1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2018, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
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   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
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   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
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  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
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  24 
  25 #ifndef SHARE_UTILITIES_SINGLEWRITERSYNCHRONIZER_HPP
  26 #define SHARE_UTILITIES_SINGLEWRITERSYNCHRONIZER_HPP
  27 
  28 #include "memory/allocation.hpp"
  29 #include "runtime/atomic.hpp"
  30 #include "runtime/semaphore.hpp"
  31 #include "utilities/globalDefinitions.hpp"
  32 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  33 
  34 // Synchronization primitive inspired by RCU.
  35 //
  36 // Any number of threads may enter critical sections associated with a
  37 // synchronizer object.  One (at a time) other thread may wait for the
  38 // completion of all critical sections for the synchronizer object
  39 // that were extant when the wait was initiated.  Usage is that there
  40 // is some state that can be accessed either before or after some
  41 // change.  An accessing thread performs the access within a critical
  42 // section.  A writer thread performs the state change, and then waits
  43 // for critical sections to complete, thereby ensuring there are no
  44 // threads in a critical section that might have seen the old state.
  45 //
  46 // Generally, GlobalCounter should be used instead of this class, as
  47 // GlobalCounter has measurably better performance and doesn't have
  48 // the single writer at a time restriction.  Use this only in
  49 // situations where GlobalCounter won't work for some reason.
  50 class SingleWriterSynchronizer {
  51   volatile uint _enter;
  52   volatile uint _exit[2];
  53   volatile uint _waiting_for;
  54   Semaphore _wakeup;
  55 
  56   DEBUG_ONLY(volatile uint _writers;)
  57 
  58   NONCOPYABLE(SingleWriterSynchronizer);
  59 
  60 public:
  61   SingleWriterSynchronizer();
  62 
  63   // Enter a critical section for this synchronizer.  Entering a
  64   // critical section never blocks.  While in a critical section, a
  65   // thread should avoid blocking, or even take a long time.  In
  66   // particular, a thread must never safepoint while in a critical
  67   // section.
  68   // Precondition: The current thread must not already be in a
  69   // critical section for this synchronizer.
  70   inline uint enter();
  71 
  72   // Exit a critical section for this synchronizer.
  73   // Precondition: enter_value must be the result of the corresponding
  74   // enter() for the critical section.
  75   inline void exit(uint enter_value);
  76 
  77   // Wait until all threads currently in a critical section for this
  78   // synchronizer have exited their critical section.  Threads that
  79   // enter a critical section after the synchronization has started
  80   // are not considered in the wait.
  81   // Precondition: No other thread may be synchronizing on this
  82   // synchronizer.
  83   void synchronize();
  84 
  85   // RAII class for managing enter/exit pairs.
  86   class CriticalSection;
  87 };
  88 
  89 inline uint SingleWriterSynchronizer::enter() {
  90   return Atomic::add(&_enter, 2u);
  91 }
  92 
  93 inline void SingleWriterSynchronizer::exit(uint enter_value) {
  94   uint exit_value = Atomic::add(&_exit[enter_value & 1], 2u);
  95   // If this exit completes a synchronize request, wakeup possibly
  96   // waiting synchronizer.  Read of _waiting_for must follow the _exit
  97   // update.
  98   if (exit_value == _waiting_for) {
  99     _wakeup.signal();
 100   }
 101 }
 102 
 103 class SingleWriterSynchronizer::CriticalSection : public StackObj {
 104   SingleWriterSynchronizer* _synchronizer;
 105   uint _enter_value;
 106 
 107 public:
 108   // Enter synchronizer's critical section.
 109   explicit CriticalSection(SingleWriterSynchronizer* synchronizer) :
 110     _synchronizer(synchronizer),
 111     _enter_value(synchronizer->enter())
 112   {}
 113 
 114   // Exit synchronizer's critical section.
 115   ~CriticalSection() {
 116     _synchronizer->exit(_enter_value);
 117   }
 118 };
 119 
 120 #endif // SHARE_UTILITIES_SINGLEWRITERSYNCHRONIZER_HPP