1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1996, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 4 * 5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 6 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 7 * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 8 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 9 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 10 * 11 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 12 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 13 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 14 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 15 * accompanied this code). 16 * 17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 18 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 19 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 20 * 21 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 22 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 23 * questions. 24 */ 25 26 package java.sql; 27 28 import java.util.Iterator; 29 import java.util.ServiceLoader; 30 import java.security.AccessController; 31 import java.security.PrivilegedAction; 32 import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList; 33 import sun.reflect.CallerSensitive; 34 import sun.reflect.Reflection; 35 36 37 /** 38 * <P>The basic service for managing a set of JDBC drivers.<br> 39 * <B>NOTE:</B> The {@link javax.sql.DataSource} interface, new in the 40 * JDBC 2.0 API, provides another way to connect to a data source. 41 * The use of a <code>DataSource</code> object is the preferred means of 42 * connecting to a data source. 43 * 44 * <P>As part of its initialization, the <code>DriverManager</code> class will 45 * attempt to load the driver classes referenced in the "jdbc.drivers" 46 * system property. This allows a user to customize the JDBC Drivers 47 * used by their applications. For example in your 48 * ~/.hotjava/properties file you might specify: 49 * <pre> 50 * <CODE>jdbc.drivers=foo.bah.Driver:wombat.sql.Driver:bad.taste.ourDriver</CODE> 51 * </pre> 52 *<P> The <code>DriverManager</code> methods <code>getConnection</code> and 53 * <code>getDrivers</code> have been enhanced to support the Java Standard Edition 54 * <a href="../../../technotes/guides/jar/jar.html#Service%20Provider">Service Provider</a> mechanism. JDBC 4.0 Drivers must 55 * include the file <code>META-INF/services/java.sql.Driver</code>. This file contains the name of the JDBC drivers 56 * implementation of <code>java.sql.Driver</code>. For example, to load the <code>my.sql.Driver</code> class, 57 * the <code>META-INF/services/java.sql.Driver</code> file would contain the entry: 58 * <pre> 59 * <code>my.sql.Driver</code> 60 * </pre> 61 * 62 * <P>Applications no longer need to explicitly load JDBC drivers using <code>Class.forName()</code>. Existing programs 63 * which currently load JDBC drivers using <code>Class.forName()</code> will continue to work without 64 * modification. 65 * 66 * <P>When the method <code>getConnection</code> is called, 67 * the <code>DriverManager</code> will attempt to 68 * locate a suitable driver from amongst those loaded at 69 * initialization and those loaded explicitly using the same classloader 70 * as the current applet or application. 71 * 72 * <P> 73 * Starting with the Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition, version 1.3, a 74 * logging stream can be set only if the proper 75 * permission has been granted. Normally this will be done with 76 * the tool PolicyTool, which can be used to grant <code>permission 77 * java.sql.SQLPermission "setLog"</code>. 78 * @see Driver 79 * @see Connection 80 */ 81 public class DriverManager { 82 83 84 // List of registered JDBC drivers 85 private final static CopyOnWriteArrayList<DriverInfo> registeredDrivers = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>(); 86 private static volatile int loginTimeout = 0; 87 private static volatile java.io.PrintWriter logWriter = null; 88 private static volatile java.io.PrintStream logStream = null; 89 // Used in println() to synchronize logWriter 90 private final static Object logSync = new Object(); 91 92 /* Prevent the DriverManager class from being instantiated. */ 93 private DriverManager(){} 94 95 96 /** 97 * Load the initial JDBC drivers by checking the System property 98 * jdbc.properties and then use the {@code ServiceLoader} mechanism 99 */ 100 static { 101 loadInitialDrivers(); 102 println("JDBC DriverManager initialized"); 103 } 104 105 /** 106 * The <code>SQLPermission</code> constant that allows the 107 * setting of the logging stream. 108 * @since 1.3 109 */ 110 final static SQLPermission SET_LOG_PERMISSION = 111 new SQLPermission("setLog"); 112 113 /** 114 * The {@code SQLPermission} constant that allows the 115 * un-register a registered JDBC driver. 116 * @since 1.8 117 */ 118 final static SQLPermission DEREGISTER_DRIVER_PERMISSION = 119 new SQLPermission("deregisterDriver"); 120 121 //--------------------------JDBC 2.0----------------------------- 122 123 /** 124 * Retrieves the log writer. 125 * 126 * The <code>getLogWriter</code> and <code>setLogWriter</code> 127 * methods should be used instead 128 * of the <code>get/setlogStream</code> methods, which are deprecated. 129 * @return a <code>java.io.PrintWriter</code> object 130 * @see #setLogWriter 131 * @since 1.2 132 */ 133 public static java.io.PrintWriter getLogWriter() { 134 return logWriter; 135 } 136 137 /** 138 * Sets the logging/tracing <code>PrintWriter</code> object 139 * that is used by the <code>DriverManager</code> and all drivers. 140 * <P> 141 * There is a minor versioning problem created by the introduction 142 * of the method <code>setLogWriter</code>. The 143 * method <code>setLogWriter</code> cannot create a <code>PrintStream</code> object 144 * that will be returned by <code>getLogStream</code>---the Java platform does 145 * not provide a backward conversion. As a result, a new application 146 * that uses <code>setLogWriter</code> and also uses a JDBC 1.0 driver that uses 147 * <code>getLogStream</code> will likely not see debugging information written 148 * by that driver. 149 *<P> 150 * Starting with the Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition, version 1.3 release, this method checks 151 * to see that there is an <code>SQLPermission</code> object before setting 152 * the logging stream. If a <code>SecurityManager</code> exists and its 153 * <code>checkPermission</code> method denies setting the log writer, this 154 * method throws a <code>java.lang.SecurityException</code>. 155 * 156 * @param out the new logging/tracing <code>PrintStream</code> object; 157 * <code>null</code> to disable logging and tracing 158 * @throws SecurityException 159 * if a security manager exists and its 160 * <code>checkPermission</code> method denies 161 * setting the log writer 162 * 163 * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission 164 * @see #getLogWriter 165 * @since 1.2 166 */ 167 public static void setLogWriter(java.io.PrintWriter out) { 168 169 SecurityManager sec = System.getSecurityManager(); 170 if (sec != null) { 171 sec.checkPermission(SET_LOG_PERMISSION); 172 } 173 logStream = null; 174 logWriter = out; 175 } 176 177 178 //--------------------------------------------------------------- 179 180 /** 181 * Attempts to establish a connection to the given database URL. 182 * The <code>DriverManager</code> attempts to select an appropriate driver from 183 * the set of registered JDBC drivers. 184 *<p> 185 * <B>Note:</B> If a property is specified as part of the {@code url} and 186 * is also specified in the {@code Properties} object, it is 187 * implementation-defined as to which value will take precedence. 188 * For maximum portability, an application should only specify a 189 * property once. 190 * 191 * @param url a database url of the form 192 * <code> jdbc:<em>subprotocol</em>:<em>subname</em></code> 193 * @param info a list of arbitrary string tag/value pairs as 194 * connection arguments; normally at least a "user" and 195 * "password" property should be included 196 * @return a Connection to the URL 197 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or the url is 198 * {@code null} 199 * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the 200 * timeout value specified by the {@code setLoginTimeout} method 201 * has been exceeded and has at least tried to cancel the 202 * current database connection attempt 203 */ 204 @CallerSensitive 205 public static Connection getConnection(String url, 206 java.util.Properties info) throws SQLException { 207 208 return (getConnection(url, info, Reflection.getCallerClass())); 209 } 210 211 /** 212 * Attempts to establish a connection to the given database URL. 213 * The <code>DriverManager</code> attempts to select an appropriate driver from 214 * the set of registered JDBC drivers. 215 *<p> 216 * <B>Note:</B> If the {@code user} or {@code password} property are 217 * also specified as part of the {@code url}, it is 218 * implementation-defined as to which value will take precedence. 219 * For maximum portability, an application should only specify a 220 * property once. 221 * 222 * @param url a database url of the form 223 * <code>jdbc:<em>subprotocol</em>:<em>subname</em></code> 224 * @param user the database user on whose behalf the connection is being 225 * made 226 * @param password the user's password 227 * @return a connection to the URL 228 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or the url is 229 * {@code null} 230 * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the 231 * timeout value specified by the {@code setLoginTimeout} method 232 * has been exceeded and has at least tried to cancel the 233 * current database connection attempt 234 */ 235 @CallerSensitive 236 public static Connection getConnection(String url, 237 String user, String password) throws SQLException { 238 java.util.Properties info = new java.util.Properties(); 239 240 if (user != null) { 241 info.put("user", user); 242 } 243 if (password != null) { 244 info.put("password", password); 245 } 246 247 return (getConnection(url, info, Reflection.getCallerClass())); 248 } 249 250 /** 251 * Attempts to establish a connection to the given database URL. 252 * The <code>DriverManager</code> attempts to select an appropriate driver from 253 * the set of registered JDBC drivers. 254 * 255 * @param url a database url of the form 256 * <code> jdbc:<em>subprotocol</em>:<em>subname</em></code> 257 * @return a connection to the URL 258 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or the url is 259 * {@code null} 260 * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the 261 * timeout value specified by the {@code setLoginTimeout} method 262 * has been exceeded and has at least tried to cancel the 263 * current database connection attempt 264 */ 265 @CallerSensitive 266 public static Connection getConnection(String url) 267 throws SQLException { 268 269 java.util.Properties info = new java.util.Properties(); 270 return (getConnection(url, info, Reflection.getCallerClass())); 271 } 272 273 /** 274 * Attempts to locate a driver that understands the given URL. 275 * The <code>DriverManager</code> attempts to select an appropriate driver from 276 * the set of registered JDBC drivers. 277 * 278 * @param url a database URL of the form 279 * <code>jdbc:<em>subprotocol</em>:<em>subname</em></code> 280 * @return a <code>Driver</code> object representing a driver 281 * that can connect to the given URL 282 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs 283 */ 284 @CallerSensitive 285 public static Driver getDriver(String url) 286 throws SQLException { 287 288 println("DriverManager.getDriver(\"" + url + "\")"); 289 290 Class<?> callerClass = Reflection.getCallerClass(); 291 292 // Walk through the loaded registeredDrivers attempting to locate someone 293 // who understands the given URL. 294 for (DriverInfo aDriver : registeredDrivers) { 295 // If the caller does not have permission to load the driver then 296 // skip it. 297 if(isDriverAllowed(aDriver.driver, callerClass)) { 298 try { 299 if(aDriver.driver.acceptsURL(url)) { 300 // Success! 301 println("getDriver returning " + aDriver.driver.getClass().getName()); 302 return (aDriver.driver); 303 } 304 305 } catch(SQLException sqe) { 306 // Drop through and try the next driver. 307 } 308 } else { 309 println(" skipping: " + aDriver.driver.getClass().getName()); 310 } 311 312 } 313 314 println("getDriver: no suitable driver"); 315 throw new SQLException("No suitable driver", "08001"); 316 } 317 318 319 /** 320 * Registers the given driver with the {@code DriverManager}. 321 * A newly-loaded driver class should call 322 * the method {@code registerDriver} to make itself 323 * known to the {@code DriverManager}. If the driver is currently 324 * registered, no action is taken. 325 * 326 * @param driver the new JDBC Driver that is to be registered with the 327 * {@code DriverManager} 328 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs 329 * @exception NullPointerException if {@code driver} is null 330 */ 331 public static synchronized void registerDriver(java.sql.Driver driver) 332 throws SQLException { 333 334 registerDriver(driver, null); 335 } 336 337 /** 338 * Registers the given driver with the {@code DriverManager}. 339 * A newly-loaded driver class should call 340 * the method {@code registerDriver} to make itself 341 * known to the {@code DriverManager}. If the driver is currently 342 * registered, no action is taken. 343 * 344 * @param driver the new JDBC Driver that is to be registered with the 345 * {@code DriverManager} 346 * @param da the {@code DriverAction} implementation to be used when 347 * {@code DriverManager#deregisterDriver} is called 348 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs 349 * @exception NullPointerException if {@code driver} is null 350 * @since 1.8 351 */ 352 public static synchronized void registerDriver(java.sql.Driver driver, 353 DriverAction da) 354 throws SQLException { 355 356 /* Register the driver if it has not already been added to our list */ 357 if(driver != null) { 358 registeredDrivers.addIfAbsent(new DriverInfo(driver, da)); 359 } else { 360 // This is for compatibility with the original DriverManager 361 throw new NullPointerException(); 362 } 363 364 println("registerDriver: " + driver); 365 366 } 367 368 /** 369 * Removes the specified driver from the {@code DriverManager}'s list of 370 * registered drivers. 371 * <p> 372 * If a {@code null} value is specified for the driver to be removed, then no 373 * action is taken. 374 * <p> 375 * If a security manager exists and its {@code checkPermission} denies 376 * permission, then a {@code SecurityException} will be thrown. 377 * <p> 378 * If the specified driver is not found in the list of registered drivers, 379 * then no action is taken. If the driver was found, it will be removed 380 * from the list of registered drivers. 381 * <p> 382 * If a {@code DriverAction} instance was specified when the JDBC driver was 383 * registered, its deregister method will be called 384 * prior to the driver being removed from the list of registered drivers. 385 * 386 * @param driver the JDBC Driver to remove 387 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs 388 * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its 389 * {@code checkPermission} method denies permission to deregister a driver. 390 * 391 * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission 392 */ 393 @CallerSensitive 394 public static synchronized void deregisterDriver(Driver driver) 395 throws SQLException { 396 if (driver == null) { 397 return; 398 } 399 400 SecurityManager sec = System.getSecurityManager(); 401 if (sec != null) { 402 sec.checkPermission(DEREGISTER_DRIVER_PERMISSION); 403 } 404 405 println("DriverManager.deregisterDriver: " + driver); 406 407 DriverInfo aDriver = new DriverInfo(driver, null); 408 if(registeredDrivers.contains(aDriver)) { 409 if (isDriverAllowed(driver, Reflection.getCallerClass())) { 410 DriverInfo di = registeredDrivers.get(registeredDrivers.indexOf(aDriver)); 411 // If a DriverAction was specified, Call it to notify the 412 // driver that it has been deregistered 413 if(di.action() != null) { 414 di.action().deregister(); 415 } 416 registeredDrivers.remove(aDriver); 417 } else { 418 // If the caller does not have permission to load the driver then 419 // throw a SecurityException. 420 throw new SecurityException(); 421 } 422 } else { 423 println(" couldn't find driver to unload"); 424 } 425 } 426 427 /** 428 * Retrieves an Enumeration with all of the currently loaded JDBC drivers 429 * to which the current caller has access. 430 * 431 * <P><B>Note:</B> The classname of a driver can be found using 432 * <CODE>d.getClass().getName()</CODE> 433 * 434 * @return the list of JDBC Drivers loaded by the caller's class loader 435 */ 436 @CallerSensitive 437 public static java.util.Enumeration<Driver> getDrivers() { 438 java.util.Vector<Driver> result = new java.util.Vector<>(); 439 440 Class<?> callerClass = Reflection.getCallerClass(); 441 442 // Walk through the loaded registeredDrivers. 443 for(DriverInfo aDriver : registeredDrivers) { 444 // If the caller does not have permission to load the driver then 445 // skip it. 446 if(isDriverAllowed(aDriver.driver, callerClass)) { 447 result.addElement(aDriver.driver); 448 } else { 449 println(" skipping: " + aDriver.getClass().getName()); 450 } 451 } 452 return (result.elements()); 453 } 454 455 456 /** 457 * Sets the maximum time in seconds that a driver will wait 458 * while attempting to connect to a database once the driver has 459 * been identified. 460 * 461 * @param seconds the login time limit in seconds; zero means there is no limit 462 * @see #getLoginTimeout 463 */ 464 public static void setLoginTimeout(int seconds) { 465 loginTimeout = seconds; 466 } 467 468 /** 469 * Gets the maximum time in seconds that a driver can wait 470 * when attempting to log in to a database. 471 * 472 * @return the driver login time limit in seconds 473 * @see #setLoginTimeout 474 */ 475 public static int getLoginTimeout() { 476 return (loginTimeout); 477 } 478 479 /** 480 * Sets the logging/tracing PrintStream that is used 481 * by the <code>DriverManager</code> 482 * and all drivers. 483 *<P> 484 * In the Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition, version 1.3 release, this method checks 485 * to see that there is an <code>SQLPermission</code> object before setting 486 * the logging stream. If a <code>SecurityManager</code> exists and its 487 * <code>checkPermission</code> method denies setting the log writer, this 488 * method throws a <code>java.lang.SecurityException</code>. 489 * 490 * @param out the new logging/tracing PrintStream; to disable, set to <code>null</code> 491 * @deprecated Use {@code setLogWriter} 492 * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its 493 * <code>checkPermission</code> method denies setting the log stream 494 * 495 * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission 496 * @see #getLogStream 497 */ 498 @Deprecated 499 public static void setLogStream(java.io.PrintStream out) { 500 501 SecurityManager sec = System.getSecurityManager(); 502 if (sec != null) { 503 sec.checkPermission(SET_LOG_PERMISSION); 504 } 505 506 logStream = out; 507 if ( out != null ) 508 logWriter = new java.io.PrintWriter(out); 509 else 510 logWriter = null; 511 } 512 513 /** 514 * Retrieves the logging/tracing PrintStream that is used by the <code>DriverManager</code> 515 * and all drivers. 516 * 517 * @return the logging/tracing PrintStream; if disabled, is <code>null</code> 518 * @deprecated Use {@code getLogWriter} 519 * @see #setLogStream 520 */ 521 @Deprecated 522 public static java.io.PrintStream getLogStream() { 523 return logStream; 524 } 525 526 /** 527 * Prints a message to the current JDBC log stream. 528 * 529 * @param message a log or tracing message 530 */ 531 public static void println(String message) { 532 synchronized (logSync) { 533 if (logWriter != null) { 534 logWriter.println(message); 535 536 // automatic flushing is never enabled, so we must do it ourselves 537 logWriter.flush(); 538 } 539 } 540 } 541 542 //------------------------------------------------------------------------ 543 544 // Indicates whether the class object that would be created if the code calling 545 // DriverManager is accessible. 546 private static boolean isDriverAllowed(Driver driver, Class<?> caller) { 547 ClassLoader callerCL = caller != null ? caller.getClassLoader() : null; 548 return isDriverAllowed(driver, callerCL); 549 } 550 551 private static boolean isDriverAllowed(Driver driver, ClassLoader classLoader) { 552 boolean result = false; 553 if(driver != null) { 554 Class<?> aClass = null; 555 try { 556 aClass = Class.forName(driver.getClass().getName(), true, classLoader); 557 } catch (Exception ex) { 558 result = false; 559 } 560 561 result = ( aClass == driver.getClass() ) ? true : false; 562 } 563 564 return result; 565 } 566 567 private static void loadInitialDrivers() { 568 String drivers; 569 try { 570 drivers = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<String>() { 571 public String run() { 572 return System.getProperty("jdbc.drivers"); 573 } 574 }); 575 } catch (Exception ex) { 576 drivers = null; 577 } 578 // If the driver is packaged as a Service Provider, load it. 579 // Get all the drivers through the classloader 580 // exposed as a java.sql.Driver.class service. 581 // ServiceLoader.load() replaces the sun.misc.Providers() 582 583 AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() { 584 public Void run() { 585 586 ServiceLoader<Driver> loadedDrivers = ServiceLoader.load(Driver.class); 587 Iterator<Driver> driversIterator = loadedDrivers.iterator(); 588 589 /* Load these drivers, so that they can be instantiated. 590 * It may be the case that the driver class may not be there 591 * i.e. there may be a packaged driver with the service class 592 * as implementation of java.sql.Driver but the actual class 593 * may be missing. In that case a java.util.ServiceConfigurationError 594 * will be thrown at runtime by the VM trying to locate 595 * and load the service. 596 * 597 * Adding a try catch block to catch those runtime errors 598 * if driver not available in classpath but it's 599 * packaged as service and that service is there in classpath. 600 */ 601 try{ 602 while(driversIterator.hasNext()) { 603 driversIterator.next(); 604 } 605 } catch(Throwable t) { 606 // Do nothing 607 } 608 return null; 609 } 610 }); 611 612 println("DriverManager.initialize: jdbc.drivers = " + drivers); 613 614 if (drivers == null || drivers.equals("")) { 615 return; 616 } 617 String[] driversList = drivers.split(":"); 618 println("number of Drivers:" + driversList.length); 619 for (String aDriver : driversList) { 620 try { 621 println("DriverManager.Initialize: loading " + aDriver); 622 Class.forName(aDriver, true, 623 ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()); 624 } catch (Exception ex) { 625 println("DriverManager.Initialize: load failed: " + ex); 626 } 627 } 628 } 629 630 631 // Worker method called by the public getConnection() methods. 632 private static Connection getConnection( 633 String url, java.util.Properties info, Class<?> caller) throws SQLException { 634 /* 635 * When callerCl is null, we should check the application's 636 * (which is invoking this class indirectly) 637 * classloader, so that the JDBC driver class outside rt.jar 638 * can be loaded from here. 639 */ 640 ClassLoader callerCL = caller != null ? caller.getClassLoader() : null; 641 synchronized(DriverManager.class) { 642 // synchronize loading of the correct classloader. 643 if (callerCL == null) { 644 callerCL = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); 645 } 646 } 647 648 if(url == null) { 649 throw new SQLException("The url cannot be null", "08001"); 650 } 651 652 println("DriverManager.getConnection(\"" + url + "\")"); 653 654 // Walk through the loaded registeredDrivers attempting to make a connection. 655 // Remember the first exception that gets raised so we can reraise it. 656 SQLException reason = null; 657 658 for(DriverInfo aDriver : registeredDrivers) { 659 // If the caller does not have permission to load the driver then 660 // skip it. 661 if(isDriverAllowed(aDriver.driver, callerCL)) { 662 try { 663 println(" trying " + aDriver.driver.getClass().getName()); 664 Connection con = aDriver.driver.connect(url, info); 665 if (con != null) { 666 // Success! 667 println("getConnection returning " + aDriver.driver.getClass().getName()); 668 return (con); 669 } 670 } catch (SQLException ex) { 671 if (reason == null) { 672 reason = ex; 673 } 674 } 675 676 } else { 677 println(" skipping: " + aDriver.getClass().getName()); 678 } 679 680 } 681 682 // if we got here nobody could connect. 683 if (reason != null) { 684 println("getConnection failed: " + reason); 685 throw reason; 686 } 687 688 println("getConnection: no suitable driver found for "+ url); 689 throw new SQLException("No suitable driver found for "+ url, "08001"); 690 } 691 692 693 } 694 695 /* 696 * Wrapper class for registered Drivers in order to not expose Driver.equals() 697 * to avoid the capture of the Driver it being compared to as it might not 698 * normally have access. 699 */ 700 class DriverInfo { 701 702 final Driver driver; 703 DriverAction da; 704 DriverInfo(Driver driver, DriverAction action) { 705 this.driver = driver; 706 da = action; 707 } 708 709 @Override 710 public boolean equals(Object other) { 711 return (other instanceof DriverInfo) 712 && this.driver == ((DriverInfo) other).driver; 713 } 714 715 @Override 716 public int hashCode() { 717 return driver.hashCode(); 718 } 719 720 @Override 721 public String toString() { 722 return ("driver[className=" + driver + "]"); 723 } 724 725 DriverAction action() { 726 return da; 727 } 728 }