1 #
   2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   3 #
   4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   6 # published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
   9 #
  10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  14 # accompanied this code).
  15 #
  16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  19 #
  20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  22 # questions.
  23 #
  24 # tzdb data for North and Central America and environs
  25 
  26 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
  27 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
  28 
  29 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
  30 
  31 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
  32 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
  33 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
  34 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
  35 
  36 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
  37 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
  38 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
  39 
  40 ###############################################################################
  41 
  42 # United States
  43 
  44 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
  45 # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
  46 # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
  47 # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
  48 # His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
  49 # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
  50 # in New York City (1869-10).  His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
  51 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
  52 
  53 # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-20):
  54 # Dowd's proposal left many details unresolved, such as where to draw
  55 # lines between time zones.  The key individual who made time zones
  56 # work in the US was William Frederick Allen - railway engineer,
  57 # managing editor of the Travelers' Guide, and secretary of the
  58 # General Time Convention, a railway standardization group.  Allen
  59 # spent months in dialogs with scientific and railway leaders,
  60 # developed a workable plan to institute time zones, and presented it
  61 # to the General Time Convention on 1883-04-11, saying that his plan
  62 # meant "local time would be practically abolished" - a plus for
  63 # railway scheduling.  By the next convention on 1883-10-11 nearly all
  64 # railroads had agreed and it took effect on 1883-11-18.  That Sunday
  65 # was called the "day of two noons", as some locations observed noon
  66 # twice.  Allen witnessed the transition in New York City, writing:
  67 #
  68 #   I heard the bells of St. Paul's strike on the old time.  Four
  69 #   minutes later, obedient to the electrical signal from the Naval
  70 #   Observatory ... the time-ball made its rapid descent, the chimes
  71 #   of old Trinity rang twelve measured strokes, and local time was
  72 #   abandoned, probably forever.
  73 #
  74 # Most of the US soon followed suit.  See:
  75 # Bartky IR. The adoption of standard time. Technol Cult 1989 Jan;30(1):25-56.
  76 # https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105430
  77 
  78 # From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
  79 # That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
  80 # See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).
  81 
  82 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
  83 # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
  84 # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
  85 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
  86 # Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
  87 # It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.
  88 
  89 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
  90 # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
  91 # in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
  92 # of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
  93 # Not everyone is happy with the results:
  94 #
  95 #       I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
  96 #       agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
  97 #       daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
  98 #       I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
  99 #       valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen.  As an admirer
 100 #       of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
 101 #       reduce my time for enjoying it.  At the back of the Daylight Saving
 102 #       scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
 103 #       to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
 104 #       them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
 105 #
 106 #        -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
 107 #          Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
 108 #
 109 # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
 110 # Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
 111 # (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
 112 # https://web.archive.org/web/20160517155308/http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html
 113 #
 114 # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
 115 # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
 116 # was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
 117 # time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
 118 
 119 # From Paul Eggert (2019-06-04):
 120 # Here is the legal basis for the US federal rules.
 121 # * Public Law 65-106 (1918-03-19) implemented standard and daylight saving
 122 #   time for the first time across the US, springing forward on March's last
 123 #   Sunday and falling back on October's last Sunday.
 124 #   https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/65th-congress/session-2/c65s2ch24.pdf
 125 # * Public Law 66-40 (1919-08-20) repealed DST on October 1919's last Sunday.
 126 #   https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/66th-congress/session-1/c66s1ch51.pdf
 127 # * Public Law 77-403 (1942-01-20) started wartime DST on 1942-02-09.
 128 #   https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/77th-congress/session-2/c77s2ch7.pdf
 129 # * Public Law 79-187 (1945-09-25) ended wartime DST on 1945-09-30.
 130 #   https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/79th-congress/session-1/c79s1ch388.pdf
 131 # * Public Law 89-387 (1966-04-13) reinstituted a national standard for DST,
 132 #   from April's last Sunday to October's last Sunday, effective 1967.
 133 #   https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-80/pdf/STATUTE-80-Pg107.pdf
 134 # * Public Law 93-182 (1973-12-15) moved the 1974 spring-forward to 01-06.
 135 #   https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-87/pdf/STATUTE-87-Pg707.pdf
 136 # * Public Law 93-434 (1974-10-05) moved the 1975 spring-forward to
 137 #   February's last Sunday.
 138 #   https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-88/pdf/STATUTE-88-Pg1209.pdf
 139 # * Public Law 99-359 (1986-07-08) moved the spring-forward to April's first
 140 #   Sunday.
 141 #   https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-100/pdf/STATUTE-100-Pg764.pdf
 142 # * Public Law 109-58 (2005-08-08), effective 2007, moved the spring-forward
 143 #   to March's second Sunday and the fall-back to November's first Sunday.
 144 #   https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-109publ58/pdf/PLAW-109publ58.pdf
 145 # All transitions are at 02:00 local time.
 146 
 147 # From Arthur David Olson:
 148 # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
 149 # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
 150 
 151 # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
 152 # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
 153 # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
 154 # An AltaVista search turned up:
 155 # https://web.archive.org/web/20000926032210/http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html
 156 # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
 157 # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.'  Peace is wonderful."
 158 # (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
 159 #
 160 # From Paul Eggert (2017-09-23):
 161 # This was the V-J Day issue of the Clamdigger, a Rowayton, CT newsletter.
 162 
 163 # From Joseph Gallant citing
 164 # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
 165 # At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
 166 # to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
 167 # never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
 168 # CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
 169 # but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
 170 # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
 171 # London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
 172 
 173 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout.  From
 174 # Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
 175 #
 176 # ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
 177 # Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
 178 # wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
 179 # Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
 180 # typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
 181 # importance."
 182 #
 183 # On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
 184 # microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
 185 # before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
 186 # The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
 187 #
 188 # He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
 189 
 190 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
 191 # Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
 192 # that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
 193 # U.S. government action.  So even though the "US" rules have changed
 194 # in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
 195 
 196 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 197 Rule    US      1918    1919    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 198 Rule    US      1918    1919    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 199 Rule    US      1942    only    -       Feb     9       2:00    1:00    W # War
 200 Rule    US      1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
 201 Rule    US      1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
 202 Rule    US      1967    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 203 Rule    US      1967    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 204 Rule    US      1974    only    -       Jan     6       2:00    1:00    D
 205 Rule    US      1975    only    -       Feb     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 206 Rule    US      1976    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 207 Rule    US      1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
 208 Rule    US      2007    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
 209 Rule    US      2007    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1       2:00    0       S
 210 
 211 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
 212 # We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
 213 # obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
 214 # We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
 215 # this time zone package.
 216 # We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
 217 # a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
 218 # We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
 219 # increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
 220 # avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
 221 
 222 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 223 Zone    EST              -5:00  -       EST
 224 Zone    MST              -7:00  -       MST
 225 Zone    HST             -10:00  -       HST
 226 Zone    EST5EDT          -5:00  US      E%sT
 227 Zone    CST6CDT          -6:00  US      C%sT
 228 Zone    MST7MDT          -7:00  US      M%sT
 229 Zone    PST8PDT          -8:00  US      P%sT
 230 
 231 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 232 # USA  EASTERN       5 H  BEHIND UTC    NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
 233 # USA  EASTERN       4 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 234 # USA  CENTRAL       6 H  BEHIND UTC    CHICAGO, HOUSTON
 235 # USA  CENTRAL       5 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 236 # USA  MOUNTAIN      7 H  BEHIND UTC    DENVER
 237 # USA  MOUNTAIN      6 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 238 # USA  PACIFIC       8 H  BEHIND UTC    L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
 239 # USA  PACIFIC       7 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 240 # USA  ALASKA STD    9 H  BEHIND UTC    MOST OF ALASKA     (AKST)
 241 # USA  ALASKA STD    8 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
 242 # USA  ALEUTIAN     10 H  BEHIND UTC    ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
 243 # USA    "           9 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 244 # USA  HAWAII       10 H  BEHIND UTC
 245 # USA  BERING       11 H  BEHIND UTC    SAMOA, MIDWAY
 246 
 247 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
 248 # The above dates are for 1988.
 249 # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
 250 # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
 251 # Aleutians.
 252 
 253 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 254 # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
 255 # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward.  First, names
 256 # up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
 257 # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
 258 #       (none)
 259 #       United States standard eastern time
 260 #       United States standard mountain time
 261 #       United States standard central time
 262 #       United States standard Pacific time
 263 #       (none)
 264 #       United States standard Alaska time
 265 #       (none)
 266 # Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
 267 # public law 98-181):
 268 #       Atlantic standard time
 269 #       eastern standard time
 270 #       central standard time
 271 #       mountain standard time
 272 #       Pacific standard time
 273 #       Yukon standard time
 274 #       Alaska-Hawaii standard time
 275 #       Bering standard time
 276 # And after 1983-11-30:
 277 #       Atlantic standard time
 278 #       eastern standard time
 279 #       central standard time
 280 #       mountain standard time
 281 #       Pacific standard time
 282 #       Alaska standard time
 283 #       Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
 284 #       Samoa standard time
 285 # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
 286 #
 287 # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-19):
 288 # Here are URLs for the 1918 and 1966 legislation:
 289 # http://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=40&page=451
 290 # http://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=80&page=108
 291 # Although the 1918 names were officially "United States Standard
 292 # Eastern Time" and similarly for "Central", "Mountain", "Pacific",
 293 # and "Alaska", in practice "Standard" was placed just before "Time",
 294 # as codified in 1966.  In practice, Alaska time was abbreviated "AST"
 295 # before 1968.  Summarizing the 1967 name changes:
 296 #       1918 names                      1967 names
 297 #  -08  Standard Pacific Time (PST)     Pacific standard time (PST)
 298 #  -09  (unofficial) Yukon (YST)        Yukon standard time (YST)
 299 #  -10  Standard Alaska Time (AST)      Alaska-Hawaii standard time (AHST)
 300 #  -11  (unofficial) Nome (NST)         Bering standard time (BST)
 301 #
 302 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
 303 # Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced ... "Chamorro Standard Time"
 304 # for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.  See the file "australasia".
 305 #
 306 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-17):
 307 # HST and HDT are standardized abbreviations for Hawaii-Aleutian
 308 # standard and daylight times.  See section 9.47 (p 234) of the
 309 # U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual (2008)
 310 # https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008/pdf/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008.pdf
 311 
 312 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
 313 # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
 314 #
 315 # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
 316 #   (a) Amendment.--Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
 317 #   U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
 318 #     (1) by striking "first Sunday of April" and inserting "second
 319 #     Sunday of March"; and
 320 #     (2) by striking "last Sunday of October" and inserting "first
 321 #     Sunday of November'.
 322 #   (b) Effective Date.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
 323 #   date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
 324 #   (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 9 months after the effective
 325 #   date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
 326 #   on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
 327 #   States.
 328 #   (d) Right to Revert.--Congress retains the right to revert the
 329 #   Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
 330 #   Department study is complete.
 331 
 332 # US eastern time, represented by New York
 333 
 334 # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
 335 # Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
 336 # (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
 337 # New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
 338 # Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
 339 # Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
 340 
 341 # From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
 342 # Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
 343 # Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
 344 # One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
 345 # and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
 346 # reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
 347 
 348 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
 349 # According to today's Huntsville Times
 350 # http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1
 351 # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
 352 # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
 353 # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time."  It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
 354 # Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
 355 # time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
 356 # in Columbus."
 357 #
 358 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
 359 # Four cities are involved.  The two not mentioned above are Smiths Station
 360 # and Valley.  Barbara Brooks, Valley's assistant treasurer, heard it started
 361 # because West Point Pepperell textile mills were in Alabama while the
 362 # corporate office was in Georgia, and residents voted to keep Eastern
 363 # time even after the mills closed.  See: Kazek K. Did you know which
 364 # Alabama towns are in a different time zone?  al.com 2017-02-06.
 365 # http://www.al.com/living/index.ssf/2017/02/do_you_know_which_alabama_town.html
 366 
 367 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
 368 # Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 44, 4 (1884-02-08), 208
 369 # says that New York City Hall time was 3 minutes 58.4 seconds fast of
 370 # Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch.  Round to the
 371 # nearest second.
 372 
 373 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 374 Rule    NYC     1920    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 375 Rule    NYC     1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 376 Rule    NYC     1921    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 377 Rule    NYC     1921    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 378 Rule    NYC     1955    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 379 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 380 Zone America/New_York   -4:56:02 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
 381                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1920
 382                         -5:00   NYC     E%sT    1942
 383                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1946
 384                         -5:00   NYC     E%sT    1967
 385                         -5:00   US      E%sT
 386 
 387 # US central time, represented by Chicago
 388 
 389 # Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
 390 # Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
 391 # Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
 392 # (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 393 # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
 394 # Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
 395 # Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
 396 # western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
 397 
 398 # From Paul Eggert (2018-01-07):
 399 # In 1869 the Chicago Astronomical Society contracted with the city to keep
 400 # time.  Though delayed by the Great Fire, by 1880 a wire ran from the
 401 # Dearborn Observatory (on the University of Chicago campus) to City Hall,
 402 # which then sent signals to police and fire stations.  However, railroads got
 403 # their time signals from the Allegheny Observatory, the Madison Observatory,
 404 # the Ann Arbor Observatory, etc., so their clocks did not agree with each
 405 # other or with the city's official time.  The confusion took some years to
 406 # clear up.  See:
 407 # Moser M. How Chicago gave America its time zones. Chicago. 2018-01-04.
 408 # http://www.chicagomag.com/city-life/January-2018/How-Chicago-Gave-America-Its-Time-Zones/
 409 
 410 # From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
 411 # https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/175.pdf
 412 # is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change.  Because the local
 413 # "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
 414 # are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
 415 # hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
 416 #
 417 # From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12):
 418 # Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI
 419 # Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
 420 # https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2007/related/acts/3
 421 
 422 # From an email administrator of the City of Fort Pierre, SD (2015-12-21):
 423 # Fort Pierre is technically located in the Mountain time zone as is
 424 # the rest of Stanley County.  Most of Stanley County and Fort Pierre
 425 # uses the Central time zone due to doing most of their business in
 426 # Pierre so it simplifies schedules.  I have lived in Stanley County
 427 # all my life and it has been that way since I can remember.  (43 years!)
 428 #
 429 # From Paul Eggert (2015-12-25):
 430 # Assume this practice predates 1970, so Fort Pierre can use America/Chicago.
 431 
 432 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-06):
 433 # In 1950s Nashville a public clock had dueling faces, one for conservatives
 434 # and the other for liberals; the two sides didn't agree about the time of day.
 435 # I haven't found a photo of this clock, nor have I tracked down the TIME
 436 # magazine report cited below, but here's the story as told by the late
 437 # American journalist John Seigenthaler, who was there:
 438 #
 439 # "The two [newspaper] owners held strongly contrasting political and
 440 # ideological views.  Evans was a New South liberal, Stahlman an Old South
 441 # conservative, and their two papers frequently clashed editorially, often on
 442 # the same day....  In the 1950s as the state legislature was grappling with
 443 # the question of whether to approve daylight saving time for the entire state,
 444 # TIME magazine reported:
 445 #
 446 # "'The Nashville Banner and The Nashville Tennessean rarely agree on anything
 447 # but the time of day - and last week they couldn't agree on that.'
 448 #
 449 # "It was all too true. The clock on the front of the building had two faces -
 450 # The Tennessean side of the building facing west, the other, east.  When it
 451 # was high noon Banner time, it was 11 a.m. Tennessean time."
 452 #
 453 # Seigenthaler J. For 100 years, Tennessean had it covered.
 454 # The Tennessean 2007-05-11, republished 2015-04-06.
 455 # https://www.tennessean.com/story/insider/extras/2015/04/06/archives-seigenthaler-for-100-years-the-tennessean-had-it-covered/25348545/
 456 
 457 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 458 Rule    Chicago 1920    only    -       Jun     13      2:00    1:00    D
 459 Rule    Chicago 1920    1921    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 460 Rule    Chicago 1921    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 461 Rule    Chicago 1922    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 462 Rule    Chicago 1922    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 463 Rule    Chicago 1955    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 464 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 465 Zone America/Chicago    -5:50:36 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
 466                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1920
 467                         -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1936 Mar  1  2:00
 468                         -5:00   -       EST     1936 Nov 15  2:00
 469                         -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1942
 470                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 471                         -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1967
 472                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 473 # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
 474 Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
 475                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1992 Oct 25  2:00
 476                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 477 # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
 478 # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
 479 # See <http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p63/135818.pdf>.
 480 # Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
 481 # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
 482 # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
 483 # See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>.
 484 Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT      1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
 485                         -7:00   US      M%sT    2003 Oct 26  2:00
 486                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 487 
 488 # From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
 489 # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
 490 # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
 491 # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
 492 # https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
 493 # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
 494 
 495 # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
 496 # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
 497 # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
 498 # largest city in Mercer County).  Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
 499 # at 47° 15' 51" N, 101° 46' 40" W, which yields an offset of 6h47'07".
 500 
 501 Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
 502                         -7:00   US      M%sT    2010 Nov  7  2:00
 503                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 504 
 505 # US mountain time, represented by Denver
 506 #
 507 # Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
 508 # Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
 509 # New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
 510 # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
 511 # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
 512 #
 513 # From Paul Eggert (2018-10-25):
 514 # On 1921-03-04 federal law placed all of Texas into the central time zone.
 515 # However, El Paso ignored the law for decades and continued to observe
 516 # mountain time, on the grounds that that's what they had always done
 517 # and they weren't about to let the federal government tell them what to do.
 518 # Eventually the federal government gave in and changed the law on
 519 # 1970-04-10 to match what El Paso was actually doing.  Although
 520 # that's slightly after our 1970 cutoff, there is no need to create a
 521 # separate zone for El Paso since they were ignoring the law anyway.  See:
 522 # Long T. El Pasoans were time rebels, fought to stay in Mountain zone.
 523 # El Paso Times. 2018-10-24 06:40 -06.
 524 # https://www.elpasotimes.com/story/news/local/el-paso/2018/10/24/el-pasoans-were-time-rebels-fought-stay-mountain-zone/1744509002/
 525 #
 526 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 527 Rule    Denver  1920    1921    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 528 Rule    Denver  1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 529 Rule    Denver  1921    only    -       May     22      2:00    0       S
 530 Rule    Denver  1965    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 531 Rule    Denver  1965    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 532 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 533 Zone America/Denver     -6:59:56 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
 534                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1920
 535                         -7:00   Denver  M%sT    1942
 536                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1946
 537                         -7:00   Denver  M%sT    1967
 538                         -7:00   US      M%sT
 539 
 540 # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
 541 #
 542 # California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
 543 # Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county
 544 # north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren),
 545 # Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern ¾ of
 546 # Malheur county), and Washington
 547 
 548 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-20):
 549 # In early February 1948, in response to California's electricity shortage,
 550 # PG&E changed power frequency from 60 to 59.5 Hz during daylight hours,
 551 # causing electric clocks to lose six minutes per day.  (This did not change
 552 # legal time, and is not part of the data here.)  See:
 553 # Ross SA. An energy crisis from the past: Northern California in 1948.
 554 # Working Paper No. 8, Institute of Governmental Studies, UC Berkeley,
 555 # 1973-11.  https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x22k30c
 556 #
 557 # In another measure to save electricity, DST was instituted from 1948-03-14
 558 # at 02:01 to 1949-01-16 at 02:00, with the governor having the option to move
 559 # the fallback transition earlier.  See pages 3-4 of:
 560 # http://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/Statutes/1948/48Vol1_Chapters.pdf
 561 #
 562 # In response:
 563 #
 564 #   Governor Warren received a torrent of objecting mail, and it is not too much
 565 #   to speculate that the objections to Daylight Saving Time were one important
 566 #   factor in the defeat of the Dewey-Warren Presidential ticket in California.
 567 #     -- Ross, p 25
 568 #
 569 # On December 8 the governor exercised the option, setting the date to January 1
 570 # (LA Times 1948-12-09).  The transition time was 02:00 (LA Times 1949-01-01).
 571 #
 572 # Despite the controversy, in 1949 California voters approved Proposition 12,
 573 # which established DST from April's last Sunday at 01:00 until September's
 574 # last Sunday at 02:00. This was amended by 1962's Proposition 6, which changed
 575 # the fall-back date to October's last Sunday. See:
 576 # https://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1501&context=ca_ballot_props
 577 # https://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1636&context=ca_ballot_props
 578 #
 579 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 580 Rule    CA      1948    only    -       Mar     14      2:01    1:00    D
 581 Rule    CA      1949    only    -       Jan      1      2:00    0       S
 582 Rule    CA      1950    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 1:00    1:00    D
 583 Rule    CA      1950    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 584 Rule    CA      1962    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 585 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 586 Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -     LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
 587                         -8:00   US      P%sT    1946
 588                         -8:00   CA      P%sT    1967
 589                         -8:00   US      P%sT
 590 
 591 # Alaska
 592 # AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -09 per USNO.
 593 #
 594 # From Paul Eggert (2017-06-15):
 595 # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
 596 # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
 597 # On Friday, 1867-10-18 (Gregorian), at precisely 15:30 local time, the
 598 # Russian forts and fleet at Sitka fired salutes to mark the ceremony of
 599 # formal transfer.  See the Sacramento Daily Union (1867-11-14), p 3, col 2.
 600 # https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SDU18671114.2.12.1
 601 # Sitka workers did not change their calendars until Sunday, 1867-10-20,
 602 # and so celebrated two Sundays that week.  See: Ahllund T (tr Hallamaa P).
 603 # From the memoirs of a Finnish workman. Alaska History. 2006 Fall;21(2):1-25.
 604 # http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Ahllund-2006-Memoirs-of-a-Finnish-Workman.pdf
 605 # Include only the time zone part of this transition, ignoring the switch
 606 # from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent the Julian calendar.
 607 #
 608 # As far as we know, of the locations mentioned below only Sitka was
 609 # permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
 610 # (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement was
 611 # destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.)  Many of Alaska's inhabitants
 612 # were unaware of the US acquisition of Alaska, much less of any calendar or
 613 # time change.  However, the Russian-influenced part of Alaska did observe
 614 # Russian time, and it is more accurate to model this than to ignore it.
 615 # The database format requires an exact transition time; use the Russian
 616 # salute as a somewhat-arbitrary time for the formal transfer of control for
 617 # all of Alaska.  Sitka's UTC offset is -9:01:13; adjust its 15:30 to the
 618 # local times of other Alaskan locations so that they change simultaneously.
 619 
 620 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
 621 # One opinion of the early-1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and
 622 # daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall:
 623 # "Welcome to Juneau.  Please turn your watch back to the 19th century."
 624 # See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01.
 625 # http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html
 626 #
 627 # Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source:
 628 # Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response.
 629 # Alaska History 2001;16(1-2).
 630 # http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/
 631 
 632 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
 633 # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
 634 #
 635 # On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
 636 # 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
 637 # Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
 638 # Pacific Time.
 639 #
 640 # ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
 641 # Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
 642 # northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
 643 #
 644 # On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
 645 # unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
 646 #
 647 # According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
 648 # bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
 649 #
 650 # (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
 651 # Nation.)
 652 
 653 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
 654 # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
 655 # Community office (using contact information available at
 656 # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
 657 # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
 658 # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
 659 # that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their
 660 # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
 661 # did not inquire about practices in the past.
 662 
 663 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
 664 # For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
 665 # abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
 666 
 667 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-11-09):
 668 # It seems Metlakatla did go off PST on Sunday, November 1, changing
 669 # their time to AKST and are going to follow Alaska's DST, switching
 670 # between AKST and AKDT from now on....
 671 # https://www.krbd.org/2015/10/30/annette-island-times-they-are-a-changing/
 672 
 673 # From Ryan Stanley (2018-11-06):
 674 # The Metlakatla community in Alaska has decided not to change its
 675 # clock back an hour starting on November 4th, 2018 (day before yesterday).
 676 # They will be gmtoff=-28800 year-round.
 677 # https://www.facebook.com/141055983004923/photos/pb.141055983004923.-2207520000.1541465673./569081370202380/
 678 
 679 # From Paul Eggert (2018-12-16):
 680 # In a 2018-12-11 special election, Metlakatla voted to go back to
 681 # Alaska time (including daylight saving time) starting next year.
 682 # https://www.krbd.org/2018/12/12/metlakatla-to-follow-alaska-standard-time-allow-liquor-sales/
 683 #
 684 # From Ryan Stanley (2019-01-11):
 685 # The community will be changing back on the 20th of this month...
 686 # From Tim Parenti (2019-01-11):
 687 # Per an announcement on the Metlakatla community's official Facebook page, the
 688 # "fall back" will be on Sunday 2019-01-20 at 02:00:
 689 # https://www.facebook.com/141055983004923/photos/607150969728753/
 690 # So they won't be waiting for Alaska to join them on 2019-03-10, but will
 691 # rather change their clocks twice in seven weeks.
 692 
 693 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 694 Zone America/Juneau      15:02:19 -     LMT     1867 Oct 19 15:33:32
 695                          -8:57:41 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 696                          -8:00  -       PST     1942
 697                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 698                          -8:00  -       PST     1969
 699                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1980 Apr 27  2:00
 700                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1980 Oct 26  2:00
 701                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 702                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 703                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 704 Zone America/Sitka       14:58:47 -     LMT     1867 Oct 19 15:30
 705                          -9:01:13 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 706                          -8:00  -       PST     1942
 707                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 708                          -8:00  -       PST     1969
 709                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 710                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 711                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 712 Zone America/Metlakatla  15:13:42 -     LMT     1867 Oct 19 15:44:55
 713                          -8:46:18 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 714                          -8:00  -       PST     1942
 715                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 716                          -8:00  -       PST     1969
 717                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 718                          -8:00  -       PST     2015 Nov  1  2:00
 719                          -9:00  US      AK%sT   2018 Nov  4  2:00
 720                          -8:00  -       PST     2019 Jan 20  2:00
 721                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 722 Zone America/Yakutat     14:41:05 -     LMT     1867 Oct 19 15:12:18
 723                          -9:18:55 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 724                          -9:00  -       YST     1942
 725                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1946
 726                          -9:00  -       YST     1969
 727                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 728                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 729 Zone America/Anchorage   14:00:24 -     LMT     1867 Oct 19 14:31:37
 730                          -9:59:36 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 731                         -10:00  -       AST     1942
 732                         -10:00  US      A%sT    1967 Apr
 733                         -10:00  -       AHST    1969
 734                         -10:00  US      AH%sT   1983 Oct 30  2:00
 735                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 736                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 737 Zone America/Nome        12:58:22 -     LMT     1867 Oct 19 13:29:35
 738                         -11:01:38 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 739                         -11:00  -       NST     1942
 740                         -11:00  US      N%sT    1946
 741                         -11:00  -       NST     1967 Apr
 742                         -11:00  -       BST     1969
 743                         -11:00  US      B%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 744                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 745                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 746 Zone America/Adak        12:13:22 -     LMT     1867 Oct 19 12:44:35
 747                         -11:46:38 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 748                         -11:00  -       NST     1942
 749                         -11:00  US      N%sT    1946
 750                         -11:00  -       NST     1967 Apr
 751                         -11:00  -       BST     1969
 752                         -11:00  US      B%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 753                         -10:00  US      AH%sT   1983 Nov 30
 754                         -10:00  US      H%sT
 755 # The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
 756 #
 757 # Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
 758 # switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
 759 # and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
 760 #
 761 # From David Flater (2004-11-09):
 762 # In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
 763 # Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
 764 # suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
 765 # possibly until 1983:
 766 #
 767 #  Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
 768 #  "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
 769 #  location not on Alaska Standard Time.  The following resolution was
 770 #  made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
 771 #  resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
 772 #  Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
 773 #  January 14, Alaska Standard Time.)  This resolution was passed with
 774 #  three votes for and one against."
 775 
 776 # Hawaii
 777 
 778 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
 779 # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
 780 # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
 781 # the article is available at
 782 # https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
 783 # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
 784 # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
 785 # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
 786 # last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
 787 # act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
 788 # from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
 789 # when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
 790 # effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
 791 # day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
 792 # cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
 793 # and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
 794 
 795 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
 796 # The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
 797 # Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
 798 # 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
 799 # 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
 800 # year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
 801 # hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
 802 # day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
 803 # Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
 804 # hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
 805 # which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
 806 # that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
 807 # Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
 808 # of the Territory of Hawaii."
 809 #
 810 # Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
 811 # We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
 812 
 813 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 814 Zone Pacific/Honolulu   -10:31:26 -     LMT     1896 Jan 13 12:00
 815                         -10:30  -       HST     1933 Apr 30  2:00
 816                         -10:30  1:00    HDT     1933 May 21 12:00
 817                         -10:30  US      H%sT    1947 Jun  8  2:00
 818                         -10:00  -       HST
 819 
 820 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
 821 
 822 # Arizona mostly uses MST.
 823 
 824 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
 825 #
 826 # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
 827 # Daylight Saving Time web page
 828 # <http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm> (2002-01-23)
 829 # maintained by the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
 830 # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
 831 # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
 832 # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
 833 # observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time.  The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
 834 # Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
 835 # the date the state's clocks would change.  In 1945 the State of
 836 # Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
 837 # mandated by federal law.  Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
 838 # Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
 839 #
 840 # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
 841 # Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
 842 
 843 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 844 Zone America/Phoenix    -7:28:18 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
 845                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1944 Jan  1  0:01
 846                         -7:00   -       MST     1944 Apr  1  0:01
 847                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1944 Oct  1  0:01
 848                         -7:00   -       MST     1967
 849                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1968 Mar 21
 850                         -7:00   -       MST
 851 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 852 # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
 853 # notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
 854 # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
 855 # large size and location in three states."  (The "only" means that other
 856 # tribal nations don't use DST.)
 857 #
 858 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26):
 859 # See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation.
 860 
 861 # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
 862 # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
 863 # Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
 864 # Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
 865 # Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
 866 # quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
 867 # switched four weeks late in 1974.
 868 #
 869 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 870 Zone America/Boise      -7:44:49 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
 871                         -8:00   US      P%sT    1923 May 13  2:00
 872                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1974
 873                         -7:00   -       MST     1974 Feb  3  2:00
 874                         -7:00   US      M%sT
 875 
 876 # Indiana
 877 #
 878 # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
 879 # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana
 880 #
 881 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-30):
 882 # A brief but entertaining history of time in Indiana describes a 1949 debate
 883 # in the Indiana House where city legislators (who favored "fast time")
 884 # tussled with farm legislators (who didn't) over a bill to outlaw DST:
 885 #  "Lacking enough votes, the city faction tries to filibuster until time runs
 886 #   out on the session at midnight, but rural champion Rep. Herbert Copeland,
 887 #   R-Madison, leans over the gallery railing and forces the official clock
 888 #   back to 9 p.m., breaking it in the process.  The clock sticks on 9 as the
 889 #   debate rages on into the night.  The filibuster finally dies out and the
 890 #   bill passes, while outside the chamber, clocks read 3:30 a.m.  In the end,
 891 #   it doesn't matter which side won.  The law has no enforcement powers and
 892 #   is simply ignored by fast-time communities."
 893 # How Indiana went from 'God's time' to split zones and daylight-saving.
 894 # Indianapolis Star. 2018-11-27 14:58 -05.
 895 # https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2018/11/27/indianapolis-indiana-time-zone-history-central-eastern-daylight-savings-time/2126300002/
 896 #
 897 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 898 # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
 899 # with the following exceptions:
 900 #
 901 # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 902 #   Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
 903 #
 904 # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
 905 #
 906 # - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
 907 #   America/Kentucky/Louisville.
 908 #
 909 # - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
 910 #   and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
 911 #
 912 # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
 913 # and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information."
 914 # Those Hoosiers!  Such a flighty and changeable people!
 915 # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
 916 #
 917 # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
 918 # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
 919 # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
 920 
 921 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-26):
 922 # https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana
 923 # says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
 924 # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
 925 # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
 926 # this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
 927 # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
 928 # Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their
 929 # clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error.  The intent
 930 # was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
 931 
 932 # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
 933 # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
 934 # going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
 935 # http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
 936 
 937 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 938 Rule Indianapolis 1941  only    -       Jun     22      2:00    1:00    D
 939 Rule Indianapolis 1941  1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 940 Rule Indianapolis 1946  1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 941 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 942 Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT        1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
 943                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1920
 944                         -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
 945                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 946                         -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24  2:00
 947                         -5:00   -       EST     1957 Sep 29  2:00
 948                         -6:00   -       CST     1958 Apr 27  2:00
 949                         -5:00   -       EST     1969
 950                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
 951                         -5:00   -       EST     2006
 952                         -5:00   US      E%sT
 953 #
 954 # Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
 955 # as well as from 1976 through 2005.
 956 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 957 Rule    Marengo 1951    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 958 Rule    Marengo 1951    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 959 Rule    Marengo 1954    1960    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 960 Rule    Marengo 1954    1960    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 961 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 962 Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
 963                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1951
 964                         -6:00   Marengo C%sT    1961 Apr 30  2:00
 965                         -5:00   -       EST     1969
 966                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1974 Jan  6  2:00
 967                         -6:00   1:00    CDT     1974 Oct 27  2:00
 968                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1976
 969                         -5:00   -       EST     2006
 970                         -5:00   US      E%sT
 971 #
 972 # Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
 973 # switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
 974 # in November 2007.
 975 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 976 Rule Vincennes  1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 977 Rule Vincennes  1946    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 978 Rule Vincennes  1953    1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 979 Rule Vincennes  1953    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 980 Rule Vincennes  1955    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
 981 Rule Vincennes  1956    1963    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 982 Rule Vincennes  1960    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 983 Rule Vincennes  1961    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 984 Rule Vincennes  1962    1963    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 985 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 986 Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT   1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
 987                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 988                         -6:00 Vincennes C%sT    1964 Apr 26  2:00
 989                         -5:00   -       EST     1969
 990                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
 991                         -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
 992                         -6:00   US      C%sT    2007 Nov  4  2:00
 993                         -5:00   US      E%sT
 994 #
 995 # Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
 996 # From Alois Triendl (2019-07-09):
 997 # The Indianapolis News, Friday 27 October 1967 states that Perry County
 998 # returned to CST.  It went again to EST on 27 April 1969, as documented by the
 999 # Indianapolis star of Saturday 26 April.
1000 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
1001 Rule Perry      1955    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
1002 Rule Perry      1955    1960    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1003 Rule Perry      1956    1963    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1004 Rule Perry      1961    1963    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1005 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1006 Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT   1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
1007                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
1008                         -6:00 Perry     C%sT    1964 Apr 26  2:00
1009                         -5:00   -       EST     1967 Oct 29  2:00
1010                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1969 Apr 27  2:00
1011                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
1012                         -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
1013                         -6:00   US      C%sT
1014 #
1015 # Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
1016 # then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
1017 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
1018 Rule    Pike    1955    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
1019 Rule    Pike    1955    1960    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1020 Rule    Pike    1956    1964    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1021 Rule    Pike    1961    1964    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1022 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1023 Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT  1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
1024                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1955
1025                         -6:00   Pike    C%sT    1965 Apr 25  2:00
1026                         -5:00   -       EST     1966 Oct 30  2:00
1027                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1977 Oct 30  2:00
1028                         -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
1029                         -6:00   US      C%sT    2007 Nov  4  2:00
1030                         -5:00   US      E%sT
1031 #
1032 # Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
1033 # then switched back in 2006.
1034 # From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
1035 # An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
1036 # notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
1037 # 1991-10-27.
1038 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
1039 Rule    Starke  1947    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1040 Rule    Starke  1947    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1041 Rule    Starke  1955    1956    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1042 Rule    Starke  1957    1958    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1043 Rule    Starke  1959    1961    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1044 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1045 Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 -    LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
1046                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1947
1047                         -6:00   Starke  C%sT    1962 Apr 29  2:00
1048                         -5:00   -       EST     1963 Oct 27  2:00
1049                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1991 Oct 27  2:00
1050                         -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
1051                         -6:00   US      C%sT
1052 #
1053 # Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
1054 # April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
1055 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
1056 Rule    Pulaski 1946    1960    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1057 Rule    Pulaski 1946    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1058 Rule    Pulaski 1955    1956    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1059 Rule    Pulaski 1957    1960    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1060 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1061 Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
1062                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
1063                         -6:00   Pulaski C%sT    1961 Apr 30  2:00
1064                         -5:00   -       EST     1969
1065                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
1066                         -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
1067                         -6:00   US      C%sT    2007 Mar 11  2:00
1068                         -5:00   US      E%sT
1069 #
1070 # Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
1071 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1072 Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 -   LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
1073                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1954 Apr 25  2:00
1074                         -5:00   -       EST     1969
1075                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1973
1076                         -5:00   -       EST     2006
1077                         -5:00   US      E%sT
1078 
1079 # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-20):
1080 # The Louisville & Nashville Railroad's 1883-11-18 change occurred at
1081 # 10:00 old local time; train were supposed to come to a standstill
1082 # for precisely 18 minutes.  See Bartky Fig. 1 (page 50).  It is not
1083 # clear how this matched civil time in Louisville, so for now continue
1084 # to assume Louisville switched at noon new local time, like New York.
1085 #
1086 # From Michael Deckers (2019-08-06):
1087 # From the contemporary source given by Alois Treindl,
1088 # the switch in Louisville on 1946-04-28 was on 00:01
1089 # From Paul Eggert (2019-08-26):
1090 # That source was the Louisville Courier-Journal, 1946-04-27, p 4.
1091 # Shanks gives 02:00 for all 20th-century transition times in Louisville.
1092 # Evidently this is wrong for spring 1946.  Although also likely wrong
1093 # for other dates, we have no data.
1094 #
1095 # Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
1096 # This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
1097 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
1098 Rule Louisville 1921    only    -       May     1       2:00    1:00    D
1099 Rule Louisville 1921    only    -       Sep     1       2:00    0       S
1100 Rule Louisville 1941    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1101 Rule Louisville 1941    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1102 Rule Louisville 1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 0:01    1:00    D
1103 Rule Louisville 1946    only    -       Jun     2       2:00    0       S
1104 Rule Louisville 1950    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1105 Rule Louisville 1950    1955    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1106 Rule Louisville 1956    1961    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1107 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1108 Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 -     LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
1109                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1921
1110                         -6:00 Louisville C%sT   1942
1111                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
1112                         -6:00 Louisville C%sT   1961 Jul 23  2:00
1113                         -5:00   -       EST     1968
1114                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1974 Jan  6  2:00
1115                         -6:00   1:00    CDT     1974 Oct 27  2:00
1116                         -5:00   US      E%sT
1117 #
1118 # Wayne County, Kentucky
1119 #
1120 # From Lake Cumberland LIFE
1121 # http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml
1122 # (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
1123 # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
1124 # the Central to the Eastern time zone....  The Wayne County government made
1125 # the same request in December.  And while Russell County officials have not
1126 # taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
1127 # August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
1128 # The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
1129 # location in the Central time zone.
1130 #
1131 # From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
1132 # After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
1133 # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
1134 # (-0500) time.  They won't "fall back" this year.  See Sara Shipley,
1135 # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
1136 #
1137 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
1138 # The final rule was published in the
1139 # Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), pp 50154-50158.
1140 # https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2000-08-17/html/00-20854.htm
1141 #
1142 Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
1143                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
1144                         -6:00   -       CST     1968
1145                         -6:00   US      C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
1146                         -5:00   US      E%sT
1147 
1148 
1149 # From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
1150 # Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
1151 # Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
1152 #       previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
1153 # Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
1154 # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
1155 # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
1156 # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
1157 #
1158 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
1159 # We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
1160 # so omit that change for now.
1161 # See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
1162 # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
1163 # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
1164 # 1999-10-31.  See the
1165 # Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), pp 56705-56707.
1166 # https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-1999-10-21/html/99-27240.htm
1167 # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
1168 # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
1169 # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
1170 
1171 # Michigan
1172 #
1173 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
1174 # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
1175 #
1176 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
1177 # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
1178 # but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
1179 # that Detroit kept
1180 #
1181 #       local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
1182 #       be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time.  Half the
1183 #       city obeyed, half refused.  After considerable debate, the decision
1184 #       was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time.  A derisive offer to
1185 #       erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
1186 #       Committee on Sewers.  Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
1187 #       by city vote.
1188 #
1189 # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
1190 #
1191 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1192 # Garland (1927) writes "Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
1193 # one hour in 1914."  This change is not in Shanks.  We have no more
1194 # info, so omit this for now.
1195 #
1196 # From Paul Eggert (2019-07-06):
1197 # Due to a complicated set of legal maneuvers, in 1967 Michigan did
1198 # not start daylight saving time when the rest of the US did.
1199 # Instead, it began DST on Jun 14 at 00:01.  This was big news:
1200 # the Detroit Free Press reported it at the top of Page 1 on
1201 # 1967-06-14, in an article "State Adjusting to Switch to Fast Time"
1202 # by Gary Blonston, above an article about Thurgood Marshall's
1203 # confirmation to the US Supreme Court.  Although Shanks says Detroit
1204 # observed DST until 1967-10-29 00:01, that time of day seems to be
1205 # incorrect, as the Free Press later said DST ended in Michigan at the
1206 # same time as the rest of the US.  Also, although Shanks reports no DST in
1207 # Detroit in 1968, it did observe DST that year; in the November 1968
1208 # election Michigan voters narrowly repealed DST, effective 1969.
1209 #
1210 # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
1211 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
1212 Rule    Detroit 1948    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1213 Rule    Detroit 1948    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1214 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1215 Zone America/Detroit    -5:32:11 -      LMT     1905
1216                         -6:00   -       CST     1915 May 15  2:00
1217                         -5:00   -       EST     1942
1218                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1946
1219                         -5:00   Detroit E%sT    1967 Jun 14  0:01
1220                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1969
1221                         -5:00   -       EST     1973
1222                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1975
1223                         -5:00   -       EST     1975 Apr 27  2:00
1224                         -5:00   US      E%sT
1225 #
1226 # Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
1227 # switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
1228 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
1229 Rule Menominee  1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1230 Rule Menominee  1946    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1231 Rule Menominee  1966    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1232 Rule Menominee  1966    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1233 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1234 Zone America/Menominee  -5:50:27 -      LMT     1885 Sep 18 12:00
1235                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
1236                         -6:00 Menominee C%sT    1969 Apr 27  2:00
1237                         -5:00   -       EST     1973 Apr 29  2:00
1238                         -6:00   US      C%sT
1239 
1240 # Navassa
1241 # administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
1242 # claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
1243 # also claimed by Haiti
1244 # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
1245 # US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
1246 # currently uninhabited
1247 # see Mark Fineman, "An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord",
1248 # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
1249 # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
1250 
1251 ################################################################################
1252 
1253 
1254 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
1255 #
1256 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
1257 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
1258 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
1259 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
1260 #
1261 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
1262 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
1263 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
1264 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
1265 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
1266 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
1267 #
1268 # Other sources occasionally used include:
1269 #
1270 #       Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
1271 #       <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
1272 #
1273 #       Pearce C. The Great Daylight Saving Time Controversy.
1274 #       Australian Ebook Publisher. 2017. ISBN 978-1-925516-96-8.
1275 #
1276 #       Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
1277 #       Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
1278 #       which I found in the UCLA library.
1279 #
1280 #       William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
1281 #       <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
1282 #       [PDF] (1914-03)
1283 #
1284 # See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
1285 
1286 # Canada
1287 
1288 # From Alain LaBonté (1994-11-14):
1289 # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
1290 # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
1291 #
1292 #       UTC     Standard time   Daylight saving time
1293 #       offset  French  English French  English
1294 #       -2:30   -       -       HAT     NDT
1295 #       -3      -       -       HAA     ADT
1296 #       -3:30   HNT     NST     -       -
1297 #       -4      HNA     AST     HAE     EDT
1298 #       -5      HNE     EST     HAC     CDT
1299 #       -6      HNC     CST     HAR     MDT
1300 #       -7      HNR     MST     HAP     PDT
1301 #       -8      HNP     PST     HAY     YDT
1302 #       -9      HNY     YST     -       -
1303 #
1304 #       HN: Heure Normale       ST: Standard Time
1305 #       HA: Heure Avancée      DT: Daylight saving Time
1306 #
1307 #       A: de l'Atlantique      Atlantic
1308 #       C: du Centre            Central
1309 #       E: de l'Est             Eastern
1310 #       M:                      Mountain
1311 #       N:                      Newfoundland
1312 #       P: du Pacifique         Pacific
1313 #       R: des Rocheuses
1314 #       T: de Terre-Neuve
1315 #       Y: du Yukon             Yukon
1316 #
1317 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
1318 # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
1319 
1320 # Unless otherwise specified, the data entries for Canada are all from Shanks
1321 # & Pottenger.
1322 
1323 # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
1324 # 2007-03-01):
1325 # The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
1326 # adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
1327 # U.S. and the rest of Canada....
1328 # https://archive.news.gov.bc.ca/releases/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
1329 # ...
1330 # Nova Scotia
1331 # Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
1332 # https://www.novascotia.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
1333 #
1334 # [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
1335 # be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
1336 # https://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
1337 # ...
1338 # Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
1339 # As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
1340 # https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
1341 # ...
1342 # [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
1343 # http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
1344 # http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
1345 # http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
1346 # ...
1347 # P.E.I. will follow US rules....
1348 # http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
1349 # ...
1350 # Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
1351 # http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
1352 # ...
1353 # Yukon
1354 # https://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
1355 # ...
1356 # N.W.T. will follow US rules.  Whoever maintains the government web site
1357 # does not seem to believe in bookmarks.  To see the news release, click the
1358 # following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change".  Press the
1359 # "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
1360 # JavaScript.
1361 # http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
1362 # ...
1363 # Nunavut
1364 # An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
1365 # http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
1366 
1367 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-18):
1368 # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
1369 # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
1370 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp
1371 # contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
1372 # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
1373 #
1374 # National Research Council Canada maintains info about time zones and DST.
1375 # https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/time_zones.html
1376 # https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/faq/index.html#Q5
1377 # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
1378 
1379 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
1380 # For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
1381 # new US DST rules,
1382 
1383 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
1384 # In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
1385 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1386 # she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
1387 # The quote includes these two statements:
1388 # 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
1389 # '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,'
1390 # These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time
1391 # that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918.  This transition was
1392 # also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star.
1393 
1394 # In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed
1395 # Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
1396 # than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.
1397 
1398 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1399 Rule    Canada  1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1400 Rule    Canada  1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1401 Rule    Canada  1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1402 Rule    Canada  1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1403 Rule    Canada  1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
1404 Rule    Canada  1974    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1405 Rule    Canada  1974    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1406 Rule    Canada  1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
1407 Rule    Canada  2007    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
1408 Rule    Canada  2007    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1       2:00    0       S
1409 
1410 
1411 # Newfoundland and Labrador
1412 
1413 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-14):
1414 # Legally Labrador should observe Newfoundland time; see:
1415 # McLeod J. Labrador time - legal or not? St. John's Telegram, 2017-10-07
1416 # http://www.thetelegram.com/news/local/labrador-time--legal-or-not-154860/
1417 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that the only part of Labrador
1418 # that follows the rules is the southeast corner, including Port Hope
1419 # Simpson and Mary's Harbour, but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
1420 
1421 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1422 Rule    StJohns 1917    only    -       Apr      8      2:00    1:00    D
1423 Rule    StJohns 1917    only    -       Sep     17      2:00    0       S
1424 # Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1425 Rule    StJohns 1919    only    -       May      5      23:00   1:00    D
1426 Rule    StJohns 1919    only    -       Aug     12      23:00   0       S
1427 # For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1428 Rule    StJohns 1920    1935    -       May     Sun>=1       23:00   1:00    D
1429 Rule    StJohns 1920    1935    -       Oct     lastSun 23:00   0       S
1430 # For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
1431 # Pottenger.
1432 Rule    StJohns 1936    1941    -       May     Mon>=9       0:00    1:00    D
1433 Rule    StJohns 1936    1941    -       Oct     Mon>=2       0:00    0       S
1434 # Whitman gives the following transitions:
1435 # 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
1436 # but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
1437 # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
1438 # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1439 Rule    StJohns 1946    1950    -       May     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
1440 Rule    StJohns 1946    1950    -       Oct     Sun>=2       2:00    0       S
1441 Rule    StJohns 1951    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1442 Rule    StJohns 1951    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1443 Rule    StJohns 1960    1986    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1444 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1445 # INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
1446 # at 00:01 local time.  For now, assume it started in 1987.
1447 
1448 # From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12):
1449 # We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the
1450 # changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed.
1451 # The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings
1452 # Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
1453 # now occurs at 2:00AM.
1454 # ...
1455 # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
1456 # ...
1457 # MICHAEL PELLEY  |  Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
1458 # Office of the Chief Information Officer
1459 # Executive Council
1460 # Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
1461 
1462 Rule    StJohns 1987    only    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:01    1:00    D
1463 Rule    StJohns 1987    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:01    0       S
1464 Rule    StJohns 1988    only    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:01    2:00    DD
1465 Rule    StJohns 1989    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:01    1:00    D
1466 Rule    StJohns 2007    2011    -       Mar     Sun>=8       0:01    1:00    D
1467 Rule    StJohns 2007    2010    -       Nov     Sun>=1       0:01    0       S
1468 #
1469 # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
1470 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1471 Zone America/St_Johns   -3:30:52 -      LMT     1884
1472                         -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT   1918
1473                         -3:30:52 Canada N%sT    1919
1474                         -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT   1935 Mar 30
1475                         -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1942 May 11
1476                         -3:30   Canada  N%sT    1946
1477                         -3:30   StJohns N%sT    2011 Nov
1478                         -3:30   Canada  N%sT
1479 
1480 # most of east Labrador
1481 
1482 # The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'.
1483 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1484 Zone America/Goose_Bay  -4:01:40 -      LMT     1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
1485                         -3:30:52 -      NST     1918
1486                         -3:30:52 Canada N%sT    1919
1487                         -3:30:52 -      NST     1935 Mar 30
1488                         -3:30   -       NST     1936
1489                         -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1942 May 11
1490                         -3:30   Canada  N%sT    1946
1491                         -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1966 Mar 15  2:00
1492                         -4:00   StJohns A%sT    2011 Nov
1493                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1494 
1495 
1496 # west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I,
1497 # Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Listuguj reserve
1498 
1499 # From Brian Inglis (2015-07-20):
1500 # From the historical weather station records available at:
1501 # https://weatherspark.com/history/28351/1971/Sydney-Nova-Scotia-Canada
1502 # Sydney shares the same time history as Glace Bay, so was
1503 # likely to be the same across the island....
1504 # Sydney, as the capital and most populous location, or Cape Breton, would
1505 # have been better names for the zone had we known this in 1996.
1506 
1507 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-20):
1508 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
1509 # Halifax.  Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
1510 # the Cape Breton area, represented by Glace Bay, is the largest we know of
1511 # (Glace Bay was perhaps not the best name choice but no point changing now).
1512 # Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
1513 # in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
1514 # this is a typo.
1515 
1516 # From Jeffery Nichols (2020-01-09):
1517 # America/Halifax ... also applies to Îles-de-la-Madeleine and the Listuguj
1518 # reserve in Quebec. Officially, this came into effect on January 1, 2007
1519 # (Legal Time Act, CQLR c T-5.1), but the legislative debates surrounding that
1520 # bill say that it is "accommodating the customs and practices" of those
1521 # regions, which suggests that they have always been in-line with Halifax.
1522 
1523 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1524 Rule    Halifax 1916    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    D
1525 Rule    Halifax 1916    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       S
1526 Rule    Halifax 1920    only    -       May      9      0:00    1:00    D
1527 Rule    Halifax 1920    only    -       Aug     29      0:00    0       S
1528 Rule    Halifax 1921    only    -       May      6      0:00    1:00    D
1529 Rule    Halifax 1921    1922    -       Sep      5      0:00    0       S
1530 Rule    Halifax 1922    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    D
1531 Rule    Halifax 1923    1925    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
1532 Rule    Halifax 1923    only    -       Sep      4      0:00    0       S
1533 Rule    Halifax 1924    only    -       Sep     15      0:00    0       S
1534 Rule    Halifax 1925    only    -       Sep     28      0:00    0       S
1535 Rule    Halifax 1926    only    -       May     16      0:00    1:00    D
1536 Rule    Halifax 1926    only    -       Sep     13      0:00    0       S
1537 Rule    Halifax 1927    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
1538 Rule    Halifax 1927    only    -       Sep     26      0:00    0       S
1539 Rule    Halifax 1928    1931    -       May     Sun>=8       0:00    1:00    D
1540 Rule    Halifax 1928    only    -       Sep      9      0:00    0       S
1541 Rule    Halifax 1929    only    -       Sep      3      0:00    0       S
1542 Rule    Halifax 1930    only    -       Sep     15      0:00    0       S
1543 Rule    Halifax 1931    1932    -       Sep     Mon>=24      0:00    0       S
1544 Rule    Halifax 1932    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
1545 Rule    Halifax 1933    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    D
1546 Rule    Halifax 1933    only    -       Oct      2      0:00    0       S
1547 Rule    Halifax 1934    only    -       May     20      0:00    1:00    D
1548 Rule    Halifax 1934    only    -       Sep     16      0:00    0       S
1549 Rule    Halifax 1935    only    -       Jun      2      0:00    1:00    D
1550 Rule    Halifax 1935    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    0       S
1551 Rule    Halifax 1936    only    -       Jun      1      0:00    1:00    D
1552 Rule    Halifax 1936    only    -       Sep     14      0:00    0       S
1553 Rule    Halifax 1937    1938    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
1554 Rule    Halifax 1937    1941    -       Sep     Mon>=24      0:00    0       S
1555 Rule    Halifax 1939    only    -       May     28      0:00    1:00    D
1556 Rule    Halifax 1940    1941    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
1557 Rule    Halifax 1946    1949    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1558 Rule    Halifax 1946    1949    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1559 Rule    Halifax 1951    1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1560 Rule    Halifax 1951    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1561 Rule    Halifax 1956    1959    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1562 Rule    Halifax 1956    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1563 Rule    Halifax 1962    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1564 Rule    Halifax 1962    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1565 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1566 Zone America/Halifax    -4:14:24 -      LMT     1902 Jun 15
1567                         -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1918
1568                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1919
1569                         -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1570                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1946
1571                         -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1974
1572                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1573 Zone America/Glace_Bay  -3:59:48 -      LMT     1902 Jun 15
1574                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1953
1575                         -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1954
1576                         -4:00   -       AST     1972
1577                         -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1974
1578                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1579 
1580 # New Brunswick
1581 
1582 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
1583 # The Time Definition Act <http://www.gnb.ca/0062/PDF-acts/t-06.pdf>
1584 # says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
1585 # <http://www.canlii.org/nb/laws/sta/t-6/20030127/whole.html> makes it
1586 # clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
1587 # For now, assume it started in 1993.
1588 
1589 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1590 Rule    Moncton 1933    1935    -       Jun     Sun>=8       1:00    1:00    D
1591 Rule    Moncton 1933    1935    -       Sep     Sun>=8       1:00    0       S
1592 Rule    Moncton 1936    1938    -       Jun     Sun>=1       1:00    1:00    D
1593 Rule    Moncton 1936    1938    -       Sep     Sun>=1       1:00    0       S
1594 Rule    Moncton 1939    only    -       May     27      1:00    1:00    D
1595 Rule    Moncton 1939    1941    -       Sep     Sat>=21      1:00    0       S
1596 Rule    Moncton 1940    only    -       May     19      1:00    1:00    D
1597 Rule    Moncton 1941    only    -       May      4      1:00    1:00    D
1598 Rule    Moncton 1946    1972    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1599 Rule    Moncton 1946    1956    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1600 Rule    Moncton 1957    1972    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1601 Rule    Moncton 1993    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:01    1:00    D
1602 Rule    Moncton 1993    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:01    0       S
1603 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1604 Zone America/Moncton    -4:19:08 -      LMT     1883 Dec  9
1605                         -5:00   -       EST     1902 Jun 15
1606                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1933
1607                         -4:00   Moncton A%sT    1942
1608                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1946
1609                         -4:00   Moncton A%sT    1973
1610                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1993
1611                         -4:00   Moncton A%sT    2007
1612                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1613 
1614 # Quebec
1615 
1616 # From Paul Eggert (2020-01-10):
1617 # See America/Toronto for most of Quebec, including Montreal.
1618 # See America/Halifax for the Îles de la Madeleine and the Listuguj reserve.
1619 #
1620 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
1621 # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
1622 # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
1623 # The Quebec department of justice writes in
1624 # "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
1625 # https://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/en/department/ministre/functions-and-responsabilities/legal-time-in-quebec/the-situation-in-minganie-and-basse-cote-nord/
1626 # that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
1627 # observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
1628 # This common practice was codified into law as of 2007; see Legal Time Act,
1629 # CQLR c T-5.1 <http://legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/ShowDoc/cs/T-5.1>.
1630 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
1631 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
1632 
1633 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1634 Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 -    LMT     1884
1635                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1970
1636                         -4:00   -       AST
1637 
1638 # Ontario
1639 
1640 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1641 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1642 # Toronto.
1643 # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1644 # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1645 # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1646 # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
1647 
1648 # From Jeffery Nichols (2020-02-06):
1649 # According to the [Shanks] atlas, those western Ontario zones are huge,
1650 # covering most of Ontario northwest of Sault Ste Marie and Timmins.
1651 # The zones seem to include towns bigger than the ones they're named after,
1652 # like Dryden in America/Rainy_River and Wawa (and maybe Attawapiskat) in
1653 # America/Nipigon.  I assume it's too much trouble to change the name of the
1654 # zone (like when you found out that America/Glace_Bay includes Sydney, Nova
1655 # Scotia)....
1656 
1657 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1658 # [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
1659 # effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
1660 # Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
1661 # have already done so.  In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
1662 # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
1663 # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
1664 # only two weeks - I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
1665 # presumably that should be -07-06.  (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
1666 # earlier in June).
1667 #
1668 # Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
1669 #
1670 # From Paul Eggert (2017-07-08):
1671 # For more on Orillia, see: Daubs K. Bold attempt at daylight saving
1672 # time became a comic failure in Orillia. Toronto Star 2017-07-08.
1673 # https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2017/07/08/bold-attempt-at-daylight-saving-time-became-a-comic-failure-in-orillia.html
1674 
1675 # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
1676 # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
1677 # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
1678 # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
1679 # He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
1680 # http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
1681 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
1682 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
1683 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
1684 #
1685 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1686 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
1687 # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
1688 # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
1689 # violation of the official Ontario rules.
1690 #
1691 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1692 # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
1693 # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
1694 #
1695 #       The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
1696 #       This means they spend about half the time on central time and
1697 #       the other half on eastern time.
1698 #
1699 #       For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
1700 #
1701 #       "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
1702 #       Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
1703 #       said.  "I don't see any changes happening here."
1704 #
1705 # Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
1706 # [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
1707 
1708 # From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
1709 # I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
1710 # and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
1711 # can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
1712 # time keeping since 1952, at least.
1713 
1714 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
1715 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
1716 # ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
1717 # McKinnon sounds more authoritative.  For now, assume that Atikokan
1718 # switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
1719 # ended.  This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
1720 # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
1721 # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
1722 
1723 # From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
1724 #
1725 # Currently the database has:
1726 #
1727 # # Ontario
1728 #
1729 # # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1730 # # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1731 # # Toronto.
1732 # # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1733 # # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1734 # # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1735 #
1736 # In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom
1737 # right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard
1738 # time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that:
1739 #
1740 #     The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
1741 #     except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
1742 #
1743 # Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
1744 #
1745 # I only came across this incidentally.  I don't know if Windsor began
1746 # observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
1747 #
1748 # By the way, the article continues by noting that:
1749 #
1750 #     Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
1751 #     three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
1752 
1753 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
1754 #
1755 # "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
1756 # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
1757 # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
1758 # was available at
1759 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
1760 #
1761 # It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
1762 #
1763 #   A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
1764 # require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
1765 # the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
1766 # and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
1767 # ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
1768 # for the other provinces only approximate:
1769 #
1770 #       Province        Daylight saving time used
1771 # Prince Edward Island  Not used.
1772 # Nova Scotia           In Halifax only.
1773 # New Brunswick         In St. John only.
1774 # Quebec                In the following places:
1775 #                       Montreal        Lachine
1776 #                       Quebec          Mont-Royal
1777 #                       Lévis          Iberville
1778 #                       St. Lambert     Cap de la Madelèine
1779 #                       Verdun          Loretteville
1780 #                       Westmount       Richmond
1781 #                       Outremont       St. Jérôme
1782 #                       Longueuil       Greenfield Park
1783 #                       Arvida          Waterloo
1784 #                       Chambly-Canton  Beaulieu
1785 #                       Melbourne       La Tuque
1786 #                       St. Théophile  Buckingham
1787 # Ontario               Used generally in the cities and towns along
1788 #                       the southerly part of the province. Not
1789 #                       used in the northwesterly part.
1790 # Manitoba              Not used.
1791 # Saskatchewan          In Regina only.
1792 # Alberta               Not used.
1793 # British Columbia      Not used.
1794 #
1795 #   With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
1796 # to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
1797 
1798 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1799 Rule    Toronto 1919    only    -       Mar     30      23:30   1:00    D
1800 Rule    Toronto 1919    only    -       Oct     26      0:00    0       S
1801 Rule    Toronto 1920    only    -       May      2      2:00    1:00    D
1802 Rule    Toronto 1920    only    -       Sep     26      0:00    0       S
1803 Rule    Toronto 1921    only    -       May     15      2:00    1:00    D
1804 Rule    Toronto 1921    only    -       Sep     15      2:00    0       S
1805 Rule    Toronto 1922    1923    -       May     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
1806 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
1807 # was meant.
1808 Rule    Toronto 1922    1926    -       Sep     Sun>=15      2:00    0       S
1809 Rule    Toronto 1924    1927    -       May     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
1810 Rule    Toronto 1927    1937    -       Sep     Sun>=25      2:00    0       S
1811 Rule    Toronto 1928    1937    -       Apr     Sun>=25      2:00    1:00    D
1812 Rule    Toronto 1938    1940    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1813 Rule    Toronto 1938    1939    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1814 Rule    Toronto 1945    1946    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1815 Rule    Toronto 1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1816 Rule    Toronto 1947    1949    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
1817 Rule    Toronto 1947    1948    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
1818 Rule    Toronto 1949    only    -       Nov     lastSun 0:00    0       S
1819 Rule    Toronto 1950    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1820 Rule    Toronto 1950    only    -       Nov     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1821 Rule    Toronto 1951    1956    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1822 # Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971,
1823 # namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this
1824 # is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30
1825 # Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual.
1826 Rule    Toronto 1957    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1827 
1828 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1829 # Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
1830 # Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
1831 # operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
1832 # Saskatchewan, for one year."
1833 
1834 # From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
1835 # Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
1836 # There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
1837 # savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
1838 # before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
1839 # Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
1840 # include the Thunder Bay area....  When Canada adopted daylight
1841 # savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
1842 # already, did not change their clocks....  During the Second World
1843 # War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
1844 # months for the remainder of the war years.
1845 
1846 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1847 Zone America/Toronto    -5:17:32 -      LMT     1895
1848                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1919
1849                         -5:00   Toronto E%sT    1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1850                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1946
1851                         -5:00   Toronto E%sT    1974
1852                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT
1853 Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 -     LMT     1895
1854                         -6:00   -       CST     1910
1855                         -5:00   -       EST     1942
1856                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1970
1857                         -5:00   Toronto E%sT    1973
1858                         -5:00   -       EST     1974
1859                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT
1860 Zone America/Nipigon    -5:53:04 -      LMT     1895
1861                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1940 Sep 29
1862                         -5:00   1:00    EDT     1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1863                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT
1864 Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 -     LMT     1895
1865                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1940 Sep 29
1866                         -6:00   1:00    CDT     1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1867                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT
1868 Zone America/Atikokan   -6:06:28 -      LMT     1895
1869                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1940 Sep 29
1870                         -6:00   1:00    CDT     1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1871                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1945 Sep 30  2:00
1872                         -5:00   -       EST
1873 
1874 
1875 # Manitoba
1876 
1877 # From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
1878 # the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
1879 # March 27, 1987 ... said ...
1880 # "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
1881 # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
1882 # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
1883 # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
1884 # I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had
1885 # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
1886 # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
1887 # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
1888 # the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
1889 # Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
1890 
1891 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
1892 # Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
1893 # starting 1966.  Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
1894 # it was also 02:00s in 1966.
1895 
1896 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1897 Rule    Winn    1916    only    -       Apr     23      0:00    1:00    D
1898 Rule    Winn    1916    only    -       Sep     17      0:00    0       S
1899 Rule    Winn    1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1900 Rule    Winn    1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1901 Rule    Winn    1937    only    -       May     16      2:00    1:00    D
1902 Rule    Winn    1937    only    -       Sep     26      2:00    0       S
1903 Rule    Winn    1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1904 Rule    Winn    1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1905 Rule    Winn    1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1906 Rule    Winn    1946    only    -       May     12      2:00    1:00    D
1907 Rule    Winn    1946    only    -       Oct     13      2:00    0       S
1908 Rule    Winn    1947    1949    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1909 Rule    Winn    1947    1949    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1910 Rule    Winn    1950    only    -       May      1      2:00    1:00    D
1911 Rule    Winn    1950    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
1912 Rule    Winn    1951    1960    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1913 Rule    Winn    1951    1958    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1914 Rule    Winn    1959    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1915 Rule    Winn    1960    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1916 Rule    Winn    1963    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1917 Rule    Winn    1963    only    -       Sep     22      2:00    0       S
1918 Rule    Winn    1966    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00s   1:00    D
1919 Rule    Winn    1966    2005    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00s   0       S
1920 Rule    Winn    1987    2005    -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00s   1:00    D
1921 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1922 Zone America/Winnipeg   -6:28:36 -      LMT     1887 Jul 16
1923                         -6:00   Winn    C%sT    2006
1924                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT
1925 
1926 
1927 # Saskatchewan
1928 
1929 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1930 # The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
1931 # level.  As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
1932 # elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
1933 # the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
1934 # DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
1935 # presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
1936 # the summer".  The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
1937 # time was noted.
1938 
1939 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1940 # Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
1941 # City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
1942 
1943 # From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25):
1944 # Pearce's book says Regina observed DST in 1914-1917.  No dates and times,
1945 # unfortunately.  It also says that in 1914 Saskatoon observed DST
1946 # from 1 June to 6 July, and that DST was also tried out in Davidson,
1947 # Melfort, and Prince Albert.
1948 
1949 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1950 # Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
1951 # Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
1952 # Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
1953 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
1954 # are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.
1955 
1956 # From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
1957 # The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
1958 # provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
1959 # A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
1960 # since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
1961 #
1962 # Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
1963 # the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
1964 # their affiliations in one direction or the other.  In 1965 a provincial
1965 # referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
1966 #
1967 # On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
1968 # Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
1969 # part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
1970 # northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
1971 # follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
1972 # zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
1973 # by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
1974 #
1975 # It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
1976 # on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
1977 # serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
1978 # a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
1979 # rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
1980 # since sometime in the 1960s.
1981 
1982 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1983 # The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages
1984 # long and rather painful to read.
1985 # http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
1986 
1987 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1988 Rule    Regina  1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1989 Rule    Regina  1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1990 Rule    Regina  1930    1934    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
1991 Rule    Regina  1930    1934    -       Oct     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
1992 Rule    Regina  1937    1941    -       Apr     Sun>=8       0:00    1:00    D
1993 Rule    Regina  1937    only    -       Oct     Sun>=8       0:00    0       S
1994 Rule    Regina  1938    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
1995 Rule    Regina  1939    1941    -       Oct     Sun>=8       0:00    0       S
1996 Rule    Regina  1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1997 Rule    Regina  1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1998 Rule    Regina  1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1999 Rule    Regina  1946    only    -       Apr     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
2000 Rule    Regina  1946    only    -       Oct     Sun>=8       2:00    0       S
2001 Rule    Regina  1947    1957    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2002 Rule    Regina  1947    1957    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2003 Rule    Regina  1959    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2004 Rule    Regina  1959    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2005 #
2006 Rule    Swift   1957    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2007 Rule    Swift   1957    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2008 Rule    Swift   1959    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2009 Rule    Swift   1959    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2010 Rule    Swift   1960    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2011 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2012 Zone America/Regina     -6:58:36 -      LMT     1905 Sep
2013                         -7:00   Regina  M%sT    1960 Apr lastSun  2:00
2014                         -6:00   -       CST
2015 Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 -   LMT     1905 Sep
2016                         -7:00   Canada  M%sT    1946 Apr lastSun  2:00
2017                         -7:00   Regina  M%sT    1950
2018                         -7:00   Swift   M%sT    1972 Apr lastSun  2:00
2019                         -6:00   -       CST
2020 
2021 
2022 # Alberta
2023 
2024 # From Alois Triendl (2019-07-19):
2025 # There was no DST in Alberta in 1967... Calgary Herald, 29 April 1967.
2026 # 1969, no DST, from Edmonton Journal 18 April 1969
2027 #
2028 # From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25):
2029 # Pearce's book says that Alberta's 1948 Daylight Saving Act required
2030 # Mountain Standard Time without DST, and that "anyone who broke that law
2031 # could be fined up to $25 and costs".  There seems to be no record of
2032 # anybody paying the fine.  The law was not changed until an August 1971
2033 # plebiscite reinstituted DST in 1972.  This story is also mentioned in:
2034 # Boyer JP. Forcing Choice: The Risky Reward of Referendums. Dundum. 2017.
2035 # ISBN 978-1459739123.
2036 
2037 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2038 Rule    Edm     1918    1919    -       Apr     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
2039 Rule    Edm     1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
2040 Rule    Edm     1919    only    -       May     27      2:00    0       S
2041 Rule    Edm     1920    1923    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2042 Rule    Edm     1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2043 Rule    Edm     1921    1923    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2044 Rule    Edm     1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
2045 Rule    Edm     1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
2046 Rule    Edm     1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2047 Rule    Edm     1947    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2048 Rule    Edm     1947    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2049 Rule    Edm     1972    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2050 Rule    Edm     1972    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2051 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2052 Zone America/Edmonton   -7:33:52 -      LMT     1906 Sep
2053                         -7:00   Edm     M%sT    1987
2054                         -7:00   Canada  M%sT
2055 
2056 
2057 # British Columbia
2058 
2059 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2060 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
2061 # been like Vancouver.
2062 # Dawson Creek uses MST.  Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
2063 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
2064 
2065 # It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
2066 
2067 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
2068 # There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
2069 # that do not currently observe daylight saving:
2070 # a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
2071 # b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
2072 # (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
2073 
2074 # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
2075 # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
2076 # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
2077 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
2078 # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
2079 # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UT-7 for 93 years.
2080 # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
2081 
2082 # Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
2083 # unknown and will be difficult to ascertain.  I e-mailed Tammy a few months
2084 # ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess.  She said it was just
2085 # as plausible as any other date (in June).  She also said that after writing
2086 # the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
2087 # subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
2088 # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
2089 
2090 # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
2091 # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
2092 # Exact date unknown
2093 # 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
2094 # Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
2095 # 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
2096 # Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
2097 # note 1:
2098 # On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
2099 # Creston did not change its clocks.
2100 # note 2:
2101 # During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
2102 # Creston did not oblige.
2103 # note 3:
2104 # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
2105 # (UTC-7) forever.
2106 # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
2107 # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
2108 
2109 # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
2110 # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
2111 # summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
2112 # the change.  It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
2113 # period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
2114 # (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
2115 
2116 # The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
2117 
2118 # From Matt Johnson (2015-09-21):
2119 # Fort Nelson, BC, Canada will cancel DST this year.  So while previously they
2120 # were aligned with America/Vancouver, they're now aligned with
2121 # America/Dawson_Creek.
2122 # http://www.northernrockies.ca/EN/meta/news/archives/2015/northern-rockies-time-change.html
2123 #
2124 # From Tim Parenti (2015-09-23):
2125 # This requires a new zone for the Northern Rockies Regional Municipality,
2126 # America/Fort_Nelson.  The resolution of 2014-12-08 was reached following a
2127 # 2014-11-15 poll with nearly 75% support.  Effectively, the municipality has
2128 # been on MST (-0700) like Dawson Creek since it advanced its clocks on
2129 # 2015-03-08.
2130 #
2131 # From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25):
2132 # Shanks says Fort Nelson did not observe DST in 1946, unlike Vancouver.
2133 # Alois Triendl confirmed this on 07-22, citing the 1946-04-27 Vancouver Daily
2134 # Province.  He also cited the 1946-09-28 Victoria Daily Times, which said
2135 # that Vancouver, Victoria, etc. "change at midnight Saturday"; for now,
2136 # guess they meant 02:00 Sunday since 02:00 was common practice in Vancouver.
2137 #
2138 # Early Vancouver, Volume Four, by Major J.S. Matthews, V.D., 2011 edition
2139 # says that a 1922 plebiscite adopted DST, but a 1923 plebiscite rejected it.
2140 # http://former.vancouver.ca/ctyclerk/archives/digitized/EarlyVan/SearchEarlyVan/Vol4pdf/MatthewsEarlyVancouverVol4_DaylightSavings.pdf
2141 # A catalog entry for a newspaper clipping seems to indicate that Vancouver
2142 # observed DST in 1941 from 07-07 through 09-27; see
2143 # https://searcharchives.vancouver.ca/daylight-saving-1918-starts-again-july-7-1941-start-d-s-sept-27-end-of-d-s-1941
2144 # We have no further details, so omit them for now.
2145 
2146 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2147 Rule    Vanc    1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
2148 Rule    Vanc    1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
2149 Rule    Vanc    1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
2150 Rule    Vanc    1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
2151 Rule    Vanc    1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
2152 Rule    Vanc    1946    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2153 Rule    Vanc    1946    only    -       Sep     29      2:00    0       S
2154 Rule    Vanc    1947    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2155 Rule    Vanc    1962    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2156 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2157 Zone America/Vancouver  -8:12:28 -      LMT     1884
2158                         -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1987
2159                         -8:00   Canada  P%sT
2160 Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 -    LMT     1884
2161                         -8:00   Canada  P%sT    1947
2162                         -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1972 Aug 30  2:00
2163                         -7:00   -       MST
2164 Zone America/Fort_Nelson        -8:10:47 -      LMT     1884
2165                         -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1946
2166                         -8:00   -       PST     1947
2167                         -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1987
2168                         -8:00   Canada  P%sT    2015 Mar  8  2:00
2169                         -7:00   -       MST
2170 Zone America/Creston    -7:46:04 -      LMT     1884
2171                         -7:00   -       MST     1916 Oct 1
2172                         -8:00   -       PST     1918 Jun 2
2173                         -7:00   -       MST
2174 
2175 # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
2176 
2177 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2178 # Dawson switched to PST in 1973.  Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
2179 # Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
2180 #       * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
2181 #       c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9....
2182 #       see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
2183 #       [https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/laws/stat/rsc-1985-c-i-21/latest/rsc-1985-c-i-21.html]
2184 #       * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
2185 #       * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
2186 #       * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
2187 
2188 # From Brian Inglis (2015-04-14):
2189 #
2190 # I tried to trace the history of Yukon time and found the following
2191 # regulations, giving the reference title and URL if found, regulation name,
2192 # and relevant quote if available.  Each regulation specifically revokes its
2193 # predecessor.  The final reference is to the current Interpretation Act
2194 # authorizing and resulting from these regulatory changes.
2195 #
2196 # Only recent regulations were retrievable via Yukon government site search or
2197 # index, and only some via Canadian legal sources.  Other sources used include
2198 # articles titled "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" from JRASC via ADS
2199 # Abstracts, cited by ADO for 1932 ..., and updated versions from 1958 and
2200 # 1970 quoted below; each article includes current extracts from provincial
2201 # and territorial ST and DST regulations at the end, summaries and details of
2202 # standard times and daylight saving time at many locations across Canada,
2203 # with time zone maps, tables and calculations for Canadian Sunrise, Sunset,
2204 # and LMST; they also cover many countries and global locations, with a chart
2205 # and table showing current Universal Time offsets, and may be useful as
2206 # another source of information for 1970 and earlier.
2207 #
2208 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; JRASC, Vol. 26,
2209 #   pp.49-77; February 1932; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
2210 #   http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932JRASC..26...49S from p.75:
2211 #   Yukon Interpretation Ordinance
2212 #   Yukon standard time is the local mean time at the one hundred and
2213 #   thirty-fifth meridian.
2214 #
2215 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; Thomson, Malcolm M.;
2216 #   JRASC, Vol. 52, pp.193-223; October 1958; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System
2217 #   (ADS) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1958JRASC..52..193S from pp.220-1:
2218 #   Yukon Interpretation Ordinance, 1955, Chap. 16.
2219 #
2220 #     (1) Subject to this section, standard time shall be reckoned as nine
2221 #     hours behind Greenwich Time and called Yukon Standard Time.
2222 #
2223 #     (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Commissioner may make regulations
2224 #     varying the manner of reckoning standard time.
2225 #
2226 # * Yukon Territory Commissioner's Order 1966-20 Interpretation Ordinance
2227 #   [no online source found]
2228 #
2229 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Thomson, Malcolm M.; JRASC,
2230 #   Vol. 64, pp.129-162; June 1970; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
2231 #   http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970JRASC..64..129T from p.156: Yukon
2232 #   Territory Commissioner's Order 1967-59 Interpretation Ordinance ...
2233 #
2234 #     1. Commissioner's Order 1966-20 dated at Whitehorse in the Yukon
2235 #     Territory on 27th January, 1966, is hereby revoked.
2236 #
2237 #     2. Yukon (East) Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the
2238 #     Interpretation Ordinance from and after mid-night on the 28th day of May,
2239 #     1967 shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that
2240 #     is to say, eight hours behind Greenwich Time in the area of the Yukon
2241 #     Territory lying east of the 138th degree longitude west.
2242 #
2243 #     3. In the remainder of the Territory, lying west of the 138th degree
2244 #     longitude west, Yukon (West) Standard Time shall be reckoned as nine
2245 #     hours behind Greenwich Time.
2246 #
2247 # * Yukon Standard Time defined as Pacific Standard Time, YCO 1973/214
2248 #   https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yco-1973-214/latest/yco-1973-214.html
2249 #   C.O. 1973/214 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
2250 #
2251 #     1. Effective October 28, 1973 Commissioner's Order 1967/59 is hereby
2252 #     revoked.
2253 #
2254 #     2. Yukon Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the Interpretation
2255 #     Act from and after midnight on the twenty-eighth day of October, 1973
2256 #     shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that is
2257 #     to say eight hours behind Greenwich Time.
2258 #
2259 # * O.I.C. 1980/02 INTERPRETATION ACT
2260 #   [no online source found]
2261 #
2262 # * Yukon Daylight Saving Time, YOIC 1987/56
2263 #   https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-1987-56/latest/yoic-1987-56.html
2264 #   O.I.C. 1987/056 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
2265 #
2266 #   In every year between
2267 #     (a) two o'clock in the morning in the first Sunday in April, and
2268 #     (b) two o'clock in the morning in the last Sunday in October,
2269 #   Standard Time shall be reckoned as seven hours behind Greenwich Time and
2270 #   called Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
2271 #   ...
2272 #   Dated ... 9th day of March, A.D., 1987.
2273 #
2274 # * Yukon Daylight Saving Time 2006, YOIC 2006/127
2275 #   https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-2006-127/latest/yoic-2006-127.html
2276 #   O.I.C. 2006/127 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
2277 #
2278 #     1. In Yukon each year the time for general purposes shall be 7 hours
2279 #     behind Greenwich mean time during the period commencing at two o'clock
2280 #     in the forenoon on the second Sunday of March and ending at two o'clock
2281 #     in the forenoon on the first Sunday of November and shall be called
2282 #     Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
2283 #
2284 #     2. Order-in-Council 1987/56 is revoked.
2285 #
2286 #     3. This order comes into force January 1, 2007.
2287 #
2288 # * Interpretation Act, RSY 2002, c 125
2289 # https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/stat/rsy-2002-c-125/latest/rsy-2002-c-125.html
2290 
2291 # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
2292 # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
2293 # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
2294 # http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html
2295 #
2296 # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
2297 # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
2298 # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
2299 
2300 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2301 # Basic Facts: The New Territory
2302 # http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html
2303 # (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
2304 # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST.  We don't know when
2305 # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
2306 
2307 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
2308 # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
2309 # Pangnirtung wobbled.  Here is the result of their wobble:
2310 #
2311 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
2312 #
2313 #       First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
2314 #       Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
2315 #
2316 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
2317 #
2318 #       Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
2319 #
2320 # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
2321 # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
2322 # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
2323 # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
2324 # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
2325 # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
2326 # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
2327 # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
2328 # the current state of affairs.
2329 
2330 # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
2331 # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
2332 # http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html
2333 # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
2334 # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
2335 # for municipal offices and schools....  Igloolik [was similar but then]
2336 # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
2337 
2338 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
2339 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
2340 # for these potential new Zones.
2341 #
2342 # The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
2343 # handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
2344 # zone] skip daylight savings.  Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
2345 # Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
2346 # Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
2347 # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
2348 # required to use daylight savings.
2349 
2350 # From <http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html>
2351 # Nunavut now has two time zones (2000-11-10):
2352 # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
2353 # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
2354 # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
2355 # At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
2356 # Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
2357 # the rest of the territory for the winter.  Cambridge Bay remained on
2358 # central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
2359 # mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
2360 # unified time zone in 1999.
2361 #
2362 # From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
2363 # The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
2364 
2365 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
2366 # Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
2367 
2368 # From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
2369 # The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
2370 # that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
2371 # back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern).  Of the
2372 # cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
2373 # has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round.  I'm
2374 # checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
2375 # more.
2376 # [Also see <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt10309_06.html> (2001-03-09).]
2377 
2378 # From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
2379 # According to ...
2380 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
2381 # (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
2382 # for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
2383 # round.  Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
2384 # I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
2385 # predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
2386 # The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
2387 #
2388 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-17):
2389 # For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
2390 # daylight saving only during wartime.  Gwillim Law's email also
2391 # mentioned maps now maintained by National Research Council Canada;
2392 # see above for an up-to-date link.
2393 
2394 # From Chris Walton (2007-03-01):
2395 # ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in
2396 # Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November.
2397 # Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of
2398 # daylight saving....
2399 # http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html
2400 
2401 # From Chris Walton (2011-03-21):
2402 # Back in 2007 I initiated the creation of a new "zone file" for Resolute
2403 # Bay. Resolute Bay is a small community located about 900km north of
2404 # the Arctic Circle. The zone file was required because Resolute Bay had
2405 # decided to use UTC-5 instead of UTC-6 for the winter of 2006-2007.
2406 #
2407 # According to new information which I received last week, Resolute Bay
2408 # went back to using UTC-6 in the winter of 2007-2008...
2409 #
2410 # On March 11/2007 most of Canada went onto daylight saving. On March
2411 # 14/2007 I phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office to do a "time check." I
2412 # talked to somebody that was both knowledgeable and helpful. I was able
2413 # to confirm that Resolute Bay was still operating on UTC-5. It was
2414 # explained to me that Resolute Bay had been on the Eastern Time zone
2415 # (EST) in the winter, and was now back on the Central Time zone (CDT).
2416 # i.e. the time zone had changed twice in the last year but the clocks
2417 # had not moved. The residents had to know which time zone they were in
2418 # so they could follow the correct TV schedule...
2419 #
2420 # On Nov 02/2008 most of Canada went onto standard time. On Nov 03/2008 I
2421 # phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature
2422 # of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of
2423 # information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of
2424 # Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for
2425 # Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived
2426 # and worked in Resolute Bay...
2427 #
2428 # On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that
2429 # Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of
2430 # 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead
2431 # on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay
2432 # had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not
2433 # tell me when the practice had stopped.
2434 #
2435 # On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of
2436 # somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went
2437 # off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz
2438 # used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
2439 # businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
2440 # Aziz:
2441 # http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
2442 #
2443 # I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
2444 # Eastern Standard Time.
2445 #
2446 # Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the
2447 # 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way
2448 # of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in
2449 # the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs"
2450 #
2451 # This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008.
2452 #
2453 # I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz
2454 # responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You
2455 # may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a
2456 # search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site"
2457 #
2458 # If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would
2459 # never have contacted her.  I now believe that all the information I
2460 # obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
2461 # I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.
2462 
2463 # From Tim Parenti (2020-03-05):
2464 # The government of Yukon announced [yesterday] the cessation of seasonal time
2465 # changes.  "After clocks are pushed ahead one hour on March 8, the territory
2466 # will remain on [UTC-07].  ... [The government] found 93 per cent of
2467 # respondents wanted to end seasonal time changes and, of that group, 70 per
2468 # cent wanted 'permanent Pacific Daylight Saving Time.'"
2469 # https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/yukon-end-daylight-saving-time-1.5486358
2470 #
2471 # Although the government press release prefers PDT, we prefer MST for
2472 # consistency with nearby Dawson Creek, Creston, and Fort Nelson.
2473 # https://yukon.ca/en/news/yukon-end-seasonal-time-change
2474 
2475 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2476 Rule    NT_YK   1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
2477 Rule    NT_YK   1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
2478 Rule    NT_YK   1919    only    -       May     25      2:00    1:00    D
2479 Rule    NT_YK   1919    only    -       Nov      1      0:00    0       S
2480 Rule    NT_YK   1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
2481 Rule    NT_YK   1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
2482 Rule    NT_YK   1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
2483 Rule    NT_YK   1965    only    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    2:00    DD
2484 Rule    NT_YK   1965    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2485 Rule    NT_YK   1980    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2486 Rule    NT_YK   1980    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2487 Rule    NT_YK   1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
2488 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2489 # aka Panniqtuuq
2490 Zone America/Pangnirtung 0      -       -00     1921 # trading post est.
2491                         -4:00   NT_YK   A%sT    1995 Apr Sun>=1  2:00
2492                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1999 Oct 31  2:00
2493                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2494                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT
2495 # formerly Frobisher Bay
2496 Zone America/Iqaluit    0       -       -00     1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
2497                         -5:00   NT_YK   E%sT    1999 Oct 31  2:00
2498                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2499                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT
2500 # aka Qausuittuq
2501 Zone America/Resolute   0       -       -00     1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
2502                         -6:00   NT_YK   C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2503                         -5:00   -       EST     2001 Apr  1  3:00
2504                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2006 Oct 29  2:00
2505                         -5:00   -       EST     2007 Mar 11  3:00
2506                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT
2507 # aka Kangiqiniq
2508 Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0     -       -00     1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
2509                         -6:00   NT_YK   C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2510                         -5:00   -       EST     2001 Apr  1  3:00
2511                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT
2512 # aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
2513 Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0    -       -00     1920 # trading post est.?
2514                         -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT    1999 Oct 31  2:00
2515                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2516                         -5:00   -       EST     2000 Nov  5  0:00
2517                         -6:00   -       CST     2001 Apr  1  3:00
2518                         -7:00   Canada  M%sT
2519 Zone America/Yellowknife 0      -       -00     1935 # Yellowknife founded?
2520                         -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT    1980
2521                         -7:00   Canada  M%sT
2522 Zone America/Inuvik     0       -       -00     1953 # Inuvik founded
2523                         -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1979 Apr lastSun  2:00
2524                         -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT    1980
2525                         -7:00   Canada  M%sT
2526 Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 -      LMT     1900 Aug 20
2527                         -9:00   NT_YK   Y%sT    1967 May 28  0:00
2528                         -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1980
2529                         -8:00   Canada  P%sT    2020 Mar  8  2:00
2530                         -7:00   -       MST
2531 Zone America/Dawson     -9:17:40 -      LMT     1900 Aug 20
2532                         -9:00   NT_YK   Y%sT    1973 Oct 28  0:00
2533                         -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1980
2534                         -8:00   Canada  P%sT    2020 Mar  8  2:00
2535                         -7:00   -       MST
2536 
2537 
2538 ###############################################################################
2539 
2540 # Mexico
2541 
2542 # From Paul Eggert (2014-12-07):
2543 # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
2544 # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
2545 # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
2546 # http://www.diputados.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/index.htm
2547 #
2548 # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
2549 # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
2550 # S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
2551 # S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
2552 # S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
2553 # S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
2554 
2555 # From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
2556 # There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
2557 # tz database.  I think they can best be explained by supposing that
2558 # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
2559 # the relevant documents.
2560 
2561 # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
2562 # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
2563 # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
2564 #
2565 # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
2566 #
2567 # I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
2568 # rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
2569 #
2570 # 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
2571 #    - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
2572 #    - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
2573 #    - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
2574 #
2575 # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
2576 #    at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
2577 #    BajaNorte: GMT+7
2578 #    BajaSur:   GMT+6
2579 #    General:   GMT+5
2580 #
2581 # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
2582 #    BajaNorte: GMT+8
2583 #    BajaSur:   GMT+7
2584 #    General:   GMT+6
2585 #
2586 # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
2587 #
2588 # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
2589 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
2590 # For an English translation of the decree, see
2591 # "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
2592 # http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html
2593 
2594 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
2595 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
2596 # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
2597 
2598 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
2599 # Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
2600 # zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
2601 # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
2602 # Arizona year round.
2603 
2604 # From Jesper Nørgaard, translating
2605 # <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
2606 # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
2607 # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
2608 # year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
2609 # whole year.
2610 
2611 # From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
2612 # <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says
2613 # (translated):...
2614 # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
2615 # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
2616 # this year....
2617 # http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001
2618 # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
2619 # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
2620 
2621 # From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
2622 # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
2623 # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
2624 # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
2625 # ... Mexico City Mayor López Obrador "...is threatening to keep
2626 # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
2627 # the rest of the country..." In particular, López Obrador would abolish
2628 # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
2629 
2630 # Official statute published by the Energy Department
2631 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre
2632 # (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
2633 # and Sonora with no DST.  This was reported by Jesper Nørgaard (2001-02-03).
2634 
2635 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
2636 #
2637 # https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-03-mn-32561-story.html
2638 # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
2639 # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
2640 # * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that
2641 #   the Federal District will not adopt DST.
2642 # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
2643 # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
2644 #   the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
2645 #
2646 # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
2647 
2648 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2001-04-01):
2649 # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
2650 # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
2651 # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
2652 # saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
2653 # (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
2654 # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
2655 # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
2656 # September 30, 2001.
2657 # References: "Diario de Monterrey" <http://www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
2658 # Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31)
2659 
2660 # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
2661 # Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
2662 # unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
2663 # capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
2664 # next year....  The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
2665 # a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
2666 # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
2667 # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
2668 
2669 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
2670 # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
2671 # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
2672 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
2673 # confirms this.  Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
2674 
2675 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
2676 #
2677 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2678 # > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
2679 # > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
2680 # > the United States.
2681 # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
2682 # 2010, some border regions will be the same:
2683 # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
2684 # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
2685 # (Spanish)
2686 #
2687 # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
2688 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
2689 # (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
2690 #
2691 # There is also a list of the votes here:
2692 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
2693 #
2694 # Our page:
2695 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
2696 
2697 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
2698 # The page
2699 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
2700 # includes this text:
2701 # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
2702 # Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
2703 # Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
2704 # Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
2705 # desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
2706 # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2707 # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
2708 # fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
2709 # internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
2710 # kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
2711 # interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
2712 # efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
2713 # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2714 
2715 # From Steffen Thorsen (2014-12-08), translated by Gwillim Law:
2716 # The Mexican state of Quintana Roo will likely change to EST in 2015.
2717 #
2718 # http://www.unioncancun.mx/articulo/2014/12/04/medio-ambiente/congreso-aprueba-una-hora-mas-de-sol-en-qroo
2719 # "With this change, the time conflict that has existed between the municipios
2720 # of Quintana Roo and the municipio of Felipe Carrillo Puerto may come to an
2721 # end. The latter declared itself in rebellion 15 years ago when a time change
2722 # was initiated in Mexico, and since then it has refused to change its time
2723 # zone along with the rest of the country."
2724 #
2725 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-01-14), translated by Gwillim Law:
2726 # http://sipse.com/novedades/confirman-aplicacion-de-nueva-zona-horaria-para-quintana-roo-132331.html
2727 # "...the new time zone will come into effect at two o'clock on the first Sunday
2728 # of February, when we will have to advance the clock one hour from its current
2729 # time..."
2730 # Also, the new zone will not use DST.
2731 #
2732 # From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2015-02-02):
2733 # The decree that modifies the Mexican Hour System Law has finally
2734 # been published at the Diario Oficial de la Federación
2735 # http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5380123&fecha=31/01/2015
2736 # It establishes 5 zones for Mexico:
2737 # 1- Zona Centro (Central Zone): Corresponds to longitude 90 W,
2738 #    includes most of Mexico, excluding what's mentioned below.
2739 # 2- Zona Pacífico (Pacific Zone): Longitude 105 W, includes the
2740 #    states of Baja California Sur; Chihuahua; Nayarit (excluding Bahía
2741 #    de Banderas which lies in Central Zone); Sinaloa and Sonora.
2742 # 3- Zona Noroeste (Northwest Zone): Longitude 120 W, includes the
2743 #    state of Baja California.
2744 # 4- Zona Sureste (Southeast Zone): Longitude 75 W, includes the state
2745 #    of Quintana Roo.
2746 # 5- The islands, reefs and keys shall take their timezone from the
2747 #    longitude they are located at.
2748 
2749 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2750 Rule    Mexico  1939    only    -       Feb     5       0:00    1:00    D
2751 Rule    Mexico  1939    only    -       Jun     25      0:00    0       S
2752 Rule    Mexico  1940    only    -       Dec     9       0:00    1:00    D
2753 Rule    Mexico  1941    only    -       Apr     1       0:00    0       S
2754 Rule    Mexico  1943    only    -       Dec     16      0:00    1:00    W # War
2755 Rule    Mexico  1944    only    -       May     1       0:00    0       S
2756 Rule    Mexico  1950    only    -       Feb     12      0:00    1:00    D
2757 Rule    Mexico  1950    only    -       Jul     30      0:00    0       S
2758 Rule    Mexico  1996    2000    -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
2759 Rule    Mexico  1996    2000    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2760 Rule    Mexico  2001    only    -       May     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
2761 Rule    Mexico  2001    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2762 Rule    Mexico  2002    max     -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
2763 Rule    Mexico  2002    max     -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2764 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2765 # Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
2766 Zone America/Cancun     -5:47:04 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:12:56
2767                         -6:00   -       CST     1981 Dec 23
2768                         -5:00   Mexico  E%sT    1998 Aug  2  2:00
2769                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2015 Feb  1  2:00
2770                         -5:00   -       EST
2771 # Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida
2772 Zone America/Merida     -5:58:28 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:01:32
2773                         -6:00   -       CST     1981 Dec 23
2774                         -5:00   -       EST     1982 Dec  2
2775                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2776 # Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
2777 # This includes the following municipalities:
2778 #   in Coahuila: Ocampo, Acuña, Zaragoza, Jiménez, Piedras Negras, Nava,
2779 #     Guerrero, Hidalgo.
2780 #   in Nuevo León: Anáhuac, Los Aldama.
2781 #   in Tamaulipas: Nuevo Laredo, Guerrero, Mier, Miguel Alemán, Camargo,
2782 #     Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Reynosa, Río Bravo, Valle Hermoso, Matamoros.
2783 # See: Inicia mañana Horario de Verano en zona fronteriza, El Universal,
2784 # 2016-03-12
2785 # http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/estados/2016/03/12/inicia-manana-horario-de-verano-en-zona-fronteriza
2786 Zone America/Matamoros  -6:40:00 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
2787                         -6:00   -       CST     1988
2788                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1989
2789                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2010
2790                         -6:00   US      C%sT
2791 # Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
2792 Zone America/Monterrey  -6:41:16 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
2793                         -6:00   -       CST     1988
2794                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1989
2795                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2796 # Central Mexico
2797 Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -     LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:23:24
2798                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2799                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2800                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2801                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2802                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2803                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2001 Sep 30  2:00
2804                         -6:00   -       CST     2002 Feb 20
2805                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2806 # Chihuahua (near US border)
2807 # This includes the municipalities of Janos, Ascensión, Juárez, Guadalupe,
2808 # Práxedis G Guerrero, Coyame del Sotol, Ojinaga, and Manuel Benavides.
2809 # (See the 2016-03-12 El Universal source mentioned above.)
2810 Zone America/Ojinaga    -6:57:40 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:02:20
2811                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2812                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2813                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2814                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2815                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2816                         -6:00   -       CST     1996
2817                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    1998
2818                         -6:00   -       CST     1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
2819                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    2010
2820                         -7:00   US      M%sT
2821 # Chihuahua (away from US border)
2822 Zone America/Chihuahua  -7:04:20 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
2823                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2824                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2825                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2826                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2827                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2828                         -6:00   -       CST     1996
2829                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    1998
2830                         -6:00   -       CST     1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
2831                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT
2832 # Sonora
2833 Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
2834                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2835                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2836                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2837                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2838                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2839                         -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2840                         -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2841                         -8:00   -       PST     1970
2842                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    1999
2843                         -7:00   -       MST
2844 
2845 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
2846 # According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
2847 # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
2848 # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
2849 #
2850 # (Spanish)
2851 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
2852 # país, a partir de este domingo
2853 # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
2854 #
2855 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
2856 # País
2857 # http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50
2858 #
2859 # (English)
2860 # Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
2861 # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
2862 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
2863 #
2864 # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
2865 # will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
2866 # zone ..."
2867 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
2868 
2869 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
2870 # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
2871 
2872 # Mazatlán
2873 Zone America/Mazatlan   -7:05:40 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
2874                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2875                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2876                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2877                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2878                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2879                         -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2880                         -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2881                         -8:00   -       PST     1970
2882                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT
2883 
2884 # Bahía de Banderas
2885 Zone America/Bahia_Banderas     -7:01:00 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
2886                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2887                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2888                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2889                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2890                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2891                         -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2892                         -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2893                         -8:00   -       PST     1970
2894                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    2010 Apr  4  2:00
2895                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2896 
2897 # Baja California
2898 Zone America/Tijuana    -7:48:04 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:11:56
2899                         -7:00   -       MST     1924
2900                         -8:00   -       PST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2901                         -7:00   -       MST     1930 Nov 15
2902                         -8:00   -       PST     1931 Apr  1
2903                         -8:00   1:00    PDT     1931 Sep 30
2904                         -8:00   -       PST     1942 Apr 24
2905                         -8:00   1:00    PWT     1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2906                         -8:00   1:00    PPT     1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2907                         -8:00   -       PST     1948 Apr  5
2908                         -8:00   1:00    PDT     1949 Jan 14
2909                         -8:00   -       PST     1954
2910                         -8:00   CA      P%sT    1961
2911                         -8:00   -       PST     1976
2912                         -8:00   US      P%sT    1996
2913                         -8:00   Mexico  P%sT    2001
2914                         -8:00   US      P%sT    2002 Feb 20
2915                         -8:00   Mexico  P%sT    2010
2916                         -8:00   US      P%sT
2917 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2918 # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
2919 # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
2920 # through 1995.  This was as per Shanks (1999).  But Shanks & Pottenger say
2921 # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975.  Guy Harris reports
2922 # that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicali, San Felipe and
2923 # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
2924 # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then.  This concerns
2925 # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
2926 # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
2927 # name or contents should be.
2928 #
2929 # From Paul Eggert (2015-10-08):
2930 # Formerly there was an America/Santa_Isabel zone, but this appears to
2931 # have come from a misreading of
2932 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
2933 # It has been moved to the 'backward' file.
2934 #
2935 #
2936 # Revillagigedo Is
2937 # no information
2938 
2939 ###############################################################################
2940 
2941 # Anguilla
2942 # Antigua and Barbuda
2943 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
2944 
2945 # Bahamas
2946 #
2947 # For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
2948 #
2949 # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
2950 # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
2951 # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
2952 # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
2953 
2954 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2955 Rule    Bahamas 1964    1975    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2956 Rule    Bahamas 1964    1975    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2957 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2958 Zone    America/Nassau  -5:09:30 -      LMT     1912 Mar 2
2959                         -5:00   Bahamas E%sT    1976
2960                         -5:00   US      E%sT
2961 
2962 # Barbados
2963 
2964 # For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that.
2965 
2966 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2967 Rule    Barb    1977    only    -       Jun     12      2:00    1:00    D
2968 Rule    Barb    1977    1978    -       Oct     Sun>=1       2:00    0       S
2969 Rule    Barb    1978    1980    -       Apr     Sun>=15      2:00    1:00    D
2970 Rule    Barb    1979    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
2971 Rule    Barb    1980    only    -       Sep     25      2:00    0       S
2972 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2973 Zone America/Barbados   -3:58:29 -      LMT     1924 # Bridgetown
2974                         -3:58:29 -      BMT     1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
2975                         -4:00   Barb    A%sT
2976 
2977 # Belize
2978 # Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2979 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2980 Rule    Belize  1918    1942    -       Oct     Sun>=2       0:00    0:30    -0530
2981 Rule    Belize  1919    1943    -       Feb     Sun>=9       0:00    0       CST
2982 Rule    Belize  1973    only    -       Dec      5      0:00    1:00    CDT
2983 Rule    Belize  1974    only    -       Feb      9      0:00    0       CST
2984 Rule    Belize  1982    only    -       Dec     18      0:00    1:00    CDT
2985 Rule    Belize  1983    only    -       Feb     12      0:00    0       CST
2986 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2987 Zone    America/Belize  -5:52:48 -      LMT     1912 Apr
2988                         -6:00   Belize  %s
2989 
2990 # Bermuda
2991 
2992 # For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower,
2993 # Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I; round that.
2994 
2995 # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
2996 
2997 # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
2998 # in March, until the first Sunday in November.  And, after the Time Zone
2999 # (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
3000 # Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
3001 # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
3002 
3003 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3004 Zone Atlantic/Bermuda   -4:19:18 -      LMT     1930 Jan  1  2:00 # Hamilton
3005                         -4:00   -       AST     1974 Apr 28  2:00
3006                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1976
3007                         -4:00   US      A%sT
3008 
3009 # Cayman Is
3010 # See America/Panama.
3011 
3012 # Costa Rica
3013 
3014 # Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
3015 
3016 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3017 Rule    CR      1979    1980    -       Feb     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
3018 Rule    CR      1979    1980    -       Jun     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
3019 Rule    CR      1991    1992    -       Jan     Sat>=15      0:00    1:00    D
3020 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
3021 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3022 Rule    CR      1991    only    -       Jul      1      0:00    0       S
3023 Rule    CR      1992    only    -       Mar     15      0:00    0       S
3024 # There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
3025 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3026 Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 -      LMT     1890        # San José
3027                         -5:36:13 -      SJMT    1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
3028                         -6:00   CR      C%sT
3029 # Coco
3030 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
3031 
3032 # Cuba
3033 
3034 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
3035 # Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57
3036 # for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations.
3037 # For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger.
3038 
3039 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
3040 # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
3041 # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
3042 # the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
3043 # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
3044 # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
3045 # Time today."  (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
3046 # sleep on 1999-03-28 - when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
3047 # to DST - and one more hour on 1999-04-04 - when the announcers will have
3048 # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
3049 
3050 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11):
3051 # DST start in Cuba in 2004 ... does not follow the same rules as the
3052 # years before.  The correct date should be Sunday 2004-03-28 00:00 ...
3053 # https://web.archive.org/web/20040402060750/http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2004/marzo/sab27/reloj.html
3054 
3055 # From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
3056 # Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
3057 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
3058 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
3059 # says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
3060 # thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
3061 # to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
3062 # For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
3063 
3064 # From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
3065 # This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
3066 # adjustment in Cuba.  We will stay in daylight saving time:
3067 # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
3068 
3069 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
3070 # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
3071 # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
3072 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
3073 # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
3074 # watches should be set back one hour - going back to 00:00 hours - returning
3075 # to the normal schedule....
3076 
3077 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
3078 # <http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html>, dated yesterday,
3079 # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
3080 # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
3081 # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
3082 #
3083 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
3084 # Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week
3085 # earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
3086 #
3087 # He supplied these references:
3088 #
3089 # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
3090 # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
3091 #
3092 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2007-10-25):
3093 # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
3094 #
3095 # Regirá el Horario Normal desde el próximo domingo 28 de octubre
3096 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
3097 #
3098 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
3099 
3100 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
3101 # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
3102 # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
3103 # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
3104 # a Cuban information station, and heard
3105 # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
3106 # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
3107 
3108 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
3109 # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
3110 # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
3111 # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
3112 #
3113 # Some more background information is posted here:
3114 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
3115 #
3116 # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
3117 # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
3118 # 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been
3119 # observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception
3120 # which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to
3121 # change some historic records as well.
3122 #
3123 # One example:
3124 # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
3125 
3126 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
3127 # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
3128 # web site, the Granma.  Please check out
3129 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
3130 #
3131 # Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsen's information, the change
3132 # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
3133 
3134 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
3135 # Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward.
3136 
3137 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04)
3138 # According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on
3139 # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
3140 # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
3141 #
3142 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
3143 # (in Spanish)
3144 
3145 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
3146 # I listened over the Internet to
3147 # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
3148 # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
3149 # the time was announced as "diez cinco" - the same time as here, indicating
3150 # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
3151 
3152 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
3153 # Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
3154 # this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
3155 # changed at all).
3156 #
3157 # Source:
3158 # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
3159 #
3160 # Our info:
3161 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
3162 #
3163 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
3164 # Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
3165 # tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
3166 #
3167 # One source (Spanish)
3168 # http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
3169 #
3170 # Our page:
3171 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
3172 #
3173 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
3174 # According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
3175 # 31 and April 1.
3176 #
3177 # Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
3178 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
3179 #
3180 # Our info on it:
3181 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
3182 
3183 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
3184 # Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
3185 # to standard time on 2012-11-04:
3186 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/36-nacionales/9961-regira-horario-normal-en-cuba-desde-el-domingo-cuatro-de-noviembre
3187 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-03):
3188 # For now, assume the future rule is first Sunday in November.
3189 
3190 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3191 Rule    Cuba    1928    only    -       Jun     10      0:00    1:00    D
3192 Rule    Cuba    1928    only    -       Oct     10      0:00    0       S
3193 Rule    Cuba    1940    1942    -       Jun     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
3194 Rule    Cuba    1940    1942    -       Sep     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
3195 Rule    Cuba    1945    1946    -       Jun     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
3196 Rule    Cuba    1945    1946    -       Sep     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
3197 Rule    Cuba    1965    only    -       Jun     1       0:00    1:00    D
3198 Rule    Cuba    1965    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    0       S
3199 Rule    Cuba    1966    only    -       May     29      0:00    1:00    D
3200 Rule    Cuba    1966    only    -       Oct     2       0:00    0       S
3201 Rule    Cuba    1967    only    -       Apr     8       0:00    1:00    D
3202 Rule    Cuba    1967    1968    -       Sep     Sun>=8       0:00    0       S
3203 Rule    Cuba    1968    only    -       Apr     14      0:00    1:00    D
3204 Rule    Cuba    1969    1977    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
3205 Rule    Cuba    1969    1971    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3206 Rule    Cuba    1972    1974    -       Oct     8       0:00    0       S
3207 Rule    Cuba    1975    1977    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3208 Rule    Cuba    1978    only    -       May     7       0:00    1:00    D
3209 Rule    Cuba    1978    1990    -       Oct     Sun>=8       0:00    0       S
3210 Rule    Cuba    1979    1980    -       Mar     Sun>=15      0:00    1:00    D
3211 Rule    Cuba    1981    1985    -       May     Sun>=5       0:00    1:00    D
3212 Rule    Cuba    1986    1989    -       Mar     Sun>=14      0:00    1:00    D
3213 Rule    Cuba    1990    1997    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
3214 Rule    Cuba    1991    1995    -       Oct     Sun>=8       0:00s   0       S
3215 Rule    Cuba    1996    only    -       Oct      6      0:00s   0       S
3216 Rule    Cuba    1997    only    -       Oct     12      0:00s   0       S
3217 Rule    Cuba    1998    1999    -       Mar     lastSun 0:00s   1:00    D
3218 Rule    Cuba    1998    2003    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00s   0       S
3219 Rule    Cuba    2000    2003    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:00s   1:00    D
3220 Rule    Cuba    2004    only    -       Mar     lastSun 0:00s   1:00    D
3221 Rule    Cuba    2006    2010    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00s   0       S
3222 Rule    Cuba    2007    only    -       Mar     Sun>=8       0:00s   1:00    D
3223 Rule    Cuba    2008    only    -       Mar     Sun>=15      0:00s   1:00    D
3224 Rule    Cuba    2009    2010    -       Mar     Sun>=8       0:00s   1:00    D
3225 Rule    Cuba    2011    only    -       Mar     Sun>=15      0:00s   1:00    D
3226 Rule    Cuba    2011    only    -       Nov     13      0:00s   0       S
3227 Rule    Cuba    2012    only    -       Apr     1       0:00s   1:00    D
3228 Rule    Cuba    2012    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1       0:00s   0       S
3229 Rule    Cuba    2013    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8       0:00s   1:00    D
3230 
3231 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3232 Zone    America/Havana  -5:29:28 -      LMT     1890
3233                         -5:29:36 -      HMT     1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
3234                         -5:00   Cuba    C%sT
3235 
3236 # Dominica
3237 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3238 
3239 # Dominican Republic
3240 
3241 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
3242 # Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
3243 # time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
3244 # http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
3245 
3246 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
3247 # That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
3248 
3249 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
3250 # Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
3251 # November 28, 2000, with a new decree.  On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
3252 # Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
3253 # Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future.  The reason they
3254 # decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
3255 # to implement DST.  When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
3256 # decided to revert.
3257 
3258 
3259 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3260 Rule    DR      1966    only    -       Oct     30      0:00    1:00    EDT
3261 Rule    DR      1967    only    -       Feb     28      0:00    0       EST
3262 Rule    DR      1969    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0:30    -0430
3263 Rule    DR      1970    only    -       Feb     21      0:00    0       EST
3264 Rule    DR      1971    only    -       Jan     20      0:00    0       EST
3265 Rule    DR      1972    1974    -       Jan     21      0:00    0       EST
3266 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3267 Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 -   LMT     1890
3268                         -4:40   -       SDMT    1933 Apr  1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
3269                         -5:00   DR      %s      1974 Oct 27
3270                         -4:00   -       AST     2000 Oct 29  2:00
3271                         -5:00   US      E%sT    2000 Dec  3  1:00
3272                         -4:00   -       AST
3273 
3274 # El Salvador
3275 
3276 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3277 Rule    Salv    1987    1988    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
3278 Rule    Salv    1987    1988    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3279 # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
3280 # instead of America/San_Salvador.
3281 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3282 Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -     LMT     1921 # San Salvador
3283                         -6:00   Salv    C%sT
3284 
3285 # Grenada
3286 # Guadeloupe
3287 # St Barthélemy
3288 # St Martin (French part)
3289 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3290 
3291 # Guatemala
3292 #
3293 # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
3294 # Diario Co Latino, at
3295 # <http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079>,
3296 # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
3297 # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
3298 # impact of the elevated cost of oil....  Daylight saving time will last from
3299 # 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
3300 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
3301 # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
3302 # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00.  See
3303 # http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf
3304 
3305 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3306 Rule    Guat    1973    only    -       Nov     25      0:00    1:00    D
3307 Rule    Guat    1974    only    -       Feb     24      0:00    0       S
3308 Rule    Guat    1983    only    -       May     21      0:00    1:00    D
3309 Rule    Guat    1983    only    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       S
3310 Rule    Guat    1991    only    -       Mar     23      0:00    1:00    D
3311 Rule    Guat    1991    only    -       Sep      7      0:00    0       S
3312 Rule    Guat    2006    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    D
3313 Rule    Guat    2006    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       S
3314 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3315 Zone America/Guatemala  -6:02:04 -      LMT     1918 Oct 5
3316                         -6:00   Guat    C%sT
3317 
3318 # Haiti
3319 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
3320 # Risto O. Nykänen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
3321 # I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release
3322 # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
3323 # <http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc>.  Translated from French, it says:
3324 #
3325 #  "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
3326 #   and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
3327 #   Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
3328 #   provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
3329 #   Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
3330 #
3331 #  "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
3332 #   the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
3333 #   starting at midnight.  This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
3334 #   October 2005.
3335 #
3336 #  "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
3337 #
3338 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
3339 # I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
3340 # last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
3341 # "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
3342 # next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
3343 #
3344 # I have found this article about it (in French):
3345 # http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612
3346 #
3347 # The reason seems to be an energy crisis.
3348 
3349 # From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22):
3350 # Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007.
3351 
3352 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-11):
3353 # According to several news sources, Haiti will observe DST this year,
3354 # apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada.
3355 # So this means they have already changed their time.
3356 #
3357 # http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510
3358 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253
3359 #
3360 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-11):
3361 # The alterpresse.org source seems to show a US-style leap from 2:00 a.m. to
3362 # 3:00 a.m. rather than the traditional Haitian jump at midnight.
3363 # Assume a US-style fall back as well.
3364 
3365 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-10):
3366 # It appears that Haiti is observing DST this year as well, same rules
3367 # as US/Canada.  They did it last year as well, and it looks like they
3368 # are going to observe DST every year now...
3369 #
3370 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/public/haiti-avis-changement-dheure-dimanche/
3371 # http://www.canalplushaiti.net/?p=6714
3372 
3373 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-12):
3374 # Jean Antoine, editor of www.haiti-reference.com informed us that Haiti
3375 # are not going on DST this year.  Several other resources confirm this: ...
3376 # https://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/presse/heure_d_t_pas_de_changement_d_heure_pr_vu_pour_cet_ann_e.html
3377 # https://www.vantbefinfo.com/changement-dheure-pas-pour-haiti/
3378 # http://news.anmwe.com/haiti-lheure-nationale-ne-sera-ni-avancee-ni-reculee-cette-annee/
3379 
3380 # From Steffen Thorsen (2017-03-12):
3381 # We have received 4 mails from different people telling that Haiti
3382 # has started DST again today, and this source seems to confirm that,
3383 # I have not been able to find a more authoritative source:
3384 # https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-20319-haiti-notices-time-change-in-haiti.html
3385 
3386 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3387 Rule    Haiti   1983    only    -       May     8       0:00    1:00    D
3388 Rule    Haiti   1984    1987    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
3389 Rule    Haiti   1983    1987    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3390 # Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.
3391 # Go with IATA.
3392 Rule    Haiti   1988    1997    -       Apr     Sun>=1       1:00s   1:00    D
3393 Rule    Haiti   1988    1997    -       Oct     lastSun 1:00s   0       S
3394 Rule    Haiti   2005    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
3395 Rule    Haiti   2005    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3396 Rule    Haiti   2012    2015    -       Mar     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
3397 Rule    Haiti   2012    2015    -       Nov     Sun>=1       2:00    0       S
3398 Rule    Haiti   2017    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
3399 Rule    Haiti   2017    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1       2:00    0       S
3400 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3401 Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 -  LMT     1890
3402                         -4:49   -       PPMT    1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
3403                         -5:00   Haiti   E%sT
3404 
3405 # Honduras
3406 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
3407 
3408 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
3409 # worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
3410 # saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
3411 # months until September.  La Tribuna reported today
3412 # <http://www.latribuna.hn/99299.html> that Manuel Zelaya, the president
3413 # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
3414 
3415 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
3416 # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
3417 # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
3418 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
3419 
3420 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
3421 # Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08).
3422 # http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12
3423 # It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
3424 
3425 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
3426 # Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
3427 # published, I have located this authoritative source:
3428 # http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
3429 
3430 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
3431 # http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
3432 # So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
3433 
3434 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3435 Rule    Hond    1987    1988    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
3436 Rule    Hond    1987    1988    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3437 Rule    Hond    2006    only    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
3438 Rule    Hond    2006    only    -       Aug     Mon>=1       0:00    0       S
3439 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3440 Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 -     LMT     1921 Apr
3441                         -6:00   Hond    C%sT
3442 #
3443 # Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
3444 
3445 # Jamaica
3446 # Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
3447 # unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
3448 # island".  Go with Milne.  Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
3449 #
3450 # Shanks & Pottenger give April 28 for the 1974 spring-forward transition, but
3451 # Lance Neita writes that Prime Minister Michael Manley decreed it January 5.
3452 # Assume Neita meant Jan 6 02:00, the same as the US.  Neita also writes that
3453 # Manley's supporters associated this act with Manley's nickname "Joshua"
3454 # (recall that in the Bible the sun stood still at Joshua's request),
3455 # and with the Rod of Correction which Manley said he had received from
3456 # Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia.  See:
3457 # Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20
3458 # http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647
3459 #
3460 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3461 Zone    America/Jamaica -5:07:10 -      LMT     1890        # Kingston
3462                         -5:07:10 -      KMT     1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
3463                         -5:00   -       EST     1974
3464                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1984
3465                         -5:00   -       EST
3466 
3467 # Martinique
3468 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3469 Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 -      LMT     1890        # Fort-de-France
3470                         -4:04:20 -      FFMT    1911 May    # Fort-de-France MT
3471                         -4:00   -       AST     1980 Apr  6
3472                         -4:00   1:00    ADT     1980 Sep 28
3473                         -4:00   -       AST
3474 
3475 # Montserrat
3476 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3477 
3478 # Nicaragua
3479 #
3480 # This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
3481 #
3482 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
3483 # I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
3484 # DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
3485 # expensive petroleum.  The exact end date for DST is not yet
3486 # announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
3487 # Some background information is available on the President's official site:
3488 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
3489 # The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
3490 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
3491 #
3492 # From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
3493 # The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
3494 # assume that it is daylight saving....
3495 #
3496 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
3497 # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
3498 # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
3499 # and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
3500 # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
3501 # during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."...
3502 # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
3503 # since December 1998.  I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
3504 # changes in 2000.  Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
3505 # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
3506 #
3507 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
3508 # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
3509 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
3510 # (2005-09-26)
3511 #
3512 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
3513 # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
3514 # (my informal translation)
3515 # By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua
3516 # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
3517 # morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September.
3518 #
3519 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
3520 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
3521 # My informal translation runs:
3522 # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
3523 # time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
3524 #
3525 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3526 Rule    Nic     1979    1980    -       Mar     Sun>=16      0:00    1:00    D
3527 Rule    Nic     1979    1980    -       Jun     Mon>=23      0:00    0       S
3528 Rule    Nic     2005    only    -       Apr     10      0:00    1:00    D
3529 Rule    Nic     2005    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
3530 Rule    Nic     2006    only    -       Apr     30      2:00    1:00    D
3531 Rule    Nic     2006    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1       1:00    0       S
3532 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3533 Zone    America/Managua -5:45:08 -      LMT     1890
3534                         -5:45:12 -      MMT     1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
3535                         -6:00   -       CST     1973 May
3536                         -5:00   -       EST     1975 Feb 16
3537                         -6:00   Nic     C%sT    1992 Jan  1  4:00
3538                         -5:00   -       EST     1992 Sep 24
3539                         -6:00   -       CST     1993
3540                         -5:00   -       EST     1997
3541                         -6:00   Nic     C%sT
3542 
3543 # Panama
3544 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3545 Zone    America/Panama  -5:18:08 -      LMT     1890
3546                         -5:19:36 -      CMT     1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
3547                         -5:00   -       EST
3548 Link America/Panama America/Cayman
3549 
3550 # Puerto Rico
3551 # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
3552 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3553 Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -     LMT     1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
3554                         -4:00   -       AST     1942 May  3
3555                         -4:00   US      A%sT    1946
3556                         -4:00   -       AST
3557 
3558 # St Kitts-Nevis
3559 # St Lucia
3560 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3561 
3562 # St Pierre and Miquelon
3563 # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
3564 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3565 Zone America/Miquelon   -3:44:40 -      LMT     1911 May 15 # St Pierre
3566                         -4:00   -       AST     1980 May
3567                         -3:00   -       -03     1987
3568                         -3:00   Canada  -03/-02
3569 
3570 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
3571 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3572 
3573 # Turks and Caicos
3574 #
3575 # From Chris Dunn in
3576 # https://bugs.debian.org/415007
3577 # (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
3578 # daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
3579 # the recent U.S. change of dates.
3580 #
3581 # From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
3582 # http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
3583 # there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
3584 # rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
3585 # "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
3586 # Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
3587 # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
3588 #
3589 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
3590 # The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UT -04 year-round.  See:
3591 # http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
3592 # Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST ...
3593 # From Chris Walton (2014-11-04):
3594 # ... the TCI government appears to have delayed the switch to
3595 # "permanent daylight saving time" by one year....
3596 # http://tcweeklynews.com/time-change-to-go-ahead-this-november-p5437-127.htm
3597 #
3598 # From the Turks & Caicos Cabinet (2017-07-20), heads-up from Steffen Thorsen:
3599 # ... agreed to the reintroduction in TCI of Daylight Saving Time (DST)
3600 # during the summer months and Standard Time, also known as Local
3601 # Time, during the winter months with effect from April 2018 ...
3602 # https://www.gov.uk/government/news/turks-and-caicos-post-cabinet-meeting-statement--3
3603 #
3604 # From Paul Eggert (2017-08-26):
3605 # The date of effect of the spring 2018 change appears to be March 11,
3606 # which makes more sense.  See: Hamilton D. Time change back
3607 # by March 2018 for TCI. Magnetic Media. 2017-08-25.
3608 # http://magneticmediatv.com/2017/08/time-change-back-by-march-2018-for-tci/
3609 #
3610 # Zone  NAME            STDOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3611 Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 -      LMT     1890
3612                         -5:07:10 -      KMT     1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
3613                         -5:00   -       EST     1979
3614                         -5:00   US      E%sT    2015 Nov Sun>=1 2:00
3615                         -4:00   -       AST     2018 Mar 11 3:00
3616                         -5:00   US      E%sT
3617 
3618 # British Virgin Is
3619 # Virgin Is
3620 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3621 
3622 
3623 # Local Variables:
3624 # coding: utf-8
3625 # End: