292 293 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): 294 # Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is 295 # used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead 296 # of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630, 297 # a transition for which Shanks is the only source. 298 299 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 300 Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon 301 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time 302 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 303 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3 304 6:30 - +0630 305 306 # Cambodia 307 # See Asia/Bangkok. 308 309 310 # China 311 312 # From Paul Eggert (2018-10-02): 313 # The following comes from Table 1 of: 314 # Li Yu. Research on the daylight saving movement in 1940s Shanghai. 315 # Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences. 2014;(2):144-50. 316 # http://oversea.cnki.net/kns55/detail.aspx?dbname=CJFD2014&filename=NJSH201402020 317 # The table lists dates only; I am guessing 00:00 and 24:00 transition times. 318 # Also, the table lists the planned end of DST in 1949, but the corresponding 319 # zone line cuts this off on May 28, when the Communists took power. 320 # 321 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 322 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 323 Rule Shang 1940 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S 324 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 325 Rule Shang 1941 only - Nov 1 24:00 0 S 326 Rule Shang 1942 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 D 327 Rule Shang 1945 only - Sep 1 24:00 0 S 328 Rule Shang 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 329 Rule Shang 1946 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S 330 Rule Shang 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 331 Rule Shang 1947 only - Oct 31 24:00 0 S 332 Rule Shang 1948 1949 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 333 Rule Shang 1948 1949 - Sep 30 24:00 0 S #plan 334 335 # From Guy Harris: 336 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 337 338 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 339 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 578 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 579 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 580 # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 581 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 582 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before 583 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and 584 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 585 # +08 mandate back then. 586 587 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 588 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 589 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 590 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28 591 8:00 PRC C%sT 592 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi 593 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 594 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 595 6:00 - +06 596 597 598 # Hong Kong (Xianggang) 599 600 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 601 602 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 603 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 604 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 605 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 606 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 607 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 608 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 609 # obtained from 610 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 611 612 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 613 # According to Singaporean newspaper 614 # http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepresswk19041102-1.2.37 615 # the day that Hong Kong start using GMT+8 should be Oct 30, 1904. 616 # 617 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17): 618 # Hong Kong had a time ball near the Marine Police Station, Tsim Sha Tsui. 619 # "The ball was raised manually each day and dropped at exactly 1pm 620 # (except on Sundays and Government holidays)." 621 # Dyson AD. From Time Ball to Atomic Clock. Hong Kong Government. 1983. 622 # <https://www.hko.gov.hk/publica/gen_pub/timeball_atomic_clock.pdf> 623 # "From 1904 October 30 the time-ball at Hong Kong has been dropped by order 624 # of the Governor of the Colony at 17h 0m 0s G.M.T., which is 23m 18s.14 in 625 # advance of 1h 0m 0s of Hong Kong mean time." 626 # Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc. 627 # 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382 628 # 629 # From Joseph Myers (2018-11-18): 630 # An astronomer before 1925 referring to GMT would have been using the old 701 # https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2FH7zGe%2FKF%2BFLYsuqGhRBfe p.4 702 # The Kung Sheung Daily News 1946-04-21 (Chinese) 703 # https://i.imgur.com/7ecmRlcm.png 704 # https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2BQBGt1%2BwUj5qG2GqtwR3Wh p.4 705 # * According to the Summer Time Ordinance (1946), the fallback 706 # transitions between 1946 and 1952 were at 03:30 Standard Time (+08) 707 # http://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/bb74b06a74d5294620a15de560ab33c6.pdf 708 # * Some other laws and regulations related to DST from 1953 to 1979 709 # Summer Time Ordinance 1953 710 # https://i.imgur.com/IOlJMav.jpg 711 # Summer Time (Amendment) Ordinance 1965 712 # https://i.imgur.com/8rofeLa.jpg 713 # Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (1966) 714 # https://i.imgur.com/joy3msj.jpg 715 # Emergency (Summer Time) Regulation 1973 <https://i.imgur.com/OpRWrKz.jpg> 716 # Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance 1977 717 # https://i.imgur.com/RaNqnc4.jpg 718 # Resolution of the Legislative Council passed on 9 May 1979 719 # https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr78-79/english/lc_sitg/hansard/h790509.pdf#page=39 720 721 # From Paul Eggert (2019-05-31): 722 # Here are the dates given at 723 # https://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 724 # as of 2014-06-19: 725 # Year Period 726 # 1941 15 Jun to 30 Sep 727 # 1942 Whole year 728 # 1943 Whole year 729 # 1944 Whole year 730 # 1945 Whole year 731 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 732 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Nov 733 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 734 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 735 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 736 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 737 # 1952 6 Apr to 2 Nov 738 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 739 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 740 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 741 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 742 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 743 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 744 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 1834 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday 1835 # in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. 1836 1837 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1838 Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 1839 Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1840 1841 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1842 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 1843 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1844 2:00 Zion I%sT 1845 1846 1847 1848 ############################################################################### 1849 1850 # Japan 1851 1852 # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 1853 1854 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1855 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1856 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 1857 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 1858 1859 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: 1860 # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm 1861 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1862 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1863 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1864 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1865 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1866 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1867 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1868 # wanted to keep it.) 1869 1870 # From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19): 1871 # The source of information is Japanese law. 1872 # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm 1873 # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm 1882 # It cited a document issued by the Liaison Office which briefly existed 1883 # during the postwar period of Japan, where the detail on implementation 1884 # of the summer time is described in the document. 1885 # https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EFB2C6BBFEB9EFA4CEBCC2BBDCA4CBA4C4A4A4A4C6.pdf 1886 # The text in the document do instruct a fall back to occur at 1887 # September 11, 13pm in summer time, while ordinary citizens can 1888 # change the clock before they sleep. 1889 # 1890 # From Paul Eggert (2018-09-27): 1891 # This instruction is equivalent to "Sat>=8 25:00", so use that. zic treats 1892 # it like "Sun>=9 01:00", which is not quite the same but is the best we can 1893 # do in any POSIX or C platform. The "25:00" assumes zic from 2007 or later, 1894 # which should be safe now. 1895 1896 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1897 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 1898 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 25:00 0 S 1899 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 1900 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 1901 1902 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1903 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1904 # Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N. 1905 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1906 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1907 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1908 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1909 1910 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1911 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1912 # which stands for the time on 135° E. 1913 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1914 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1915 # time", which stands for the time on 120° E.... But "western standard 1916 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1917 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1918 # standard.... 1919 # 1920 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1921 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1922 1923 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 1924 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 1925 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 1926 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 1927 # 1928 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 1929 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 1930 # Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 1931 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 1932 1933 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1934 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1935 9:00 Japan J%sT 1936 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo, 1937 # except that Truk (Chuuk), Ponape (Pohnpei), and Jaluit (Kosrae) did not 1938 # switch from +10 to +09 until 1941-04-01; see the 'australasia' file. 1939 1940 # Jordan 1941 # 1942 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 1943 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1944 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1945 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1946 # all year round. 1947 # 1948 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 1949 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1950 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1951 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1952 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 3092 3093 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03): 3094 # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257 3095 # and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will 3096 # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected. 3097 # 3098 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03): 3099 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014 3100 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00. 3101 3102 # From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09): 3103 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728 3104 # [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight 3105 # saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning, 3106 # 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead." 3107 3108 # From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19): 3109 # [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on 3110 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf 3111 # states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00. 3112 # 3113 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19): 3114 # Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on. 3115 # This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring 3116 # predictions. 3117 # 3118 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19): 3119 # It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today: 3120 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza 3121 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron 3122 3123 # From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16): 3124 # Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 by advancing the 3125 # clock by 60 minutes as per Palestinian cabinet decision published on 3126 # the official website, though the decree did not specify the exact 3127 # time of the time shift. 3128 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817 3129 3130 # From Even Scharning (2019-03-23): 3131 # http://pnn.ps/news/401130 3132 # http://palweather.ps/ar/node/50136.html 3133 # 3134 # From Sharif Mustafa (2019-03-26): 3135 # The Palestinian cabinet announced today that the switch to DST will 3136 # be on Fri Mar 29th 2019 by advancing the clock by 60 minutes. 3137 # The decree signing date is Mar 12th but it was not published till today. 3138 # The decree does not specify the exact time of switch. 3139 # http://palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e54e9ea1-50ee-4137-84df-0d6c78da259b 3140 # 3141 # From Even Scharning (2019-04-10): 3142 # Our source in Palestine said it happened Friday 29 at 00:00 local time.... 3143 # 3144 # From Paul Eggert (2019-04-10): 3145 # For now, guess spring-ahead transitions are March's last Friday at 00:00. 3146 3147 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3148 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 3149 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3150 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3151 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 3152 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 3153 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 3154 3155 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 3156 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 3157 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 3158 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 3159 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3160 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 3161 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 3162 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3163 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 3164 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - 3165 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S | 292 293 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): 294 # Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is 295 # used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead 296 # of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630, 297 # a transition for which Shanks is the only source. 298 299 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 300 Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon 301 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time 302 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 303 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3 304 6:30 - +0630 305 306 # Cambodia 307 # See Asia/Bangkok. 308 309 310 # China 311 312 # From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): 313 # According to this news report: 314 # http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2004-09-01/19524201403.shtml 315 # on April 11, 1919, newspaper in Shanghai said clocks in Shanghai will spring 316 # forward for an hour starting from midnight of that Saturday. The report did 317 # not mention what happened in Shanghai thereafter, but it mentioned that a 318 # similar trial in Tianjin which ended at October 1st as citizens are told to 319 # recede the clock on September 30 from 12:00pm to 11:00pm. The trial at 320 # Tianjin got terminated in 1920. 321 # 322 # From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15): 323 # The Returns of Trade and Trade Reports, page 711, says "Daylight saving was 324 # given a trial during the year, and from the 12th April to the 1st October 325 # the clocks were all set one hour ahead of sun time. Though the scheme was 326 # generally esteemed a success, it was announced early in 1920 that it would 327 # not be repeated." 328 # 329 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 330 Rule Shang 1919 only - Apr 12 24:00 1:00 D 331 Rule Shang 1919 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S 332 333 # From Paul Eggert (2018-10-02): 334 # The following comes from Table 1 of: 335 # Li Yu. Research on the daylight saving movement in 1940s Shanghai. 336 # Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences. 2014;(2):144-50. 337 # http://oversea.cnki.net/kns55/detail.aspx?dbname=CJFD2014&filename=NJSH201402020 338 # The table lists dates only; I am guessing 00:00 and 24:00 transition times. 339 # Also, the table lists the planned end of DST in 1949, but the corresponding 340 # zone line cuts this off on May 28, when the Communists took power. 341 342 # From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): 343 # 344 # For the history of time in Shanghai between 1940-1942, the situation is 345 # actually slightly more complex than the table [below].... At the time, 346 # there were three different authorities in Shanghai, including Shanghai 347 # International Settlement, a settlement established by western countries with 348 # its own westernized form of government, Shanghai French Concession, similar 349 # to the international settlement but is controlled by French, and then the 350 # rest of the city of Shanghai, which have already been controlled by Japanese 351 # force through a puppet local government (Wang Jingwei regime). It was 352 # additionally complicated by the circumstances that, according to the 1940s 353 # Shanghai summer time essay cited in the database, some 354 # departments/businesses/people in the Shanghai city itself during that time 355 # period, refused to change their clock and instead only changed their opening 356 # hours. 357 # 358 # For example, as quoted in the article, in 1940, other than the authority 359 # itself, power, tram, bus companies, cinema, department stores, and other 360 # public service organizations have all decided to follow the summer time and 361 # spring forward the clock. On the other hand, the custom office refused to 362 # spring forward the clock because of worry on mechanical wear to the physical 363 # clock, postal office refused to spring forward because of disruption to 364 # business and log-keeping, although they did changed their office hour to 365 # match rest of the city. So is travel agents, and also weather 366 # observatory. It is said both time standards had their own supporters in the 367 # city at the time, those who prefer new time standard would have moved their 368 # clock while those who prefer the old time standard would keep their clock 369 # unchange, and there were different clocks that use different time standard 370 # in the city at the time for people who use different time standard to adjust 371 # their clock to their preferred time. 372 # 373 # a. For the 1940 May 31 spring forward, the essay claim that it was 374 # coordinared between the international settlement authority and the French 375 # concession authority and have gathered support from Hong Kong and Xiamen, 376 # that it would spring forward an hour from May 31 "midnight", and the essay 377 # claim "Hong Kong government implemented the spring forward in the same time 378 # on the same date as Shanghai". 379 # 380 # b. For the 1940 fall back, it was said that they initially intended to do 381 # so on September 30 00:59 at night, however they postponed it to October 12 382 # after discussion with relevant parties. However schools restored to the 383 # original schedule ten days earlier. 384 # 385 # c. For the 1941 spring forward, it is said to start from March 15 386 # "following the previous year's method", and in addition to that the essay 387 # cited an announcement in 1941 from the Wang regime which said the Special 388 # City of Shanghai under Wang regime control will follow the DST rule set by 389 # the Settlements, irrespective of the original DST plan announced by the Wang 390 # regime for other area under its control(April 1 to September 30). (no idea 391 # to situation before that announcement) 392 # 393 # d. For the 1941 fall back, it was said that the fall back would occurs at 394 # the end of September (A newspaper headline cited by the essay, published on 395 # October 1, 1941, have the headlines which said "French Concession would 396 # rewind to the old clock this morning), but it ultimately didn't happen due 397 # to disagreement between the international settlement authority and the 398 # French concession authority, and the fall back ultimately occurred on 399 # November 1. 400 # 401 # e. In 1941 December, Japan have officially started war with the United 402 # States and the United Kingdom, and in Shanghai they have marched into the 403 # international settlement, taken over its control 404 # 405 # f. For the 1942 spring forward, the essay said that the spring forward 406 # started on January 31. It said this time the custom office and postal 407 # department will also change their clocks, unlike before. 408 # 409 # g. The essay itself didn't cover any specific changes thereafter until the 410 # end of the war, it quoted a November 1942 command from the government of the 411 # Wang regime, which claim the daylight saving time applies year round during 412 # the war. However, the essay ambiguously said the period is "February 1 to 413 # September 30", which I don't really understand what is the meaning of such 414 # period in the context of year round implementation here.. More researches 415 # might be needed to show exactly what happened during that period of time. 416 417 # From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): 418 # According to a Japanese tour bus pamphlet in Nanjing area believed to be 419 # from around year 1941: http://www.tt-museum.jp/tairiku_0280_nan1941.html , 420 # the schedule listed was in the format of Japanese time. Which indicate some 421 # use of the Japanese time (instead of syncing by DST) might have occurred in 422 # the Yangtze river delta area during that period of time although the scope 423 # of such use will need to be investigated to determine. 424 # 425 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 426 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 427 Rule Shang 1940 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S 428 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 429 Rule Shang 1941 only - Nov 1 24:00 0 S 430 Rule Shang 1942 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 D 431 Rule Shang 1945 only - Sep 1 24:00 0 S 432 Rule Shang 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 433 Rule Shang 1946 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S 434 Rule Shang 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 435 Rule Shang 1947 only - Oct 31 24:00 0 S 436 Rule Shang 1948 1949 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 437 Rule Shang 1948 1949 - Sep 30 24:00 0 S #plan 438 439 # From Guy Harris: 440 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 441 442 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 443 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 682 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 683 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 684 # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 685 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 686 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before 687 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and 688 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 689 # +08 mandate back then. 690 691 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 692 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 693 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 694 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28 695 8:00 PRC C%sT 696 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi 697 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 698 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 699 6:00 - +06 700 701 702 # Hong Kong 703 704 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 705 706 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 707 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 708 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 709 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 710 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 711 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 712 # think 3:30 is correct. 713 714 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 715 # According to Singaporean newspaper 716 # http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepresswk19041102-1.2.37 717 # the day that Hong Kong start using GMT+8 should be Oct 30, 1904. 718 # 719 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17): 720 # Hong Kong had a time ball near the Marine Police Station, Tsim Sha Tsui. 721 # "The ball was raised manually each day and dropped at exactly 1pm 722 # (except on Sundays and Government holidays)." 723 # Dyson AD. From Time Ball to Atomic Clock. Hong Kong Government. 1983. 724 # <https://www.hko.gov.hk/publica/gen_pub/timeball_atomic_clock.pdf> 725 # "From 1904 October 30 the time-ball at Hong Kong has been dropped by order 726 # of the Governor of the Colony at 17h 0m 0s G.M.T., which is 23m 18s.14 in 727 # advance of 1h 0m 0s of Hong Kong mean time." 728 # Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc. 729 # 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382 730 # 731 # From Joseph Myers (2018-11-18): 732 # An astronomer before 1925 referring to GMT would have been using the old 803 # https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2FH7zGe%2FKF%2BFLYsuqGhRBfe p.4 804 # The Kung Sheung Daily News 1946-04-21 (Chinese) 805 # https://i.imgur.com/7ecmRlcm.png 806 # https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2BQBGt1%2BwUj5qG2GqtwR3Wh p.4 807 # * According to the Summer Time Ordinance (1946), the fallback 808 # transitions between 1946 and 1952 were at 03:30 Standard Time (+08) 809 # http://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/bb74b06a74d5294620a15de560ab33c6.pdf 810 # * Some other laws and regulations related to DST from 1953 to 1979 811 # Summer Time Ordinance 1953 812 # https://i.imgur.com/IOlJMav.jpg 813 # Summer Time (Amendment) Ordinance 1965 814 # https://i.imgur.com/8rofeLa.jpg 815 # Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (1966) 816 # https://i.imgur.com/joy3msj.jpg 817 # Emergency (Summer Time) Regulation 1973 <https://i.imgur.com/OpRWrKz.jpg> 818 # Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance 1977 819 # https://i.imgur.com/RaNqnc4.jpg 820 # Resolution of the Legislative Council passed on 9 May 1979 821 # https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr78-79/english/lc_sitg/hansard/h790509.pdf#page=39 822 823 # From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15): 824 # Here are the dates given at 825 # https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/Summertime.htm 826 # as of 2020-02-10: 827 # Year Period 828 # 1941 15 Jun to 30 Sep 829 # 1942 Whole year 830 # 1943 Whole year 831 # 1944 Whole year 832 # 1945 Whole year 833 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 834 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Nov 835 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 836 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 837 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 838 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 839 # 1952 6 Apr to 2 Nov 840 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 841 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 842 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 843 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 844 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 845 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 846 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 1936 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday 1937 # in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. 1938 1939 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1940 Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 1941 Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1942 1943 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1944 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 1945 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1946 2:00 Zion I%sT 1947 1948 1949 1950 ############################################################################### 1951 1952 # Japan 1953 1954 # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 1955 1956 # From Paul Eggert (2020-01-19): 1957 # Starting in the 7th century, Japan generally followed an ancient Chinese 1958 # timekeeping system that divided night and day into six hours each, 1959 # with hour length depending on season. In 1873 the government 1960 # started requiring the use of a Western style 24-hour clock. See: 1961 # Yulia Frumer, "Making Time: Astronomical Time Measurement in Tokugawa Japan" 1962 # <https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1043907065>. As the tzdb code and 1963 # data support only 24-hour clocks, its tables model timestamps before 1964 # 1873 using Western-style local mean time. 1965 1966 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1967 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1968 # Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N. 1969 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1970 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1971 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1972 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1973 1974 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1975 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1976 # which stands for the time on 135° E. 1977 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1978 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1979 # time", which stands for the time on 120° E.... But "western standard 1980 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1981 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1982 # standard.... 1983 # 1984 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1985 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1986 1987 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 1988 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 1989 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 1990 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 1991 # 1992 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 1993 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 1994 # Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 1995 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 1996 1997 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1998 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1999 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 2000 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 2001 2002 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: 2003 # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm 2004 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 2005 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 2006 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 2007 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 2008 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 2009 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 2010 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 2011 # wanted to keep it.) 2012 2013 # From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19): 2014 # The source of information is Japanese law. 2015 # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm 2016 # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm 2025 # It cited a document issued by the Liaison Office which briefly existed 2026 # during the postwar period of Japan, where the detail on implementation 2027 # of the summer time is described in the document. 2028 # https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EFB2C6BBFEB9EFA4CEBCC2BBDCA4CBA4C4A4A4A4C6.pdf 2029 # The text in the document do instruct a fall back to occur at 2030 # September 11, 13pm in summer time, while ordinary citizens can 2031 # change the clock before they sleep. 2032 # 2033 # From Paul Eggert (2018-09-27): 2034 # This instruction is equivalent to "Sat>=8 25:00", so use that. zic treats 2035 # it like "Sun>=9 01:00", which is not quite the same but is the best we can 2036 # do in any POSIX or C platform. The "25:00" assumes zic from 2007 or later, 2037 # which should be safe now. 2038 2039 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2040 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 2041 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 25:00 0 S 2042 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 2043 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 2044 2045 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2046 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 2047 9:00 Japan J%sT 2048 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo, 2049 # except that Truk (Chuuk), Ponape (Pohnpei), and Jaluit (Kosrae) did not 2050 # switch from +10 to +09 until 1941-04-01; see the 'australasia' file. 2051 2052 # Jordan 2053 # 2054 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 2055 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 2056 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 2057 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 2058 # all year round. 2059 # 2060 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 2061 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 2062 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 2063 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 2064 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 3204 3205 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03): 3206 # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257 3207 # and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will 3208 # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected. 3209 # 3210 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03): 3211 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014 3212 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00. 3213 3214 # From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09): 3215 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728 3216 # [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight 3217 # saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning, 3218 # 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead." 3219 3220 # From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19): 3221 # [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on 3222 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf 3223 # states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00. 3224 3225 # From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16): 3226 # Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 ... 3227 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817 3228 3229 # From Even Scharning (2019-03-23): 3230 # http://pnn.ps/news/401130 3231 # http://palweather.ps/ar/node/50136.html 3232 # 3233 # From Sharif Mustafa (2019-03-26): 3234 # The Palestinian cabinet announced today that the switch to DST will 3235 # be on Fri Mar 29th 2019 by advancing the clock by 60 minutes. 3236 # http://palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e54e9ea1-50ee-4137-84df-0d6c78da259b 3237 # 3238 # From Even Scharning (2019-04-10): 3239 # Our source in Palestine said it happened Friday 29 at 00:00 local time.... 3240 3241 # From Sharef Mustafa (2019-10-18): 3242 # Palestine summer time will end on midnight Oct 26th 2019 ... 3243 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/website/ar/ViewDetails?ID=43948 3244 # 3245 # From Paul Eggert (2019-04-10): 3246 # For now, guess spring-ahead transitions are March's last Friday at 00:00. 3247 # 3248 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19): 3249 # Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on. 3250 3251 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3252 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 3253 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3254 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3255 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 3256 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 3257 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 3258 3259 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 3260 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 3261 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 3262 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 3263 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3264 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 3265 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 3266 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3267 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 3268 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - 3269 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S |