src/share/classes/java/util/HashMap.java

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rev 6789 : 7143928: Optimize empty HashMap and ArrayList
Reviewed-by: mduigou
Contributed-by: Sergey Linetskiy <sergey.linetskiy@oracle.com>, John Rose <john.rose@oracle.com>, Mike Duigou <mike.duigou@oracle.com>
   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any


 127 {
 128 
 129     /**
 130      * The default initial capacity - MUST be a power of two.
 131      */
 132     static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;
 133 
 134     /**
 135      * The maximum capacity, used if a higher value is implicitly specified
 136      * by either of the constructors with arguments.
 137      * MUST be a power of two <= 1<<30.
 138      */
 139     static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
 140 
 141     /**
 142      * The load factor used when none specified in constructor.
 143      */
 144     static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
 145 
 146     /**





 147      * The table, resized as necessary. Length MUST Always be a power of two.
 148      */
 149     transient Entry<?,?>[] table;
 150 
 151     /**
 152      * The number of key-value mappings contained in this map.
 153      */
 154     transient int size;
 155 
 156     /**
 157      * The next size value at which to resize (capacity * load factor).
 158      * @serial
 159      */
 160     int threshold;
 161 
 162     /**
 163      * The load factor for the hash table.
 164      *
 165      * @serial
 166      */
 167     final float loadFactor;
 168 
 169     /**
 170      * The number of times this HashMap has been structurally modified
 171      * Structural modifications are those that change the number of mappings in
 172      * the HashMap or otherwise modify its internal structure (e.g.,
 173      * rehash).  This field is used to make iterators on Collection-views of
 174      * the HashMap fail-fast.  (See ConcurrentModificationException).
 175      */
 176     transient int modCount;
 177 
 178     private static class Holder {
 179          /**
 180          *
 181          */
 182         static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE;
 183 
 184         /**
 185          * Offset of "final" hashSeed field we must set in
 186          * readObject() method.
 187          */
 188         static final long HASHSEED_OFFSET;
 189 






 190         static {
 191             try {
 192                 UNSAFE = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
 193                 HASHSEED_OFFSET = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset(
 194                     HashMap.class.getDeclaredField("hashSeed"));


 195             } catch (NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException e) {
 196                 throw new InternalError("Failed to record hashSeed offset", e);
 197             }
 198         }
 199     }
 200 
 201     /**
 202      * A randomizing value associated with this instance that is applied to
 203      * hash code of keys to make hash collisions harder to find.
 204      */
 205     transient final int hashSeed = sun.misc.Hashing.randomHashSeed(this);
 206 
 207     /**





 208      * Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the specified initial
 209      * capacity and load factor.
 210      *
 211      * @param  initialCapacity the initial capacity
 212      * @param  loadFactor      the load factor
 213      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative
 214      *         or the load factor is nonpositive
 215      */
 216     public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
 217         if (initialCapacity < 0)
 218             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
 219                                                initialCapacity);
 220         if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
 221             initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
 222         if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
 223             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
 224                                                loadFactor);
 225 
 226         // Find a power of 2 >= initialCapacity
 227         int capacity = 1;
 228         while (capacity < initialCapacity)
 229             capacity <<= 1;

 230 
 231         this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
 232         threshold = (int)Math.min(capacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1);
 233         table = new Entry<?,?>[capacity];
 234         init();
 235     }
 236 
 237     /**
 238      * Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the specified initial
 239      * capacity and the default load factor (0.75).
 240      *
 241      * @param  initialCapacity the initial capacity.
 242      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative.
 243      */
 244     public HashMap(int initialCapacity) {
 245         this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
 246     }
 247 
 248     /**
 249      * Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the default initial capacity
 250      * (16) and the default load factor (0.75).
 251      */
 252     public HashMap() {
 253         this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
 254     }
 255 
 256     /**
 257      * Constructs a new <tt>HashMap</tt> with the same mappings as the
 258      * specified <tt>Map</tt>.  The <tt>HashMap</tt> is created with
 259      * default load factor (0.75) and an initial capacity sufficient to
 260      * hold the mappings in the specified <tt>Map</tt>.
 261      *
 262      * @param   m the map whose mappings are to be placed in this map
 263      * @throws  NullPointerException if the specified map is null
 264      */
 265     public HashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
 266         this(Math.max((int) (m.size() / DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR) + 1,
 267                       DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY), DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);


 268         putAllForCreate(m);
 269     }
 270 







 271     // internal utilities
 272 
 273     /**
 274      * Initialization hook for subclasses. This method is called
 275      * in all constructors and pseudo-constructors (clone, readObject)
 276      * after HashMap has been initialized but before any entries have
 277      * been inserted.  (In the absence of this method, readObject would
 278      * require explicit knowledge of subclasses.)
 279      */
 280     void init() {
 281     }
 282 
 283     /**
 284      * Retrieve object hash code and applies a supplemental hash function to the
 285      * result hash, which defends against poor quality hash functions.  This is
 286      * critical because HashMap uses power-of-two length hash tables, that
 287      * otherwise encounter collisions for hashCodes that do not differ
 288      * in lower bits.
 289      */
 290     final int hash(Object k) {


 352 
 353     /**
 354      * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map contains a mapping for the
 355      * specified key.
 356      *
 357      * @param   key   The key whose presence in this map is to be tested
 358      * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map contains a mapping for the specified
 359      * key.
 360      */
 361     public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
 362         return getEntry(key) != null;
 363     }
 364 
 365     /**
 366      * Returns the entry associated with the specified key in the
 367      * HashMap.  Returns null if the HashMap contains no mapping
 368      * for the key.
 369      */
 370     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 371     final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) {




 372         int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key);
 373         for (Entry<?,?> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)];
 374              e != null;
 375              e = e.next) {
 376             Object k;
 377             if (e.hash == hash &&
 378                 ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
 379                 return (Entry<K,V>)e;
 380         }
 381         return null;
 382     }
 383 
 384 
 385     /**
 386      * Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map.
 387      * If the map previously contained a mapping for the key, the old
 388      * value is replaced.
 389      *
 390      * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
 391      * @param value value to be associated with the specified key
 392      * @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or
 393      *         <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>.
 394      *         (A <tt>null</tt> return can also indicate that the map
 395      *         previously associated <tt>null</tt> with <tt>key</tt>.)
 396      */
 397     public V put(K key, V value) {



 398         if (key == null)
 399             return putForNullKey(value);
 400         int hash = hash(key);
 401         int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
 402         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 403         Entry<K,V> e = (Entry<K,V>)table[i];
 404         for(; e != null; e = e.next) {
 405             Object k;
 406             if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
 407                 V oldValue = e.value;
 408                 e.value = value;
 409                 e.recordAccess(this);
 410                 return oldValue;
 411             }
 412         }
 413 
 414         modCount++;
 415         addEntry(hash, key, value, i);
 416         return null;
 417     }


 512                 newTable[i] = e;
 513                 e = next;
 514             }
 515         }
 516         Arrays.fill(table, null);
 517     }
 518 
 519     /**
 520      * Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this map.
 521      * These mappings will replace any mappings that this map had for
 522      * any of the keys currently in the specified map.
 523      *
 524      * @param m mappings to be stored in this map
 525      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified map is null
 526      */
 527     public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
 528         int numKeysToBeAdded = m.size();
 529         if (numKeysToBeAdded == 0)
 530             return;
 531 




 532         /*
 533          * Expand the map if the map if the number of mappings to be added
 534          * is greater than or equal to threshold.  This is conservative; the
 535          * obvious condition is (m.size() + size) >= threshold, but this
 536          * condition could result in a map with twice the appropriate capacity,
 537          * if the keys to be added overlap with the keys already in this map.
 538          * By using the conservative calculation, we subject ourself
 539          * to at most one extra resize.
 540          */
 541         if (numKeysToBeAdded > threshold) {
 542             int targetCapacity = (int)(numKeysToBeAdded / loadFactor + 1);
 543             if (targetCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
 544                 targetCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
 545             int newCapacity = table.length;
 546             while (newCapacity < targetCapacity)
 547                 newCapacity <<= 1;
 548             if (newCapacity > table.length)
 549                 resize(newCapacity);
 550         }
 551 
 552         for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : m.entrySet())
 553             put(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
 554     }
 555 
 556     /**
 557      * Removes the mapping for the specified key from this map if present.
 558      *
 559      * @param  key key whose mapping is to be removed from the map
 560      * @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or
 561      *         <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>.
 562      *         (A <tt>null</tt> return can also indicate that the map
 563      *         previously associated <tt>null</tt> with <tt>key</tt>.)
 564      */
 565     public V remove(Object key) {



 566         Entry<K,V> e = removeEntryForKey(key);
 567         return (e == null ? null : e.value);
 568     }
 569 
 570     /**
 571      * Removes and returns the entry associated with the specified key
 572      * in the HashMap.  Returns null if the HashMap contains no mapping
 573      * for this key.
 574      */
 575     final Entry<K,V> removeEntryForKey(Object key) {
 576         int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key);
 577         int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
 578         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 579             Entry<K,V> prev = (Entry<K,V>)table[i];
 580         Entry<K,V> e = prev;
 581 
 582         while (e != null) {
 583             Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
 584             Object k;
 585             if (e.hash == hash &&


 590                     table[i] = next;
 591                 else
 592                     prev.next = next;
 593                 e.recordRemoval(this);
 594                 return e;
 595             }
 596             prev = e;
 597             e = next;
 598         }
 599 
 600         return e;
 601     }
 602 
 603     /**
 604      * Special version of remove for EntrySet using {@code Map.Entry.equals()}
 605      * for matching.
 606      */
 607     final Entry<K,V> removeMapping(Object o) {
 608         if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
 609             return null;



 610 
 611         Map.Entry<?,?> entry = (Map.Entry<?,?>) o;
 612         Object key = entry.getKey();
 613         int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key);
 614         int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
 615         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 616             Entry<K,V> prev = (Entry<K,V>)table[i];
 617         Entry<K,V> e = prev;
 618 
 619         while (e != null) {
 620             Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
 621             if (e.hash == hash && e.equals(entry)) {
 622                 modCount++;
 623                 size--;
 624                 if (prev == e)
 625                     table[i] = next;
 626                 else
 627                     prev.next = next;
 628                 e.recordRemoval(this);
 629                 return e;
 630             }
 631             prev = e;
 632             e = next;
 633         }
 634 
 635         return e;
 636     }
 637 
 638     /**
 639      * Removes all of the mappings from this map.
 640      * The map will be empty after this call returns.
 641      */
 642     public void clear() {
 643         modCount++;
 644         Entry<?,?>[] tab = table;
 645         for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; i++)
 646             tab[i] = null;
 647         size = 0;
 648     }
 649 
 650     /**
 651      * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the
 652      * specified value.
 653      *
 654      * @param value value whose presence in this map is to be tested
 655      * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the
 656      *         specified value
 657      */
 658     public boolean containsValue(Object value) {




 659         if (value == null)
 660             return containsNullValue();
 661 
 662         Entry<?,?>[] tab = table;
 663         for (int i = 0; i < tab.length ; i++)
 664             for (Entry<?,?> e = tab[i] ; e != null ; e = e.next)
 665                 if (value.equals(e.value))
 666                     return true;
 667         return false;
 668     }
 669 
 670     /**
 671      * Special-case code for containsValue with null argument
 672      */
 673     private boolean containsNullValue() {
 674         Entry<?,?>[] tab = table;
 675         for (int i = 0; i < tab.length ; i++)
 676             for (Entry<?,?> e = tab[i] ; e != null ; e = e.next)
 677                 if (e.value == null)
 678                     return true;
 679         return false;
 680     }
 681 
 682     /**
 683      * Returns a shallow copy of this <tt>HashMap</tt> instance: the keys and
 684      * values themselves are not cloned.
 685      *
 686      * @return a shallow copy of this map
 687      */
 688     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 689     public Object clone() {
 690         HashMap<K,V> result = null;
 691         try {
 692             result = (HashMap<K,V>)super.clone();
 693         } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
 694             // assert false;
 695         }
 696         result.table = new Entry<?,?>[table.length];


 697         result.entrySet = null;
 698         result.modCount = 0;
 699         result.size = 0;
 700         result.init();
 701         result.putAllForCreate(this);
 702 
 703         return result;
 704     }
 705 
 706     static class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
 707         final K key;
 708         V value;
 709         Entry<K,V> next;
 710         final int hash;
 711 
 712         /**
 713          * Creates new entry.
 714          */
 715         Entry(int h, K k, V v, Entry<K,V> n) {
 716             value = v;


 732             value = newValue;
 733             return oldValue;
 734         }
 735 
 736         public final boolean equals(Object o) {
 737             if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
 738                 return false;
 739             Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
 740             Object k1 = getKey();
 741             Object k2 = e.getKey();
 742             if (k1 == k2 || (k1 != null && k1.equals(k2))) {
 743                 Object v1 = getValue();
 744                 Object v2 = e.getValue();
 745                 if (v1 == v2 || (v1 != null && v1.equals(v2)))
 746                     return true;
 747             }
 748             return false;
 749         }
 750 
 751         public final int hashCode() {
 752             return (key==null   ? 0 : key.hashCode()) ^
 753                    (value==null ? 0 : value.hashCode());
 754         }
 755 
 756         public final String toString() {
 757             return getKey() + "=" + getValue();
 758         }
 759 
 760         /**
 761          * This method is invoked whenever the value in an entry is
 762          * overwritten by an invocation of put(k,v) for a key k that's already
 763          * in the HashMap.
 764          */
 765         void recordAccess(HashMap<K,V> m) {
 766         }
 767 
 768         /**
 769          * This method is invoked whenever the entry is
 770          * removed from the table.
 771          */
 772         void recordRemoval(HashMap<K,V> m) {
 773         }


1000         }
1001         public void clear() {
1002             HashMap.this.clear();
1003         }
1004     }
1005 
1006     /**
1007      * Save the state of the <tt>HashMap</tt> instance to a stream (i.e.,
1008      * serialize it).
1009      *
1010      * @serialData The <i>capacity</i> of the HashMap (the length of the
1011      *             bucket array) is emitted (int), followed by the
1012      *             <i>size</i> (an int, the number of key-value
1013      *             mappings), followed by the key (Object) and value (Object)
1014      *             for each key-value mapping.  The key-value mappings are
1015      *             emitted in no particular order.
1016      */
1017     private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
1018         throws IOException
1019     {
1020         Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> i =
1021             (size > 0) ? entrySet0().iterator() : null;
1022 
1023         // Write out the threshold, loadfactor, and any hidden stuff
1024         s.defaultWriteObject();
1025 
1026         // Write out number of buckets



1027         s.writeInt(table.length);
1028 
1029         // Write out size (number of Mappings)
1030         s.writeInt(size);
1031 
1032         // Write out keys and values (alternating)
1033         if (size > 0) {
1034             for(Map.Entry<K,V> e : entrySet0()) {
1035                 s.writeObject(e.getKey());
1036                 s.writeObject(e.getValue());
1037             }
1038         }
1039     }
1040 
1041     private static final long serialVersionUID = 362498820763181265L;
1042 
1043     /**
1044      * Reconstitute the {@code HashMap} instance from a stream (i.e.,
1045      * deserialize it).
1046      */


1049     {
1050         // Read in the threshold (ignored), loadfactor, and any hidden stuff
1051         s.defaultReadObject();
1052         if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
1053             throw new InvalidObjectException("Illegal load factor: " +
1054                                                loadFactor);
1055 
1056         // set hashMask
1057         Holder.UNSAFE.putIntVolatile(this, Holder.HASHSEED_OFFSET,
1058                 sun.misc.Hashing.randomHashSeed(this));
1059 
1060         // Read in number of buckets and allocate the bucket array;
1061         s.readInt(); // ignored
1062 
1063         // Read number of mappings
1064         int mappings = s.readInt();
1065         if (mappings < 0)
1066             throw new InvalidObjectException("Illegal mappings count: " +
1067                                                mappings);
1068 
1069         int initialCapacity = (int) Math.min(
1070                 // capacity chosen by number of mappings
1071                 // and desired load (if >= 0.25)
1072                 mappings * Math.min(1 / loadFactor, 4.0f),
1073                 // we have limits...
1074                 HashMap.MAXIMUM_CAPACITY);
1075         int capacity = 1;
1076         // find smallest power of two which holds all mappings
1077         while (capacity < initialCapacity) {
1078             capacity <<= 1;









1079         }
1080 
1081         table = new Entry<?,?>[capacity];
1082         threshold = (int) Math.min(capacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1);
1083         init();  // Give subclass a chance to do its thing.
1084 
1085 
1086         // Read the keys and values, and put the mappings in the HashMap
1087         for (int i=0; i<mappings; i++) {
1088             @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1089                 K key = (K) s.readObject();
1090             @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1091                 V value = (V) s.readObject();
1092             putForCreate(key, value);
1093         }
1094     }
1095 
1096     // These methods are used when serializing HashSets
1097     int   capacity()     { return table.length; }
1098     float loadFactor()   { return loadFactor;   }
1099 }
   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any


 127 {
 128 
 129     /**
 130      * The default initial capacity - MUST be a power of two.
 131      */
 132     static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;
 133 
 134     /**
 135      * The maximum capacity, used if a higher value is implicitly specified
 136      * by either of the constructors with arguments.
 137      * MUST be a power of two <= 1<<30.
 138      */
 139     static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
 140 
 141     /**
 142      * The load factor used when none specified in constructor.
 143      */
 144     static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
 145 
 146     /**
 147      * An empty table instance to share when the table is not inflated.
 148      */
 149     static final Entry<?,?>[] EMPTY_TABLE = {};
 150 
 151     /**
 152      * The table, resized as necessary. Length MUST Always be a power of two.
 153      */
 154     transient Entry<?,?>[] table = EMPTY_TABLE;
 155 
 156     /**
 157      * The number of key-value mappings contained in this map.
 158      */
 159     transient int size;
 160 
 161     /**
 162      * The next size value at which to resize (capacity * load factor).
 163      * @serial
 164      */
 165     int threshold;
 166 
 167     /**
 168      * The load factor for the hash table.
 169      *
 170      * @serial
 171      */
 172     final float loadFactor;
 173 
 174     /**
 175      * The number of times this HashMap has been structurally modified
 176      * Structural modifications are those that change the number of mappings in
 177      * the HashMap or otherwise modify its internal structure (e.g.,
 178      * rehash).  This field is used to make iterators on Collection-views of
 179      * the HashMap fail-fast.  (See ConcurrentModificationException).
 180      */
 181     transient int modCount;
 182 
 183     private static class Holder {
 184          /**
 185          *
 186          */
 187         static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE;
 188 
 189         /**
 190          * Offset of "final" hashSeed field we must set in
 191          * readObject() method.
 192          */
 193         static final long HASHSEED_OFFSET;
 194 
 195         /**
 196          * Offset of "final" initialCapacity field we must set in
 197          * readObject() method.
 198          */
 199         static final long INITIAL_CAPACITY_OFFSET;
 200 
 201         static {
 202             try {
 203                 UNSAFE = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
 204                 HASHSEED_OFFSET = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset(
 205                     HashMap.class.getDeclaredField("hashSeed"));
 206                 INITIAL_CAPACITY_OFFSET = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset(
 207                     HashMap.class.getDeclaredField("initialCapacity"));
 208             } catch (NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException e) {
 209                 throw new InternalError("Failed to record field offset", e);
 210             }
 211         }
 212     }
 213 
 214     /**
 215      * A randomizing value associated with this instance that is applied to
 216      * hash code of keys to make hash collisions harder to find.
 217      */
 218     transient final int hashSeed = sun.misc.Hashing.randomHashSeed(this);
 219 
 220     /**
 221      * The requested initial capacity increased to a power of two.
 222      */
 223     transient final int initialCapacity;
 224 
 225     /**
 226      * Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the specified initial
 227      * capacity and load factor.
 228      *
 229      * @param  initialCapacity the initial capacity
 230      * @param  loadFactor      the load factor
 231      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative
 232      *         or the load factor is nonpositive
 233      */
 234     public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
 235         if (initialCapacity < 0)
 236             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
 237                                                initialCapacity);
 238         if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
 239             initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
 240         if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
 241             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
 242                                                loadFactor);
 243 
 244         // Find a power of 2 >= initialCapacity
 245         int capacity = (capacity = Integer.highestOneBit(initialCapacity)) != 0
 246                 ? capacity
 247                 : 1;
 248         capacity <<= (Integer.bitCount(initialCapacity) > 1) ? 1 : 0;
 249 
 250         this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
 251         threshold = 0;
 252         this.initialCapacity = capacity;
 253         init();
 254     }
 255 
 256     /**
 257      * Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the specified initial
 258      * capacity and the default load factor (0.75).
 259      *
 260      * @param  initialCapacity the initial capacity.
 261      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative.
 262      */
 263     public HashMap(int initialCapacity) {
 264         this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
 265     }
 266 
 267     /**
 268      * Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the default initial capacity
 269      * (16) and the default load factor (0.75).
 270      */
 271     public HashMap() {
 272         this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
 273     }
 274 
 275     /**
 276      * Constructs a new <tt>HashMap</tt> with the same mappings as the
 277      * specified <tt>Map</tt>.  The <tt>HashMap</tt> is created with
 278      * default load factor (0.75) and an initial capacity sufficient to
 279      * hold the mappings in the specified <tt>Map</tt>.
 280      *
 281      * @param   m the map whose mappings are to be placed in this map
 282      * @throws  NullPointerException if the specified map is null
 283      */
 284     public HashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
 285         this(Math.max((int) (m.size() / DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR) + 1,
 286                       DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY), DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
 287         inflateTable();
 288 
 289         putAllForCreate(m);
 290     }
 291 
 292     /**
 293      * Inflate the table
 294      */
 295     final void inflateTable() {
 296       threshold = (int)Math.min(initialCapacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1);
 297       table = new Entry[initialCapacity];
 298     }
 299     // internal utilities
 300 
 301     /**
 302      * Initialization hook for subclasses. This method is called
 303      * in all constructors and pseudo-constructors (clone, readObject)
 304      * after HashMap has been initialized but before any entries have
 305      * been inserted.  (In the absence of this method, readObject would
 306      * require explicit knowledge of subclasses.)
 307      */
 308     void init() {
 309     }
 310 
 311     /**
 312      * Retrieve object hash code and applies a supplemental hash function to the
 313      * result hash, which defends against poor quality hash functions.  This is
 314      * critical because HashMap uses power-of-two length hash tables, that
 315      * otherwise encounter collisions for hashCodes that do not differ
 316      * in lower bits.
 317      */
 318     final int hash(Object k) {


 380 
 381     /**
 382      * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map contains a mapping for the
 383      * specified key.
 384      *
 385      * @param   key   The key whose presence in this map is to be tested
 386      * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map contains a mapping for the specified
 387      * key.
 388      */
 389     public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
 390         return getEntry(key) != null;
 391     }
 392 
 393     /**
 394      * Returns the entry associated with the specified key in the
 395      * HashMap.  Returns null if the HashMap contains no mapping
 396      * for the key.
 397      */
 398     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 399     final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) {
 400         if (isEmpty()) {
 401             return null;
 402         }
 403 
 404         int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key);
 405         for (Entry<?,?> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)];
 406              e != null;
 407              e = e.next) {
 408             Object k;
 409             if (e.hash == hash &&
 410                 ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
 411                 return (Entry<K,V>)e;
 412         }
 413         return null;
 414     }
 415 

 416     /**
 417      * Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map.
 418      * If the map previously contained a mapping for the key, the old
 419      * value is replaced.
 420      *
 421      * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
 422      * @param value value to be associated with the specified key
 423      * @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or
 424      *         <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>.
 425      *         (A <tt>null</tt> return can also indicate that the map
 426      *         previously associated <tt>null</tt> with <tt>key</tt>.)
 427      */
 428     public V put(K key, V value) {
 429         if (table == EMPTY_TABLE) {
 430             inflateTable();
 431         }
 432         if (key == null)
 433             return putForNullKey(value);
 434         int hash = hash(key);
 435         int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
 436         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 437         Entry<K,V> e = (Entry<K,V>)table[i];
 438         for(; e != null; e = e.next) {
 439             Object k;
 440             if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
 441                 V oldValue = e.value;
 442                 e.value = value;
 443                 e.recordAccess(this);
 444                 return oldValue;
 445             }
 446         }
 447 
 448         modCount++;
 449         addEntry(hash, key, value, i);
 450         return null;
 451     }


 546                 newTable[i] = e;
 547                 e = next;
 548             }
 549         }
 550         Arrays.fill(table, null);
 551     }
 552 
 553     /**
 554      * Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this map.
 555      * These mappings will replace any mappings that this map had for
 556      * any of the keys currently in the specified map.
 557      *
 558      * @param m mappings to be stored in this map
 559      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified map is null
 560      */
 561     public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
 562         int numKeysToBeAdded = m.size();
 563         if (numKeysToBeAdded == 0)
 564             return;
 565 
 566         if (table == EMPTY_TABLE) {
 567             inflateTable();
 568         }
 569 
 570         /*
 571          * Expand the map if the map if the number of mappings to be added
 572          * is greater than or equal to threshold.  This is conservative; the
 573          * obvious condition is (m.size() + size) >= threshold, but this
 574          * condition could result in a map with twice the appropriate capacity,
 575          * if the keys to be added overlap with the keys already in this map.
 576          * By using the conservative calculation, we subject ourself
 577          * to at most one extra resize.
 578          */
 579         if (numKeysToBeAdded > threshold) {
 580             int targetCapacity = (int)(numKeysToBeAdded / loadFactor + 1);
 581             if (targetCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
 582                 targetCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
 583             int newCapacity = table.length;
 584             while (newCapacity < targetCapacity)
 585                 newCapacity <<= 1;
 586             if (newCapacity > table.length)
 587                 resize(newCapacity);
 588         }
 589 
 590         for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : m.entrySet())
 591             put(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
 592     }
 593 
 594     /**
 595      * Removes the mapping for the specified key from this map if present.
 596      *
 597      * @param  key key whose mapping is to be removed from the map
 598      * @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or
 599      *         <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>.
 600      *         (A <tt>null</tt> return can also indicate that the map
 601      *         previously associated <tt>null</tt> with <tt>key</tt>.)
 602      */
 603     public V remove(Object key) {
 604         if(isEmpty()) {
 605             return null;
 606         }
 607         Entry<K,V> e = removeEntryForKey(key);
 608         return (e == null ? null : e.value);
 609     }
 610 
 611     /**
 612      * Removes and returns the entry associated with the specified key
 613      * in the HashMap.  Returns null if the HashMap contains no mapping
 614      * for this key.
 615      */
 616     final Entry<K,V> removeEntryForKey(Object key) {
 617         int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key);
 618         int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
 619         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 620             Entry<K,V> prev = (Entry<K,V>)table[i];
 621         Entry<K,V> e = prev;
 622 
 623         while (e != null) {
 624             Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
 625             Object k;
 626             if (e.hash == hash &&


 631                     table[i] = next;
 632                 else
 633                     prev.next = next;
 634                 e.recordRemoval(this);
 635                 return e;
 636             }
 637             prev = e;
 638             e = next;
 639         }
 640 
 641         return e;
 642     }
 643 
 644     /**
 645      * Special version of remove for EntrySet using {@code Map.Entry.equals()}
 646      * for matching.
 647      */
 648     final Entry<K,V> removeMapping(Object o) {
 649         if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
 650             return null;
 651         if(isEmpty()) {
 652             return null;
 653         }
 654 
 655         Map.Entry<?,?> entry = (Map.Entry<?,?>) o;
 656         Object key = entry.getKey();
 657         int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key);
 658         int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
 659         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 660             Entry<K,V> prev = (Entry<K,V>)table[i];
 661         Entry<K,V> e = prev;
 662 
 663         while (e != null) {
 664             Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
 665             if (e.hash == hash && e.equals(entry)) {
 666                 modCount++;
 667                 size--;
 668                 if (prev == e)
 669                     table[i] = next;
 670                 else
 671                     prev.next = next;
 672                 e.recordRemoval(this);
 673                 return e;
 674             }
 675             prev = e;
 676             e = next;
 677         }
 678 
 679         return e;
 680     }
 681 
 682     /**
 683      * Removes all of the mappings from this map.
 684      * The map will be empty after this call returns.
 685      */
 686     public void clear() {
 687         modCount++;
 688         Arrays.fill(table, null);


 689         size = 0;
 690     }
 691 
 692     /**
 693      * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the
 694      * specified value.
 695      *
 696      * @param value value whose presence in this map is to be tested
 697      * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the
 698      *         specified value
 699      */
 700     public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
 701         if(isEmpty()) {
 702             return false;
 703         }
 704 
 705         if (value == null)
 706             return containsNullValue();
 707 
 708         Entry<?,?>[] tab = table;
 709         for (int i = 0; i < tab.length ; i++)
 710             for (Entry<?,?> e = tab[i] ; e != null ; e = e.next)
 711                 if (value.equals(e.value))
 712                     return true;
 713         return false;
 714     }
 715 
 716     /**
 717      * Special-case code for containsValue with null argument
 718      */
 719     private boolean containsNullValue() {
 720         Entry<?,?>[] tab = table;
 721         for (int i = 0; i < tab.length ; i++)
 722             for (Entry<?,?> e = tab[i] ; e != null ; e = e.next)
 723                 if (e.value == null)
 724                     return true;
 725         return false;
 726     }
 727 
 728     /**
 729      * Returns a shallow copy of this <tt>HashMap</tt> instance: the keys and
 730      * values themselves are not cloned.
 731      *
 732      * @return a shallow copy of this map
 733      */
 734     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 735     public Object clone() {
 736         HashMap<K,V> result = null;
 737         try {
 738             result = (HashMap<K,V>)super.clone();
 739         } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
 740             // assert false;
 741         }
 742         result.table = (table == EMPTY_TABLE)
 743             ? EMPTY_TABLE
 744             : new Entry<?,?>[table.length];
 745         result.entrySet = null;
 746         result.modCount = 0;
 747         result.size = 0;
 748         result.init();
 749         result.putAllForCreate(this);
 750 
 751         return result;
 752     }
 753 
 754     static class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
 755         final K key;
 756         V value;
 757         Entry<K,V> next;
 758         final int hash;
 759 
 760         /**
 761          * Creates new entry.
 762          */
 763         Entry(int h, K k, V v, Entry<K,V> n) {
 764             value = v;


 780             value = newValue;
 781             return oldValue;
 782         }
 783 
 784         public final boolean equals(Object o) {
 785             if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
 786                 return false;
 787             Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
 788             Object k1 = getKey();
 789             Object k2 = e.getKey();
 790             if (k1 == k2 || (k1 != null && k1.equals(k2))) {
 791                 Object v1 = getValue();
 792                 Object v2 = e.getValue();
 793                 if (v1 == v2 || (v1 != null && v1.equals(v2)))
 794                     return true;
 795             }
 796             return false;
 797         }
 798 
 799         public final int hashCode() {
 800             return Objects.hashCode(getKey()) ^ Objects.hashCode(getValue());

 801         }
 802 
 803         public final String toString() {
 804             return getKey() + "=" + getValue();
 805         }
 806 
 807         /**
 808          * This method is invoked whenever the value in an entry is
 809          * overwritten by an invocation of put(k,v) for a key k that's already
 810          * in the HashMap.
 811          */
 812         void recordAccess(HashMap<K,V> m) {
 813         }
 814 
 815         /**
 816          * This method is invoked whenever the entry is
 817          * removed from the table.
 818          */
 819         void recordRemoval(HashMap<K,V> m) {
 820         }


1047         }
1048         public void clear() {
1049             HashMap.this.clear();
1050         }
1051     }
1052 
1053     /**
1054      * Save the state of the <tt>HashMap</tt> instance to a stream (i.e.,
1055      * serialize it).
1056      *
1057      * @serialData The <i>capacity</i> of the HashMap (the length of the
1058      *             bucket array) is emitted (int), followed by the
1059      *             <i>size</i> (an int, the number of key-value
1060      *             mappings), followed by the key (Object) and value (Object)
1061      *             for each key-value mapping.  The key-value mappings are
1062      *             emitted in no particular order.
1063      */
1064     private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
1065         throws IOException
1066     {



1067         // Write out the threshold, loadfactor, and any hidden stuff
1068         s.defaultWriteObject();
1069 
1070         // Write out number of buckets
1071         if (table==EMPTY_TABLE)
1072             s.writeInt(initialCapacity); // power of 2.
1073         else
1074            s.writeInt(table.length);
1075 
1076         // Write out size (number of Mappings)
1077         s.writeInt(size);
1078 
1079         // Write out keys and values (alternating)
1080         if (size > 0) {
1081             for(Map.Entry<K,V> e : entrySet0()) {
1082                 s.writeObject(e.getKey());
1083                 s.writeObject(e.getValue());
1084             }
1085         }
1086     }
1087 
1088     private static final long serialVersionUID = 362498820763181265L;
1089 
1090     /**
1091      * Reconstitute the {@code HashMap} instance from a stream (i.e.,
1092      * deserialize it).
1093      */


1096     {
1097         // Read in the threshold (ignored), loadfactor, and any hidden stuff
1098         s.defaultReadObject();
1099         if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
1100             throw new InvalidObjectException("Illegal load factor: " +
1101                                                loadFactor);
1102 
1103         // set hashMask
1104         Holder.UNSAFE.putIntVolatile(this, Holder.HASHSEED_OFFSET,
1105                 sun.misc.Hashing.randomHashSeed(this));
1106 
1107         // Read in number of buckets and allocate the bucket array;
1108         s.readInt(); // ignored
1109 
1110         // Read number of mappings
1111         int mappings = s.readInt();
1112         if (mappings < 0)
1113             throw new InvalidObjectException("Illegal mappings count: " +
1114                                                mappings);
1115 
1116         int mappingsCapacity = Math.max((int) Math.min(
1117                 // capacity chosen by number of mappings
1118                 // and desired load (if >= 0.25)
1119                 mappings * Math.min(1 / loadFactor, 4.0f),
1120                 // we have limits...
1121                 HashMap.MAXIMUM_CAPACITY), 0);
1122         // Find a power of 2 >= mappingCapacity
1123         int capacity = (capacity = Integer.highestOneBit(mappingsCapacity)) != 0
1124                 ? capacity
1125                 : 1;
1126         capacity <<= (Integer.bitCount(mappingsCapacity) > 1) ? 1 : 0;
1127         Holder.UNSAFE.putIntVolatile(this, Holder.INITIAL_CAPACITY_OFFSET,
1128                 capacity);
1129 
1130         if(mappings > 0) {
1131             inflateTable();
1132         } else {
1133             table = EMPTY_TABLE;
1134             threshold = 0;
1135         }
1136 


1137         init();  // Give subclass a chance to do its thing.

1138 
1139         // Read the keys and values, and put the mappings in the HashMap
1140         for (int i=0; i<mappings; i++) {
1141             @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1142                 K key = (K) s.readObject();
1143             @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1144                 V value = (V) s.readObject();
1145             putForCreate(key, value);
1146         }
1147     }
1148 
1149     // These methods are used when serializing HashSets
1150     int   capacity()     { return table.length; }
1151     float loadFactor()   { return loadFactor;   }
1152 }