlass::cast(current_class)->unsafe_anonymous_host();
 649     assert(host_class != NULL, "Unsafe anonymous class has null host class");
 650     assert(!(host_class->is_instance_klass() &&
 651            InstanceKlass::cast(host_class)->is_unsafe_anonymous()),
 652            "unsafe_anonymous_host should not be unsafe anonymous itself");
 653   }
 654   if (host_class == member_class) {
 655     return true;
 656   }
 657 
 658   if (access.is_protected()) {
 659     if (!protected_restriction) {
 660       // See if current_class (or outermost host class) is a subclass of member_class
 661       // An interface may not access protected members of j.l.Object
 662       if (!host_class->is_interface() && host_class->is_subclass_of(member_class)) {
 663         if (access.is_static() || // static fields are ok, see 6622385
 664             current_class == resolved_class ||
 665             member_class == resolved_class ||
 666             host_class->is_subclass_of(resolved_class) ||
 667             resolved_class->is_subclass_of(host_class)) {
 668           return true;
 669         }
 670       }
 671     }
 672   }
 673 
 674   // package access
 675   if (!access.is_private() && is_same_class_package(current_class, member_class)) {
 676     return true;
 677   }
 678 
 679   // private access between different classes needs a nestmate check, but
 680   // not for unsafe anonymous classes - so check host_class
 681   if (access.is_private() && host_class == current_class) {
 682     if (current_class->is_instance_klass() && member_class->is_instance_klass() ) {
 683       InstanceKlass* cur_ik = const_cast<InstanceKlass*>(InstanceKlass::cast(current_class));
 684       InstanceKlass* field_ik = const_cast<InstanceKlass*>(InstanceKlass::cast(member_class));
 685       // Nestmate access checks may require resolution and validation of the nest-host.
 686       // It is up to the caller to check for pending exceptions and handle appropriately.
 687       bool access = cur_ik->has_nestmate_access_to(field_ik, CHECK_false);
 688       if (access) {
 689         guarantee(resolved_class->is_subclass_of(member_class), "must be!");
 690         return true;
 691       }
 692     }
 693   }
 694 
 695   // Allow all accesses from jdk/internal/reflect/MagicAccessorImpl subclasses to
 696   // succeed trivially.
 697   if (current_class->is_subclass_of(SystemDictionary::reflect_MagicAccessorImpl_klass())) {
 698     return true;
 699   }
 700 
 701   // Check for special relaxations
 702   return can_relax_access_check_for(current_class, member_class, classloader_only);
 703 }
 704 
 705 bool Reflection::is_same_class_package(const Klass* class1, const Klass* class2) {
 706   return InstanceKlass::cast(class1)->is_same_class_package(class2);
 707 }
 708 
 709 // Checks that the 'outer' klass has declared 'inner' as being an inner klass. If not,
 710 // throw an incompatible class change exception
 711 // If inner_is_member, require the inner to be a member of the outer.
 712 // If !inner_is_member, require the inner to be unsafe anonymous (a non-member).
 713 // Caller is responsible for figuring out in advance which case must be true.
 714 void Reflection::check_for_inner_class(const InstanceKlass* outer, const InstanceKlass* inner,
 715                                        bool inner_is_member, TRAPS) {
 716   InnerClassesIterator iter(outer);
 717   constantPoolHandle cp   (THREAD, outer->constants());
 718   for (; !iter.done(); iter.next()) {
 719     int ioff = iter.inner_class_info_index();
 720     int ooff = iter.outer_class_info_index();
 721 
 722     if (inner_is_member && ioff != 0 && ooff != 0) {
 723       if (cp->klass_name_at_matches(outer, ooff) &&
 724           cp->klass_name_at_matches(inner, ioff)) {
 725         Klass* o = cp->klass_at(ooff, CHECK);
 726         if (o == outer) {
 727           Klass* i = cp->klass_at(ioff, CHECK);
 728           if (i == inner) {
 729             return;
 730           }
 731         }
 732       }
 733     }
 734 
 735     if (!inner_is_member && ioff != 0 && ooff == 0 &&
 736         cp->klass_name_at_matches(inner, ioff)) {
 737       Klass* i = cp->klass_at(ioff, CHECK);
 738       if (i == inner) {
 739         return;
 740       }
 741     }
 742   }
 743 
 744   // 'inner' not declared as an inner klass in outer
 745   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 746   Exceptions::fthrow(
 747     THREAD_AND_LOCATION,
 748     vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(),
 749     "%s and %s disagree on InnerClasses attribute",
 750     outer->external_name(),
 751     inner->external_name()
 752   );
 753 }
 754 
 755 // Returns Q-mirror if qtype_if_value is true and k is a ValueKlass;
 756 // otherwise returns java_mirror or L-mirror for ValueKlass
 757 static oop java_mirror(Klass* k, jboolean qtype_if_value) {
 758   if (qtype_if_value && k->is_value()) {
 759     ValueKlass* vk = ValueKlass::cast(InstanceKlass::cast(k));
 760     return vk->value_mirror();
 761   } else {
 762     return k->java_mirror();
 763   }
 764 }
 765 
 766 // Utility method converting a single SignatureStream element into java.lang.Class instance
 767 static oop get_mirror_from_signature(const methodHandle& method,
 768                                      SignatureStream* ss,
 769                                      TRAPS) {
 770 
 771   BasicType bt = ss->type();
 772   if (T_OBJECT == bt || T_ARRAY == bt || T_VALUETYPE == bt) {
 773     Symbol* name = ss->as_symbol(CHECK_NULL);
 774     oop loader = method->method_holder()->class_loader();
 775     oop protection_domain = method->method_holder()->protection_domain();
 776     const Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(name,
 777                                                        Handle(THREAD, loader),
 778                                                        Handle(THREAD, protection_domain),
 779                                                        true,
 780                                                        CHECK_NULL);
 781     if (log_is_enabled(Debug, class, resolve)) {
 782       trace_class_resolution(k);
 783     }
 784     return java_mirror((Klass*)k, bt == T_VALUETYPE);
 785   }
 786 
 787   assert(bt != T_VOID || ss->at_return_type(),
 788     "T_VOID should only appear as return type");
 789 
 790   return java_lang_Class::primitive_mirror(bt);
 791 }
 792 
 793 static objArrayHandle get_parameter_types(const methodHandle& method,
 794                                           int parameter_count,
 795                                           oop* return_type,
 796                                           TRAPS) {
 797   // Allocate array holding parameter types (java.lang.Class instances)
 798   objArrayOop m = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Class_klass(), parameter_count, CHECK_(objArrayHandle()));
 799   objArrayHandle mirrors(THREAD, m);
 800   int index = 0;
 801   // Collect parameter types
 802   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 803   Symbol*  signature = method->signature();
 804   SignatureStream ss(signature);
 805   while (!ss.at_return_type()) {
 806     oop mirror = get_mirror_from_signature(method, &ss, CHECK_(objArrayHandle()));
 807     mirrors->obj_at_put(index++, mirror);
 808     ss.next();
 809   }
 810   assert(index == parameter_count, "invalid parameter count");
 811   if (return_type != NULL) {
 812     // Collect return type as well
 813     assert(ss.at_return_type(), "return type should be present");
 814     *return_type = get_mirror_from_signature(method, &ss, CHECK_(objArrayHandle()));
 815   }
 816   return mirrors;
 817 }
 818 
 819 static objArrayHandle get_exception_types(const methodHandle& method, TRAPS) {
 820   return method->resolved_checked_exceptions(THREAD);
 821 }
 822 
 823 static Handle new_type(Symbol* signature, Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 824   // Basic types
 825   BasicType type = vmSymbols::signature_type(signature);
 826   if (type != T_OBJECT && type != T_VALUETYPE) {
 827     return Handle(THREAD, Universe::java_mirror(type));
 828   }
 829 
 830   Klass* result =
 831     SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(signature,
 832                                       Handle(THREAD, k->class_loader()),
 833                                       Handle(THREAD, k->protection_domain()),
 834                                       true, CHECK_(Handle()));
 835 
 836   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, class, resolve)) {
 837     trace_class_resolution(result);
 838   }
 839   oop nt = java_mirror(result, type == T_VALUETYPE);
 840   return Handle(THREAD, nt);
 841 }
 842 
 843 
 844 oop Reflection::new_method(const methodHandle& method, bool for_constant_pool_access, TRAPS) {
 845   // Allow sun.reflect.ConstantPool to refer to <clinit> methods as java.lang.reflect.Methods.
 846   assert(!method()->is_initializer() ||
 847          (for_constant_pool_access && method()->is_static()),
 848          "should call new_constructor instead");
 849   InstanceKlass* holder = method->method_holder();
 850   int slot = method->method_idnum();
 851 
 852   Symbol*  signature  = method->signature();
 853   int parameter_count = ArgumentCount(signature).size();
 854   oop return_type_oop = NULL;
 855   objArrayHandle parameter_types = get_parameter_types(method, parameter_count, &return_type_oop, CHECK_NULL);
 856   if (parameter_types.is_null() || return_type_oop == NULL) return NULL;
 857 
 858   Handle return_type(THREAD, return_type_oop);
 859 
 860   objArrayHandle exception_types = get_exception_types(method, CHECK_NULL);
 861 
 862   if (exception_types.is_null()) return NULL;
 863 
 864   Symbol*  method_name = method->name();
 865   oop name_oop = StringTable::intern(method_name, CHECK_NULL);
 866   Handle name = Handle(THREAD, name_oop);
 867   if (name == NULL) return NULL;
 868 
 869   const int modifiers = method->access_flags().as_int() & JVM_RECOGNIZED_METHOD_MODIFIERS;
 870 
 871   Handle mh = java_lang_reflect_Method::create(CHECK_NULL);
 872 
 873   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_clazz(mh(), holder->java_mirror());
 874   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_slot(mh(), slot);
 875   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_name(mh(), name());
 876   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_return_type(mh(), return_type());
 877   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_parameter_types(mh(), parameter_types());
 878   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_exception_types(mh(), exception_types());
 879   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_modifiers(mh(), modifiers);
 880   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_override(mh(), false);
 881   if (method->generic_signature() != NULL) {
 882     Symbol*  gs = method->generic_signature();
 883     Handle sig = java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(gs, CHECK_NULL);
 884     java_lang_reflect_Method::set_signature(mh(), sig());
 885   }
 886   typeArrayOop an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(method->annotations(), CHECK_NULL);
 887   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_annotations(mh(), an_oop);
 888   an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(method->parameter_annotations(), CHECK_NULL);
 889   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_parameter_annotations(mh(), an_oop);
 890   an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(method->annotation_default(), CHECK_NULL);
 891   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_annotation_default(mh(), an_oop);
 892   return mh();
 893 }
 894 
 895 
 896 oop Reflection::new_constructor(const methodHandle& method, TRAPS) {
 897   assert(method()->is_initializer(), "should call new_method instead");
 898 
 899   InstanceKlass* holder = method->method_holder();
 900   int slot = method->method_idnum();
 901 
 902   Symbol*  signature  = method->signature();
 903   int parameter_count = ArgumentCount(signature).size();
 904   objArrayHandle parameter_types = get_parameter_types(method, parameter_count, NULL, CHECK_NULL);
 905   if (parameter_types.is_null()) return NULL;
 906 
 907   objArrayHandle exception_types = get_exception_types(method, CHECK_NULL);
 908   if (exception_types.is_null()) return NULL;
 909 
 910   const int modifiers = method->access_flags().as_int() & JVM_RECOGNIZED_METHOD_MODIFIERS;
 911 
 912   Handle ch = java_lang_reflect_Constructor::create(CHECK_NULL);
 913 
 914   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_clazz(ch(), holder->java_mirror());
 915   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_slot(ch(), slot);
 916   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_parameter_types(ch(), parameter_types());
 917   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_exception_types(ch(), exception_types());
 918   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_modifiers(ch(), modifiers);
 919   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_override(ch(), false);
 920   if (method->generic_signature() != NULL) {
 921     Symbol*  gs = method->generic_signature();
 922     Handle sig = java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(gs, CHECK_NULL);
 923     java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_signature(ch(), sig());
 924   }
 925   typeArrayOop an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(method->annotations(), CHECK_NULL);
 926   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_annotations(ch(), an_oop);
 927   an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(method->parameter_annotations(), CHECK_NULL);
 928   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_parameter_annotations(ch(), an_oop);
 929   return ch();
 930 }
 931 
 932 
 933 oop Reflection::new_field(fieldDescriptor* fd, TRAPS) {
 934   Symbol*  field_name = fd->name();
 935   oop name_oop = StringTable::intern(field_name, CHECK_NULL);
 936   Handle name = Handle(THREAD, name_oop);
 937   Symbol*  signature  = fd->signature();
 938   InstanceKlass* holder = fd->field_holder();
 939   Handle type = new_type(signature, holder, CHECK_NULL);
 940   Handle rh  = java_lang_reflect_Field::create(CHECK_NULL);
 941 
 942   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_clazz(rh(), fd->field_holder()->java_mirror());
 943   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_slot(rh(), fd->index());
 944   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_name(rh(), name());
 945   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_type(rh(), type());
 946   // Note the ACC_ANNOTATION bit, which is a per-class access flag, is never set here.
 947   int modifiers = fd->access_flags().as_int() & JVM_RECOGNIZED_FIELD_MODIFIERS;
 948   if (fd->is_flattenable()) {
 949     modifiers |= JVM_ACC_FLATTENABLE;
 950   }
 951   if (fd->is_flattened()) {
 952     modifiers |= JVM_ACC_FIELD_FLATTENED;
 953   }
 954   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_modifiers(rh(), modifiers);
 955   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_override(rh(), false);
 956   if (fd->has_generic_signature()) {
 957     Symbol*  gs = fd->generic_signature();
 958     Handle sig = java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(gs, CHECK_NULL);
 959     java_lang_reflect_Field::set_signature(rh(), sig());
 960   }
 961   typeArrayOop an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(fd->annotations(), CHECK_NULL);
 962   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_annotations(rh(), an_oop);
 963   return rh();
 964 }
 965 
 966 oop Reflection::new_parameter(Handle method, int index, Symbol* sym,
 967                               int flags, TRAPS) {
 968 
 969   Handle rh = java_lang_reflect_Parameter::create(CHECK_NULL);
 970 
 971   if(NULL != sym) {
 972     Handle name = java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(sym, CHECK_NULL);
 973     java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_name(rh(), name());
 974   } else {
 975     java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_name(rh(), NULL);
 976   }
 977 
 978   java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_modifiers(rh(), flags);
 979   java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_executable(rh(), method());
 980   java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_index(rh(), index);
 981   return rh();
 982 }
 983 
 984 
 985 static methodHandle resolve_interface_call(InstanceKlass* klass,
 986                                            const methodHandle& method,
 987                                            Klass* recv_klass,
 988                                            Handle receiver,
 989                                            TRAPS) {
 990 
 991   assert(!method.is_null() , "method should not be null");
 992 
 993   CallInfo info;
 994   Symbol*  signature  = method->signature();
 995   Symbol*  name       = method->name();
 996   LinkResolver::resolve_interface_call(info, receiver, recv_klass,
 997                                        LinkInfo(klass, name, signature),
 998                                        true,
 999                                        CHECK_(methodHandle()));
1000   return info.selected_method();
1001 }
1002 
1003 // Conversion
1004 static BasicType basic_type_mirror_to_basic_type(oop basic_type_mirror, TRAPS) {
1005   assert(java_lang_Class::is_primitive(basic_type_mirror),
1006     "just checking");
1007   return java_lang_Class::primitive_type(basic_type_mirror);
1008 }
1009 
1010 // Narrowing of basic types. Used to create correct jvalues for
1011 // boolean, byte, char and short return return values from interpreter
1012 // which are returned as ints. Throws IllegalArgumentException.
1013 static void narrow(jvalue* value, BasicType narrow_type, TRAPS) {
1014   switch (narrow_type) {
1015   case T_BOOLEAN:
1016     value->z = (jboolean) (value->i & 1);
1017     return;
1018   case T_BYTE:
1019     value->b = (jbyte)value->i;
1020     return;
1021   case T_CHAR:
1022     value->c = (jchar)value->i;
1023     return;
1024   case T_SHORT:
1025     value->s = (jshort)value->i;
1026     return;
1027   default:
1028     break; // fail
1029   }
1030   THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "argument type mismatch");
1031 }
1032 
1033 
1034 // Method call (shared by invoke_method and invoke_constructor)
1035 static oop invoke(InstanceKlass* klass,
1036                   const methodHandle& reflected_method,
1037                   Handle receiver,
1038                   bool override,
1039                   objArrayHandle ptypes,
1040                   BasicType rtype,
1041                   objArrayHandle args,
1042                   bool is_method_invoke,
1043                   TRAPS) {
1044 
1045   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1046 
1047   methodHandle method;      // actual method to invoke
1048   Klass* target_klass;      // target klass, receiver's klass for non-static
1049 
1050   // Ensure klass is initialized
1051   klass->initialize(CHECK_NULL);
1052 
1053   bool is_static = reflected_method->is_static();
1054   if (is_static) {
1055     // ignore receiver argument
1056     method = reflected_method;
1057     target_klass = klass;
1058   } else {
1059     // check for null receiver
1060     if (receiver.is_null()) {
1061       THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
1062     }
1063     // Check class of receiver against class declaring method
1064     if (!receiver->is_a(klass)) {
1065       THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "object is not an instance of declaring class");
1066     }
1067     // target klass is receiver's klass
1068     target_klass = receiver->klass();
1069     // no need to resolve if method is private or <init>
1070     if (reflected_method->is_private() || reflected_method->name() == vmSymbols::object_initializer_name()) {
1071       method = reflected_method;
1072     } else {
1073       // resolve based on the receiver
1074       if (reflected_method->method_holder()->is_interface()) {
1075         // resolve interface call
1076         //
1077         // Match resolution errors with those thrown due to reflection inlining
1078         // Linktime resolution & IllegalAccessCheck already done by Class.getMethod()
1079         method = resolve_interface_call(klass, reflected_method, target_klass, receiver, THREAD);
1080         if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1081           // Method resolution threw an exception; wrap it in an InvocationTargetException
1082           oop resolution_exception = PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1083           CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1084           // JVMTI has already reported the pending exception
1085           // JVMTI internal flag reset is needed in order to report InvocationTargetException
1086           if (THREAD->is_Java_thread()) {
1087             JvmtiExport::clear_detected_exception((JavaThread*)THREAD);
1088           }
1089           JavaCallArguments args(Handle(THREAD, resolution_exception));
1090           THROW_ARG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_reflect_InvocationTargetException(),
1091                       vmSymbols::throwable_void_signature(),
1092                       &args);
1093         }
1094       }  else {
1095         // if the method can be overridden, we resolve using the vtable index.
1096         assert(!reflected_method->has_itable_index(), "");
1097         int index = reflected_method->vtable_index();
1098         method = reflected_method;
1099         if (index != Method::nonvirtual_vtable_index) {
1100           method = methodHandle(THREAD, target_klass->method_at_vtable(index));
1101         }
1102         if (!method.is_null()) {
1103           // Check for abstract methods as well
1104           if (method->is_abstract()) {
1105             // new default: 6531596
1106             ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1107             stringStream ss;
1108             ss.print("'");
1109             Method::print_external_name(&ss, target_klass, method->name(), method->signature());
1110             ss.print("'");
1111             Handle h_origexception = Exceptions::new_exception(THREAD,
1112               vmSymbols::java_lang_AbstractMethodError(), ss.as_string());
1113             JavaCallArguments args(h_origexception);
1114             THROW_ARG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_reflect_InvocationTargetException(),
1115               vmSymbols::throwable_void_signature(),
1116               &args);
1117           }
1118         }
1119       }
1120     }
1121   }
1122 
1123   // I believe this is a ShouldNotGetHere case which requires
1124   // an internal vtable bug. If you ever get this please let Karen know.
1125   if (method.is_null()) {
1126     ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1127     stringStream ss;
1128     ss.print("'");
1129     Method::print_external_name(&ss, klass,
1130                                      reflected_method->name(),
1131                                      reflected_method->signature());
1132     ss.print("'");
1133     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoSuchMethodError(), ss.as_string());
1134   }
1135 
1136   assert(ptypes->is_objArray(), "just checking");
1137   int args_len = args.is_null() ? 0 : args->length();
1138   // Check number of arguments
1139   if (ptypes->length() != args_len) {
1140     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(),
1141                 "wrong number of arguments");
1142   }
1143 
1144   // Create object to contain parameters for the JavaCall
1145   JavaCallArguments java_args(method->size_of_parameters());
1146 
1147   if (!is_static) {
1148     java_args.push_oop(receiver);
1149   }
1150 
1151   for (int i = 0; i < args_len; i++) {
1152     oop type_mirror = ptypes->obj_at(i);
1153     oop arg = args->obj_at(i);
1154     if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(type_mirror)) {
1155       jvalue value;
1156       BasicType ptype = basic_type_mirror_to_basic_type(type_mirror, CHECK_NULL);
1157       BasicType atype = Reflection::unbox_for_primitive(arg, &value, CHECK_NULL);
1158       if (ptype != atype) {
1159         Reflection::widen(&value, atype, ptype, CHECK_NULL);
1160       }
1161       switch (ptype) {
1162         case T_BOOLEAN:     java_args.push_int(value.z);    break;
1163         case T_CHAR:        java_args.push_int(value.c);    break;
1164         case T_BYTE:        java_args.push_int(value.b);    break;
1165         case T_SHORT:       java_args.push_int(value.s);    break;
1166         case T_INT:         java_args.push_int(value.i);    break;
1167         case T_LONG:        java_args.push_long(value.j);   break;
1168         case T_FLOAT:       java_args.push_float(value.f);  break;
1169         case T_DOUBLE:      java_args.push_double(value.d); break;
1170         default:
1171           THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "argument type mismatch");
1172       }
1173     } else {
1174       if (arg != NULL) {
1175         Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(type_mirror);
1176         if (!arg->is_a(k)) {
1177           THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(),
1178                       "argument type mismatch");
1179         }
1180       }
1181       Handle arg_handle(THREAD, arg);         // Create handle for argument
1182       java_args.push_oop(arg_handle); // Push handle
1183     }
1184   }
1185 
1186   assert(java_args.size_of_parameters() == method->size_of_parameters(),
1187     "just checking");
1188 
1189   // All oops (including receiver) is passed in as Handles. An potential oop is returned as an
1190   // oop (i.e., NOT as an handle)
1191   JavaValue result(rtype);
1192   JavaCalls::call(&result, method, &java_args, THREAD);
1193 
1194   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1195     // Method threw an exception; wrap it in an InvocationTargetException
1196     oop target_exception = PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1197     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1198     // JVMTI has already reported the pending exception
1199     // JVMTI internal flag reset is needed in order to report InvocationTargetException
1200     if (THREAD->is_Java_thread()) {
1201       JvmtiExport::clear_detected_exception((JavaThread*)THREAD);
1202     }
1203 
1204     JavaCallArguments args(Handle(THREAD, target_exception));
1205     THROW_ARG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_reflect_InvocationTargetException(),
1206                 vmSymbols::throwable_void_signature(),
1207                 &args);
1208   } else {
1209     if (rtype == T_BOOLEAN || rtype == T_BYTE || rtype == T_CHAR || rtype == T_SHORT) {
1210       narrow((jvalue*)result.get_value_addr(), rtype, CHECK_NULL);
1211     }
1212     return Reflection::box((jvalue*)result.get_value_addr(), rtype, THREAD);
1213   }
1214 }
1215 
1216 // This would be nicer if, say, java.lang.reflect.Method was a subclass
1217 // of java.lang.reflect.Constructor
1218 
1219 oop Reflection::invoke_method(oop method_mirror, Handle receiver, objArrayHandle args, TRAPS) {
1220   oop mirror             = java_lang_reflect_Method::clazz(method_mirror);
1221   int slot               = java_lang_reflect_Method::slot(method_mirror);
1222   bool override          = java_lang_reflect_Method::override(method_mirror) != 0;
1223   objArrayHandle ptypes(THREAD, objArrayOop(java_lang_reflect_Method::parameter_types(method_mirror)));
1224 
1225   oop return_type_mirror = java_lang_reflect_Method::return_type(method_mirror);
1226   BasicType rtype;
1227   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(return_type_mirror)) {
1228     rtype = basic_type_mirror_to_basic_type(return_type_mirror, CHECK_NULL);
1229   } else if (java_lang_Class::value_mirror(return_type_mirror) == return_type_mirror) {
1230     rtype = T_VALUETYPE;
1231   } else {
1232     rtype = T_OBJECT;
1233   }
1234 
1235   InstanceKlass* klass = InstanceKlass::cast(java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror));
1236   Method* m = klass->method_with_idnum(slot);
1237   if (m == NULL) {
1238     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(), "invoke");
1239   }
1240   methodHandle method(THREAD, m);
1241 
1242   return invoke(klass, method, receiver, override, ptypes, rtype, args, true, THREAD);
1243 }
1244 
1245 
1246 oop Reflection::invoke_constructor(oop constructor_mirror, objArrayHandle args, TRAPS) {
1247   oop mirror             = java_lang_reflect_Constructor::clazz(constructor_mirror);
1248   int slot               = java_lang_reflect_Constructor::slot(constructor_mirror);
1249   bool override          = java_lang_reflect_Constructor::override(constructor_mirror) != 0;
1250   objArrayHandle ptypes(THREAD, objArrayOop(java_lang_reflect_Constructor::parameter_types(constructor_mirror)));
1251 
1252   InstanceKlass* klass = InstanceKlass::cast(java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror));
1253   Method* m = klass->method_with_idnum(slot);
1254   if (m == NULL) {
1255     THROW_MSG_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(), "invoke");
1256   }
1257   methodHandle method(THREAD, m);
1258   assert(method->name() == vmSymbols::object_initializer_name(), "invalid constructor");
1259 
1260   // Make sure klass gets initialize
1261   klass->initialize(CHECK_NULL);
1262 
1263   // Create new instance (the receiver)
1264   klass->check_valid_for_instantiation(false, CHECK_NULL);
1265   Handle receiver = klass->allocate_instance_handle(CHECK_NULL);
1266 
1267   // Ignore result from call and return receiver
1268   invoke(klass, method, receiver, override, ptypes, T_VOID, args, false, CHECK_NULL);
1269   return receiver();
1270 }