1 #
2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
3 #
4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
9 #
10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
14 # accompanied this code).
15 #
16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
19 #
20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
22 # questions.
23 #
24 # tzdb data for Asia and environs
25
26 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
27 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
28
29 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
30 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
31 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
32 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
33
34 # From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11):
35 #
36 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
37 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
38 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
39 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
40 #
41 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
42 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
43 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
44 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
45 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
46 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
47 #
48 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
49 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
50 # I found in the UCLA library.
51 #
52 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
53 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
54 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
55 #
56 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
57 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
58 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
59 #
60 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
61 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
62 #
63 # The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables
64 # (corrections are welcome):
65 # std dst
66 # LMT Local Mean Time
67 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
68 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
69 # 5:30 IST India
70 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
71 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
72 # 8:00 CST China
73 # 8:00 HKT HKST Hong Kong (HKWT* for Winter Time in late 1941)
74 # 8:00 PST PDT* Philippines
75 # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830
76 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
77 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
78 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
79 # *I invented the abbreviations HKWT and PDT; see below.
80 # Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03
81 # and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier
82 # editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every
83 # offset, this did not reflect common practice.
84 #
85 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
86
87 # From Guy Harris:
88 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
89 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
90 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
91 # Worldwide Edition).
92
93 ###############################################################################
94
95 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
96 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
97 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
98 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
99 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
100 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 -
101 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
102 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
103 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 -
104 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
105 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
106 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
107 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
108
109 # Afghanistan
110 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
111 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
112 4:00 - +04 1945
113 4:30 - +0430
114
115 # Armenia
116 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
117 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
118 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
119 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
120 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
121 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
122 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
123 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
124 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
125
126 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
127 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
128 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
129
130 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
131 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
132 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
133 #
134 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
135 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
136 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
137 # or
138 # (brief)
139 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
140 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
141 Rule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
142 Rule Armenia 2011 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
143 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
144 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
145 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
146 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
147 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
148 4:00 - +04 1997
149 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2011
150 4:00 Armenia +04/+05
151
152 # Azerbaijan
153
154 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
155 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
156 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
157 # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
158
159 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
160 # ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
161 # daylight saving time....
162 # https://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
163 # http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
164 # http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
165
166 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
167 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 -
168 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
169 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
170 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
171 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
172 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
173 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
174 4:00 - +04 1996
175 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997
176 4:00 Azer +04/+05
177
178 # Bahrain
179 # See Asia/Qatar.
180
181 # Bangladesh
182 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
183 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
184 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
185 #
186 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
187 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
188 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
189 #
190 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
191 # June
192 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
193 # crippling power crisis. "
194 #
195 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
196 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
197
198 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
199 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
200 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
201 #
202 # Some sources:
203 # https://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
204 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
205 #
206 # Our wrap-up:
207 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
208
209 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
210 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
211 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
212 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
213 #
214 # No DST end date has been announced yet.
215
216 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
217 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
218 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
219 #
220 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
221 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
222 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
223 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
224
225 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
226 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
227 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
228 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
229 # "continue for an indefinite period."
230 #
231 # One of many places where it is published:
232 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
233
234 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
235 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
236 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
237 #
238 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
239 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
240 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
241 #
242 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
243 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
244 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
245 # Minister's Office last night..."
246
247 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
248 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
249 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
250 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
251 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
252
253 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
254 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 -
255 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 -
256
257 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
258 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
259 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
260 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15
261 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep
262 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30
263 6:00 - +06 2009
264 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07
265
266 # Bhutan
267 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
268 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
269 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct
270 6:00 - +06
271
272 # British Indian Ocean Territory
273 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
274 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
275 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
276 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
277 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
278 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
279 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
280 5:00 - +05 1996
281 6:00 - +06
282
283 # Brunei
284 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
285 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
286 7:30 - +0730 1933
287 8:00 - +08
288
289 # Burma / Myanmar
290
291 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
292
293 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
294 # Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is
295 # used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead
296 # of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630,
297 # a transition for which Shanks is the only source.
298
299 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
300 Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
301 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time
302 6:30 - +0630 1942 May
303 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3
304 6:30 - +0630
305
306 # Cambodia
307 # See Asia/Bangkok.
308
309
310 # China
311
312 # From Paul Eggert (2018-10-02):
313 # The following comes from Table 1 of:
314 # Li Yu. Research on the daylight saving movement in 1940s Shanghai.
315 # Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences. 2014;(2):144-50.
316 # http://oversea.cnki.net/kns55/detail.aspx?dbname=CJFD2014&filename=NJSH201402020
317 # The table lists dates only; I am guessing 00:00 and 24:00 transition times.
318 # Also, the table lists the planned end of DST in 1949, but the corresponding
319 # zone line cuts this off on May 28, when the Communists took power.
320 #
321 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
322 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
323 Rule Shang 1940 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S
324 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
325 Rule Shang 1941 only - Nov 1 24:00 0 S
326 Rule Shang 1942 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 D
327 Rule Shang 1945 only - Sep 1 24:00 0 S
328 Rule Shang 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
329 Rule Shang 1946 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S
330 Rule Shang 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
331 Rule Shang 1947 only - Oct 31 24:00 0 S
332 Rule Shang 1948 1949 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
333 Rule Shang 1948 1949 - Sep 30 24:00 0 S #plan
334
335 # From Guy Harris:
336 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
337
338 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
339 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
340 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
341 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
342 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
343 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
344 #
345 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
346 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
347 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
348 #
349 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
350 # 1987 mid-April - ??
351
352 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
353 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
354 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
355
356 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
357 # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
358 # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
359 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
360
361 # From P Chan (2018-05-07):
362 # The start and end time of DST in China [from 1986 on] should be 2:00
363 # (i.e. 2:00 to 3:00 at the start and 2:00 to 1:00 at the end)....
364 # Government notices about summer time:
365 #
366 # 1986-04-12 http://www.zj.gov.cn/attach/zfgb/198608.pdf p.21-22
367 # (To establish summer time from 1986. On 4 May, set the clocks ahead one hour
368 # at 2 am. On 14 September, set the clocks backward one hour at 2 am.)
369 #
370 # 1987-02-15 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198703.pdf p.114
371 # (Summer time in 1987 to start from 12 April until 13 September)
372 #
373 # 1987-09-09 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198721.pdf p.709
374 # (From 1988, summer time to start from 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-April
375 # until 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-September)
376 #
377 # 1992-03-03 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1992/gwyb199205.pdf p.152
378 # (To suspend summer time from 1992)
379 #
380 # The first page of People's Daily on 12 April 1988 stating that summer time
381 # to begin on 17 April.
382 # http://data.people.com.cn/pic/101p/1988/04/1988041201.jpg
383
384 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
385 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 2:00 1:00 D
386 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 2:00 0 S
387 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D
388
389 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
390 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
391 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
392 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
393 #
394 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
395 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
396 # https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
397 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
398 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
399 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
400 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
401 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
402 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
403 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
404
405 # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05):
406 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
407 #
408 # (1)
409 # Guo Qing-sheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
410 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
411 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
412 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料). 2003;24(1):5-9.
413 # http://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ZGKS200301000&dbname=CJFD2003
414 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
415 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
416 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
417 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
418 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
419 # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
420 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
421 # could well have ignored any such mandate.
422 #
423 # (2)
424 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
425 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
426 # [undated and unknown publication location]
427 # It says several things:
428 # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
429 # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
430 # the official calendar book of 1914.
431 # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
432 # French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
433 # Observatory and set to local mean time.
434 # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
435 # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
436 # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
437 # became used by railways as well.
438 # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
439 # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on
440 # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
441 # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice
442 # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
443 # Japanese-occupied territory.
444 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
445 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
446 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
447 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
448 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
449 #
450 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
451 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
452 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
453 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
454 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
455 #
456 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
457 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
458 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
459 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
460 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
461 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
462 #
463 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
464 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
465 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
466 #
467 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
468 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai.
469 # most of China
470 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
471 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
472 #
473 # Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07
474 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
475 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
476 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong
477 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
478 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
479 #
480 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
481 # This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with
482 # current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that
483 # disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here.
484 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
485 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
486 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
487 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
488 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
489 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
490 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
491 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
492 #
493 # Kunlun Time UT +05:30
494 # This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above).
495 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
496 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
497 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
498 # and Yarkand.
499
500 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
501 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
502 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
503 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
504 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
505 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
506 #
507 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
508 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
509 # hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
510 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
511 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
512 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
513 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
514 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
515 #
516 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
517 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
518 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
519 #
520 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
521 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
522 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
523 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
524 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
525
526 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
527 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
528 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
529 #
530 # 1. Wulumuqi...
531 # 2. Kashi...
532 # 3. Urumqi...
533 # 4. Kashgar...
534 # ...
535 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
536 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
537 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
538 #
539 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
540 # start date for Xinjiang time.
541 #
542 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
543 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
544 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
545 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
546
547 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
548 # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
549 # https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
550
551 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
552 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
553 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
554 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
555 # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
556 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
557 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
558 # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
559 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
560 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
561 # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
562 # having the same time as Beijing.
563
564 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
565 # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
566 # but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
567 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
568 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
569 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
570 #
571 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
572 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
573 # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
574 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
575 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
576 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
577 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
578 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
579 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
580 # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
581 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
582 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before
583 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
584 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
585 # +08 mandate back then.
586
587 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
588 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
589 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
590 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28
591 8:00 PRC C%sT
592 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
593 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
594 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
595 6:00 - +06
596
597
598 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
599
600 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
601
602 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
603 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
604 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
605 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
606 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
607 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
608 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
609 # obtained from
610 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
611
612 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
613 # According to Singaporean newspaper
614 # http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepresswk19041102-1.2.37
615 # the day that Hong Kong start using GMT+8 should be Oct 30, 1904.
616 #
617 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17):
618 # Hong Kong had a time ball near the Marine Police Station, Tsim Sha Tsui.
619 # "The ball was raised manually each day and dropped at exactly 1pm
620 # (except on Sundays and Government holidays)."
621 # Dyson AD. From Time Ball to Atomic Clock. Hong Kong Government. 1983.
622 # <https://www.hko.gov.hk/publica/gen_pub/timeball_atomic_clock.pdf>
623 # "From 1904 October 30 the time-ball at Hong Kong has been dropped by order
624 # of the Governor of the Colony at 17h 0m 0s G.M.T., which is 23m 18s.14 in
625 # advance of 1h 0m 0s of Hong Kong mean time."
626 # Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc.
627 # 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382
628 #
629 # From Joseph Myers (2018-11-18):
630 # An astronomer before 1925 referring to GMT would have been using the old
631 # astronomical convention where the day started at noon, not midnight.
632 #
633 # From Steve Allen (2018-11-17):
634 # Meteorological Observations made at the Hongkong Observatory in the year 1904
635 # page 4 <https://books.google.com/books?id=kgw5AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA4-PA4>
636 # ... the log of drop times in Table II shows that on Sunday 1904-10-30 the
637 # ball was dropped. So that looks like a special case drop for the sake
638 # of broadcasting the new local time.
639 #
640 # From Phake Nick (2018-11-18):
641 # According to The Hong Kong Weekly Press, 1904-10-29, p.324, the
642 # governor of Hong Kong at the time stated that "We are further desired to
643 # make it known that the change will be effected by firing the gun and by the
644 # dropping of the Ball at 23min. 18sec. before one."
645 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
646 # See <https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk> for this; unfortunately Flash is required.
647
648 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-26):
649 # I went to check microfilm records stored at Hong Kong Public Library....
650 # on September 30 1941, according to Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong edition), it was
651 # stated that fallback would occur on the next day (the 1st)'s "03:00 am (Hong
652 # Kong Time 04:00 am)" and the clock will fall back for a half hour. (03:00
653 # probably refer to the time commonly used in mainland China at the time given
654 # the paper's background) ... the sunrise/sunset time given by South China
655 # Morning Post for October 1st was indeed moved by half an hour compares to
656 # before. After that, in December, the battle to capture Hong Kong started and
657 # the library doesn't seems to have any record stored about press during that
658 # period of time. Some media resumed publication soon after that within the
659 # same month, but there were not much information about time there. Later they
660 # started including a radio program guide when they restored radio service,
661 # explicitly mentioning it use Tokyo standard time, and later added a note
662 # saying it's half an hour ahead of the old Hong Kong standard time, and it
663 # also seems to indicate that Hong Kong was not using GMT+8 when it was
664 # captured by Japan.
665 #
666 # Image of related sections on newspaper:
667 # * 1941-09-30, Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong), "Winter Time start tomorrow".
668 # https://i.imgur.com/6waY51Z.jpg (Chinese)
669 # * 1941-09-29, South China Morning Post, Information on sunrise/sunset
670 # time and other things for September 30 and October 1.
671 # https://i.imgur.com/kCiUR78.jpg
672 # * 1942-02-05. The Hong Kong News, Radio Program Guide.
673 # https://i.imgur.com/eVvDMzS.jpg
674 # * 1941-06-14. Hong Kong Daily Press, Daylight Saving from 3am Tomorrow.
675 # https://i.imgur.com/05KkvtC.png
676 # * 1941-09-30, Hong Kong Daily Press, Winter Time Warning.
677 # https://i.imgur.com/dge4kFJ.png
678
679 # From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11):
680 # "Hong Kong winter time" is considered to be daylight saving.
681 # "Hong Kong had adopted daylight saving on June 15 as a wartime measure,
682 # clocks moving forward one hour until October 1, when they would be put back
683 # by just half an hour for 'Hong Kong Winter time', so that daylight saving
684 # operated year round." -- Low Z. The longest day: when wartime Hong Kong
685 # introduced daylight saving. South China Morning Post. 2019-06-28.
686 # https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/3016281/longest-day-when-wartime-hong-kong-introduced
687
688 # From P Chan (2018-12-31):
689 # * According to the Hong Kong Daylight-Saving Regulations, 1941, the
690 # 1941 spring-forward transition was at 03:00.
691 # http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/304271.pdf
692 # http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/305516.pdf
693 # * According to some articles from South China Morning Post, +08 was
694 # resumed on 1945-11-18 at 02:00.
695 # https://i.imgur.com/M2IsZ3c.png
696 # https://i.imgur.com/iOPqrVo.png
697 # https://i.imgur.com/fffcGDs.png
698 # * Some newspapers ... said the 1946 spring-forward transition was on
699 # 04-21 at 00:00. The Kung Sheung Evening News 1946-04-20 (Chinese)
700 # https://i.imgur.com/ZSzent0.png
701 # https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2FH7zGe%2FKF%2BFLYsuqGhRBfe p.4
702 # The Kung Sheung Daily News 1946-04-21 (Chinese)
703 # https://i.imgur.com/7ecmRlcm.png
704 # https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2BQBGt1%2BwUj5qG2GqtwR3Wh p.4
705 # * According to the Summer Time Ordinance (1946), the fallback
706 # transitions between 1946 and 1952 were at 03:30 Standard Time (+08)
707 # http://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/bb74b06a74d5294620a15de560ab33c6.pdf
708 # * Some other laws and regulations related to DST from 1953 to 1979
709 # Summer Time Ordinance 1953
710 # https://i.imgur.com/IOlJMav.jpg
711 # Summer Time (Amendment) Ordinance 1965
712 # https://i.imgur.com/8rofeLa.jpg
713 # Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (1966)
714 # https://i.imgur.com/joy3msj.jpg
715 # Emergency (Summer Time) Regulation 1973 <https://i.imgur.com/OpRWrKz.jpg>
716 # Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance 1977
717 # https://i.imgur.com/RaNqnc4.jpg
718 # Resolution of the Legislative Council passed on 9 May 1979
719 # https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr78-79/english/lc_sitg/hansard/h790509.pdf#page=39
720
721 # From Paul Eggert (2019-05-31):
722 # Here are the dates given at
723 # https://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
724 # as of 2014-06-19:
725 # Year Period
726 # 1941 15 Jun to 30 Sep
727 # 1942 Whole year
728 # 1943 Whole year
729 # 1944 Whole year
730 # 1945 Whole year
731 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
732 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Nov
733 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
734 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
735 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
736 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
737 # 1952 6 Apr to 2 Nov
738 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
739 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
740 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
741 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
742 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
743 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
744 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
745 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
746 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
747 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
748 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
749 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
750 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
751 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
752 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
753 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
754 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
755 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
756 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
757 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
758 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
759 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
760 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
761 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
762 # 1977 Nil
763 # 1978 Nil
764 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
765 # 1980 to Now Nil
766 # The page does not give times of day for transitions,
767 # or dates for the 1942 and 1945 transitions.
768 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began 1941-12-25.
769
770 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
771 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 21 0:00 1:00 S
772 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30s 0 -
773 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30s 1:00 S
774 Rule HK 1947 only - Nov 30 3:30s 0 -
775 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30s 1:00 S
776 Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct Sun>=28 3:30s 0 -
777 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
778 Rule HK 1953 1964 - Oct Sun>=31 3:30 0 -
779 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
780 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
781 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
782 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
783 Rule HK 1979 only - May 13 3:30 1:00 S
784 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct 21 3:30 0 -
785 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
786 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 0:36:42
787 8:00 - HKT 1941 Jun 15 3:00
788 8:00 1:00 HKST 1941 Oct 1 4:00
789 8:00 0:30 HKWT 1941 Dec 25
790 9:00 - JST 1945 Nov 18 2:00
791 8:00 HK HK%sT
792
793 ###############################################################################
794
795 # Taiwan
796
797 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
798 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
799 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
800 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
801
802 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
803 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
804 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
805 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
806 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
807 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
808 # found on Wikisource:
809 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
810 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
811 # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
812 # declared officially.
813 #
814 # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
815 # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
816 # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
817 # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
818 # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
819 # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
820 # (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
821 # be found on Wikisource:
822 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
823 #
824 # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UT+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
825
826 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
827 # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UT+9
828 # back to UT+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document
829 # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
830 # zone back to Western Standard Time (UT+8) on Sep 21. And in another
831 # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
832 # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two
833 # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And
834 # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
835 # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
836 # that:
837 #
838 # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
839 # the time at 135E (GMT+9)
840 #
841 # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
842 # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
843 # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
844 # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
845 #
846 # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
847 # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
848 # Time.
849 #
850 # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
851 # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
852 # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
853 # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
854 # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
855 # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
856
857 # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
858 # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
859 # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General
860 # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
861 # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
862 # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
863 # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more
864 # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
865 # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
866 # would be a good one.
867 # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
868 # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
869
870 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
871 # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
872 # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
873 #
874 # Original Bulletin:
875 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
876 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
877 #
878 # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
879 # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
880 #
881 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
882 #
883 # Here is a brief translation:
884 #
885 # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
886 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
887 # adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
888 #
889 # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
890 # be found from historical government announcement database.
891
892 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
893 # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01
894 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
895 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
896
897 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
898 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
899 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
900 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
901 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
902 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
903 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
904 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
905 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
906 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
907 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
908 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
909 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
910 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
911 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
912 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
913
914 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
915 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
916 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
917 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1
918 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00
919 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
920
921 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
922 #
923 # From P Chan (2018-05-10):
924 # * LegisMac
925 # http://legismac.safp.gov.mo/legismac/descqry/Descqry.jsf?lang=pt
926 # A database for searching titles of legal documents of Macau in
927 # Chinese and Portuguese. The term "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" can be used for
928 # searching decrees about summer time.
929 # * Archives of Macao
930 # http://www.archives.gov.mo/en/bo/
931 # It contains images of old official gazettes.
932 # * The Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau have a page listing the
933 # summer time history. But it is not complete and has some mistakes.
934 # http://www.smg.gov.mo/smg/geophysics/e_t_Summer%20Time.htm
935 # Macau adopted GMT+8 on 30 Oct 1904 to follow Hong Kong. Clocks were
936 # advanced by 25 minutes and 50 seconds. Which means the LMT used was
937 # +7:34:10. As stated in the "Portaria No. 204" dated 21 October 1904
938 # and published in the Official Gazette on 29 October 1904.
939 # http://igallery.icm.gov.mo/Images/Archives/BO/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10_00025_Grey.JPG
940 #
941 # Therefore the 1911 decree of Portugal did not change time in Macau.
942 #
943 # From LegisMac, here is a list of decrees that changed the time ...
944 # [Decree Gazette-no. date; titles omitted in this quotation]
945 # DIL 732 BOCM 51 1941.12.20
946 # DIL 764 BOCM 9S 1942.04.30
947 # DIL 781 BOCM 21 1942.10.10
948 # PT 3434 BOCM 8S 1943.04.17
949 # PT 3504 BOCM 20 1943.09.25
950 # PT 3843 BOCM 39 1945.09.29
951 # PT 3961 BOCM 17 1946.04.27
952 # PT 4026 BOCM 39 1946.09.28
953 # PT 4153 BOCM 16 1947.04.10
954 # PT 4271 BOCM 48 1947.11.29
955 # PT 4374 BOCM 18 1948.05.01
956 # PT 4465 BOCM 44 1948.10.30
957 # PT 4590 BOCM 14 1949.04.02
958 # PT 4666 BOCM 44 1949.10.29
959 # PT 4771 BOCM 12 1950.03.25
960 # PT 4838 BOCM 43 1950.10.28
961 # PT 4946 BOCM 12 1951.03.24
962 # PT 5025 BO 43 1951.10.27
963 # PT 5149 BO 14 1952.04.05
964 # PT 5251 BO 43 1952.10.25
965 # PT 5366 BO 13 1953.03.28
966 # PT 5444 BO 44 1953.10.31
967 # PT 5540 BO 12 1954.03.20
968 # PT 5589 BO 44 1954.10.30
969 # PT 5676 BO 12 1955.03.19
970 # PT 5739 BO 45 1955.11.05
971 # PT 5823 BO 11 1956.03.17
972 # PT 5891 BO 44 1956.11.03
973 # PT 5981 BO 12 1957.03.23
974 # PT 6064 BO 43 1957.10.26
975 # PT 6172 BO 12 1958.03.22
976 # PT 6243 BO 43 1958.10.25
977 # PT 6341 BO 12 1959.03.21
978 # PT 6411 BO 43 1959.10.24
979 # PT 6514 BO 11 1960.03.12
980 # PT 6584 BO 44 1960.10.29
981 # PT 6721 BO 10 1961.03.11
982 # PT 6815 BO 43 1961.10.28
983 # PT 6947 BO 10 1962.03.10
984 # PT 7080 BO 43 1962.10.27
985 # PT 7218 BO 12 1963.03.23
986 # PT 7340 BO 43 1963.10.26
987 # PT 7491 BO 11 1964.03.14
988 # PT 7664 BO 43 1964.10.24
989 # PT 7846 BO 15 1965.04.10
990 # PT 7979 BO 42 1965.10.16
991 # PT 8146 BO 15 1966.04.09
992 # PT 8252 BO 41 1966.10.08
993 # PT 8429 BO 15 1967.04.15
994 # PT 8540 BO 41 1967.10.14
995 # PT 8735 BO 15 1968.04.13
996 # PT 8860 BO 41 1968.10.12
997 # PT 9035 BO 16 1969.04.19
998 # PT 9156 BO 42 1969.10.18
999 # PT 9328 BO 15 1970.04.11
1000 # PT 9418 BO 41 1970.10.10
1001 # PT 9587 BO 14 1971.04.03
1002 # PT 9702 BO 41 1971.10.09
1003 # PT 38-A/72 BO 14 1972.04.01
1004 # PT 126-A/72 BO 41 1972.10.07
1005 # PT 61/73 BO 14 1973.04.07
1006 # PT 182/73 BO 40 1973.10.06
1007 # PT 282/73 BO 51 1973.12.22
1008 # PT 177/74 BO 41 1974.10.12
1009 # PT 51/75 BO 15 1975.04.12
1010 # PT 173/75 BO 41 1975.10.11
1011 # PT 67/76/M BO 14 1976.04.03
1012 # PT 169/76/M BO 41 1976.10.09
1013 # PT 78/79/M BO 19 1979.05.12
1014 # PT 166/79/M BO 42 1979.10.20
1015 # Note that DIL 732 does not belong to "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" according to
1016 # LegisMac.... Note that between 1942 and 1945, the time switched
1017 # between GMT+9 and GMT+10. Also in 1965 and 1965 the DST ended at 2:30am.
1018
1019 # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-10):
1020 # The 1904 decree says that Macau changed from the meridian of
1021 # Fortaleza do Monte, presumably the basis for the 7:34:10 for LMT.
1022
1023 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1024 Rule Macau 1942 1943 - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 -
1025 Rule Macau 1942 only - Nov 17 23:00 0 -
1026 Rule Macau 1943 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 S
1027 Rule Macau 1946 only - Apr 30 23:00s 1:00 D
1028 Rule Macau 1946 only - Sep 30 23:00s 0 S
1029 Rule Macau 1947 only - Apr 19 23:00s 1:00 D
1030 Rule Macau 1947 only - Nov 30 23:00s 0 S
1031 Rule Macau 1948 only - May 2 23:00s 1:00 D
1032 Rule Macau 1948 only - Oct 31 23:00s 0 S
1033 Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D
1034 Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S
1035 Rule Macau 1951 only - Mar 31 23:00s 1:00 D
1036 Rule Macau 1951 only - Oct 28 23:00s 0 S
1037 Rule Macau 1952 1953 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D
1038 Rule Macau 1952 only - Nov 1 23:00s 0 S
1039 Rule Macau 1953 1954 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S
1040 Rule Macau 1954 1956 - Mar Sat>=17 23:00s 1:00 D
1041 Rule Macau 1955 only - Nov 5 23:00s 0 S
1042 Rule Macau 1956 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 03:30 0 S
1043 Rule Macau 1957 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 03:30 1:00 D
1044 Rule Macau 1965 1973 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D
1045 Rule Macau 1965 1966 - Oct Sun>=16 02:30 0 S
1046 Rule Macau 1967 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S
1047 Rule Macau 1973 only - Dec 30 03:30 1:00 D
1048 Rule Macau 1975 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D
1049 Rule Macau 1979 only - May 13 03:30 1:00 D
1050 Rule Macau 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S
1051
1052 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1053 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:10 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
1054 8:00 - CST 1941 Dec 21 23:00
1055 9:00 Macau +09/+10 1945 Sep 30 24:00
1056 8:00 Macau C%sT
1057
1058
1059 ###############################################################################
1060
1061 # Cyprus
1062
1063 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
1064 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
1065
1066 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09):
1067 # Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's
1068 # lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round.
1069 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/
1070 #
1071 # From Even Scharning (2016-10-31):
1072 # Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night.
1073 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/
1074
1075 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1076 # Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus
1077 # staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus. See: Anastasiou A.
1078 # Cyprus to remain united in time. Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17.
1079 # https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/
1080
1081 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1082 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
1083 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
1084 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
1085 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
1086 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1087 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
1088 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
1089 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1090 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1091 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1092 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
1093 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
1094 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
1095 Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
1096 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
1097 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8
1098 3:00 - +03 2017 Oct 29 1:00u
1099 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
1100
1101 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
1102 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
1103 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
1104
1105 # Georgia
1106 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
1107 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
1108 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
1109 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
1110 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
1111 #
1112 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
1113 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
1114 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
1115 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
1116 #
1117 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
1118 #
1119 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
1120 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
1121 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
1122 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
1123 # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
1124 # of integration into Europe.
1125
1126 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
1127 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
1128 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
1129 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
1130 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
1131 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
1132 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
1133 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
1134 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
1135
1136 # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
1137 # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
1138 # Go with Byalokoz.
1139
1140 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1141 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880
1142 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
1143 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
1144 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1145 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992
1146 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun
1147 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun
1148 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun
1149 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27
1150 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
1151 4:00 - +04
1152
1153 # East Timor
1154
1155 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
1156
1157 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
1158 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
1159 # <https://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
1160 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
1161 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
1162 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
1163 # conflicts with their way of life.
1164
1165 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
1166 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
1167 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
1168
1169 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
1170 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
1171 # (2000-08-16):
1172 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
1173 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
1174 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
1175 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
1176
1177 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1178 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
1179 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00
1180 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3
1181 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00
1182 9:00 - +09
1183
1184 # India
1185
1186 # British astronomer Henry Park Hollis disliked India Standard Time's offset:
1187 # "A new time system has been proposed for India, Further India, and Burmah.
1188 # The scheme suggested is that the times of the meridians 5½ and 6½ hours
1189 # east of Greenwich should be adopted in these territories. No reason is
1190 # given why hourly meridians five hours and six hours east should not be
1191 # chosen; a plan which would bring the time of India into harmony with
1192 # that of almost the whole of the civilised world."
1193 # Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc.
1194 # 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382
1195
1196 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
1197 # https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
1198 # (2015-12-22):
1199 # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
1200 # outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of
1201 # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this
1202 # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century.
1203
1204 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
1205 # Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India.
1206 # "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic
1207 # measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras
1208 # (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time,
1209 # and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time:
1210 # 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19.
1211 # "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present
1212 # standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time. The citizen of
1213 # Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of
1214 # his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat
1215 # of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change
1216 # the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted
1217 # Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the
1218 # rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its
1219 # place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement.
1220 # Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55.
1221 #
1222 # "In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the
1223 # only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time,
1224 # first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR)....
1225 # Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their
1226 # local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and
1227 # Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145.
1228 #
1229 # Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8.
1230 # https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212
1231 # This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on
1232 # 1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530. Some
1233 # municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta
1234 # continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at
1235 # government offices. Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or
1236 # at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book). Railway time is more
1237 # appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do
1238 # elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was
1239 # consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata. So, use railway
1240 # time for 1870-1941. Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the
1241 # 1941-1945 data.
1242
1243 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1244 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata
1245 5:53:20 - HMT 1870 # Howrah Mean Time?
1246 5:21:10 - MMT 1906 Jan 1 # Madras local time
1247 5:30 - IST 1941 Oct
1248 5:30 1:00 +0630 1942 May 15
1249 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
1250 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
1251 5:30 - IST
1252 # Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata:
1253 # Andaman Is
1254 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
1255 # Nicobar Is
1256
1257 # Indonesia
1258 #
1259 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
1260 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
1261 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
1262 #
1263 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
1264 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
1265 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
1266 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
1267 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
1268 #
1269 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
1270 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
1271 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
1272 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
1273 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
1274 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
1275 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
1276 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
1277 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
1278 # from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
1279 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
1280 # switched on 1945-09-23.
1281 #
1282 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
1283 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
1284 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
1285 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
1286 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
1287 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
1288 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
1289 # The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
1290 #
1291 # WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
1292 # WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
1293 # WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
1294 #
1295 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1296 # Java, Sumatra
1297 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
1298 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
1299 # but this must be a typo.
1300 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
1301 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov
1302 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23
1303 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
1304 7:30 - +0730 1948 May
1305 8:00 - +08 1950 May
1306 7:30 - +0730 1964
1307 7:00 - WIB
1308 # west and central Borneo
1309 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
1310 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
1311 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29
1312 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
1313 7:30 - +0730 1948 May
1314 8:00 - +08 1950 May
1315 7:30 - +0730 1964
1316 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1
1317 7:00 - WIB
1318 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
1319 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
1320 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
1321 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9
1322 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
1323 8:00 - WITA
1324 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
1325 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
1326 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1
1327 9:30 - +0930 1964
1328 9:00 - WIT
1329
1330 # Iran
1331
1332 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
1333 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
1334 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
1335 #
1336 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
1337 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
1338 #
1339 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
1340 #
1341 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
1342 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
1343 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
1344 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
1345 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
1346 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
1347 #
1348 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
1349 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
1350 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
1351 # Shahrivar.
1352 #
1353 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
1354 #
1355 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
1356 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
1357 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
1358 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
1359 #
1360 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
1361 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
1362 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
1363 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
1364 # plan to change that law....
1365 #
1366 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-30):
1367 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
1368 # I used the following code in GNU Emacs 26.1 to generate the "Rule Iran"
1369 # lines from 2008 through 2087. Emacs 26.1 uses Ed Reingold's
1370 # cal-persia implementation of Birashk's approximation, which in the
1371 # 2008-2087 range disagrees with the astronomical Persian calendar
1372 # for Persian years 1404 (Gregorian 2025) and 1437 (Gregorian 2058), so
1373 # the following code special-cases those years. See Table 15.1, page 264, of:
1374 # Edward M. Reingold and Nachum Dershowitz, Calendrical Calculations:
1375 # The Ultimate Edition, Cambridge University Press (2018).
1376 # https://www.cambridge.org/fr/academic/subjects/computer-science/computing-general-interest/calendrical-calculations-ultimate-edition-4th-edition
1377 # Page 258, footnote 2, of this book says there is some dispute over what will
1378 # happen in 2091 (and some other years after that), so this code
1379 # stops in 2087, as 2088 and 2089 agree with the "max" rule below.
1380 # (cl-loop
1381 # initially (require 'cal-persia)
1382 # with first-persian-year = 1387
1383 # with last-persian-year = 1466
1384 # ;; Exceptional years in the above range,
1385 # ;; from Reingold & Dershowitz Table 15.1, page 264:
1386 # with exceptional-persian-years = '(1404 1437)
1387 # with range-start = nil
1388 # for persian-year from first-persian-year to last-persian-year
1389 # do
1390 # (let*
1391 # ((exceptional-year-offset
1392 # (if (member persian-year exceptional-persian-years) 1 0))
1393 # (beg-dst-absolute
1394 # (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 persian-year))
1395 # exceptional-year-offset))
1396 # (end-dst-absolute
1397 # (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 6 30 persian-year))
1398 # exceptional-year-offset))
1399 # (next-year-beg-dst-absolute
1400 # (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 (1+ persian-year)))
1401 # (if (member (1+ persian-year) exceptional-persian-years) 1 0)))
1402 # (beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute beg-dst-absolute))
1403 # (end-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute end-dst-absolute))
1404 # (next-year-beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
1405 # next-year-beg-dst-absolute))
1406 # (year (calendar-extract-year beg-dst))
1407 # (range-end (if range-start year "only")))
1408 # (setq range-start (or range-start year))
1409 # (when (or (/= (calendar-extract-day beg-dst)
1410 # (calendar-extract-day next-year-beg-dst))
1411 # (= persian-year last-persian-year))
1412 # (insert
1413 # (format
1414 # "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\t-\n"
1415 # range-start range-end
1416 # (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month beg-dst) t)
1417 # (calendar-extract-day beg-dst)))
1418 # (insert
1419 # (format
1420 # "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n"
1421 # range-start range-end
1422 # (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month end-dst) t)
1423 # (calendar-extract-day end-dst)))
1424 # (setq range-start nil))))
1425 #
1426 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
1427 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
1428 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
1429 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
1430 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
1431 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
1432 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
1433 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
1434 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
1435 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
1436 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
1437 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
1438 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
1439 #
1440 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
1441 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
1442 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
1443 #
1444 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
1445 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
1446 # daylight saving time ...
1447 # https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
1448 #
1449 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
1450 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
1451 # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
1452 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
1453 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
1454 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
1455 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
1456 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
1457 #
1458 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1459 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1460 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 20 24:00 0 -
1461 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 -
1462 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 22 24:00 0 -
1463 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 2 24:00 1:00 -
1464 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1465 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1466 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1467 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1468 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1469 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1470 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1471 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1472 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1473 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1474 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1475 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1476 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1477 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1478 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1479 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1480 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1481 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1482 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1483 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1484 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1485 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1486 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1487 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1488 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1489 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1490 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1491 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1492 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1493 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1494 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1495 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1496 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1497 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1498 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1499 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1500 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1501 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1502 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1503 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1504 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1505 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1506 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1507 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1508 Rule Iran 2038 2039 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1509 Rule Iran 2038 2039 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1510 Rule Iran 2040 2041 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1511 Rule Iran 2040 2041 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1512 Rule Iran 2042 2043 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1513 Rule Iran 2042 2043 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1514 Rule Iran 2044 2045 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1515 Rule Iran 2044 2045 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1516 Rule Iran 2046 2047 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1517 Rule Iran 2046 2047 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1518 Rule Iran 2048 2049 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1519 Rule Iran 2048 2049 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1520 Rule Iran 2050 2051 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1521 Rule Iran 2050 2051 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1522 Rule Iran 2052 2053 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1523 Rule Iran 2052 2053 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1524 Rule Iran 2054 2055 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1525 Rule Iran 2054 2055 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1526 Rule Iran 2056 2057 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1527 Rule Iran 2056 2057 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1528 Rule Iran 2058 2059 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1529 Rule Iran 2058 2059 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1530 Rule Iran 2060 2062 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1531 Rule Iran 2060 2062 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1532 Rule Iran 2063 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1533 Rule Iran 2063 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1534 Rule Iran 2064 2066 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1535 Rule Iran 2064 2066 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1536 Rule Iran 2067 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1537 Rule Iran 2067 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1538 Rule Iran 2068 2070 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1539 Rule Iran 2068 2070 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1540 Rule Iran 2071 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1541 Rule Iran 2071 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1542 Rule Iran 2072 2074 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1543 Rule Iran 2072 2074 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1544 Rule Iran 2075 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1545 Rule Iran 2075 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1546 Rule Iran 2076 2078 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1547 Rule Iran 2076 2078 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1548 Rule Iran 2079 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1549 Rule Iran 2079 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1550 Rule Iran 2080 2082 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1551 Rule Iran 2080 2082 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1552 Rule Iran 2083 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1553 Rule Iran 2083 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1554 Rule Iran 2084 2086 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1555 Rule Iran 2084 2086 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1556 Rule Iran 2087 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1557 Rule Iran 2087 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1558 #
1559 # The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2088.
1560 # These are the best post-2088 approximations available, given the
1561 # restrictions of a single rule using ordinary Gregorian dates.
1562 # At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
1563 # possibly Iran will change the rules first.
1564 Rule Iran 2088 max - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1565 Rule Iran 2088 max - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1566
1567 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1568 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
1569 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
1570 3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov
1571 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979
1572 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430
1573
1574
1575 # Iraq
1576 #
1577 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
1578 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
1579 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
1580 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
1581 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
1582 #
1583 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
1584 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
1585 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
1586 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
1587 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
1588 #
1589 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
1590
1591 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
1592 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
1593 # news sources (in Arabic):
1594 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
1595 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
1596 #
1597 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
1598 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
1599
1600 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1601 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 -
1602 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1603 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 -
1604 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 -
1605 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1606 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 -
1607 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
1608 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
1609 #
1610 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 -
1611 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 -
1612 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1613 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
1614 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
1615 3:00 - +03 1982 May
1616 3:00 Iraq +03/+04
1617
1618
1619 ###############################################################################
1620
1621 # Israel
1622
1623 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
1624 #
1625 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
1626 # different abbreviations in use:
1627 #
1628 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
1629 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
1630 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
1631 #
1632 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
1633 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
1634 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
1635 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
1636 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
1637 # settings in Israeli computers.
1638 #
1639 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
1640 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
1641 # family is from India).
1642
1643 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1644 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1645 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1646 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1647 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1648 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1649 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1650 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1651 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
1652 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1653 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
1654 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
1655 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1656 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1657 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1658 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
1659 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1660 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
1661 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
1662 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
1663 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
1664 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
1665 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
1666 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
1667 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
1668 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
1669 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
1670 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
1671 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
1672 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1673 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
1674 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
1675 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
1676 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
1677
1678 # From Alois Treindl (2019-03-06):
1679 # http://www.moin.gov.il/Documents/שעון%20קיץ/clock-50-years-7-2014.pdf
1680 # From Isaac Starkman (2019-03-06):
1681 # Summer time was in that period in 1980 and 1984, see
1682 # https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3951073,00.html
1683 # You can of course read it in translation.
1684 # I checked the local newspapers for that years.
1685 # It started on midnight and end at 01.00 am.
1686 # From Paul Eggert (2019-03-06):
1687 # Also see this thread about the moin.gov.il URL:
1688 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-November/027194.html
1689 Rule Zion 1980 only - Aug 2 0:00 1:00 D
1690 Rule Zion 1980 only - Sep 13 1:00 0 S
1691 Rule Zion 1984 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
1692 Rule Zion 1984 only - Aug 25 1:00 0 S
1693
1694 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1695 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
1696 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1697 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
1698 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
1699 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
1700 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1701
1702 # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):
1703 # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
1704 # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
1705 # ends and changes to Sunday.
1706 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
1707 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
1708
1709 # From Ephraim Silverberg
1710 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
1711 # and 2005-02-17):
1712
1713 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
1714 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
1715 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
1716 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
1717 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
1718 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
1719 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
1720 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
1721 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
1722 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
1723 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
1724 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
1725 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
1726 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
1727 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
1728 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
1729 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
1730 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
1731 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
1732 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
1733 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
1734 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
1735
1736 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1737 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1738 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1739 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
1740 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
1741 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
1742 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
1743 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
1744 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1745 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
1746 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1747
1748 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
1749 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
1750 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
1751
1752 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1753 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1754 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
1755 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1756 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1757
1758 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
1759 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
1760 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
1761 #
1762 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
1763 #
1764 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
1765 #
1766 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
1767 #
1768 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
1769 #
1770 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
1771
1772 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1773 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
1774 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1775 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1776 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1777 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
1778 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1779 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
1780 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
1781
1782 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
1783 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
1784 # years 2001-2004 as well.
1785 #
1786 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
1787 #
1788 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
1789 #
1790 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
1791 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
1792 #
1793 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
1794
1795 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1796 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1797 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
1798 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
1799 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
1800 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
1801 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
1802 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
1803 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
1804 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
1805 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
1806
1807 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
1808 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
1809 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
1810 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
1811 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
1812 #
1813 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
1814 #
1815 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
1816
1817 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1818 Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Apr Fri<=1 2:00 1:00 D
1819 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1820 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1821 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1822 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
1823 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1824 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1825 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1826 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
1827
1828 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27):
1829 # On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the
1830 # Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading
1831 # in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third
1832 # (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013.
1833 #
1834 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday
1835 # in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October.
1836
1837 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1838 Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
1839 Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1840
1841 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1842 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880
1843 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1844 2:00 Zion I%sT
1845
1846
1847
1848 ###############################################################################
1849
1850 # Japan
1851
1852 # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
1853
1854 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1855 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1856 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
1857 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
1858
1859 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
1860 # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
1861 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1862 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1863 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1864 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1865 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1866 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1867 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1868 # wanted to keep it.)
1869
1870 # From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19):
1871 # The source of information is Japanese law.
1872 # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm
1873 # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm
1874 # ... In summary, it is written as follows. From 24:00 on the first Saturday
1875 # in May, until 0:00 on the day after the second Saturday in September.
1876
1877 # From Phake Nick (2018-09-27):
1878 # [T]he webpage authored by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
1879 # https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EF.html
1880 # ... mentioned that using Showa 23 (year 1948) as example, 13pm of September
1881 # 11 in summer time will equal to 0am of September 12 in standard time.
1882 # It cited a document issued by the Liaison Office which briefly existed
1883 # during the postwar period of Japan, where the detail on implementation
1884 # of the summer time is described in the document.
1885 # https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EFB2C6BBFEB9EFA4CEBCC2BBDCA4CBA4C4A4A4A4C6.pdf
1886 # The text in the document do instruct a fall back to occur at
1887 # September 11, 13pm in summer time, while ordinary citizens can
1888 # change the clock before they sleep.
1889 #
1890 # From Paul Eggert (2018-09-27):
1891 # This instruction is equivalent to "Sat>=8 25:00", so use that. zic treats
1892 # it like "Sun>=9 01:00", which is not quite the same but is the best we can
1893 # do in any POSIX or C platform. The "25:00" assumes zic from 2007 or later,
1894 # which should be safe now.
1895
1896 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1897 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
1898 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 25:00 0 S
1899 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
1900 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
1901
1902 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1903 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1904 # Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N.
1905 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1906 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1907 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1908 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1909
1910 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1911 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1912 # which stands for the time on 135° E.
1913 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1914 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1915 # time", which stands for the time on 120° E.... But "western standard
1916 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1917 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1918 # standard....
1919 #
1920 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1921 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1922
1923 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
1924 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
1925 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
1926 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
1927 #
1928 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
1929 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
1930 # Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
1931 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
1932
1933 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1934 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1935 9:00 Japan J%sT
1936 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo,
1937 # except that Truk (Chuuk), Ponape (Pohnpei), and Jaluit (Kosrae) did not
1938 # switch from +10 to +09 until 1941-04-01; see the 'australasia' file.
1939
1940 # Jordan
1941 #
1942 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
1943 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1944 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1945 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1946 # all year round.
1947 #
1948 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
1949 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1950 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1951 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1952 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1953 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1954 #
1955 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1956 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1957 #
1958 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1959 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1960 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1961 #
1962 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1963 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1964 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1965 #
1966
1967 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1968 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1969 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1970 #
1971 # Google's translation:
1972 #
1973 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1974 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1975 # > of the month of March of each year.
1976 #
1977 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1978
1979 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1980 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1981
1982 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
1983 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
1984 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
1985 # until about the same time next year (at least).
1986 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
1987
1988 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
1989 # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
1990 # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
1991 # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
1992 # Official, in Arabic:
1993 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
1994 # ... Our background/permalink about it
1995 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
1996 # ...
1997 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
1998 # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
1999 # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).
2000
2001 # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
2002 # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
2003
2004 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2005 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
2006 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2007 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2008 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2009 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2010 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
2011 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2012 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2013 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2014 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2015 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2016 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
2017 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
2018 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
2019 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
2020 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
2021 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2022 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2023 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2024 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
2025 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
2026 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
2027 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
2028 Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
2029 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
2030 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
2031 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
2032 Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
2033 Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 -
2034 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
2035 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
2036 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2037 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
2038 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
2039
2040
2041 # Kazakhstan
2042
2043 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
2044 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
2045 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
2046 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
2047 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
2048 #
2049 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
2050 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
2051 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
2052 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
2053 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
2054 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtöbe, Atyraū,
2055 # Mangghystaū, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
2056 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
2057 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
2058
2059 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
2060 # Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/
2061 # produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan:
2062 #
2063 # 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR
2064 # from 1991-02-04 No. 20
2065 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545
2066 # removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR
2067 # starting with the last Sunday of March 1991.
2068 # It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR,
2069 # Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time.
2070 #
2071 # The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers
2072 # of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet
2073 # of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its
2074 # text.
2075 #
2076 # According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20
2077 # -- page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
2078 # http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564 -- on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
2079 # transition to "summer" time:
2080 # Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova,
2081 # Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug
2082 # were to move clocks 1 hour forward.
2083 # Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik
2084 # SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts
2085 # of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards.
2086 # Other territories were to not move clocks.
2087 # When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be
2088 # moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding
2089 # Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan.
2090 #
2091 # Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170
2092 # was one of such changes.
2093 #
2094 # https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное_время
2095 # claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that
2096 # Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast)
2097 # were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks
2098 # forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards.
2099 # (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an
2100 # article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not
2101 # move clocks.)
2102 #
2103 # This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while
2104 # the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06
2105 # to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth
2106 # time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ...
2107 #
2108 # 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2109 # from 1992-01-13 No. 28
2110 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_
2111 # (text includes modification from the 1996 act)
2112 # introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian
2113 # 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated
2114 # according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks
2115 # on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at
2116 # 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was
2117 # located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the
2118 # border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk
2119 # oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth
2120 # time belt).
2121 #
2122 # This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for
2123 # Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyraū and Qostanay oblasts; from
2124 # +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk)....
2125 #
2126 # 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2127 # from 1992-03-27 No. 284
2128 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_
2129 # cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts
2130 # since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth
2131 # and the fifth time belts respectively.
2132 #
2133 # 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2134 # from 1994-09-23 No. 384
2135 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_
2136 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghystaū
2137 # oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on
2138 # the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a
2139 # result)....
2140 #
2141 # 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2142 # from 1996-05-08 No. 575
2143 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_
2144 # amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead
2145 # of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act.
2146 #
2147 # 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2148 # from 1999-03-26 No. 305
2149 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_
2150 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyraū oblast since the
2151 # last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth
2152 # time belt.
2153 #
2154 # This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05....
2155 #
2156 # 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2157 # from 2000-11-23 No. 1749
2158 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000
2159 # replaces the previous five documents.
2160 #
2161 # The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the
2162 # fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling
2163 # and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997
2164 # probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast
2165 # (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast
2166 # from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the
2167 # fourth time belt (no change in practice).
2168 #
2169 # 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2170 # from 2003-12-29 No. 1342
2171 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_
2172 # modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently.
2173 #
2174 # 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2175 # from 2004-07-20 No. 775
2176 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004
2177 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into
2178 # the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not
2179 # using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time
2180 # zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented
2181 # during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically
2182 # amended before implementation happened.
2183 #
2184 # 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2185 # from 2004-09-15 No. 1059
2186 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_
2187 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time"
2188 # (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the
2189 # 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyraū, West Kazakhstan,
2190 # Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghystaū oblasts by not moving clocks
2191 # during the 2004 transition to "winter" time.
2192 #
2193 # This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no
2194 # zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to
2195 # +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently)
2196 # and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....
2197 #
2198 # 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2199 # from 2005-03-15 No. 231
2200 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_
2201 # removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the
2202 # (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15
2203 # acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication.
2204 # The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer
2205 # time.
2206 #
2207 # Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation
2208 # No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
2209 # Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
2210 # act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
2211
2212 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08):
2213 # Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay
2214 # oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone.
2215 # (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations
2216 # according to wikipedia.)
2217 #
2218 # [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/
2219 # suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on
2220 # 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand
2221 # how that could happen....
2222 #
2223 # [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree
2224 # (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html
2225 # and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in
2226 # the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03).
2227
2228 # From Alexander Konzurovski (2018-12-20):
2229 # Qyzyolrda Region (Asia/Qyzylorda) is changing its time zone from
2230 # UTC+6 to UTC+5 effective December 21st, 2018. The legal document is
2231 # located here: http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000817 (russian language).
2232
2233 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2234 #
2235 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
2236 # This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
2237 # KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
2238 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
2239 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
2240 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2241 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2242 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2243 6:00 - +06
2244 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
2245 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
2246 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2247 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
2248 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
2249 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2250 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2251 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2252 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2253 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2254 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2255 6:00 - +06 2018 Dec 21 0:00
2256 5:00 - +05
2257 #
2258 # Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS)
2259 # The 1991/2 rules are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
2260 # reorganization.
2261 Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:28 - LMT 1924 May 2
2262 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2263 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
2264 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
2265 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2266 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2267 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2268 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2269 6:00 - +06
2270
2271 # Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
2272 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
2273 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2274 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
2275 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
2276 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2277 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2278 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2279 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2280 5:00 - +05
2281 # Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN)
2282 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
2283 # so include timestamps before 1963.
2284 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
2285 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2286 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
2287 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2288 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2289 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2290 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
2291 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2292 5:00 - +05
2293 # Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from
2294 # +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994.
2295 Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2
2296 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2297 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
2298 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2299 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2300 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2301 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s
2302 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2303 5:00 - +05
2304 # West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP)
2305 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2306 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2307 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
2308 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2309 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
2310 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
2311 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2312 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2313 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2314 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2315 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2316 5:00 - +05
2317
2318 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
2319 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2320
2321 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
2322 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
2323 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
2324 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
2325 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
2326 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
2327 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
2328 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
2329
2330 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2331 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 -
2332 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2333 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 -
2334 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
2335 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2336 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
2337 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
2338 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2339 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00
2340 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12
2341 6:00 - +06
2342
2343 ###############################################################################
2344
2345 # Korea (North and South)
2346
2347 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
2348 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
2349 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
2350 # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced
2351 # between 1987 and 1988 ...
2352
2353 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
2354 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
2355 # According to the Korean Wikipedia
2356 # https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
2357 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
2358 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old
2359 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
2360 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
2361 # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in
2362 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
2363
2364 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
2365 # 1. According to official announcement from Korean government, the DST end
2366 # date in South Korea should be
2367 # 1955-09-08 without specifying time
2368 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027977557
2369 # 1956-09-29 without specifying time
2370 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027978341
2371 # 1957-09-21 24 o'clock
2372 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027979690#3
2373 # 1958-09-20 24 o'clock
2374 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027981189
2375 # 1959-09-19 24 o'clock
2376 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027982974#2
2377 # 1960-09-17 24 o'clock
2378 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0028044104
2379 # ...
2380 # 2.... https://namu.wiki/w/대한민국%20표준시 ... [says]
2381 # when Korea was using GMT+8:30 as standard time, the international
2382 # aviation/marine/meteorological industry in the country refused to
2383 # follow and continued to use GMT+9:00 for interoperability.
2384
2385
2386 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2387 Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
2388 Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 12 24:00 0 S
2389 Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
2390 Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sat>=7 24:00 0 S
2391 Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
2392 Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
2393 Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
2394 Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 8 24:00 0 S
2395 Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
2396 Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 29 24:00 0 S
2397 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2398 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sat>=17 24:00 0 S
2399 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
2400 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S
2401
2402 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
2403 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
2404 #
2405 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5)
2406 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
2407 # (Announcement No. 338)
2408 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
2409 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
2410 #
2411 # (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30
2412 # edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.)
2413 #
2414 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
2415 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
2416 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
2417 #
2418 # For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
2419 # have no information otherwise.
2420
2421 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
2422 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
2423 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
2424 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
2425 #
2426 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
2427 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
2428 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
2429 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
2430 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
2431 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
2432
2433 # From Kang Seonghoon (2018-04-29):
2434 # North Korea will revert its time zone from UTC+8:30 (PYT; Pyongyang
2435 # Time) back to UTC+9 (KST; Korea Standard Time).
2436 #
2437 # From Seo Sanghyeon (2018-04-30):
2438 # Rodong Sinmun 2018-04-30 announced Pyongyang Time transition plan.
2439 # https://www.nknews.org/kcna/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/04/rodong-2018-04-30.pdf
2440 # ... the transition date is 2018-05-05 ... Citation should be Decree
2441 # No. 2232 of April 30, 2018, of the Presidium of the Supreme People's
2442 # Assembly, as published in Rodong Sinmun.
2443 # From Tim Parenti (2018-04-29):
2444 # It appears to be the front page story at the top in the right-most column.
2445 #
2446 # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-04):
2447 # The BBC reported that the transition was from 23:30 to 24:00 today.
2448 # https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44010705
2449
2450 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2451 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
2452 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
2453 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
2454 9:00 ROK K%sT 1954 Mar 21
2455 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
2456 9:00 ROK K%sT
2457 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
2458 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
2459 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
2460 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00
2461 8:30 - KST 2018 May 4 23:30
2462 9:00 - KST
2463
2464 ###############################################################################
2465
2466 # Kuwait
2467 # See Asia/Riyadh.
2468
2469 # Laos
2470 # See Asia/Bangkok.
2471
2472
2473 # Lebanon
2474 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2475 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
2476 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
2477 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
2478 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
2479 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2480 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2481 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
2482 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
2483 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2484 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2485 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
2486 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2487 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2488 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
2489 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2490 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2491 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
2492 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2493 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2494 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2495 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
2496 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
2497 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2498 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
2499 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2500 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
2501 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
2502
2503 # Malaysia
2504 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2505 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 -
2506 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
2507 #
2508 # peninsular Malaysia
2509 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2510 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2511 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2512 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2513 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2514 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
2515 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
2516 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
2517 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
2518 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2519 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
2520 8:00 - +08
2521 # Sabah & Sarawak
2522 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
2523 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
2524 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
2525 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2526 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
2527 7:30 - +0730 1933
2528 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16
2529 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2530 8:00 - +08
2531
2532 # Maldives
2533 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2534 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé
2535 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time
2536 5:00 - +05
2537
2538 # Mongolia
2539
2540 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
2541 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
2542 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
2543
2544 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
2545 # General Information Mongolia
2546 # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09)
2547 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
2548 # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
2549 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
2550 # eight hours."
2551
2552 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
2553 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
2554 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
2555 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
2556 # of implementation may have been different....
2557 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
2558 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
2559 # Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
2560
2561 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
2562 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
2563 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
2564 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
2565 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
2566 # is good enough for our purposes.
2567
2568 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
2569 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
2570 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
2571 # there are three time zones.
2572 #
2573 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
2574 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
2575 # Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
2576 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
2577 #
2578 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
2579
2580 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
2581 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
2582 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
2583 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
2584 #
2585 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
2586 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
2587 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
2588
2589 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
2590 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
2591 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
2592 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
2593 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
2594 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST.
2595 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
2596 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
2597 # He also found
2598 # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
2599 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
2600 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
2601 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
2602 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
2603 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
2604 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
2605 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
2606
2607 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
2608 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
2609 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
2610 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
2611
2612 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
2613 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
2614 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
2615 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
2616 # database on this, e.g.:
2617 #
2618 # https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
2619 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
2620 #
2621 # both say GMT+08:00.
2622
2623 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
2624 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
2625 # schedule here:
2626 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
2627 # (click the English flag for English)
2628 #
2629 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
2630 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
2631 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
2632 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
2633 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
2634 # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
2635
2636 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
2637 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
2638 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
2639 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
2640 # this is almost surely wrong.
2641
2642 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10):
2643 # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
2644 # daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of
2645 # March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of
2646 # September daylight saving time ends. Source:
2647 # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
2648
2649 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2650 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 -
2651 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2652 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
2653 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
2654 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
2655 #
2656 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
2657 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
2658 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
2659 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
2660 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
2661 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
2662
2663 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09):
2664 # Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight
2665 # saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192
2666
2667 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 -
2668 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2669 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
2670 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 -
2671 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
2672 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 -
2673 Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 -
2674 Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 -
2675
2676 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2677 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
2678 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
2679 6:00 - +06 1978
2680 7:00 Mongol +07/+08
2681 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
2682 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
2683 7:00 - +07 1978
2684 8:00 Mongol +08/+09
2685 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
2686 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
2687 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
2688 7:00 - +07 1978
2689 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr
2690 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31
2691 8:00 Mongol +08/+09
2692
2693 # Nepal
2694 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2695 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
2696 5:30 - +0530 1986
2697 5:45 - +0545
2698
2699 # Oman
2700 # See Asia/Dubai.
2701
2702 # Pakistan
2703
2704 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
2705 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
2706 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
2707 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
2708 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
2709 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
2710
2711 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
2712 # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
2713 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
2714 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
2715 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
2716 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
2717 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
2718 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
2719 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
2720 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
2721 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
2722
2723 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
2724 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
2725 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
2726
2727 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
2728 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
2729 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
2730 #
2731 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
2732 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
2733 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
2734 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
2735 #
2736 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
2737 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
2738
2739 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
2740 #
2741 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
2742 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
2743 #
2744 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to
2745 # help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at
2746 # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."
2747 #
2748 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
2749 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
2750
2751 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
2752 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
2753
2754 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2755 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
2756 # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
2757 # instead of August 31.
2758 #
2759 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
2760 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
2761
2762 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
2763 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
2764 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
2765 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
2766 # official working."
2767 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
2768 #
2769 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
2770 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
2771 #
2772 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
2773 # April 08, 2009
2774 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
2775 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
2776 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
2777 #
2778 # ....
2779 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
2780 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
2781 # conserve energy"
2782
2783 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
2784 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
2785 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
2786 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
2787 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
2788 # this regard."
2789 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
2790
2791 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
2792 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
2793 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from
2794 # October 1, 2009.
2795 #
2796 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
2797 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
2798 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
2799 #
2800 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
2801 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
2802 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
2803 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
2804 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
2805 # Monday."
2806 #
2807 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
2808 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
2809 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
2810 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
2811 #
2812 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
2813 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
2814 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
2815
2816 # From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
2817 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
2818 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
2819
2820 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
2821 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2822 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
2823 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
2824 # >
2825 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
2826 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
2827 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
2828 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
2829 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
2830 #
2831 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
2832 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
2833 #
2834 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
2835 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
2836
2837 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2838 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
2839 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
2840 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2841 Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2842 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
2843
2844 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2845 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
2846 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep
2847 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
2848 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30
2849 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26
2850 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
2851
2852 # Palestine
2853
2854 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
2855 #
2856 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
2857 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
2858 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
2859 #
2860 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
2861 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
2862 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
2863 # though.
2864 #
2865 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
2866 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
2867 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
2868 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
2869 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
2870 # East Jerusalem.
2871 #
2872 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
2873 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
2874 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
2875 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
2876 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
2877 #
2878 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
2879 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
2880 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
2881 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
2882 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
2883 # Jordanian one).
2884 #
2885 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
2886 #
2887 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
2888 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
2889 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
2890 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
2891 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
2892 #
2893 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
2894 # have one).
2895
2896 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2897 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
2898 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
2899 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
2900 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
2901 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
2902 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
2903 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
2904 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
2905 # to Palestine's rules.
2906
2907 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
2908 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
2909 #
2910 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
2911 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
2912 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
2913 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
2914
2915 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2916 # Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
2917 # http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html
2918 # (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
2919 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
2920 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
2921 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
2922 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
2923
2924 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
2925 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
2926
2927 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
2928 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
2929 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
2930 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
2931 # earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
2932
2933 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2934 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
2935 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
2936 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
2937 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
2938 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
2939 # the West Bank.
2940
2941 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
2942 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
2943 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
2944 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
2945 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
2946 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
2947 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
2948 # because of the Ramadan.
2949
2950 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
2951 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
2952 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
2953
2954 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
2955 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
2956 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
2957 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
2958 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
2959 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
2960
2961 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2962 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
2963 #
2964 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
2965 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
2966 #
2967 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
2968 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
2969 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
2970
2971 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
2972 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
2973 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
2974 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
2975 #
2976 # (in Arabic)
2977 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2978 #
2979 # (English translation)
2980 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2981
2982 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2983 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2984 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2985 #
2986 # One news source:
2987 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2988 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2989 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2990 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2991 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2992 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2993 #
2994 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2995 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
2996 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2997
2998 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2999 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
3000 #
3001 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
3002 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
3003 #
3004 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
3005 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
3006 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
3007 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
3008
3009 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
3010 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
3011 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
3012 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
3013 #
3014 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
3015 # (in Arabic)
3016 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
3017
3018 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
3019 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
3020 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
3021 # noon though:
3022 #
3023 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
3024 # (Ma'an News Agency)
3025 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
3026 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
3027
3028 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
3029 # According to several sources, including
3030 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
3031 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
3032 # Gaza and the West Bank.
3033 # Some more background info:
3034 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
3035
3036 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
3037 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
3038 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
3039 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
3040 # Ramadan.
3041 #
3042 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
3043 # Additional info:
3044 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
3045
3046 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
3047 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
3048 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
3049 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
3050 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
3051 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
3052 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
3053 # ...
3054 # https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
3055 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
3056 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
3057
3058 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
3059 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
3060 # 00:00).
3061 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
3062 #
3063 # Many sources, including:
3064 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
3065
3066 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
3067 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
3068 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
3069 # Some of many sources in Arabic:
3070 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
3071 #
3072 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
3073 #
3074 # Our brief summary:
3075 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
3076
3077 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
3078 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
3079 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
3080 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
3081 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
3082 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
3083
3084 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
3085 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
3086 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
3087 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
3088 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
3089 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
3090 # official source...:
3091 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
3092
3093 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03):
3094 # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257
3095 # and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will
3096 # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected.
3097 #
3098 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
3099 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014
3100 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.
3101
3102 # From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09):
3103 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728
3104 # [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight
3105 # saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning,
3106 # 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead."
3107
3108 # From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19):
3109 # [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on
3110 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf
3111 # states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00.
3112 #
3113 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19):
3114 # Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
3115 # This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring
3116 # predictions.
3117 #
3118 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19):
3119 # It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today:
3120 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
3121 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
3122
3123 # From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16):
3124 # Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 by advancing the
3125 # clock by 60 minutes as per Palestinian cabinet decision published on
3126 # the official website, though the decree did not specify the exact
3127 # time of the time shift.
3128 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817
3129
3130 # From Even Scharning (2019-03-23):
3131 # http://pnn.ps/news/401130
3132 # http://palweather.ps/ar/node/50136.html
3133 #
3134 # From Sharif Mustafa (2019-03-26):
3135 # The Palestinian cabinet announced today that the switch to DST will
3136 # be on Fri Mar 29th 2019 by advancing the clock by 60 minutes.
3137 # The decree signing date is Mar 12th but it was not published till today.
3138 # The decree does not specify the exact time of switch.
3139 # http://palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e54e9ea1-50ee-4137-84df-0d6c78da259b
3140 #
3141 # From Even Scharning (2019-04-10):
3142 # Our source in Palestine said it happened Friday 29 at 00:00 local time....
3143 #
3144 # From Paul Eggert (2019-04-10):
3145 # For now, guess spring-ahead transitions are March's last Friday at 00:00.
3146
3147 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3148 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
3149 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3150 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3151 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
3152 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
3153 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
3154
3155 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
3156 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
3157 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
3158 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
3159 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
3160 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
3161 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
3162 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
3163 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
3164 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
3165 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
3166 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
3167 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
3168 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
3169 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
3170 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
3171 Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
3172 Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
3173 Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
3174 Rule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
3175 Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S
3176 Rule Palestine 2016 2018 - Mar Sat>=24 1:00 1:00 S
3177 Rule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 -
3178 Rule Palestine 2019 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
3179
3180 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3181 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
3182 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15
3183 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
3184 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
3185 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
3186 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
3187 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
3188 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
3189 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
3190 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
3191 2:00 - EET 2012
3192 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
3193
3194 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
3195 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15
3196 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
3197 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
3198 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
3199 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
3200
3201 # Paracel Is
3202 # no information
3203
3204 # Philippines
3205
3206 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
3207 # The Spanish initially used American (west-of-Greenwich) time.
3208 # It is unknown what time Manila kept when the British occupied it from
3209 # 1762-10-06 through 1764-04; for now assume it kept American time.
3210 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
3211 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
3212 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
3213 # History of the International Date Line
3214 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
3215 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
3216
3217 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
3218 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
3219 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
3220 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
3221 # but no details]
3222
3223 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
3224 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
3225 # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed
3226 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
3227 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
3228 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05
3229 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
3230
3231 # From Paul Goyette (2018-06-15):
3232 # In the Philippines, there is a national law, Republic Act No. 10535
3233 # which declares the official time here as "Philippine Standard Time".
3234 # The act [1] even specifies use of PST as the abbreviation, although
3235 # the FAQ provided by PAGASA [2] uses the "acronym PhST to distinguish
3236 # it from the Pacific Standard Time (PST)."
3237 # [1] http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10535/
3238 # [2] https://www1.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/astronomy/philippine-standard-time#republic-act-10535
3239 #
3240 # From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19):
3241 # I surveyed recent news reports, and my impression is that "PST" is
3242 # more popular among reliable English-language news sources. This is
3243 # not just a measure of Google hit counts: it's also the sizes and
3244 # influence of the sources. There is no current abbreviation for DST,
3245 # so use "PDT", the usual American style.
3246
3247 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3248 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D
3249 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 S
3250 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 D
3251 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
3252 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
3253 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
3254 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3255 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
3256 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
3257 8:00 Phil P%sT 1942 May
3258 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
3259 8:00 Phil P%sT
3260
3261 # Qatar
3262 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3263 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
3264 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun
3265 3:00 - +03
3266 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
3267
3268 # Saudi Arabia
3269 #
3270 # From Paul Eggert (2018-08-29):
3271 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
3272 # standardized until 1968 or so; we don't know exactly when, and possibly it
3273 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
3274 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
3275 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
3276 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
3277 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
3278 #
3279 # Timekeeping differed depending on who you were and which part of Saudi
3280 # Arabia you were in. In 1969, Elias Antar wrote that although a common
3281 # practice had been to set one's watch to 12:00 (i.e., midnight) at sunset -
3282 # which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from
3283 # the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm
3284 # instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they
3285 # used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line
3286 # Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western.
3287 # (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.) Antar writes,
3288 # "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power
3289 # station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he
3290 # assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he
3291 # shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is
3292 # going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did." See:
3293 # Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3.
3294 # http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm
3295 # Also see: Antar EN. Arabian flying is confusing.
3296 # Port Angeles (WA) Evening News. 1965-03-10. page 3.
3297 #
3298 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
3299 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
3300 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
3301 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
3302 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
3303 # earlier date.
3304 #
3305 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
3306 # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
3307 # the country. Presumably this is documenting airline time. Ignore this,
3308 # as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
3309 #
3310 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3311 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
3312 3:00 - +03
3313 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
3314 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
3315
3316 # Singapore
3317 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
3318 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
3319 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3320 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
3321 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
3322 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
3323 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
3324 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
3325 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
3326 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
3327 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
3328 8:00 - +08
3329
3330 # Spratly Is
3331 # no information
3332
3333 # Sri Lanka
3334
3335 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
3336 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
3337 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
3338 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
3339 # Shanks and Pottenger.
3340
3341 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
3342 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
3343 # (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24,
3344 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
3345 # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
3346 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
3347 #
3348 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
3349 # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
3350 # <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26):
3351 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
3352 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
3353
3354 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
3355 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
3356 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
3357 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
3358
3359 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
3360 # http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML
3361 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
3362 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
3363 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
3364 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
3365 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
3366 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
3367
3368 # From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19):
3369 # According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units,
3370 # Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka
3371 # standard time is SLST.
3372 #
3373 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18):
3374 # "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time
3375 # zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of
3376 # it in the International Business Times of India in February and
3377 # March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing
3378 # since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in
3379 # other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is
3380 # even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can
3381 # switch to "SLST" if it catches on.
3382
3383 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3384 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
3385 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
3386 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5
3387 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep
3388 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00
3389 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00
3390 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30
3391 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30
3392 5:30 - +0530
3393
3394 # Syria
3395 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3396 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
3397 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
3398 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
3399 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
3400 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
3401 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
3402 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
3403 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
3404 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
3405 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
3406 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
3407 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
3408 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
3409 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
3410 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
3411 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
3412 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
3413 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
3414 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
3415 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
3416 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
3417 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
3418 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
3419 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
3420 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3421 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
3422 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
3423 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
3424 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
3425 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
3426 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
3427 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
3428 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
3429 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
3430 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
3431 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3432 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
3433 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
3434 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
3435 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
3436 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
3437 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
3438 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
3439 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
3440 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
3441 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
3442 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
3443 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
3444 # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
3445 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
3446 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
3447 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
3448 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
3449 #
3450 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
3451 # Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
3452 #
3453 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
3454 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
3455 #
3456 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
3457 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
3458 #
3459 # which using Google's translate tools says:
3460 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
3461 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
3462 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
3463 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
3464
3465 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
3466 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
3467 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so....
3468 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
3469 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
3470 # Variation
3471 # Syrian Arab
3472 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
3473 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
3474 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
3475
3476 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
3477 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
3478 # Agency (SANA)...
3479 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
3480 # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
3481 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
3482 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
3483 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
3484 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
3485
3486 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
3487 # My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
3488 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
3489 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
3490 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
3491
3492 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
3493 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
3494 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
3495 #
3496 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
3497 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
3498 # clocks back 60 minutes).
3499 #
3500 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
3501
3502 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
3503 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
3504 # two examples:
3505 #
3506 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
3507 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
3508 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
3509 # (Arabic, gov-site)
3510 #
3511 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
3512 #
3513 # Our summary
3514 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
3515
3516 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
3517 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
3518 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
3519 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
3520 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
3521
3522 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
3523 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
3524 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
3525 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
3526
3527 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
3528 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
3529 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
3530 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
3531 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
3532
3533 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
3534 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
3535 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
3536 #
3537 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
3538 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
3539 #
3540 # Our brief summary:
3541 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
3542
3543 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
3544 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
3545
3546 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
3547 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
3548 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
3549 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
3550 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
3551 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
3552
3553 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3554 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
3555 2:00 Syria EE%sT
3556
3557 # Tajikistan
3558 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
3559 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3560 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
3561 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
3562 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3563 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
3564 5:00 - +05
3565
3566 # Thailand
3567 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3568 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
3569 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
3570 7:00 - +07
3571 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia
3572 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos
3573
3574 # Turkmenistan
3575 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
3576 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3577 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
3578 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
3579 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3580 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00
3581 5:00 - +05
3582
3583 # United Arab Emirates
3584 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3585 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
3586 4:00 - +04
3587 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman
3588
3589 # Uzbekistan
3590 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
3591 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3592 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
3593 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
3594 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
3595 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
3596 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
3597 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
3598 5:00 - +05
3599 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
3600 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
3601 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
3602 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3603 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
3604 5:00 - +05
3605
3606 # Vietnam
3607
3608 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
3609 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
3610 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
3611 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
3612 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
3613
3614 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
3615 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
3616 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
3617
3618 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
3619 # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
3620 # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
3621 # is quoted verbatim in:
3622 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
3623 # is translated by Brian Inglis in:
3624 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
3625 # and is the basis for the information below.
3626 #
3627 # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
3628 # Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104° 17' 17" east of Paris.
3629 # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
3630 # the Paris Meridian (2° 20' 14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
3631 # and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30,
3632 # which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
3633 # is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
3634 #
3635 # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954)
3636 # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
3637 # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
3638 # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
3639 # To 09:00 on 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
3640 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
3641 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
3642 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
3643 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
3644 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
3645 #
3646 # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
3647 #
3648 # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
3649 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
3650 #
3651 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
3652 # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
3653 #
3654 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
3655 # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
3656
3657 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3658 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
3659 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT
3660 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
3661 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
3662 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
3663 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1
3664 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1
3665 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00
3666 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13
3667 7:00 - +07
3668
3669 # From Paul Eggert (2019-02-19):
3670 #
3671 # The Ho Chi Minh entry suffices for most purposes as it agrees with all of
3672 # Vietnam since 1975-06-13. Presumably clocks often changed in south Vietnam
3673 # in the early 1970s as locations changed hands during the war; however the
3674 # details are unknown and would likely be too voluminous for this database.
3675 #
3676 # For timestamps in north Vietnam back to 1970 (the tzdb cutoff),
3677 # use Asia/Bangkok; see the VN entries in the file zone1970.tab.
3678 # For timestamps before 1970, see Asia/Hanoi in the file 'backzone'.
3679
3680
3681 # Yemen
3682 # See Asia/Riyadh.