1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 2002, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 4 * 5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 6 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 7 * published by the Free Software Foundation. 8 * 9 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 10 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 11 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 12 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 13 * accompanied this code). 14 * 15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 16 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 17 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 18 * 19 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 20 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 21 * questions. 22 * 23 */ 24 25 #include "precompiled.hpp" 26 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.inline.hpp" 27 #include "classfile/classLoaderDataGraph.hpp" 28 #include "classfile/moduleEntry.hpp" 29 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp" 30 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.hpp" 31 #include "logging/log.hpp" 32 #include "logging/logTag.hpp" 33 #include "memory/heapInspection.hpp" 34 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp" 35 #include "memory/universe.hpp" 36 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp" 37 #include "oops/reflectionAccessorImplKlassHelper.hpp" 38 #include "runtime/os.hpp" 39 #include "utilities/globalDefinitions.hpp" 40 #include "utilities/macros.hpp" 41 #include "utilities/stack.inline.hpp" 42 43 // HeapInspection 44 45 inline KlassInfoEntry::~KlassInfoEntry() { 46 if (_subclasses != NULL) { 47 delete _subclasses; 48 } 49 } 50 51 inline void KlassInfoEntry::add_subclass(KlassInfoEntry* cie) { 52 if (_subclasses == NULL) { 53 _subclasses = new (ResourceObj::C_HEAP, mtInternal) GrowableArray<KlassInfoEntry*>(4, true); 54 } 55 _subclasses->append(cie); 56 } 57 58 int KlassInfoEntry::compare(KlassInfoEntry* e1, KlassInfoEntry* e2) { 59 if(e1->_instance_words > e2->_instance_words) { 60 return -1; 61 } else if(e1->_instance_words < e2->_instance_words) { 62 return 1; 63 } 64 // Sort alphabetically, note 'Z' < '[' < 'a', but it's better to group 65 // the array classes before all the instance classes. 66 ResourceMark rm; 67 const char* name1 = e1->klass()->external_name(); 68 const char* name2 = e2->klass()->external_name(); 69 bool d1 = (name1[0] == JVM_SIGNATURE_ARRAY); 70 bool d2 = (name2[0] == JVM_SIGNATURE_ARRAY); 71 if (d1 && !d2) { 72 return -1; 73 } else if (d2 && !d1) { 74 return 1; 75 } else { 76 return strcmp(name1, name2); 77 } 78 } 79 80 const char* KlassInfoEntry::name() const { 81 const char* name; 82 if (_klass->name() != NULL) { 83 name = _klass->external_name(); 84 } else { 85 if (_klass == Universe::boolArrayKlassObj()) name = "<boolArrayKlass>"; else 86 if (_klass == Universe::charArrayKlassObj()) name = "<charArrayKlass>"; else 87 if (_klass == Universe::floatArrayKlassObj()) name = "<floatArrayKlass>"; else 88 if (_klass == Universe::doubleArrayKlassObj()) name = "<doubleArrayKlass>"; else 89 if (_klass == Universe::byteArrayKlassObj()) name = "<byteArrayKlass>"; else 90 if (_klass == Universe::shortArrayKlassObj()) name = "<shortArrayKlass>"; else 91 if (_klass == Universe::intArrayKlassObj()) name = "<intArrayKlass>"; else 92 if (_klass == Universe::longArrayKlassObj()) name = "<longArrayKlass>"; else 93 name = "<no name>"; 94 } 95 return name; 96 } 97 98 void KlassInfoEntry::print_on(outputStream* st) const { 99 ResourceMark rm; 100 101 // simplify the formatting (ILP32 vs LP64) - always cast the numbers to 64-bit 102 ModuleEntry* module = _klass->module(); 103 if (module->is_named()) { 104 st->print_cr(INT64_FORMAT_W(13) " " UINT64_FORMAT_W(13) " %s (%s%s%s)", 105 (int64_t)_instance_count, 106 (uint64_t)_instance_words * HeapWordSize, 107 name(), 108 module->name()->as_C_string(), 109 module->version() != NULL ? "@" : "", 110 module->version() != NULL ? module->version()->as_C_string() : ""); 111 } else { 112 st->print_cr(INT64_FORMAT_W(13) " " UINT64_FORMAT_W(13) " %s", 113 (int64_t)_instance_count, 114 (uint64_t)_instance_words * HeapWordSize, 115 name()); 116 } 117 } 118 119 KlassInfoEntry* KlassInfoBucket::lookup(Klass* const k) { 120 // Can happen if k is an archived class that we haven't loaded yet. 121 if (k->java_mirror_no_keepalive() == NULL) { 122 return NULL; 123 } 124 125 KlassInfoEntry* elt = _list; 126 while (elt != NULL) { 127 if (elt->is_equal(k)) { 128 return elt; 129 } 130 elt = elt->next(); 131 } 132 elt = new (std::nothrow) KlassInfoEntry(k, list()); 133 // We may be out of space to allocate the new entry. 134 if (elt != NULL) { 135 set_list(elt); 136 } 137 return elt; 138 } 139 140 void KlassInfoBucket::iterate(KlassInfoClosure* cic) { 141 KlassInfoEntry* elt = _list; 142 while (elt != NULL) { 143 cic->do_cinfo(elt); 144 elt = elt->next(); 145 } 146 } 147 148 void KlassInfoBucket::empty() { 149 KlassInfoEntry* elt = _list; 150 _list = NULL; 151 while (elt != NULL) { 152 KlassInfoEntry* next = elt->next(); 153 delete elt; 154 elt = next; 155 } 156 } 157 158 class KlassInfoTable::AllClassesFinder : public LockedClassesDo { 159 KlassInfoTable *_table; 160 public: 161 AllClassesFinder(KlassInfoTable* table) : _table(table) {} 162 virtual void do_klass(Klass* k) { 163 // This has the SIDE EFFECT of creating a KlassInfoEntry 164 // for <k>, if one doesn't exist yet. 165 _table->lookup(k); 166 } 167 }; 168 169 170 KlassInfoTable::KlassInfoTable(bool add_all_classes) { 171 _size_of_instances_in_words = 0; 172 _ref = (HeapWord*) Universe::boolArrayKlassObj(); 173 _buckets = 174 (KlassInfoBucket*) AllocateHeap(sizeof(KlassInfoBucket) * _num_buckets, 175 mtInternal, CURRENT_PC, AllocFailStrategy::RETURN_NULL); 176 if (_buckets != NULL) { 177 for (int index = 0; index < _num_buckets; index++) { 178 _buckets[index].initialize(); 179 } 180 if (add_all_classes) { 181 AllClassesFinder finder(this); 182 ClassLoaderDataGraph::classes_do(&finder); 183 } 184 } 185 } 186 187 KlassInfoTable::~KlassInfoTable() { 188 if (_buckets != NULL) { 189 for (int index = 0; index < _num_buckets; index++) { 190 _buckets[index].empty(); 191 } 192 FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(KlassInfoBucket, _buckets); 193 _buckets = NULL; 194 } 195 } 196 197 uint KlassInfoTable::hash(const Klass* p) { 198 return (uint)(((uintptr_t)p - (uintptr_t)_ref) >> 2); 199 } 200 201 KlassInfoEntry* KlassInfoTable::lookup(Klass* k) { 202 uint idx = hash(k) % _num_buckets; 203 assert(_buckets != NULL, "Allocation failure should have been caught"); 204 KlassInfoEntry* e = _buckets[idx].lookup(k); 205 // Lookup may fail if this is a new klass for which we 206 // could not allocate space for an new entry, or if it's 207 // an archived class that we haven't loaded yet. 208 assert(e == NULL || k == e->klass(), "must be equal"); 209 return e; 210 } 211 212 // Return false if the entry could not be recorded on account 213 // of running out of space required to create a new entry. 214 bool KlassInfoTable::record_instance(const oop obj) { 215 Klass* k = obj->klass(); 216 KlassInfoEntry* elt = lookup(k); 217 // elt may be NULL if it's a new klass for which we 218 // could not allocate space for a new entry in the hashtable. 219 if (elt != NULL) { 220 elt->set_count(elt->count() + 1); 221 elt->set_words(elt->words() + obj->size()); 222 _size_of_instances_in_words += obj->size(); 223 return true; 224 } else { 225 return false; 226 } 227 } 228 229 void KlassInfoTable::iterate(KlassInfoClosure* cic) { 230 assert(_buckets != NULL, "Allocation failure should have been caught"); 231 for (int index = 0; index < _num_buckets; index++) { 232 _buckets[index].iterate(cic); 233 } 234 } 235 236 size_t KlassInfoTable::size_of_instances_in_words() const { 237 return _size_of_instances_in_words; 238 } 239 240 // Return false if the entry could not be recorded on account 241 // of running out of space required to create a new entry. 242 bool KlassInfoTable::merge_entry(const KlassInfoEntry* cie) { 243 Klass* k = cie->klass(); 244 KlassInfoEntry* elt = lookup(k); 245 // elt may be NULL if it's a new klass for which we 246 // could not allocate space for a new entry in the hashtable. 247 if (elt != NULL) { 248 elt->set_count(elt->count() + cie->count()); 249 elt->set_words(elt->words() + cie->words()); 250 _size_of_instances_in_words += cie->words(); 251 return true; 252 } else { 253 return false; 254 } 255 } 256 257 class KlassInfoTableMergeClosure : public KlassInfoClosure { 258 private: 259 KlassInfoTable* _dest; 260 bool _success; 261 public: 262 KlassInfoTableMergeClosure(KlassInfoTable* table) : _dest(table), _success(true) {} 263 void do_cinfo(KlassInfoEntry* cie) { 264 _success &= _dest->merge_entry(cie); 265 } 266 bool is_success() { return _success; } 267 }; 268 269 // merge from table 270 bool KlassInfoTable::merge(KlassInfoTable* table) { 271 KlassInfoTableMergeClosure closure(this); 272 table->iterate(&closure); 273 return closure.is_success(); 274 } 275 276 int KlassInfoHisto::sort_helper(KlassInfoEntry** e1, KlassInfoEntry** e2) { 277 return (*e1)->compare(*e1,*e2); 278 } 279 280 KlassInfoHisto::KlassInfoHisto(KlassInfoTable* cit) : 281 _cit(cit) { 282 _elements = new (ResourceObj::C_HEAP, mtInternal) GrowableArray<KlassInfoEntry*>(_histo_initial_size, true); 283 } 284 285 KlassInfoHisto::~KlassInfoHisto() { 286 delete _elements; 287 } 288 289 void KlassInfoHisto::add(KlassInfoEntry* cie) { 290 elements()->append(cie); 291 } 292 293 void KlassInfoHisto::sort() { 294 elements()->sort(KlassInfoHisto::sort_helper); 295 } 296 297 void KlassInfoHisto::print_elements(outputStream* st) const { 298 // simplify the formatting (ILP32 vs LP64) - store the sum in 64-bit 299 int64_t total = 0; 300 uint64_t totalw = 0; 301 for(int i=0; i < elements()->length(); i++) { 302 st->print("%4d: ", i+1); 303 elements()->at(i)->print_on(st); 304 total += elements()->at(i)->count(); 305 totalw += elements()->at(i)->words(); 306 } 307 st->print_cr("Total " INT64_FORMAT_W(13) " " UINT64_FORMAT_W(13), 308 total, totalw * HeapWordSize); 309 } 310 311 class HierarchyClosure : public KlassInfoClosure { 312 private: 313 GrowableArray<KlassInfoEntry*> *_elements; 314 public: 315 HierarchyClosure(GrowableArray<KlassInfoEntry*> *_elements) : _elements(_elements) {} 316 317 void do_cinfo(KlassInfoEntry* cie) { 318 // ignore array classes 319 if (cie->klass()->is_instance_klass()) { 320 _elements->append(cie); 321 } 322 } 323 }; 324 325 void KlassHierarchy::print_class_hierarchy(outputStream* st, bool print_interfaces, 326 bool print_subclasses, char* classname) { 327 ResourceMark rm; 328 Stack <KlassInfoEntry*, mtClass> class_stack; 329 GrowableArray<KlassInfoEntry*> elements; 330 331 // Add all classes to the KlassInfoTable, which allows for quick lookup. 332 // A KlassInfoEntry will be created for each class. 333 KlassInfoTable cit(true); 334 if (cit.allocation_failed()) { 335 st->print_cr("ERROR: Ran out of C-heap; hierarchy not generated"); 336 return; 337 } 338 339 // Add all created KlassInfoEntry instances to the elements array for easy 340 // iteration, and to allow each KlassInfoEntry instance to have a unique index. 341 HierarchyClosure hc(&elements); 342 cit.iterate(&hc); 343 344 for(int i = 0; i < elements.length(); i++) { 345 KlassInfoEntry* cie = elements.at(i); 346 Klass* super = cie->klass()->super(); 347 348 // Set the index for the class. 349 cie->set_index(i + 1); 350 351 // Add the class to the subclass array of its superclass. 352 if (super != NULL) { 353 KlassInfoEntry* super_cie = cit.lookup(super); 354 assert(super_cie != NULL, "could not lookup superclass"); 355 super_cie->add_subclass(cie); 356 } 357 } 358 359 // Set the do_print flag for each class that should be printed. 360 for(int i = 0; i < elements.length(); i++) { 361 KlassInfoEntry* cie = elements.at(i); 362 if (classname == NULL) { 363 // We are printing all classes. 364 cie->set_do_print(true); 365 } else { 366 // We are only printing the hierarchy of a specific class. 367 if (strcmp(classname, cie->klass()->external_name()) == 0) { 368 KlassHierarchy::set_do_print_for_class_hierarchy(cie, &cit, print_subclasses); 369 } 370 } 371 } 372 373 // Now we do a depth first traversal of the class hierachry. The class_stack will 374 // maintain the list of classes we still need to process. Start things off 375 // by priming it with java.lang.Object. 376 KlassInfoEntry* jlo_cie = cit.lookup(SystemDictionary::Object_klass()); 377 assert(jlo_cie != NULL, "could not lookup java.lang.Object"); 378 class_stack.push(jlo_cie); 379 380 // Repeatedly pop the top item off the stack, print its class info, 381 // and push all of its subclasses on to the stack. Do this until there 382 // are no classes left on the stack. 383 while (!class_stack.is_empty()) { 384 KlassInfoEntry* curr_cie = class_stack.pop(); 385 if (curr_cie->do_print()) { 386 print_class(st, curr_cie, print_interfaces); 387 if (curr_cie->subclasses() != NULL) { 388 // Current class has subclasses, so push all of them onto the stack. 389 for (int i = 0; i < curr_cie->subclasses()->length(); i++) { 390 KlassInfoEntry* cie = curr_cie->subclasses()->at(i); 391 if (cie->do_print()) { 392 class_stack.push(cie); 393 } 394 } 395 } 396 } 397 } 398 399 st->flush(); 400 } 401 402 // Sets the do_print flag for every superclass and subclass of the specified class. 403 void KlassHierarchy::set_do_print_for_class_hierarchy(KlassInfoEntry* cie, KlassInfoTable* cit, 404 bool print_subclasses) { 405 // Set do_print for all superclasses of this class. 406 Klass* super = ((InstanceKlass*)cie->klass())->java_super(); 407 while (super != NULL) { 408 KlassInfoEntry* super_cie = cit->lookup(super); 409 super_cie->set_do_print(true); 410 super = super->super(); 411 } 412 413 // Set do_print for this class and all of its subclasses. 414 Stack <KlassInfoEntry*, mtClass> class_stack; 415 class_stack.push(cie); 416 while (!class_stack.is_empty()) { 417 KlassInfoEntry* curr_cie = class_stack.pop(); 418 curr_cie->set_do_print(true); 419 if (print_subclasses && curr_cie->subclasses() != NULL) { 420 // Current class has subclasses, so push all of them onto the stack. 421 for (int i = 0; i < curr_cie->subclasses()->length(); i++) { 422 KlassInfoEntry* cie = curr_cie->subclasses()->at(i); 423 class_stack.push(cie); 424 } 425 } 426 } 427 } 428 429 static void print_indent(outputStream* st, int indent) { 430 while (indent != 0) { 431 st->print("|"); 432 indent--; 433 if (indent != 0) { 434 st->print(" "); 435 } 436 } 437 } 438 439 // Print the class name and its unique ClassLoader identifer. 440 static void print_classname(outputStream* st, Klass* klass) { 441 oop loader_oop = klass->class_loader_data()->class_loader(); 442 st->print("%s/", klass->external_name()); 443 if (loader_oop == NULL) { 444 st->print("null"); 445 } else { 446 st->print(INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(klass->class_loader_data())); 447 } 448 } 449 450 static void print_interface(outputStream* st, InstanceKlass* intf_klass, const char* intf_type, int indent) { 451 print_indent(st, indent); 452 st->print(" implements "); 453 print_classname(st, intf_klass); 454 st->print(" (%s intf)\n", intf_type); 455 } 456 457 void KlassHierarchy::print_class(outputStream* st, KlassInfoEntry* cie, bool print_interfaces) { 458 ResourceMark rm; 459 InstanceKlass* klass = (InstanceKlass*)cie->klass(); 460 int indent = 0; 461 462 // Print indentation with proper indicators of superclass. 463 Klass* super = klass->super(); 464 while (super != NULL) { 465 super = super->super(); 466 indent++; 467 } 468 print_indent(st, indent); 469 if (indent != 0) st->print("--"); 470 471 // Print the class name, its unique ClassLoader identifer, and if it is an interface. 472 print_classname(st, klass); 473 if (klass->is_interface()) { 474 st->print(" (intf)"); 475 } 476 // Special treatment for generated core reflection accessor classes: print invocation target. 477 if (ReflectionAccessorImplKlassHelper::is_generated_accessor(klass)) { 478 st->print(" (invokes: "); 479 ReflectionAccessorImplKlassHelper::print_invocation_target(st, klass); 480 st->print(")"); 481 } 482 st->print("\n"); 483 484 // Print any interfaces the class has. 485 if (print_interfaces) { 486 Array<InstanceKlass*>* local_intfs = klass->local_interfaces(); 487 Array<InstanceKlass*>* trans_intfs = klass->transitive_interfaces(); 488 for (int i = 0; i < local_intfs->length(); i++) { 489 print_interface(st, local_intfs->at(i), "declared", indent); 490 } 491 for (int i = 0; i < trans_intfs->length(); i++) { 492 InstanceKlass* trans_interface = trans_intfs->at(i); 493 // Only print transitive interfaces if they are not also declared. 494 if (!local_intfs->contains(trans_interface)) { 495 print_interface(st, trans_interface, "inherited", indent); 496 } 497 } 498 } 499 } 500 501 void KlassInfoHisto::print_histo_on(outputStream* st) { 502 st->print_cr(" num #instances #bytes class name (module)"); 503 st->print_cr("-------------------------------------------------------"); 504 print_elements(st); 505 } 506 507 class HistoClosure : public KlassInfoClosure { 508 private: 509 KlassInfoHisto* _cih; 510 public: 511 HistoClosure(KlassInfoHisto* cih) : _cih(cih) {} 512 513 void do_cinfo(KlassInfoEntry* cie) { 514 _cih->add(cie); 515 } 516 }; 517 518 class RecordInstanceClosure : public ObjectClosure { 519 private: 520 KlassInfoTable* _cit; 521 size_t _missed_count; 522 BoolObjectClosure* _filter; 523 public: 524 RecordInstanceClosure(KlassInfoTable* cit, BoolObjectClosure* filter) : 525 _cit(cit), _missed_count(0), _filter(filter) {} 526 527 void do_object(oop obj) { 528 if (should_visit(obj)) { 529 if (!_cit->record_instance(obj)) { 530 _missed_count++; 531 } 532 } 533 } 534 535 size_t missed_count() { return _missed_count; } 536 537 private: 538 bool should_visit(oop obj) { 539 return _filter == NULL || _filter->do_object_b(obj); 540 } 541 }; 542 543 // Heap inspection for every worker. 544 // When native OOM hanppens for KlassInfoTable, set _success to false. 545 // TODO(?) it seems atomically set/get _success is unnecessary becasue it 546 // is set to true at constructor and can only be set to false here. 547 // the only risk seems a worker may continue inspect heap when another 548 // worker set _success to false, but this is OK because the current worker 549 // doesn't change _success if everything is OK for it's inpection work, and 550 // the _success will be false finally and serial heap inpection can be tried. 551 void ParHeapInspectTask::work(uint worker_id) { 552 size_t missed_count = 0; 553 if (!_success) { 554 // other worker has failed on parallel iteration. 555 return; 556 } 557 558 KlassInfoTable cit(false); 559 if (!cit.allocation_failed()) { 560 RecordInstanceClosure ric(&cit, _filter); 561 _poi->object_iterate(&ric, worker_id); 562 missed_count = ric.missed_count(); 563 } else { 564 // fail to allocate memory, stop parallel mode. 565 _success = false; 566 return; 567 } 568 { 569 MutexLocker x(&_mutex); 570 571 if (!_shared_cit->merge(&cit)) { 572 _success = false; 573 return; 574 } 575 _shared_missed_count += missed_count; 576 } 577 } 578 579 size_t HeapInspection::populate_table(KlassInfoTable* cit, BoolObjectClosure *filter, size_t parallel_thread_num) { 580 ResourceMark rm; 581 582 // Try parallel first. 583 if (parallel_thread_num > 1) { 584 ParallelObjectIterator* poi = Universe::heap()->parallel_object_iterator(parallel_thread_num); 585 if (poi != NULL) { 586 ParHeapInspectTask task(poi, cit, filter); 587 Universe::heap()->run_task(&task); 588 delete poi; 589 if (task.success()) { 590 return task.missed_count(); 591 } 592 } 593 } 594 595 // If no parallel iteration available, run serially. 596 RecordInstanceClosure ric(cit, filter); 597 Universe::heap()->object_iterate(&ric); 598 return ric.missed_count(); 599 } 600 601 void HeapInspection::heap_inspection(outputStream* st, size_t parallel_thread_num) { 602 ResourceMark rm; 603 604 KlassInfoTable cit(false); 605 if (!cit.allocation_failed()) { 606 size_t missed_count = 0;; 607 // populate table with object allocation info 608 missed_count = populate_table(&cit, NULL, parallel_thread_num); 609 if (missed_count != 0) { 610 log_info(gc, classhisto)("WARNING: Ran out of C-heap; undercounted " SIZE_FORMAT 611 " total instances in data below", 612 missed_count); 613 } 614 615 // Sort and print klass instance info 616 KlassInfoHisto histo(&cit); 617 HistoClosure hc(&histo); 618 619 cit.iterate(&hc); 620 621 histo.sort(); 622 histo.print_histo_on(st); 623 } else { 624 st->print_cr("ERROR: Ran out of C-heap; histogram not generated"); 625 } 626 st->flush(); 627 } 628 629 class FindInstanceClosure : public ObjectClosure { 630 private: 631 Klass* _klass; 632 GrowableArray<oop>* _result; 633 634 public: 635 FindInstanceClosure(Klass* k, GrowableArray<oop>* result) : _klass(k), _result(result) {}; 636 637 void do_object(oop obj) { 638 if (obj->is_a(_klass)) { 639 // obj was read with AS_NO_KEEPALIVE, or equivalent. 640 // The object needs to be kept alive when it is published. 641 Universe::heap()->keep_alive(obj); 642 643 _result->append(obj); 644 } 645 } 646 }; 647 648 void HeapInspection::find_instances_at_safepoint(Klass* k, GrowableArray<oop>* result) { 649 assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "all threads are stopped"); 650 assert(Heap_lock->is_locked(), "should have the Heap_lock"); 651 652 // Ensure that the heap is parsable 653 Universe::heap()->ensure_parsability(false); // no need to retire TALBs 654 655 // Iterate over objects in the heap 656 FindInstanceClosure fic(k, result); 657 Universe::heap()->object_iterate(&fic); 658 }