1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # tzdb data for Europe and environs 25 26 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 27 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 28 29 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 30 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 31 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 32 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 33 34 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 35 # 36 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 37 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 38 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 39 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 40 # 41 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 42 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport 43 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 44 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 45 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 46 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 47 # 48 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 49 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 50 # 51 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 52 # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 53 # 54 # Other sources occasionally used include: 55 # 56 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 57 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 58 # which I found in the UCLA library. 59 # 60 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition 61 # <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf> 62 # [PDF] (1914-03) 63 # 64 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 65 # <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes: 66 # "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables 67 # may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, 68 # Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. 69 # 70 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 71 # This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see 72 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html 73 # The full Russian citation is: 74 # Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток 75 # введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го 76 # июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград: 77 # Десятая гос. тип., 1919. 78 # http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf 79 # 80 # Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO), 81 # History of Summer Time 82 # <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm> 83 # (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 84 # 85 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 86 # the rest are variants of the "xMT" pattern for a city's mean time, 87 # or are from other sources. Corrections are welcome! 88 # std dst 2dst 89 # LMT Local Mean Time 90 # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 91 # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 92 # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 93 # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 94 # 0:19:32.13 AMT* NST* Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937) 95 # 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971) 96 # 1:00 IST GMT Irish Standard (1968-) with winter DST 97 # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 98 # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899) 99 # 1:36:34 RMT* LST* Riga, Latvian Summer (1880-1926)* 100 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 101 # 3:00 MSK MSD MDST* Moscow 102 103 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), re EEC/EC/EU members: 104 # The original six: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 105 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 106 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 107 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 108 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 109 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 110 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 111 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 112 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 113 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 114 # ... 115 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 116 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 117 # ... 118 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 119 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 120 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 121 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 122 # in the Directive. 123 124 125 ############################################################################### 126 127 # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 128 129 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 130 # 131 # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 132 # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 133 # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 134 # of the text said: 135 # 136 # 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 137 # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 138 # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 139 # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 140 # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 141 # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 142 # along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 143 # 144 # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 145 # position is 51° 28' 30" N, 0° 18' 45" W. The longitude should 146 # be within about ±2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 147 # 148 # [This yields STDOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 149 150 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 151 # 152 # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 153 # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 154 # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 155 # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 156 # and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 157 # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 158 # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 159 # (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 160 # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 161 # adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 162 # The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 163 # and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 164 # railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 165 # clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 166 # on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 167 # one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 168 # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 169 # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 170 # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 171 # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 172 # 173 # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 174 # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 175 # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 176 177 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19): 178 # The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time 179 # informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year. 180 # Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the 181 # New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946), 182 # whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value 183 # after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research. 184 # In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society 185 # that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See: 186 # Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30°. 187 # Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734 188 # http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html 189 # Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal 190 # did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten. 191 # 192 # In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915), 193 # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 194 # who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907) 195 # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 196 # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 197 # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 198 # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 199 # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 200 # it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 201 # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 202 # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in 203 # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular 204 # subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 205 # designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial, 206 # which is permanently set to Summer Time. 207 208 # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 209 # It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 210 # summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 211 # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 212 # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 213 # foundations of civilization throughout the world. 214 # -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly; 215 # republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26 216 # https://www.winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-114/a-silent-toast-to-william-willett-by-winston-s-churchill 217 218 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08): 219 # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" 220 # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 221 # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 222 # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer". 223 # The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see: 224 # Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press 225 # ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8. 226 227 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 228 # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 229 # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 230 231 # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 232 # From: Jonathan Leffler 233 # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 234 # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 235 # politics making a fortune, not computing. 236 237 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): 238 # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 239 # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 240 # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 241 # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 242 243 # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 244 # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 245 # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 246 # agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 247 248 # From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): 249 # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 250 # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 251 # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 252 # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 253 # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. 254 # https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png 255 # https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png 256 257 # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 258 # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 259 # which is to be introduced in May.... 260 # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 261 # which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 262 263 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 264 # Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common 265 # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 266 # so we use 'BDST'. 267 268 # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 269 # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 270 # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 271 # and extending this list, which can be found in 272 # https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ 273 274 # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): 275 # 276 # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 277 # see Lord Tanlaw's speech 278 # https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0 279 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976). 280 281 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 282 # 283 # For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. 284 # 285 # Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger 286 # are incorrect: 287 # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 288 # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 289 # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 290 # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 291 # It actually just had one transition. 292 # * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 293 # Actually, it conformed to Britain. 294 # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 295 # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 296 # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 297 # 298 # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: 299 # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 300 # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 301 # conform with Great Britain. 302 # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 303 # 304 # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; 305 # we'll ignore it for now. 306 # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 307 308 # From Paul Eggert (2017-12-04): 309 # 310 # Dunsink Observatory (8 km NW of Dublin's center) was to Dublin as 311 # Greenwich was to London. For example: 312 # 313 # "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 314 # -- James Joyce, Ulysses 315 # 316 # The abbreviation DMT stood for "Dublin Mean Time" or "Dunsink Mean Time"; 317 # this being Ireland, opinions differed. 318 # 319 # Whitman says Dublin/Dunsink Mean Time was UT-00:25:21, which agrees 320 # with measurements of recent visitors to the Meridian Room of Dunsink 321 # Observatory; see Malone D. Dunsink and timekeeping. 2016-01-24. 322 # <https://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwmalone/time/dunsink.html>. Malone 323 # writes that the Nautical Almanac listed UT-00:25:22 until 1896, when 324 # it moved to UT-00:25:21.1 (I confirmed that the 1893 edition used 325 # the former and the 1896 edition used the latter). Evidently the 326 # news of this change propagated slowly, as Milne 1899 still lists 327 # UT-00:25:22 and cites the International Telegraph Bureau. As it is 328 # not clear that there was any practical significance to the change 329 # from UT-00:25:22 to UT-00:25:21.1 in civil timekeeping, omit this 330 # transition for now and just use the latter value, omitting its 331 # fraction since our format cannot represent fractions. 332 333 # "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time 334 # was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that 335 # would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed 336 # Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'." 337 # -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising. 338 # Irish Times 2014-10-27. 339 # https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411 340 341 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): 342 # Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>. 343 # These include various relating to legal time, for example: 344 # 345 # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html 346 # 347 # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html 348 # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html 349 # 350 # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html 351 # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html 352 # ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html 353 # 354 # ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html 355 # ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html 356 # ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html 357 # 358 # [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is 359 # <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] 360 # 361 # (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these 362 # should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 363 # the laws applicable in Ireland.) 364 # 365 # (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 366 # in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 367 # is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 368 # being GMT+1.) 369 370 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 371 # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 372 # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 373 # (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 374 # Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 375 # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 376 # and Frethun run in CT. 377 # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 378 # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 379 # and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 380 # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 381 # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 382 # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 383 384 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 385 # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 386 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC. 387 # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 388 # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 389 # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 390 # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 391 # 392 # From Paul Eggert (2017-12-07): 393 # The 1996 anonymous contributor's goal was to determine the correct 394 # abbreviation for summer time in Dublin and so the contributor 395 # focused on the "IST", not on the "Irish Summer Time". Though the 396 # "IST" was correct, the "Irish Summer Time" appears to have been an 397 # error, as Ireland's Standard Time (Amendment) Act, 1971 states that 398 # standard time in Ireland remains at UT +01 and is observed in 399 # summer, and that Greenwich mean time is observed in winter. (Thanks 400 # to Derick Rethans for pointing out the error.) That is, when 401 # Ireland amended the 1968 act that established UT +01 as Irish 402 # Standard Time, it left standard time unchanged and established GMT 403 # as a negative daylight saving time in winter. So, in this database 404 # IST stands for Irish Summer Time for timestamps before 1968, and for 405 # Irish Standard Time after that. See: 406 # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1971/act/17/enacted/en/print 407 408 # Michael Deckers (2017-06-01) gave the following URLs for Ireland's 409 # Summer Time Act, 1925 and Summer Time Orders, 1926 and 1947: 410 # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1925/act/8/enacted/en/print 411 # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1926/sro/919/made/en/print 412 # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1947/sro/71/made/en/print 413 414 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 415 # Summer Time Act, 1916 416 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 417 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 418 # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 419 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 420 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 421 # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 422 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 423 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 424 # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 425 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 426 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 427 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 428 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 429 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 430 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 431 # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 432 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 433 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 434 # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 435 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 436 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 437 # The Summer Time Act, 1922 438 Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 439 Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 440 Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 441 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 442 # The Summer Time Act, 1925 443 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 444 Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 445 Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 446 Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 447 Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 448 Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 449 Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 450 Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 451 Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 452 Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 453 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 454 # S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 455 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 456 # S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 457 Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 458 # S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 459 Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 460 Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 461 # S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 462 Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 463 # S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 464 Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 465 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 466 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 467 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 468 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 469 Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 470 Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 471 # The Summer Time Act, 1947 472 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 473 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 474 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 475 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 476 # Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 477 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 478 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 479 # Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 480 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 481 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 482 # Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 483 # Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 484 # Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 485 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 486 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 487 # revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 488 Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 489 Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 490 Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 491 Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 492 Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 493 Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 494 Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 495 # Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 496 # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 497 # Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 498 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 499 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 500 # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 501 # Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 502 # Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 503 Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 504 # Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 505 Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 506 # The British Standard Time Act, 1968 507 # (no summer time) 508 # The Summer Time Act, 1972 509 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 510 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 511 # Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 512 # Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 513 # Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 514 # Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 515 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 516 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 517 # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 518 # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 519 # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 520 Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 521 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 522 # See EU for rules starting in 1996. 523 # 524 # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. 525 526 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 527 Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 528 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 529 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 530 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 531 0:00 EU GMT/BST 532 Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey 533 Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey 534 Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man 535 536 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-15): 537 # In January 2018 we discovered that the negative SAVE values in the 538 # Eire rules cause problems with tests for ICU: 539 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025825.html 540 # and with tests for OpenJDK: 541 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025822.html 542 # 543 # To work around this problem, the build procedure can translate the 544 # following data into two forms, one with negative SAVE values and the 545 # other form with a traditional approximation for Irish timestamps 546 # after 1971-10-31 02:00 UTC; although this approximation has tm_isdst 547 # flags that are reversed, its UTC offsets are correct and this often 548 # suffices. This source file currently uses only nonnegative SAVE 549 # values, but this is intended to change and downstream code should 550 # not rely on it. 551 # 552 # The following is like GB-Eire and EU, except with standard time in 553 # summer and negative daylight saving time in winter. It is for when 554 # negative SAVE values are used. 555 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 556 Rule Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 2:00u -1:00 - 557 Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00u 0 - 558 Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00u -1:00 - 559 Rule Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 0 - 560 Rule Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u -1:00 - 561 Rule Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u -1:00 - 562 Rule Eire 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u -1:00 - 563 564 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 565 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 566 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00s 567 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 568 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 569 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00s 570 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00s 571 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00s 572 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00s 573 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00s 574 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 575 # The next line is for when negative SAVE values are used. 576 1:00 Eire IST/GMT 577 # These three lines are for when SAVE values are always nonnegative. 578 # 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 579 # 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 580 # 0:00 EU GMT/IST 581 582 583 ############################################################################### 584 585 # Europe 586 587 # The following rules are for the European Union and for its 588 # predecessor organization, the European Communities. 589 # For brevity they are called "EU rules" elsewhere in this file. 590 591 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 592 Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 593 Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 594 Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 595 Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 596 Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 597 Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 598 # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 599 # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 600 # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. 601 # http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT 602 603 # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 604 Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 605 Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 606 Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 607 Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 608 Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 609 Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 610 611 # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 612 # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 613 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 614 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 615 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 616 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 617 Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 618 Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 619 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 620 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 621 Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 622 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 623 Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 624 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13): 625 # 626 # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s 627 # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was 628 # corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the 629 # tz database itself, as seen below: 630 # 631 # Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 632 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 633 # 634 # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 635 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 636 # 637 # Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 638 # 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 639 # 640 # Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 641 # Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 642 # Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 643 # 644 # The rule line to be changed is: 645 # 646 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - 647 # 648 # It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on 649 # 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no 650 # countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items 651 # affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms 652 # CET and MET: 653 # 654 # Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 655 # Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 656 # 657 # It this is right then the corrected version would look like: 658 # 659 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 660 # 661 # A small step for mankind though 8-) 662 Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 663 Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 664 Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 665 Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 666 Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 667 Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 668 Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 669 670 # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 671 Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 672 Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 673 Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 674 Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 675 Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 676 Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 677 678 679 # Daylight saving time for Russia and the Soviet Union 680 # 681 # The 1917-1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (2016-08-23). 682 683 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 684 Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 685 # 686 # Decree No. 142 (1917-12-22) http://istmat.info/node/28137 687 Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 688 # 689 # Decree No. 497 (1918-05-30) http://istmat.info/node/30001 690 Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 691 Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 692 # 693 # Decree No. 258 (1919-05-29) http://istmat.info/node/37949 694 Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 695 # 696 Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 0:00u 1:00 MSD 697 Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK 698 # 699 # Decree No. 63 (1921-02-03) http://istmat.info/node/45840 700 Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD 701 # 702 # Decree No. 121 (1921-03-07) http://istmat.info/node/45949 703 Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 +05 704 # 705 Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD 706 Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 707 # Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 708 Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 709 Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 710 # Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 711 # Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 712 Rule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 713 Rule Russia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 714 # 715 Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 716 # As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data. 717 718 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 719 # Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of 720 # Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the 721 # Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227. 722 # 723 # I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have 724 # title at https://base.garant.ru/70754136/ : 725 # "About change in calculation of time on the territories of 726 # Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan, 727 # Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts". 728 # And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to 729 # contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules 730 # of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov 731 # oblasts. Since last Sunday of March 1989: 732 # a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast: 733 # second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1); 734 # b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt 735 # rules (Moscow time) 736 # c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1). 737 738 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): 739 # Unamended version of the act of the 740 # Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 from 08.01.1992 741 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0 742 # says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday 743 # of March at 2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September 744 # at 3 hours. It was amended in 1996 to replace September with October. 745 746 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14): 747 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev 748 # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011. 749 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. 750 # 751 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): 752 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 753 # 754 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): 755 # https://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html 756 757 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 758 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered 759 # to be standard. 760 761 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 762 763 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 764 Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 765 Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 766 Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 767 Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 768 769 # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 770 # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 771 772 # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): 773 # The official German names ... are 774 # 775 # Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 776 # Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 777 # 778 # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 779 # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 780 # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 781 # 782 # Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 783 # Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 784 # Postfach 3345 785 # D-38023 Braunschweig 786 # phone: +49 531 592-0 787 # 788 # ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 789 # department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 790 # PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 791 # 792 # Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 793 # Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 794 795 796 # Albania 797 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 798 Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 799 Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 800 Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 801 Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 802 Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 803 Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 804 Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 805 Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 806 Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 807 Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 808 Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 809 Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 810 Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 811 Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 812 Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 813 Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 814 Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 815 Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 816 Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 817 Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 818 Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 819 Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 820 Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 821 Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 822 Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 823 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 824 Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 825 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 826 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 827 1:00 EU CE%sT 828 829 # Andorra 830 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 831 Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 832 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 833 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 834 1:00 EU CE%sT 835 836 # Austria 837 838 # Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21. 839 840 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and 841 # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 842 # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 843 # date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 844 # Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, 845 # and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. 846 847 # From Alois Triendl (2019-07-22): 848 # In 1946 the end of DST was on Monday, 7 October 1946, at 3:00 am. 849 # Shanks had this right. Source: Die Weltpresse, 5. Oktober 1946, page 5. 850 851 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 852 Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 853 Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 854 Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 855 Rule Austria 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 856 Rule Austria 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 857 Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 858 Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 859 Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 860 Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 861 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 862 Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr 863 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 864 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 865 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 866 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 867 1:00 - CET 1946 868 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 869 1:00 EU CE%sT 870 871 # Belarus 872 # 873 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-02): 874 # http://www.lawbelarus.com/repub/sub30/texf9611.htm 875 # (Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus from 876 # 1992-03-25 No. 157) ... says clocks were to be moved forward at 2:00 877 # on last Sunday of March and backward at 3:00 on last Sunday of September 878 # (the same as previous USSR and contemporary Russian regulations). 879 # 880 # From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16): 881 # By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to 882 # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). 883 # 884 # Sources (Russian language): 885 # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html 886 # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ 887 # https://news.tut.by/society/250578.html 888 # 889 # From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09): 890 # Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time.... 891 # http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html 892 # 893 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 894 Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 895 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 896 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 897 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 898 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 899 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 900 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 901 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 902 3:00 - +03 903 904 # Belgium 905 # 906 # From Michael Deckers (2019-08-25): 907 # The exposition in the web page 908 # https://www.bestor.be/wiki/index.php/Voyager_dans_le_temps._L%E2%80%99introduction_de_la_norme_de_Greenwich_en_Belgique 909 # gives several contemporary sources from which one can conclude that 910 # the switch in Europe/Brussels on 1892-05-01 was from 00:17:30 to 00:00:00. 911 # 912 # From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): 913 # This quote helps explain the late-1914 situation: 914 # In early November 1914, the Germans imposed the time zone used in central 915 # Europe and forced the inhabitants to set their watches and public clocks 916 # sixty minutes ahead. Many were reluctant to accept "German time" and 917 # continued to use "Belgian time" among themselves. Reflecting the spirit of 918 # resistance that arose in the population, a song made fun of this change.... 919 # The song ended: 920 # Putting your clock forward 921 # Will but hasten the happy hour 922 # When we kick out the Boches! 923 # See: Pluvinage G. Brussels on German time. Cahiers Bruxellois - 924 # Brusselse Cahiers. 2014;XLVI(1E):15-38. 925 # https://www.cairn.info/revue-cahiers-bruxellois-2014-1E-page-15.htm 926 # 927 # Entries from 1914 through 1917 are taken from "De tijd in België" 928 # <https://www.astro.oma.be/GENERAL/INFO/nli001a.html>. 929 # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 930 # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 931 # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991 932 # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 933 # pp 8-9. 934 # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for the 1918/1991 references. 935 # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 936 # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 937 # 938 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 939 Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 940 Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 941 Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 942 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 943 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 944 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 945 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 946 Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 947 Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 948 Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 949 Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 950 Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 951 # DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 952 # Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 953 # to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 954 # changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 955 Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 956 Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 957 Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 958 Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 959 Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 960 Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 961 Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 962 Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 963 Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 964 Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 965 Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 966 Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 967 Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 968 Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 969 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 970 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 971 Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 972 Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 973 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 974 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 975 Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 976 Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 977 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 978 Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 979 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 00:17:30 980 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 981 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 982 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 983 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 984 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 985 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 986 1:00 EU CE%sT 987 988 # Bosnia and Herzegovina 989 # See Europe/Belgrade. 990 991 # Bulgaria 992 # 993 # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 994 # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says: 995 # EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 996 # EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 997 # 998 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 999 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 1000 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1001 Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S 1002 Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 1003 Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 1004 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1005 Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 1006 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 1007 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 1008 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1009 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 1010 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 1011 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 3:00 1012 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 1013 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1014 2:00 EU EE%sT 1015 1016 # Croatia 1017 # See Europe/Belgrade. 1018 1019 # Cyprus 1020 # Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. 1021 1022 # Czech Republic / Czechia 1023 # 1024 # From Paul Eggert (2018-04-15): 1025 # The source for Czech data is: Kdy začíná a končí letní čas. 2018-04-15. 1026 # https://kalendar.beda.cz/kdy-zacina-a-konci-letni-cas 1027 # We know of no English-language name for historical Czech winter time; 1028 # abbreviate it as "GMT", as it happened to be GMT. 1029 # 1030 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1031 Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1032 Rule Czech 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1033 Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 1034 Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1035 Rule Czech 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1036 Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 1037 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1038 Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 1039 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 1040 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 9 1041 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1946 Dec 1 3:00 1042 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1043 1:00 -1:00 GMT 1947 Feb 23 2:00 1044 # Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST. 1045 # 0:00 - GMT 1947 Feb 23 2:00 1046 # End of rearguard section. 1047 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 1048 1:00 EU CE%sT 1049 # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia. 1050 1051 # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland 1052 1053 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 1054 # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law 1055 # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 1056 # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL 1057 # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 1058 # 1059 # The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973: 1060 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL 1061 # 1062 # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 1063 # in subsequent decrees with the law 1064 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL 1065 # 1066 # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 1067 # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 1068 # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 1069 # 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 1070 # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 1071 # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 1072 # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 1073 # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 1074 # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 1075 # was suspended on that night): 1076 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL 1077 1078 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 1079 # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 1080 # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 1081 1082 # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 1083 # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 1084 # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 1085 1086 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1087 Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1088 Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 1089 Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 1090 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1091 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 1092 Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 1093 Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 1094 Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 1095 Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 1096 Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 1097 Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 1098 # 1099 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1100 Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 1101 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 1102 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1103 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1104 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 1105 1:00 EU CE%sT 1106 Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn 1107 0:00 - WET 1981 1108 0:00 EU WE%sT 1109 # 1110 # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): 1111 # During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in 1112 # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. 1113 # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. 1114 # 1115 # From Paul Eggert (2017-12-10): 1116 # Greenland joined the European Communities as part of Denmark, 1117 # obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, and left the European Communities 1118 # on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 1119 # rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb 1120 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 1121 # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 1122 1123 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing 1124 # <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 1125 # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: 1126 # 1127 # Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 1128 # is according to the following time line: 1129 # 1130 # The military zone near Thule UTC-4 1131 # Standard Greenland time UTC-3 1132 # Scoresbysund UTC-1 1133 # Danmarkshavn UTC 1134 # 1135 # In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 1136 # introduced. 1137 1138 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): 1139 # 1140 # I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 1141 # the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 1142 # not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 1143 # info from earlier correspondence.] 1144 # 1145 # According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 1146 # Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 1147 # savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... 1148 # 1149 # The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund 1150 # uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. 1151 # There are just a few stations on this coast, including the 1152 # Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th 1153 # email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in 1154 # Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the 1155 # DPC research station at Zackenberg. 1156 # 1157 # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use 1158 # the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb). 1159 # 1160 # The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it 1161 # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time 1162 # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. 1163 # 1164 # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and 1165 # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators 1166 # maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of 1167 # this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be 1168 # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. 1169 1170 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): 1171 # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place 1172 # there at 2:00 AM. 1173 1174 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1175 # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; 1176 # the 1995 map as like Godthåb. 1177 # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996. 1178 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, 1179 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. 1180 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. 1181 1182 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 1183 # "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named 1184 # "National Park" by Executive Order: 1185 # http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf 1186 # It is their only National Park. 1187 # 1188 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1189 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1190 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 1191 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1192 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1193 Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1194 Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 1195 # 1196 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1197 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 1198 -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1199 -3:00 EU -03/-02 1996 1200 0:00 - GMT 1201 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 1202 -2:00 - -02 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1203 -2:00 C-Eur -02/-01 1981 Mar 29 1204 -1:00 EU -01/+00 1205 Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 1206 -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1207 -3:00 EU -03/-02 1208 Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 1209 -4:00 Thule A%sT 1210 1211 # Estonia 1212 # 1213 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1214 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 1215 # 1216 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 1217 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 1218 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 1219 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 1220 # 1221 # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 1222 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 1223 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 1224 # "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 1225 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 1226 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 1227 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 1228 # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 1229 # summer time next spring." 1230 1231 # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 1232 # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 1233 # http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390 1234 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 1235 # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120). 1236 # 1237 # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 1238 # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 1239 # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 1240 1241 # From The Baltic Times <https://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09) 1242 # via Steffen Thorsen: 1243 # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 1244 # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 1245 # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 1246 # Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 1247 # for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 1248 # after that. 1249 1250 # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 1251 # Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 1252 # No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 1253 # the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 1254 1255 # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): 1256 # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. 1257 # Now we are using again EU rules. 1258 # 1259 # From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28): 1260 # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. 1261 1262 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1263 Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1264 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1265 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1266 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 1267 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 1268 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1269 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 1270 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1271 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 1272 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 1273 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Oct 31 4:00 1274 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 1275 2:00 EU EE%sT 1276 1277 # Finland 1278 1279 # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 1280 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1281 # and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1282 1283 # From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15): 1284 # 1285 # I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. 1286 # During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour 1287 # earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made 1288 # according to the central European standards. 1289 # 1290 # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac 1291 # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in 1292 # Finnish) at 1293 # https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf 1294 # 1295 # Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings 1296 # transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. 1297 # 1298 # This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: 1299 # http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 1300 # 1301 # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not 1302 # exist tonight." 1303 1304 # From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13): 1305 # [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013] 1306 # https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf 1307 # pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942 1308 # say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942, 1309 # 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper 1310 # mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday".... 1311 # On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards. 1312 # 1313 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14): 1314 # Go with Oja over Shanks. 1315 1316 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1317 Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S 1318 Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 - 1319 Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1320 Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1321 1322 # Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document); 1323 # round to nearest. 1324 1325 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1326 Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31 1327 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1328 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 1329 2:00 EU EE%sT 1330 1331 # Åland Is 1332 Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn 1333 1334 1335 # France 1336 1337 # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 1338 # 1339 # Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions 1340 # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 1341 # 1342 # Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel, 1343 # Paris, 1991 1344 # 1345 # Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie, 1346 # Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987 1347 1348 1349 # 1350 # Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. 1351 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1352 Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1353 Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 1354 Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1355 Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1356 Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1357 Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1358 Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 1359 Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1360 Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 1361 Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1362 # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 1363 # Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 1364 # were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1365 Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1366 Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1367 Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1368 Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 1369 Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1370 Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1371 Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1372 Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1373 Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 1374 Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1375 Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1376 Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1377 Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1378 Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1379 Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1380 Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1381 Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1382 Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1383 Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1384 Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1385 # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger 1386 # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 1387 # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez, 1388 # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La 1389 # Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, 1390 # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 1391 # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois, 1392 # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). 1393 Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1394 # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 1395 # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), 1396 # who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 1397 # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 1398 Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 1399 Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 1400 Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 1401 Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 1402 Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 1403 Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 1404 Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 1405 Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 1406 Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1407 # Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 1408 # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 1409 Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 1410 Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 1411 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, 1412 # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 1413 # Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 1414 # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 1415 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1416 Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 1417 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT 1418 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 1419 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 1420 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 1421 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1422 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 1423 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1424 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1425 1:00 EU CE%sT 1426 1427 # Germany 1428 1429 # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): 1430 # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 1431 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 1432 # [See tz-link.html for the URL.] 1433 1434 # From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1435 # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by 1436 # https://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/ 1437 # General [Nikolai] Bersarin. 1438 1439 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 1440 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf 1441 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 1442 # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1443 # this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04. 1444 1445 1446 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1447 Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 1448 Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1449 Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1450 # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition 1451 # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. 1452 # Go with the PTB. 1453 Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S 1454 Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 1455 Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 1456 Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1457 Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1458 1459 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1460 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S 1461 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1462 1463 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1464 Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1465 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1466 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 1467 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 1468 1:00 EU CE%sT 1469 1470 # From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): 1471 # Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton 1472 # Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE 1473 # (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. 1474 # DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, 1475 # which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. 1476 # 1477 # Source for the time in Büsingen 1980: 1478 # http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 1479 1480 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): 1481 # Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. 1482 1483 Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen 1484 1485 # Georgia 1486 # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. 1487 # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) 1488 # is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. 1489 1490 # Gibraltar 1491 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1492 Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s 1493 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 1494 1:00 - CET 1982 1495 1:00 EU CE%sT 1496 1497 # Greece 1498 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1499 # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1500 Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 1501 Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1502 # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1503 Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 1504 # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1505 Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1506 Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 1507 Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1508 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1509 Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1510 Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 1511 Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 1512 Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 1513 Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 1514 Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 1515 Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1516 Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 1517 Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 1518 Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 1519 Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1520 Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1521 Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1522 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1523 Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 1524 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 1525 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1526 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 1527 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1528 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; 1529 # go with EU rules instead, since Greece joined Jan 1. 1530 2:00 EU EE%sT 1531 1532 # Hungary 1533 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 1534 # Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from: 1535 # Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945. 1536 # National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29). 1537 # http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html 1538 # This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks 1539 # & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates). 1540 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1541 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 1542 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1543 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 1544 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 - 1545 Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 1546 Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1547 Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 1548 Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1549 Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 1550 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1551 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 1552 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 1553 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1554 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1555 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1556 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 1557 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1558 Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 1559 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1560 Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 1561 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1562 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8 1563 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1564 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1565 1:00 EU CE%sT 1566 1567 # Iceland 1568 # 1569 # From Adam David (1993-11-06): 1570 # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1571 # 1572 # (1993-12-05): 1573 # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1574 # Iceland Almanak. 1575 # 1576 # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1577 # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 1578 # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 1579 # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 1580 # 1581 # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 1582 # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 1583 # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 1584 # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 1585 # 1586 # (1993-12-10): 1587 # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 1588 # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1589 # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1590 # the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1591 # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1592 # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1593 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 1594 # might mean something else (???). 1595 # 1596 # From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22): 1597 # The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see 1598 # http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html 1599 # 1600 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1601 Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 - 1602 Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1603 Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1604 Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 - 1605 Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 - 1606 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 - 1607 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 - 1608 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 - 1609 Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 - 1610 Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 - 1611 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 1612 Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 - 1613 Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1614 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 1615 Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 - 1616 # 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week 1617 Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 1618 Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1619 Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 1620 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1621 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908 1622 -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1623 0:00 - GMT 1624 1625 # Italy 1626 # 1627 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 1628 # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 1629 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). 1630 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 1631 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 1632 # so record only the time in Rome. 1633 # 1634 # From Stephen Trainor (2019-05-06): 1635 # http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale/ORA_LEGALE_ESTIVA_IN_ITALIA.htm 1636 # ... the [1866] law went into effect on 12 December 1866, rather than 1637 # the date of the decree (22 Sep 1866) 1638 # https://web.archive.org/web/20070824155341/http://www.iav.it/planetario/didastro/didastro/english.htm 1639 # ... "In Italy in 1866 there were 6 railway times (Torino, Verona, Firenze, 1640 # Roma, Napoli, Palermo). On that year it was decided to unify them, adopting 1641 # the average time of Rome (even if this city was not yet part of the 1642 # kingdom). On the 12th December 1866, on the starting of the winter time 1643 # table, it took effect in the railways, the post office and the telegraph, 1644 # not only for the internal service but also for the public.... Milano set 1645 # the public watches on the Rome time on the same day (12th December 1866), 1646 # Torino and Bologna on the 1st January 1867, Venezia the 1st May 1880 and the 1647 # last city was Cagliari in 1886." 1648 # 1649 # From Luigi Rosa (2019-05-07): 1650 # this is the scan of the decree: 1651 # http://www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/filopanti/1866c.jpg 1652 # 1653 # From Michael Deckers (2016-10-24): 1654 # http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10 1655 # ... [translated as] "The preceding dispositions will enter into 1656 # force at the instant at which, according to the time specified in 1657 # the 1st article, the 1st of November 1893 will begin...." 1658 # 1659 # From Pierpaolo Bernardi (2016-10-20): 1660 # The authoritative source for time in Italy is the national metrological 1661 # institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at 1662 # http://www.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml 1663 # [now at http://oldsite.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml as of 2017] 1664 # (2016-10-24): 1665 # http://www.renzobaldini.it/le-ore-legali-in-italia/ 1666 # has still different data for 1944. It divides Italy in two, as 1667 # there were effectively two governments at the time, north of Gothic 1668 # Line German controlled territory, official government RSI, and south 1669 # of the Gothic Line, controlled by allied armies. 1670 # 1671 # From Brian Inglis (2016-10-23): 1672 # Viceregal LEGISLATIVE DECREE. 14 September 1944, no. 219. 1673 # Restoration of Standard Time. (044U0219) (OJ 62 of 30.9.1944) ... 1674 # Given the R. law decreed on 1944-03-29, no. 92, by which standard time is 1675 # advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ... 1676 # Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed. 1677 # 1678 # From Alois Triendl (2019-07-02): 1679 # I spent 6 Euros to buy two archive copies of Il Messaggero, a Roman paper, 1680 # for 1 and 2 April 1944. The edition of 2 April has this note: "Tonight at 2 1681 # am, put forward the clock by one hour. Remember that in the night between 1682 # today and Monday the 'ora legale' will come in force again." That makes it 1683 # clear that in Rome the change was on Monday, 3 April 1944 at 2 am. 1684 # 1685 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27): 1686 # Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944 1687 # for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini. 1688 # Model Rome's occupation by using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10 1689 # to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it 1690 # was effectively controlled by Germany. 1691 # 1692 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1693 Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 24:00 1:00 S 1694 Rule Italy 1916 1917 - Sep 30 24:00 0 - 1695 Rule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 24:00 1:00 S 1696 Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 24:00 1:00 S 1697 Rule Italy 1918 only - Oct 6 24:00 0 - 1698 Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 1 24:00 1:00 S 1699 Rule Italy 1919 only - Oct 4 24:00 0 - 1700 Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 S 1701 Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 - 1702 Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S 1703 Rule Italy 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 1704 Rule Italy 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1705 Rule Italy 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 1706 Rule Italy 1944 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1707 Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 1708 Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 1709 Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 1:00 0 - 1710 Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1711 Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 1712 Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 1713 Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1714 Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1715 Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1716 Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1717 Rule Italy 1966 only - Sep 24 24:00 0 - 1718 Rule Italy 1967 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00s 0 - 1719 Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1720 Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1721 Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1722 Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1723 Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1724 Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1725 Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 1726 Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1727 Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1728 Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1729 Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1730 Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1731 Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1732 Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1733 Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1734 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1735 Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Dec 12 1736 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Oct 31 23:49:56 # Rome Mean 1737 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1943 Sep 10 1738 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jun 4 1739 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1740 1:00 EU CE%sT 1741 1742 Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1743 Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1744 1745 # Latvia 1746 1747 # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): 1748 1749 # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 1750 # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 1751 # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 1752 # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 1753 # 1754 # Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 1755 # according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 1756 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1757 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 1758 # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 1759 # 1760 # Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 1761 # according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 1762 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1763 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1764 # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 1765 # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 1766 # 1767 # Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 1768 # according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 1769 # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 1770 # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 1771 # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 1772 # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1773 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 1774 # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 1775 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 1776 # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 1777 # 1778 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 1779 # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 1780 # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 1781 1782 # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 1783 # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 1784 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 1785 # 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>, 1786 # in Latvian for subscribers only). 1787 1788 # From RFE/RL Newsline 1789 # http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html 1790 # (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 1791 # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 1792 # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 1793 # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 1794 # clocks one hour in the spring.... 1795 # Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few 1796 # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 1797 # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 1798 # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 1799 # urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 1800 # appears that they will not do so.... 1801 1802 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1803 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1804 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1805 1806 # Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time). 1807 # Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34. 1808 # Go with Byalokoz. 1809 1810 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1811 Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880 1812 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT 1813 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST 1814 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1815 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1816 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11 1817 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1818 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1819 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 1820 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1821 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1822 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1823 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1824 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 1825 2:00 EU EE%sT 1826 1827 # Liechtenstein 1828 1829 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09): 1830 # Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich. 1831 1832 # From Alois Treindl (2019-07-04): 1833 # I was able to access the online archive of the Vaduz paper Vaterland ... 1834 # I could confirm from the paper that Liechtenstein did in fact follow 1835 # the same DST in 1941 and 1942 as Switzerland did. 1836 1837 Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz 1838 1839 1840 # Lithuania 1841 1842 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1843 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 1844 1845 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1846 # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1847 # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1848 1849 # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 1850 # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1851 # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1852 1853 # From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>, 1854 # via Steffen Thorsen: 1855 # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 1856 # to be valid here starting from October 31, 1857 # as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 1858 # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 1859 # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 1860 # already done by Estonia. 1861 1862 # From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 1863 # <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27): 1864 # Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 1865 1866 # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 1867 # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 1868 # observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 1869 # down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 1870 # neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 1871 # 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 1872 # http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 1873 1874 1875 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1876 Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1877 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1878 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1879 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 1880 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1881 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1882 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1883 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1884 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1885 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1886 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 1887 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1888 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 1889 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 1890 2:00 EU EE%sT 1891 1892 # Luxembourg 1893 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; 1894 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1895 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1896 Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1897 Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1898 Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1899 Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1900 Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1901 Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 1902 Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 1903 Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 1904 Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 1905 Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 1906 Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 1907 Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 1908 Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 1909 Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1910 Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 1911 Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 1912 Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 1913 Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1914 Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1915 Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 1916 Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 1917 Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 1918 Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 1919 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1920 Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1921 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1922 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1923 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1924 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1925 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1926 1:00 EU CE%sT 1927 1928 # North Macedonia 1929 # See Europe/Belgrade. 1930 1931 # Malta 1932 # 1933 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-21): 1934 # Assume 1900-1972 was like Rome, overriding Shanks. 1935 # 1936 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1937 Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1938 Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1939 Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1940 Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1941 Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1942 Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1943 Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1944 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1945 Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta 1946 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1947 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1948 1:00 EU CE%sT 1949 1950 # Moldova 1951 1952 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 1953 # the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04 1954 # http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2 1955 # ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR 1956 # time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt 1957 # plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be 1958 # adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer" 1959 # time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and 1960 # reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00. 1961 1962 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1963 # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write 1964 # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 1965 # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 1966 # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 1967 # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 1968 # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 1969 # But [two people] separately reported via 1970 # Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 1971 # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1972 # 1973 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): 1974 # Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as 1975 # "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition 1976 # to the Winter Time). 1977 # 1978 # News (in Russian): 1979 # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html 1980 # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html 1981 # 1982 # The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) 1983 # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) 1984 # 1985 # From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19) 1986 # In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol 1987 # a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32. 1988 # 1989 # (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed) 1990 # 1991 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26) 1992 # NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point. 1993 # As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own 1994 # decision to abolish DST this winter. 1995 # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- 1996 # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. 1997 # News from Moldova (in russian): 1998 # https://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html 1999 2000 # From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02): 2001 # http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077 2002 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01): 2003 # The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that 2004 # 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also, 2005 # https://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara 2006 # says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time. 2007 # Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU. 2008 2009 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2010 Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 2011 Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 2012 2013 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2014 Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 2015 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 2016 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2017 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 2018 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 2019 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 2020 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 May 6 2:00 2021 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 2022 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 2023 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 2024 2:00 Moldova EE%sT 2025 2026 # Monaco 2027 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 2028 # more precise 0:09:21. 2029 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2030 Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 2031 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 2032 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 2033 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 2034 1:00 EU CE%sT 2035 2036 # Montenegro 2037 # See Europe/Belgrade. 2038 2039 # Netherlands 2040 2041 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 2042 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 2043 2044 # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 2045 # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 2046 # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 2047 # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 2048 # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 2049 # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 2050 # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 2051 # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 2052 # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 2053 # 2054 # (2001-04-08): 2055 # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 2056 # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 2057 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 2058 # 2059 # (2001-04-09): 2060 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 2061 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 2062 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 2063 # actually followed. 2064 # 2065 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 2066 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 2067 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 2068 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 2069 # adopted Amsterdam mean time. 2070 # 2071 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 2072 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 2073 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 2074 # Amsterdam mean time. 2075 2076 # The data entries before 1945 are taken from 2077 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm 2078 2079 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2080 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 2081 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 2082 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 2083 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 2084 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 2085 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT 2086 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 2087 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 2088 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 2089 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 2090 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 2091 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 2092 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. 2093 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 2094 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 2095 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 2096 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 2097 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 2098 Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 2099 Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 2100 Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 2101 Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 2102 # 2103 # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13, but the .13 is omitted 2104 # below because the current format requires STDOFF to be an integer. 2105 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2106 Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 2107 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 2108 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00 2109 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 2110 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 2111 1:00 EU CE%sT 2112 2113 # Norway 2114 # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & 2115 # Pottenger. 2116 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2117 Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 2118 Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2119 Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 2120 Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 2121 Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 2122 Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 2123 Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 2124 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2125 Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 2126 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 2127 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 2128 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 2129 1:00 EU CE%sT 2130 2131 # Svalbard & Jan Mayen 2132 2133 # From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 2134 # Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 2135 # Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 2136 # time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 2137 # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 2138 # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 2139 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and 2140 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation 2141 # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 2142 # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 2143 # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 2144 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been 2145 # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 2146 # before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by 2147 # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 2148 # since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 2149 # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 2150 # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 2151 2152 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04): 2153 # 2154 # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 2155 # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 2156 # keeping Berlin time. 2157 # 2158 # <https://www.jan-mayen.no/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 2159 # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 2160 # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 2161 # frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 2162 # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 2163 # the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 2164 # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 2165 # 2166 # Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 2167 # Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 2168 # <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 2169 # <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 2170 # expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 2171 # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 2172 # http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html 2173 # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 2174 # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 2175 # 2176 # All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo 2177 # for these regions. 2178 Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 2179 2180 # Poland 2181 2182 # The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20), 2183 # <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2. 2184 2185 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2186 Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 2187 Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 2188 Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 2189 # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2190 Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2191 # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2192 Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 2193 Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2194 # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, 2195 # Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., 2196 # https://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1 2197 # Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. 2198 # He also gives these further references: 2199 # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> 2200 # Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> 2201 Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S 2202 Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 2203 Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 2204 Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2205 Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 2206 Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 2207 Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 2208 Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2209 Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 2210 Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 2211 Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 2212 Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 2213 Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2214 Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2215 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2216 Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 2217 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 2218 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 2219 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 2220 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 2221 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 2222 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 2223 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 2224 1:00 EU CE%sT 2225 2226 # Portugal 2227 2228 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: 2229 # According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) 2230 # https://dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 2231 # Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00. 2232 # Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett.... 2233 # 2234 # From Michael Deckers (2018-02-15): 2235 # article 5 [of the 1911 decree; Deckers's translation] ...: 2236 # These dispositions shall enter into force at the instant at which, 2237 # according to the 2nd article, the civil day January 1, 1912 begins, 2238 # all clocks therefore having to be advanced or set back correspondingly ... 2239 2240 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): 2241 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 2242 # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 2243 # 2244 # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 2245 # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 2246 # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 2247 # 2248 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 2249 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 2250 # at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 2251 # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 2252 # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 2253 # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 2254 # harmonized with EU rules), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 2255 # 2256 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2257 # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 2258 # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 2259 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2260 Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 2261 # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2262 Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 2263 Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2264 Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 2265 Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 2266 Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2267 Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 2268 Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2269 Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2270 Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 2271 Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2272 Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2273 Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 2274 Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 2275 Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2276 Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2277 # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2278 Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2279 Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 2280 Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 2281 # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2282 Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2283 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 2284 Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 2285 Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2286 # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2287 Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 2288 Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 2289 Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2290 # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2291 Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 2292 Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 2293 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 2294 Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 2295 Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2296 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 2297 Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2298 Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 2299 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 2300 Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 2301 Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 2302 Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 2303 Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 2304 Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2305 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2306 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2307 # Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 2308 # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2309 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2310 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2311 Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 2312 Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 2313 Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 2314 Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 2315 Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2316 Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2317 Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2318 Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2319 # 2320 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2321 Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884 2322 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 0:00u # Lisbon MT 2323 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2324 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 2325 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2326 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2327 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 2328 0:00 EU WE%sT 2329 # This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z. 2330 Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 2331 -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 2:00u # Horta MT 2332 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1942 Apr 25 22:00s 2333 -2:00 Port +00 1942 Aug 15 22:00s 2334 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1943 Apr 17 22:00s 2335 -2:00 Port +00 1943 Aug 28 22:00s 2336 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1944 Apr 22 22:00s 2337 -2:00 Port +00 1944 Aug 26 22:00s 2338 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1945 Apr 21 22:00s 2339 -2:00 Port +00 1945 Aug 25 22:00s 2340 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2341 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2342 -1:00 W-Eur -01/+00 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2343 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 2344 -1:00 EU -01/+00 2345 # This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z. 2346 Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 2347 -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u # Funchal MT 2348 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1942 Apr 25 22:00s 2349 -1:00 Port +01 1942 Aug 15 22:00s 2350 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1943 Apr 17 22:00s 2351 -1:00 Port +01 1943 Aug 28 22:00s 2352 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1944 Apr 22 22:00s 2353 -1:00 Port +01 1944 Aug 26 22:00s 2354 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1945 Apr 21 22:00s 2355 -1:00 Port +01 1945 Aug 25 22:00s 2356 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2357 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2358 0:00 EU WE%sT 2359 2360 # Romania 2361 # 2362 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 2363 # Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html> 2364 # (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 2365 # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 2366 # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 2367 # the same year as Bulgaria. 2368 # 2369 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2370 Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 2371 Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 2372 Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 2373 Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 2374 Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2375 Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 2376 Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2377 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2378 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 2379 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2380 Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 2381 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2382 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 2383 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2384 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 2385 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 2386 2:00 EU EE%sT 2387 2388 2389 # Russia 2390 2391 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15): 2392 # Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011 2393 # (Government document 2394 # http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/ 2395 # in Russian) 2396 # there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones... 2397 # All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English 2398 # by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below: 2399 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm 2400 2401 # From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27): 2402 # Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at: 2403 # http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966 2404 # They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian). 2405 2406 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2407 # Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia 2408 # changed in September 2011: 2409 # 2410 # One source is 2411 # http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ 2412 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, 2413 # 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. 2414 # 2415 # Another source is 2416 # https://rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html 2417 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the 2418 # Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also 2419 # contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: 2420 # in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which 2421 # does not contain any "effective date" information. 2422 # 2423 # Another source is 2424 # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 2425 # which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011... 2426 # Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2427 # but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. 2428 # 2429 # The Wikipedia article refers to 2430 # http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896 2431 # which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page. 2432 # 2433 # Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's 2434 # "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2435 # with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to 2436 # get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias 2437 # Conradi notes). 2438 # 2439 # None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks. 2440 # 2441 # Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s. 2442 2443 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01): 2444 # According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency) 2445 # http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562 2446 # the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to 2447 # winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new 2448 # regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ... 2449 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02 2450 # Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N 2451 # 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding 2452 # areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English): 2453 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html 2454 # 2455 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22): 2456 # Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian) 2457 # http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711 2458 # http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660 2459 # http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279 2460 # From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will look like this: 2461 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html 2462 2463 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2464 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 2465 # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, 2466 # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 2467 # 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 2468 # 2469 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2470 # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 2471 # I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 2472 # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 2473 # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 2474 # 2475 # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): 2476 # 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 2477 # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 2478 # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 2479 # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 2480 # 2481 # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 2482 # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 2483 # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 2484 # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 2485 # 2486 # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 2487 # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 2488 # News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 2489 # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 2490 # the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began 2491 # enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 2492 # 2493 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 2494 # There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 2495 # UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 2496 # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 2497 # until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 2498 # since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 2499 # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 2500 # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 2501 2502 # From Marat Nigametzianov (2018-07-16): 2503 # this is link to order from 1956 about timezone in USSR 2504 # http://astro.uni-altai.ru/~orion/blog/2011/11/novyie-granitsyi-chasovyih-poyasov-v-sssr/ 2505 # 2506 # From Paul Eggert (2018-07-16): 2507 # Perhaps someone could translate the above-mentioned link and use it 2508 # to correct our data for the ex-Soviet Union. It cites the following: 2509 # «Поясное время и новые границы часовых поясов» / сост. П.Н. Долгов, 2510 # отв. ред. Г.Д. Бурдун - М: Комитет стандартов, мер и измерительных 2511 # приборов при Совете Министров СССР, Междуведомственная комиссия 2512 # единой службы времени, 1956 г. 2513 # This book looks like it would be a helpful resource for the Soviet 2514 # Union through 1956. Although a copy was in the Scientific Library 2515 # of Tomsk State University, I have not been able to track down a copy nearby. 2516 # 2517 # From Stepan Golosunov (2018-07-21): 2518 # http://astro.uni-altai.ru/~orion/blog/2015/05/center-reforma-ischisleniya-vremeni-br-na-territorii-sssr-v-1957-godu-center/ 2519 # says that the 1956 decision to change time belts' borders was not 2520 # implemented as planned in 1956 and the change happened in 1957. 2521 # There is also the problem that actual time zones were different from 2522 # the official time belts (and from many time belts' maps) as there were 2523 # numerous exceptions to application of time belt rules. For example, 2524 # https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Московское_время#Перемещение_границы_применения_московского_времени_на_восток 2525 # says that by 1962 there were many regions in the 3rd time belt that 2526 # were on Moscow time, referring to a 1962 map. By 1989 number of such 2527 # exceptions grew considerably. 2528 2529 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2530 # The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist 2531 # with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions 2532 # are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative 2533 # listing. The region codes listed come from 2534 # https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498 2535 # and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their 2536 # future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level 2537 # divisions where available. 2538 2539 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2540 # Europe/Kaliningrad covers... 2541 # 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast 2542 2543 # From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25): 2544 # Although Shanks lists 1945-01-01 as the date for transition from 2545 # +01/+02 to +02/+03, more likely this is a placeholder. Guess that 2546 # the transition occurred at 1945-04-10 00:00, which is about when 2547 # Königsberg surrendered to Soviet troops. (Thanks to Alois Triendl.) 2548 2549 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2550 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2551 2552 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2553 # http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni 2554 # confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented. 2555 # (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that 2556 # summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But 2557 # 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.) 2558 # ... 2559 # http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 2560 # says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided 2561 # at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to 2562 # Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19. 2563 2564 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 2565 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 10 2566 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1946 Apr 7 2567 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2568 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2569 3:00 - +03 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2570 2:00 - EET 2571 2572 2573 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and 2574 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2575 # Europe/Moscow covers... 2576 # 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of 2577 # 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of 2578 # 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of 2579 # 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic 2580 # 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of 2581 # 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic 2582 # 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of 2583 # 11 RU-KO Komi Republic 2584 # 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic 2585 # 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of 2586 # 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of 2587 # 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of 2588 # 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic 2589 # 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic 2590 # 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai 2591 # 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai 2592 # 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast 2593 # 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast 2594 # 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast 2595 # 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast 2596 # 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast 2597 # 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast 2598 # 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast 2599 # 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast 2600 # 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast 2601 # 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast 2602 # 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast 2603 # 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast 2604 # 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast 2605 # 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast 2606 # 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast 2607 # 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast 2608 # 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast 2609 # 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast 2610 # 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast 2611 # 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast 2612 # 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast 2613 # 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast 2614 # 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast 2615 # 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast 2616 # 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast 2617 # 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast 2618 # 77 RU-MOW Moscow 2619 # 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg 2620 # 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug 2621 2622 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): 2623 # The Soviets switched to UT-based time in 1919. Decree No. 59 2624 # (1919-02-08) http://istmat.info/node/35567 established UT-based time 2625 # zones, and Decree No. 147 (1919-03-29) http://istmat.info/node/35854 2626 # specified a transition date of 1919-07-01, apparently at 00:00 UT. 2627 # No doubt only the Soviet-controlled regions switched on that date; 2628 # later transitions to UT-based time in other parts of Russia are 2629 # taken from what appear to be guesses by Shanks. 2630 # (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky for pointers to the decrees.) 2631 2632 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2633 # 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982. 2634 # Wikipedia refers to 2635 # http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html 2636 # http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm 2637 # 2638 # The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn 2639 # magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to 2640 # the Trud newspaper from February 1982. The first link provides the 2641 # same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses 2642 # time belt changes map). 2643 # 2644 # The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to 2645 # introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt 2646 # border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous 2647 # Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka 2648 # according to the provided map (colored one). In addition to that 2649 # "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time 2650 # belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on 2651 # 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage. (Komi ASSR was 2652 # supposed to repeat that move in October 1982 to account for the 2 2653 # hour difference.) Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01 2654 # is also provided. 2655 # 2656 # The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems 2657 # and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not 2658 # moving to summer time on 1982-04-01. Namely: Dagestan, 2659 # Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian, 2660 # Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol 2661 # krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo, 2662 # Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and 2663 # Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky 2664 # district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. As a result Evenk Autonomous 2665 # Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end 2666 # up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow 2667 # time. 2668 # 2669 # http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt 2670 # attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers 2671 # of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982. 1980-925.txt also adds 2672 # Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky 2673 # district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. Probably erroneously. 2674 # 2675 # The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow, 2676 # Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk. 2677 # 2678 # 12. Udmurtia 2679 # The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i 2680 # Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from 2681 # Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act. 2682 # http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt 2683 # implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01. 2684 # Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991. 2685 # 2686 # ... 2687 # 2688 # All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at 2689 # 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1 2690 # change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia). 2691 # 2692 # There were some exceptions, though. 2693 # Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd, 2694 # Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992 2695 # change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some 2696 # lists found in the internet are quite wild.) 2697 # 2698 # And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment. 2699 # http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 2700 # says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the 2701 # 1991-03-31 switch and one person at 2702 # https://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html 2703 # says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception 2704 # 2 days before the switch. 2705 # 2706 # 2707 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2708 # Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the 2709 # chaotic early 1980s in Russia. It's not clear what these entries 2710 # should be. For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the 2711 # time in Moscow. 2712 2713 # From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08): 2714 # LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow 2715 # Observatory (coordinates: 55° 45' 29.70", 37° 34' 05.30").... 2716 # LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard. 2717 # (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.) 2718 # The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by 2719 # Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow 2720 # was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory 2721 # coordinates: 59° 46' 18.70", 30° 19' 40.70") so 30° 19' 40.70" > 2722 # 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 = 2723 # 2:31:19 ... 2724 # 2725 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 2726 # Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in 2727 # Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895). 2728 # Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in 2729 # Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky. 2730 2731 Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880 2732 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 2733 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2734 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct 2735 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2736 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2737 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2738 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2739 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2740 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2741 3:00 - MSK 2742 2743 2744 # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06): 2745 # Europe/Simferopol covers Crimea. 2746 2747 Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2748 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 2749 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2750 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 2751 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 2752 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2753 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2754 2:00 - EET 1992 2755 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 2756 # 2757 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2758 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 2759 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2760 # Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened 2761 # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 2762 # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2763 # changed in May. 2764 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 2765 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 2766 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s 2767 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 2768 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 2769 # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 2770 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 2771 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 2772 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): 2773 # time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 2774 # https://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html 2775 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30): 2776 # Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks 2777 # late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial 2778 # and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about. 2779 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 2780 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2781 3:00 - MSK 2782 2783 2784 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2785 # Europe/Astrakhan covers: 2786 # 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast 2787 # 2788 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2789 2790 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12): 2791 # On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation 2792 # Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time).... 2793 # This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00. 2794 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2795 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056 2796 2797 Zone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May 2798 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2799 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2800 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2801 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2802 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2803 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2804 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2805 4:00 - +04 2806 2807 # From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11): 2808 # Europe/Volgograd covers: 2809 # 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast 2810 # The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04). 2811 2812 # From Alexander Fetisov (2018-09-20): 2813 # Volgograd region in southern Russia (Europe/Volgograd) change 2814 # timezone from UTC+3 to UTC+4 from 28oct2018. 2815 # http://sozd.parliament.gov.ru/bill/452878-7 2816 # 2817 # From Stepan Golosunov (2018-10-11): 2818 # The law has been published today on 2819 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201810110037 2820 2821 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 2822 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2823 4:00 - +04 1961 Nov 11 2824 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s 2825 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2826 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2827 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2828 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2829 3:00 - +03 2018 Oct 28 2:00s 2830 4:00 - +04 2831 2832 # From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11): 2833 # Europe/Saratov covers: 2834 # 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast 2835 2836 # From Yuri Konotopov (2016-11-11): 2837 # Dec 4, 2016 02:00 UTC+3.... Saratov Region's local time will be ... UTC+4. 2838 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-11): 2839 # ... Byalokoz listed Saratov on 03:04:18. 2840 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-22): 2841 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201611220031 2842 2843 Zone Europe/Saratov 3:04:18 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2844 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2845 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s 2846 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2847 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2848 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2849 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2850 3:00 - +03 2016 Dec 4 2:00s 2851 4:00 - +04 2852 2853 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2854 # Europe/Kirov covers: 2855 # 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast 2856 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2857 # 2858 Zone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2859 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2860 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2861 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2862 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2863 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2864 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2865 3:00 - +03 2866 2867 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2868 # Europe/Samara covers... 2869 # 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic 2870 # 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast 2871 2872 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2873 # Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20. 2874 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2875 2876 Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2877 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2878 4:00 - +04 1935 Jan 27 2879 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2880 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2881 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2882 3:00 - +03 1991 Oct 20 3:00 2883 4:00 Russia +04/+05 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2884 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2885 4:00 - +04 2886 2887 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2888 # Europe/Ulyanovsk covers: 2889 # 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast 2890 2891 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2892 2893 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17): 2894 # Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am. 2895 # Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ... 2896 # 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading. 2897 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2898 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051 2899 2900 Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2901 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2902 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2903 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2904 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2905 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2906 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2907 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2908 4:00 - +04 2909 2910 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2911 # Asia/Yekaterinburg covers... 2912 # 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of 2913 # 90 RU-PER Perm Krai 2914 # 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast 2915 # 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast 2916 # 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast 2917 # 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast 2918 # 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast 2919 # 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra 2920 # 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug 2921 # 2922 # Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak 2923 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai. 2924 2925 # Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest. 2926 # Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05. 2927 # Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard. 2928 # The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks. 2929 2930 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3 2931 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 2932 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2933 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2934 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2935 5:00 Russia +05/+06 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2936 6:00 - +06 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2937 5:00 - +05 2938 2939 2940 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2941 # Asia/Omsk covers... 2942 # 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast 2943 2944 # Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30. 2945 2946 Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 2947 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 2948 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2949 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2950 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2951 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2952 6:00 - +06 2953 2954 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22): 2955 # Asia/Barnaul covers: 2956 # 04 RU-AL Altai Republic 2957 # 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai 2958 2959 # Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2960 2961 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2962 # Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25 2963 # http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm 2964 # suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on 2965 # 1995-05-28. 2966 # 2967 # https://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html 2968 # has some historical data for Altai Krai: 2969 # before 1957: west part on UT+6, east on UT+7 2970 # after 1957: UT+7 2971 # since 1995: UT+6 2972 # http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html 2973 # confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date. 2974 2975 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17): 2976 # Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones 2977 # by March 27, 2016 at 2am.... 2978 # Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ... 2979 # Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) 2980 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2981 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043 2982 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038 2983 2984 Zone Asia/Barnaul 5:35:00 - LMT 1919 Dec 10 2985 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2986 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2987 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2988 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1995 May 28 2989 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2990 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2991 6:00 - +06 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2992 7:00 - +07 2993 2994 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2995 # Asia/Novosibirsk covers: 2996 # 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast 2997 2998 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-05-30): 2999 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=1085784-6 3000 # moves Novosibirsk oblast from UTC+6 to UTC+7. 3001 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-04): 3002 # The law was signed yesterday and published today on 3003 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064 3004 3005 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 3006 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 3007 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3008 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3009 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. 3010 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3011 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3012 6:00 - +06 2016 Jul 24 2:00s 3013 7:00 - +07 3014 3015 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 3016 # Asia/Tomsk covers: 3017 # 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast 3018 3019 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24): 3020 # Byalokoz listed Tomsk at 5:39:51. 3021 3022 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 3023 # Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow. 3024 3025 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19): 3026 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743 3027 # (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time) 3028 # / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ... 3029 # Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their 3030 # GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally 3031 # belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced 3032 # with time zones in 2011 with different numbering (there was a 3033 # 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014). 3034 3035 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12): 3036 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6 3037 # This bill was approved in the first reading today. It moves Tomsk oblast 3038 # from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at 3039 # 2:00. The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by 3040 # the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President 3041 # and published to become a law. Minor changes in the text are to be expected 3042 # before the second reading (references need to be updated to account for the 3043 # recent changes). 3044 # 3045 # Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws, 3046 # the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule 3047 # http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/ 3048 # http://council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303 3049 # I speculate that the final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the 3050 # bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday, 3051 # approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and 3052 # published as a law around 2016-04-26. 3053 3054 # From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26): 3055 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048 3056 3057 Zone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:51 - LMT 1919 Dec 22 3058 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 3059 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3060 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3061 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2002 May 1 3:00 3062 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3063 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3064 6:00 - +06 2016 May 29 2:00s 3065 7:00 - +07 3066 3067 3068 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3069 # Asia/Novokuznetsk covers... 3070 # 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast 3071 3072 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): 3073 # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on 3074 # March 28, 2010: 3075 # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 3076 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 3077 # 3078 # This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September 3079 # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth 3080 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) 3081 # 3082 # Russian Government web site (Russian language) 3083 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm 3084 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference 3085 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 3086 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html 3087 # 3088 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 3089 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. 3090 3091 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 3092 # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus 3093 # realigning itself with KRAT. 3094 3095 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1 3096 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 3097 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3098 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3099 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 3100 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3101 7:00 - +07 3102 3103 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 3104 # Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers... 3105 # 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic 3106 # 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of 3107 # 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai 3108 # 3109 # Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr 3110 # Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai. 3111 3112 # Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26. 3113 3114 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 3115 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 3116 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3117 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3118 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3119 8:00 - +08 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3120 7:00 - +07 3121 3122 3123 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 3124 # Asia/Irkutsk covers... 3125 # 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of 3126 # 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast 3127 # 3128 # Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was 3129 # merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast. 3130 3131 # Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15. 3132 # Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05. 3133 # Go with Byalokoz. 3134 3135 Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880 3136 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 3137 7:00 - +07 1930 Jun 21 3138 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3139 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3140 8:00 Russia +08/+09 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3141 9:00 - +09 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3142 8:00 - +08 3143 3144 3145 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 3146 # Asia/Chita covers... 3147 # 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai 3148 # 3149 # Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat 3150 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai. 3151 3152 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02): 3153 # [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) - 3154 # Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9. Effective date will 3155 # be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am.... 3156 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107 3157 3158 Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 3159 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 3160 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3161 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3162 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3163 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3164 8:00 - +08 2016 Mar 27 2:00 3165 9:00 - +09 3166 3167 3168 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 3169 # Asia/Yakutsk covers... 3170 # 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast 3171 # 3172 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3173 # 14-02 **** Aldansky District 3174 # 14-04 **** Amginsky District 3175 # 14-05 **** Anabarsky District 3176 # 14-06 **** Bulunsky District 3177 # 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District 3178 # 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District 3179 # 14-11 **** Gorny District 3180 # 14-12 **** Zhigansky District 3181 # 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District 3182 # 14-14 **** Lensky District 3183 # 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District 3184 # 14-16 **** Mirninsky District 3185 # 14-18 **** Namsky District 3186 # 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District 3187 # 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District 3188 # 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District 3189 # 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District 3190 # 14-26 **** Suntarsky District 3191 # 14-27 **** Tattinsky District 3192 # 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District 3193 # 14-32 **** Khangalassky District 3194 # 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District 3195 # 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District 3196 3197 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3198 # Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District. 3199 # Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too. 3200 # Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk. 3201 3202 # Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58. 3203 3204 Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 3205 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 3206 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3207 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3208 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3209 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3210 9:00 - +09 3211 3212 3213 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 3214 # Asia/Vladivostok covers... 3215 # 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai 3216 # 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai 3217 # 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast 3218 # 3219 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3220 # 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District 3221 # 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District 3222 3223 # Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5. 3224 # Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31. 3225 # Go with Byalokoz. 3226 3227 Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 3228 9:00 - +09 1930 Jun 21 3229 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3230 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3231 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3232 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3233 10:00 - +10 3234 3235 3236 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3237 # Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3238 # 14-28 **** Tomponsky District 3239 # 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District 3240 3241 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 3242 # Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time 3243 # in 2011. 3244 3245 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25): 3246 # Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time. 3247 # Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004. 3248 # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info. 3249 3250 Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 3251 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 3252 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3253 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3254 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2004 3255 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3256 11:00 - +11 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 3257 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3258 9:00 - +09 3259 3260 3261 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3262 # Asia/Sakhalin covers... 3263 # 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast 3264 # ...with the exception of: 3265 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 3266 3267 # From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22): 3268 # Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ... 3269 # (2016-03-09): 3270 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044 3271 3272 # The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 3273 Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 3274 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 25 3275 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T 3276 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3277 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 3278 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3279 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3280 10:00 - +10 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 3281 11:00 - +11 3282 3283 3284 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 3285 # Asia/Magadan covers... 3286 # 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast 3287 3288 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 3289 # Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however, 3290 # several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of 3291 # the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented 3292 # until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will 3293 # need their own zone. 3294 3295 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27): 3296 # ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ... 3297 # will take ... effect ... on April 24, 2016 at 2 o'clock 3298 # 3299 # From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05): 3300 # ... signed by the President today ... 3301 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038 3302 3303 Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 3304 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 3305 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3306 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3307 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3308 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3309 10:00 - +10 2016 Apr 24 2:00s 3310 11:00 - +11 3311 3312 3313 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 3314 # Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3315 # 14-01 **** Abyysky District 3316 # 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District 3317 # 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District 3318 # 14-17 **** Momsky District 3319 # 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District 3320 # 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District 3321 # 3322 # ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast: 3323 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 3324 3325 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02): 3326 # Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with 3327 # most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on 3328 # 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District 3329 # of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by 3330 # Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11. 3331 3332 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 3333 # Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27. 3334 # There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone 3335 # Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary. 3336 # 3337 # Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these 3338 # districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently 3339 # lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females 3340 # each! (Yikes!) 3341 # https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276 3342 # https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493 3343 # Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one. 3344 # 3345 # Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have 3346 # fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the 3347 # 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most 3348 # recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of 3349 # http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf 3350 # in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older 3351 # settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining. 3352 # Go with Srednekolymsk. 3353 3354 Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 3355 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 3356 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3357 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3358 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3359 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3360 11:00 - +11 3361 3362 3363 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3364 # Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3365 # 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District 3366 3367 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 3368 # Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from 3369 # Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011. 3370 # 3371 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 3372 # It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch, 3373 # as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of 3374 # Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on 3375 # UTC+12 since at least then, too. 3376 3377 Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 3378 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 3379 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1981 Apr 1 3380 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3381 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3382 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3383 12:00 - +12 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 3384 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3385 10:00 - +10 3386 3387 3388 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 3389 # Asia/Kamchatka covers... 3390 # 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai 3391 # 3392 # Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak 3393 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai. 3394 3395 # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps 3396 # Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long. 3397 Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 3398 11:00 - +11 1930 Jun 21 3399 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3400 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3401 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 3402 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3403 12:00 - +12 3404 3405 3406 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3407 # Asia/Anadyr covers... 3408 # 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug 3409 3410 Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 3411 12:00 - +12 1930 Jun 21 3412 13:00 Russia +13/+14 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 3413 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3414 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3415 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 3416 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3417 12:00 - +12 3418 3419 3420 # San Marino 3421 # See Europe/Rome. 3422 3423 # Serbia 3424 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3425 Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 3426 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 3427 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 3428 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 3429 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 3430 # Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of 3431 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 3432 # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj. 3433 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 3434 1:00 EU CE%sT 3435 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 3436 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro 3437 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 3438 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # North Macedonia 3439 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 3440 3441 # Slovakia 3442 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 3443 3444 # Slovenia 3445 # See Europe/Belgrade. 3446 3447 # Spain 3448 # 3449 # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-14): 3450 # 3451 # The source for Europe/Madrid before 2013 is: 3452 # Planesas P. La hora oficial en España y sus cambios. 3453 # Anuario del Observatorio Astronómico de Madrid (2013, in Spanish). 3454 # http://astronomia.ign.es/rknowsys-theme/images/webAstro/paginas/documentos/Anuario/lahoraoficialenespana.pdf 3455 # As this source says that historical time in the Canaries is obscure, 3456 # and it does not discuss Ceuta, stick with Shanks for now for that data. 3457 # 3458 # In the 1918 and 1919 fallback transitions in Spain, the clock for 3459 # the hour-longer day officially kept going after midnight, so that 3460 # the repeated instances of that day's 00:00 hour were 24 hours apart, 3461 # with a fallback transition from the second occurrence of 00:59... to 3462 # the next day's 00:00. Our data format cannot represent this 3463 # directly, and instead repeats the first hour of the next day, with a 3464 # fallback transition from the next day's 00:59... to 00:00. 3465 3466 # From Michael Deckers (2016-12-15): 3467 # The Royal Decree of 1900-06-26 quoted by Planesas, online at 3468 # https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1900/209/A00383-00384.pdf 3469 # says in its article 5 (my translation): 3470 # These dispositions will enter into force beginning with the 3471 # instant at which, according to the time indicated in article 1, 3472 # the 1st day of January of 1901 will begin. 3473 3474 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3475 Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S 3476 Rule Spain 1918 1919 - Oct 6 24:00s 0 - 3477 Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 6 23:00 1:00 S 3478 Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00 1:00 S 3479 Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 24:00s 0 - 3480 Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 3481 Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 - 3482 Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 3483 Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 3484 Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 3485 # Republican Spain during the civil war; it controlled Madrid until 1939-03-28. 3486 Rule Spain 1937 only - Jun 16 23:00 1:00 S 3487 Rule Spain 1937 only - Oct 2 24:00s 0 - 3488 Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 3489 Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 30 23:00 2:00 M 3490 Rule Spain 1938 only - Oct 2 24:00 1:00 S 3491 # The following rules are for unified Spain again. 3492 # 3493 # Planesas does not say what happened in Madrid between its fall on 3494 # 1939-03-28 and the Nationalist spring-forward transition on 3495 # 1939-04-15. For lack of better info, assume Madrid's clocks did not 3496 # change during that period. 3497 # 3498 # The first rule is commented out, as it is redundant for Republican Spain. 3499 #Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S 3500 Rule Spain 1939 only - Oct 7 24:00s 0 - 3501 Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 23:00 1:00 S 3502 Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 1:00 0 - 3503 Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 3504 Rule Spain 1943 1944 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 3505 Rule Spain 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 3506 Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 3507 Rule Spain 1949 only - Oct 2 1:00 0 - 3508 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=12 23:00 1:00 S 3509 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 3510 Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 3511 Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 3512 Rule Spain 1977 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 3513 Rule Spain 1978 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 3514 Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 3515 # Nationalist Spain during the civil war 3516 #Rule NatSpain 1937 only - May 22 23:00 1:00 S 3517 #Rule NatSpain 1937 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 - 3518 #Rule NatSpain 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00 1:00 S 3519 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978, 3520 # except with "S" letters. 3521 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 3522 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3523 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 3524 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 3525 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3526 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 3527 Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 3528 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3529 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 3530 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3531 Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:45:16 3532 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1940 Mar 16 23:00 3533 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 3534 1:00 EU CE%sT 3535 Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:38:44 3536 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 3537 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 3538 0:00 - WET 1924 3539 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 3540 0:00 - WET 1967 # Help zishrink.awk. 3541 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 3542 1:00 - CET 1986 3543 1:00 EU CE%sT 3544 Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 3545 -1:00 - -01 1946 Sep 30 1:00 3546 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 3547 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u 3548 0:00 EU WE%sT 3549 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 3550 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 3551 3552 # Sweden 3553 3554 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: 3555 # 3556 # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 3557 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 3558 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 3559 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 3560 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 3561 # 3562 # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03' 30" 3563 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 3564 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 3565 # 3566 # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 3567 # författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 3568 # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 3569 # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 3570 # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 3571 # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 3572 # 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 3573 # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 3574 # 3575 # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states 3576 # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 3577 # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 3578 # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 3579 # 3580 # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 3581 # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 3582 # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 3583 # in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 3584 # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 3585 # the Sök-button). 3586 # 3587 # (2001-05-13): 3588 # 3589 # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 3590 # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 3591 # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 3592 # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 3593 # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 3594 # hour before the event took place. 3595 # 3596 # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 3597 3598 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3599 Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 3600 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 3601 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 3602 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 3603 1:00 - CET 1980 3604 1:00 EU CE%sT 3605 3606 # Switzerland 3607 # From Howse: 3608 # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 3609 # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 3610 # mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 .... 3611 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3612 # From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"): 3613 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 3614 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 3615 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 3616 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 3617 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 3618 3619 # From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 3620 # I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. 3621 # 3622 # As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values 3623 # to be wrong. This is now verified. 3624 # 3625 # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal 3626 # government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss 3627 # federal law collection)... 3628 # 3629 # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am 3630 # DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. 3631 # 3632 # DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am 3633 # DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am 3634 # 3635 # There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. 3636 # It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law 3637 # collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any 3638 # other years are made. 3639 # 3640 # Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported 3641 # about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous 3642 # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such 3643 # a thing had happened in Switzerland. 3644 # 3645 # I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de 3646 # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is 3647 # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled 3648 # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. 3649 # 3650 # The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 3651 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 3652 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 3653 # 3654 # The 1940 rules must be deleted. 3655 # 3656 # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for 3657 # most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ... 3658 # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 3659 # the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not 3660 # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 3661 # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. 3662 # 3663 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): 3664 # The Federal regulations say 3665 # https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html 3666 # ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7° 26' 22.50". 3667 # Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. 3668 3669 # From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): 3670 # the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893) 3671 # http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353 3672 # clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight 3673 # but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one 3674 # hour before the beginning of service. 3675 3676 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11): 3677 # Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46. 3678 # 3679 # We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland 3680 # except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book: 3681 # 3682 # Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und 3683 # Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995, 3684 # ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797. 3685 # 3686 # suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not 3687 # agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the 3688 # most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the 3689 # "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on 3690 # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16 3691 # (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in 3692 # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph 3693 # offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso" 3694 # (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on 3695 # 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and 3696 # legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date. 3697 3698 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3699 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 3700 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 3701 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3702 Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. 3703 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 3704 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 3705 1:00 EU CE%sT 3706 3707 # Turkey 3708 3709 # From Alois Treindl (2019-08-12): 3710 # http://www.astrolojidergisi.com/yazsaati.htm has researched the time zone 3711 # history of Turkey, based on newspaper archives and official documents. 3712 # From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): 3713 # That source (Oya Vulaş, "Türkiye'de Yaz Saati Uygulamaları") 3714 # is used for 1940/1972, where it seems more reliable than our other 3715 # sources. 3716 3717 # From Kıvanç Yazan (2019-08-12): 3718 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/14539.pdf#page=24 3719 # 1973-06-03 01:00 -> 02:00, 1973-11-04 02:00 -> 01:00 3720 # 3721 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/14829.pdf#page=1 3722 # 1974-03-31 02:00 -> 03:00, 1974-11-03 02:00 -> 01:00 3723 # 3724 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15161.pdf#page=1 3725 # 1975-03-22 02:00 -> 03:00, 1975-11-02 02:00 -> 01:00 3726 # 3727 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15535_1.pdf#page=1 3728 # 1976-03-21 02:00 -> 03:00, 1976-10-31 02:00 -> 01:00 3729 # 3730 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15778.pdf#page=5 3731 # 1977-04-03 02:00 -> 03:00, 1977-10-16 02:00 -> 01:00, 3732 # 1978-04-02 02:00 -> 03:00 (not applied, see below) 3733 # 1978-10-15 02:00 -> 01:00 (not applied, see below) 3734 # 1979-04-01 02:00 -> 03:00 (not applied, see below) 3735 # 1979-10-14 02:00 -> 01:00 (not applied, see below) 3736 # 3737 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/16245.pdf#page=17 3738 # This cancels the previous decision, and repeats it only for 1978. 3739 # 1978-04-02 02:00 -> 03:00, 1978-10-15 02:00 -> 01:00 3740 # (not applied due to standard TZ change below) 3741 # 3742 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/16331.pdf#page=3 3743 # This decision changes the default longitude for Turkish time zone from 30 3744 # degrees East to 45 degrees East. This means a standard TZ change, from +2 3745 # to +3. This is published & applied on 1978-06-29. At that time, Turkey was 3746 # already on summer time (already on 45E). Hence, this new law just meant an 3747 # "continuous summer time". Note that this was reversed in a few years. 3748 # 3749 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18119_1.pdf#page=1 3750 # 1983-07-31 02:00 -> 03:00 (note that this jumps TZ to +4) 3751 # 1983-10-02 02:00 -> 01:00 (back to +3) 3752 # 3753 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18561.pdf (page 1 and 34) 3754 # At this time, Turkey is still on +3 with no spring-forward on early 3755 # 1984. This decision is published on 10/31/1984. Page 1 declares 3756 # the decision of reverting the "default longitude change". So the 3757 # standard time should go back to +3 (30E). And page 34 explains when 3758 # that will happen: 1984-11-01 02:00 -> 01:00. You can think of this 3759 # as "end of continuous summer time, change of standard time zone". 3760 # 3761 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18713.pdf#page=1 3762 # 1985-04-20 01:00 -> 02:00, 1985-09-28 02:00 -> 01:00 3763 3764 # From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25): 3765 # 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with 3766 # no exceptions. 3767 # 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ... 3768 # Here are official papers: 3769 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf#page=2 for 1986 3770 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf#page=4 for 1987 3771 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf#page=15 for 1988 3772 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf#page=6 for 1989 3773 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf#page=1 for 1990 - 1992 3774 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf#page=15 for 1993 - 1995 3775 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf#page=1 for overriding 1994 3776 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf#page=1 for 1996, 1997 3777 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf#page=10 for 1998 - 2000 3778 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001 3779 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006 3780 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25): 3781 # Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for timestamps after 1985. 3782 3783 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): 3784 # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC 3785 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): 3786 # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp 3787 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: 3788 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm 3789 # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document 3790 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: 3791 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm 3792 3793 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): 3794 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer 3795 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. 3796 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. 3797 # https://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 3798 # Turkish: 3799 # https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-bir-gun-ileri-alindi-17230464 3800 3801 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14): 3802 # The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the 3803 # Turkish Local election.... 3804 # http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik 3805 # ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m. 3806 # From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15): 3807 # Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31, 3808 # I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST 3809 # change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time. 3810 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15): 3811 # The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule 3812 # change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See: 3813 # Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency 3814 # http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30. 3815 # I guess the best we can do is document the official time. 3816 3817 # From Fatih (2015-09-29): 3818 # It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy. 3819 # Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00 3820 # http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217 3821 # 3822 # From BBC News (2015-10-25): 3823 # Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a 3824 # government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan 3825 # Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan. 3826 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326 3827 3828 # From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08): 3829 # Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter.... 3830 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf 3831 # 3832 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07): 3833 # The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey. 3834 # It takes effect today, which is not much notice. 3835 3836 # From Kıvanç Yazan (2017-10-28): 3837 # Turkey will go back to Daylight Saving Time starting 2018-10. 3838 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/10/20171028-5.pdf 3839 # 3840 # From Even Scharning (2017-11-08): 3841 # ... today it was announced that the DST will become "continuous": 3842 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/son-dakika-yaz-saati-uygulamasi-surekli-hale-geldi-40637482 3843 # From Paul Eggert (2017-11-08): 3844 # Although Google Translate misfires on that source, it looks like 3845 # Turkey reversed last month's decision, and so will stay at +03. 3846 3847 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3848 Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3849 Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3850 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 3851 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 3852 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 3853 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 3854 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 3855 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3856 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; 3857 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3858 Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 3859 Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3860 Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3861 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 3862 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 3863 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 3864 Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 3865 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3866 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3867 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3868 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3869 Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 3870 Rule Turkey 1947 1951 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 3871 Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 3872 Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 3873 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 3874 # DST for 15 months; unusual but we'll let it pass. 3875 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 3876 Rule Turkey 1963 only - Oct 30 0:00 0 - 3877 Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 3878 Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3879 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 3880 Rule Turkey 1973 1976 - Oct Sun>=31 2:00 0 - 3881 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 3882 Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 22 2:00 1:00 S 3883 Rule Turkey 1976 only - Mar 21 2:00 1:00 S 3884 Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 3885 Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 3886 Rule Turkey 1978 only - Jun 29 0:00 0 - 3887 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 2:00 1:00 S 3888 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 - 3889 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 1:00s 1:00 S 3890 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 1:00s 0 - 3891 Rule Turkey 1986 1993 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 3892 Rule Turkey 1986 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3893 Rule Turkey 1994 only - Mar 20 1:00s 1:00 S 3894 Rule Turkey 1995 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 3895 Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3896 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3897 Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 3898 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 3899 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Jun 29 3900 3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1984 Nov 1 2:00 3901 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 3902 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 3903 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 3904 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u 3905 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u 3906 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u 3907 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u 3908 2:00 EU EE%sT 2016 Sep 7 3909 3:00 - +03 3910 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 3911 3912 # Ukraine 3913 # 3914 # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, 3915 # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 3916 # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government 3917 # regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 3918 # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 3919 # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 3920 # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 3921 3922 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20): 3923 # On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to 3924 # abolish the transfer clock to winter time. 3925 # 3926 # Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got 3927 # approval from 266 deputies. 3928 # 3929 # Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian) 3930 # http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ 3931 # 3932 # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) 3933 # http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html 3934 # 3935 # Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) 3936 # https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ 3937 # 3938 # From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): 3939 # Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the 3940 # Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter 3941 # time this year after all. 3942 # 3943 # From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18): 3944 # As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone 3945 # (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar 3946 # to Russia) was reverted today: 3947 # http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995 3948 # 3949 # Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted: 3950 # The law documents themselves are at 3951 # http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 3952 3953 # From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28): 3954 # First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST: 3955 # 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST 3956 # 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3957 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134. 3958 # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html 3959 # 3960 # They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law, 3961 # "summer time" was still in action): 3962 # 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3963 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272. 3964 # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html 3965 # 3966 # Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action): 3967 # 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3968 # 3969 # DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended): 3970 # 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST 3971 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225. 3972 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm 3973 # This is an answer. 3974 # 3975 # Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure: 3976 # 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started 3977 # 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended 3978 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139. 3979 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm 3980 3981 # From Paul Eggert (2018-10-03): 3982 # As is usual in tzdb, Ukrainian zones use the most common English spellings. 3983 # For example, tzdb uses Europe/Kiev, as "Kiev" is the most common spelling in 3984 # English for Ukraine's capital, even though it is certainly wrong as a 3985 # transliteration of the Ukrainian "Київ". This is similar to tzdb's use of 3986 # Europe/Prague, which is certainly wrong as a transliteration of the Czech 3987 # "Praha". ("Kiev" came from old Slavic via Russian to English, and "Prague" 3988 # came from old Slavic via French to English, so the two cases have something 3989 # in common.) Admittedly English-language spelling of Ukrainian names is 3990 # controversial, and some day "Kyiv" may become substantially more popular in 3991 # English; in the meantime, stick with the traditional English "Kiev" as that 3992 # means less disruption for our users. 3993 3994 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3995 # This represents most of Ukraine. See above for the spelling of "Kiev". 3996 Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 3997 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 3998 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3999 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 4000 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 4001 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00 4002 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00 4003 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 4004 2:00 EU EE%sT 4005 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 4006 # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but 4007 # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. 4008 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 4009 1:00 - CET 1940 4010 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 4011 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 4012 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 4013 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 4014 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 4015 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 4016 2:00 - EET 1992 4017 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 4018 2:00 EU EE%sT 4019 # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 4020 # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 4021 # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English 4022 # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in 4023 # portable Posix file names. 4024 Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 4025 2:20 - +0220 1924 May 2 4026 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 4027 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 4028 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 4029 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 4030 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 4031 2:00 EU EE%sT 4032 4033 # Vatican City 4034 # See Europe/Rome. 4035 4036 ############################################################################### 4037 4038 # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 4039 # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 4040 # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 4041 # 4042 # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 4043 # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 4044 # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 4045 # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 4046 # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 4047 # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 4048 4049 # ... 4050 # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 4051 # From: Tom Hofmann 4052 # ... 4053 # 4054 # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 4055 # most European countries started DST. Before that year, only 4056 # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 4057 # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 4058 # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 4059 # years... 4060 # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 4061 # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 4062 # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 4063 # lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now. 4064 # 4065 # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 4066 # Soviet Union (as far as I know). 4067 # 4068 # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 4069 # 4002 Basle, Switzerland 4070 # ... 4071 4072 # ... 4073 # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 4074 # From: Dik T. Winter 4075 # ... 4076 # 4077 # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 4078 # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 4079 # about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 4080 # 4081 # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 4082 # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 4083 # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 4084 # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 4085 # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 4086 # the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 4087 # dates... 4088 # 4089 # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 4090 # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 4091 # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 4092 # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 4093 # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 4094 # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 4095 # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 4096 # in advance of normal time. 4097 # 4098 # ... 4099 # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 4100 # ... 4101 4102 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 4103 # ... 4104 # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 4105 # Since 1978. Change at midnight. 4106 # ... 4107 # Monaco: has same DST as France. 4108 # ...