1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2005, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  */
  23 
  24 /*
  25  * @test
  26  * @bug     6207984 6272521 6192552 6269713 6197726 6260652 5073546 4137464
  27  *          4155650 4216399 4294891 6282555 6318622 6355327 6383475 6420753
  28  *          6431845 4802633 6570566 6570575 6570631 6570924 6691185 6691215
  29  *          4802647 7123424
  30  * @summary Run many tests on many Collection and Map implementations
  31  * @author  Martin Buchholz
  32  * @run main MOAT
  33  * @run main/othervm -XX:+AggressiveOpts MOAT
  34  */
  35 
  36 /* Mother Of All (Collection) Tests
  37  *
  38  * Testing of collection classes is often spotty, because many tests
  39  * need to be performed on many implementations, but the onus on
  40  * writing the tests falls on the engineer introducing the new
  41  * implementation.
  42  *
  43  * The idea of this mega-test is that:
  44  *
  45  * An engineer adding a new collection implementation could simply add
  46  * their new implementation to a list of implementations in this
  47  * test's main method.  Any general purpose Collection<Integer> or
  48  * Map<Integer,Integer> class is appropriate.
  49  *
  50  * An engineer fixing a regression could add their regression test here and
  51  * simultaneously test all other implementations.
  52  */
  53 
  54 import java.io.*;
  55 import java.util.*;
  56 import java.util.concurrent.*;
  57 import static java.util.Collections.*;
  58 
  59 public class MOAT {
  60     public static void realMain(String[] args) {
  61 
  62         testCollection(new NewAbstractCollection<Integer>());
  63         testCollection(new NewAbstractSet<Integer>());
  64         testCollection(new LinkedHashSet<Integer>());
  65         testCollection(new HashSet<Integer>());
  66         testCollection(new Vector<Integer>());
  67         testCollection(new Vector<Integer>().subList(0,0));
  68         testCollection(new ArrayDeque<Integer>());
  69         testCollection(new ArrayList<Integer>());
  70         testCollection(new ArrayList<Integer>().subList(0,0));
  71         testCollection(new LinkedList<Integer>());
  72         testCollection(new LinkedList<Integer>().subList(0,0));
  73         testCollection(new TreeSet<Integer>());
  74         testCollection(Collections.checkedList(new ArrayList<Integer>(), Integer.class));
  75         testCollection(Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<Integer>()));
  76         testCollection(Collections.checkedSet(new HashSet<Integer>(), Integer.class));
  77         testCollection(Collections.checkedSortedSet(new TreeSet<Integer>(), Integer.class));
  78         testCollection(Collections.checkedNavigableSet(new TreeSet<Integer>(), Integer.class));
  79         testCollection(Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<Integer>()));
  80         testCollection(Collections.synchronizedSortedSet(new TreeSet<Integer>()));
  81         testCollection(Collections.synchronizedNavigableSet(new TreeSet<Integer>()));
  82 
  83         testCollection(new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Integer>());
  84         testCollection(new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Integer>().subList(0,0));
  85         testCollection(new CopyOnWriteArraySet<Integer>());
  86         testCollection(new PriorityQueue<Integer>());
  87         testCollection(new PriorityBlockingQueue<Integer>());
  88         testCollection(new ArrayBlockingQueue<Integer>(20));
  89         testCollection(new LinkedBlockingQueue<Integer>(20));
  90         testCollection(new LinkedBlockingDeque<Integer>(20));
  91         testCollection(new ConcurrentLinkedDeque<Integer>());
  92         testCollection(new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<Integer>());
  93         testCollection(new LinkedTransferQueue<Integer>());
  94         testCollection(new ConcurrentSkipListSet<Integer>());
  95         testCollection(Arrays.asList(new Integer(42)));
  96         testCollection(Arrays.asList(1,2,3));
  97         testCollection(nCopies(25,1));
  98         testImmutableList(nCopies(25,1));
  99         testImmutableList(unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(1,2,3)));
 100 
 101         testMap(new HashMap<Integer,Integer>());
 102         testMap(new LinkedHashMap<Integer,Integer>());
 103         testMap(new WeakHashMap<Integer,Integer>());
 104         testMap(new IdentityHashMap<Integer,Integer>());
 105         testMap(new TreeMap<Integer,Integer>());
 106         testMap(new Hashtable<Integer,Integer>());
 107         testMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<Integer,Integer>(10, 0.5f));
 108         testMap(new ConcurrentSkipListMap<Integer,Integer>());
 109         testMap(Collections.checkedMap(new HashMap<Integer,Integer>(), Integer.class, Integer.class));
 110         testMap(Collections.checkedSortedMap(new TreeMap<Integer,Integer>(), Integer.class, Integer.class));
 111         testMap(Collections.checkedNavigableMap(new TreeMap<Integer,Integer>(), Integer.class, Integer.class));
 112         testMap(Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<Integer,Integer>()));
 113         testMap(Collections.synchronizedSortedMap(new TreeMap<Integer,Integer>()));
 114         testMap(Collections.synchronizedNavigableMap(new TreeMap<Integer,Integer>()));
 115 
 116         // Empty collections
 117         final List<Integer> emptyArray = Arrays.asList(new Integer[]{});
 118         testCollection(emptyArray);
 119         testEmptyList(emptyArray);
 120         THROWS(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class,
 121                new Fun(){void f(){ emptyArray.set(0,1); }});
 122         THROWS(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
 123                new Fun(){void f(){ emptyArray.add(0,1); }});
 124 
 125         List<Integer> noOne = nCopies(0,1);
 126         testCollection(noOne);
 127         testEmptyList(noOne);
 128         testImmutableList(noOne);
 129 
 130         Set<Integer> emptySet = emptySet();
 131         testCollection(emptySet);
 132         testEmptySet(emptySet);
 133         testEmptySet(EMPTY_SET);
 134         testEmptySet(Collections.emptySet());
 135         testEmptySet(Collections.emptySortedSet());
 136         testEmptySet(Collections.emptyNavigableSet());
 137         testImmutableSet(emptySet);
 138 
 139         List<Integer> emptyList = emptyList();
 140         testCollection(emptyList);
 141         testEmptyList(emptyList);
 142         testEmptyList(EMPTY_LIST);
 143         testEmptyList(Collections.emptyList());
 144         testImmutableList(emptyList);
 145 
 146         Map<Integer,Integer> emptyMap = emptyMap();
 147         testMap(emptyMap);
 148         testEmptyMap(emptyMap);
 149         testEmptyMap(EMPTY_MAP);
 150         testEmptyMap(Collections.emptyMap());
 151         testEmptyMap(Collections.emptySortedMap());
 152         testEmptyMap(Collections.emptyNavigableMap());
 153         testImmutableMap(emptyMap);
 154         testImmutableMap(Collections.emptyMap());
 155         testImmutableMap(Collections.emptySortedMap());
 156         testImmutableMap(Collections.emptyNavigableMap());
 157 
 158         // Singleton collections
 159         Set<Integer> singletonSet = singleton(1);
 160         equal(singletonSet.size(), 1);
 161         testCollection(singletonSet);
 162         testImmutableSet(singletonSet);
 163 
 164         List<Integer> singletonList = singletonList(1);
 165         equal(singletonList.size(), 1);
 166         testCollection(singletonList);
 167         testImmutableList(singletonList);
 168         testImmutableList(singletonList.subList(0,1));
 169         testImmutableList(singletonList.subList(0,1).subList(0,1));
 170         testEmptyList(singletonList.subList(0,0));
 171         testEmptyList(singletonList.subList(0,0).subList(0,0));
 172 
 173         Map<Integer,Integer> singletonMap = singletonMap(1,2);
 174         equal(singletonMap.size(), 1);
 175         testMap(singletonMap);
 176         testImmutableMap(singletonMap);
 177     }
 178 
 179     private static void checkContainsSelf(Collection<Integer> c) {
 180         check(c.containsAll(c));
 181         check(c.containsAll(Arrays.asList(c.toArray())));
 182         check(c.containsAll(Arrays.asList(c.toArray(new Integer[0]))));
 183     }
 184 
 185     private static void checkContainsEmpty(Collection<Integer> c) {
 186         check(c.containsAll(new ArrayList<Integer>()));
 187     }
 188 
 189     private static <T> void testEmptyCollection(Collection<T> c) {
 190         check(c.isEmpty());
 191         equal(c.size(), 0);
 192         equal(c.toString(),"[]");
 193         equal(c.toArray().length, 0);
 194         equal(c.toArray(new Object[0]).length, 0);
 195         check(c.toArray(new Object[]{42})[0] == null);
 196 
 197         Object[] a = new Object[1]; a[0] = Boolean.TRUE;
 198         equal(c.toArray(a), a);
 199         equal(a[0], null);
 200         testEmptyIterator(c.iterator());
 201     }
 202 
 203     static <T> void testEmptyIterator(final Iterator<T> it) {
 204         if (rnd.nextBoolean())
 205             check(! it.hasNext());
 206 
 207         THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class,
 208                new Fun(){void f(){ it.next(); }});
 209 
 210         try { it.remove(); }
 211         catch (IllegalStateException _) { pass(); }
 212         catch (UnsupportedOperationException _) { pass(); }
 213         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 214 
 215         if (rnd.nextBoolean())
 216             check(! it.hasNext());
 217     }
 218 
 219     private static void testEmptyList(List<?> c) {
 220         testEmptyCollection(c);
 221         equal(c.hashCode(), 1);
 222         equal2(c, Collections.<Integer>emptyList());
 223     }
 224 
 225     private static <T> void testEmptySet(Set<T> c) {
 226         testEmptyCollection(c);
 227         equal(c.hashCode(), 0);
 228         equal2(c, Collections.<Integer>emptySet());
 229         if (c instanceof NavigableSet<?>)
 230             testEmptyIterator(((NavigableSet<T>)c).descendingIterator());
 231     }
 232 
 233     private static void testImmutableCollection(final Collection<Integer> c) {
 234         THROWS(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
 235                new Fun(){void f(){ c.add(99); }},
 236                new Fun(){void f(){ c.addAll(singleton(99)); }});
 237         if (! c.isEmpty()) {
 238             final Integer first = c.iterator().next();
 239             THROWS(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
 240                    new Fun(){void f(){ c.clear(); }},
 241                    new Fun(){void f(){ c.remove(first); }},
 242                    new Fun(){void f(){ c.removeAll(singleton(first)); }},
 243                    new Fun(){void f(){ c.retainAll(emptyList()); }}
 244                    );
 245         }
 246     }
 247 
 248     private static void testImmutableSet(final Set<Integer> c) {
 249         testImmutableCollection(c);
 250     }
 251 
 252     private static void testImmutableList(final List<Integer> c) {
 253         testList(c);
 254         testImmutableCollection(c);
 255         THROWS(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
 256                new Fun(){void f(){ c.set(0,42); }},
 257                new Fun(){void f(){ c.add(0,42); }},
 258                new Fun(){void f(){ c.addAll(0,singleton(86)); }});
 259         if (! c.isEmpty())
 260             THROWS(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
 261                    new Fun(){void f(){
 262                            Iterator<Integer> it = c.iterator();
 263                            it.next(); it.remove();}},
 264                    new Fun(){void f(){
 265                            ListIterator<Integer> it = c.listIterator();
 266                            it.next(); it.remove();}});
 267     }
 268 
 269     private static void clear(Collection<Integer> c) {
 270         try { c.clear(); }
 271         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 272         testEmptyCollection(c);
 273     }
 274 
 275     private static <K,V> void testEmptyMap(final Map<K,V> m) {
 276         check(m.isEmpty());
 277         equal(m.size(), 0);
 278         equal(m.toString(),"{}");
 279         testEmptySet(m.keySet());
 280         testEmptySet(m.entrySet());
 281         testEmptyCollection(m.values());
 282 
 283         try { check(! m.containsValue(null)); }
 284         catch (NullPointerException _) { /* OK */ }
 285         try { check(! m.containsKey(null)); }
 286         catch (NullPointerException _) { /* OK */ }
 287         check(! m.containsValue(1));
 288         check(! m.containsKey(1));
 289     }
 290 
 291     private static void testImmutableMap(final Map<Integer,Integer> m) {
 292         THROWS(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
 293                new Fun(){void f(){ m.put(1,1); }},
 294                new Fun(){void f(){ m.putAll(singletonMap(1,1)); }});
 295         if (! m.isEmpty()) {
 296             final Integer first = m.keySet().iterator().next();
 297             THROWS(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
 298                    new Fun(){void f(){ m.remove(first); }},
 299                    new Fun(){void f(){ m.clear(); }});
 300             final Map.Entry<Integer,Integer> me
 301                 = m.entrySet().iterator().next();
 302             Integer key = me.getKey();
 303             Integer val = me.getValue();
 304             THROWS(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
 305                    new Fun(){void f(){ me.setValue(3); }});
 306             equal(key, me.getKey());
 307             equal(val, me.getValue());
 308         }
 309         testImmutableSet(m.keySet());
 310         testImmutableCollection(m.values());
 311         //testImmutableSet(m.entrySet());
 312     }
 313 
 314     private static void clear(Map<?,?> m) {
 315         try { m.clear(); }
 316         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 317         testEmptyMap(m);
 318     }
 319 
 320     private static void oneElement(Collection<Integer> c) {
 321         clear(c);
 322         try {
 323             check(c.add(-42));
 324             equal(c.toString(), "[-42]");
 325             if (c instanceof Set) check(! c.add(-42));
 326         } catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 327         check(! c.isEmpty()); check(c.size() == 1);
 328     }
 329 
 330     private static boolean supportsAdd(Collection<Integer> c) {
 331         try { check(c.add(778347983)); }
 332         catch (UnsupportedOperationException t) { return false; }
 333         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 334 
 335         try {
 336             check(c.contains(778347983));
 337             check(c.remove(778347983));
 338         } catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 339         return true;
 340     }
 341 
 342     private static boolean supportsRemove(Collection<Integer> c) {
 343         try { check(! c.remove(19134032)); }
 344         catch (UnsupportedOperationException t) { return false; }
 345         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 346         return true;
 347     }
 348 
 349     private static void checkFunctionalInvariants(Collection<Integer> c) {
 350         try {
 351             checkContainsSelf(c);
 352             checkContainsEmpty(c);
 353             check(c.size() != 0 ^ c.isEmpty());
 354 
 355             {
 356                 int size = 0;
 357                 for (Integer i : c) size++;
 358                 check(c.size() == size);
 359             }
 360 
 361             check(c.toArray().length == c.size());
 362             check(c.toArray().getClass() == Object[].class
 363                   ||
 364                   // !!!!
 365                   // 6260652: (coll) Arrays.asList(x).toArray().getClass()
 366                   // should be Object[].class
 367                   (c.getClass().getName().equals("java.util.Arrays$ArrayList"))
 368                   );
 369             for (int size : new int[]{0,1,c.size(), c.size()+1}) {
 370                 Integer[] a = c.toArray(new Integer[size]);
 371                 check((size > c.size()) || a.length == c.size());
 372                 int i = 0; for (Integer j : c) check(a[i++] == j);
 373                 check((size <= c.size()) || (a[c.size()] == null));
 374                 check(a.getClass() == Integer[].class);
 375             }
 376 
 377             check(c.equals(c));
 378             if (c instanceof Serializable) {
 379                 //System.out.printf("Serializing %s%n", c.getClass().getName());
 380                 try {
 381                     Object clone = serialClone(c);
 382                     equal(c instanceof Serializable,
 383                           clone instanceof Serializable);
 384                     equal(c instanceof RandomAccess,
 385                           clone instanceof RandomAccess);
 386                     if ((c instanceof List) || (c instanceof Set))
 387                         equal(c, clone);
 388                     else
 389                         equal(new HashSet<Integer>(c),
 390                               new HashSet<Integer>(serialClone(c)));
 391                 } catch (Error xxx) {
 392                     if (! (xxx.getCause() instanceof NotSerializableException))
 393                         throw xxx;
 394                 }
 395             }
 396         }
 397         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 398     }
 399 
 400     //----------------------------------------------------------------
 401     // If add(null) succeeds, contains(null) & remove(null) should succeed
 402     //----------------------------------------------------------------
 403     private static void testNullElement(Collection<Integer> c) {
 404 
 405         try {
 406             check(c.add(null));
 407             if (c.size() == 1)
 408                 equal(c.toString(), "[null]");
 409             try {
 410                 checkFunctionalInvariants(c);
 411                 check(c.contains(null));
 412                 check(c.remove(null));
 413             }
 414             catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 415         }
 416         catch (NullPointerException e) { /* OK */ }
 417         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 418     }
 419 
 420 
 421     //----------------------------------------------------------------
 422     // If add("x") succeeds, contains("x") & remove("x") should succeed
 423     //----------------------------------------------------------------
 424     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 425     private static void testStringElement(Collection<Integer> c) {
 426         Collection x = (Collection)c; // Make type-unsafe
 427         try {
 428             check(x.add("x"));
 429             try {
 430                 check(x.contains("x"));
 431                 check(x.remove("x"));
 432             } catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 433         }
 434         catch (ClassCastException e) { /* OK */ }
 435         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 436     }
 437 
 438     private static void testConcurrentCollection(Collection<Integer> c) {
 439         try {
 440             c.add(1);
 441             Iterator<Integer> it = c.iterator();
 442             check(it.hasNext());
 443             clear(c);
 444             check(it.next() instanceof Integer); // No CME
 445             check(c.isEmpty());
 446         }
 447         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 448     }
 449 
 450     private static void testQueue(Queue<Integer> q) {
 451         q.clear();
 452         for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
 453             testQueueAddRemove(q, null);
 454             testQueueAddRemove(q, 537);
 455             q.add(i);
 456         }
 457         equal(q.size(), 5);
 458         checkFunctionalInvariants(q);
 459         q.poll();
 460         equal(q.size(), 4);
 461         checkFunctionalInvariants(q);
 462         if ((q instanceof LinkedBlockingQueue)   ||
 463             (q instanceof LinkedBlockingDeque)   ||
 464             (q instanceof ConcurrentLinkedDeque) ||
 465             (q instanceof ConcurrentLinkedQueue)) {
 466             testQueueIteratorRemove(q);
 467         }
 468     }
 469 
 470     private static void testQueueAddRemove(final Queue<Integer> q,
 471                                            final Integer e) {
 472         final List<Integer> originalContents = new ArrayList<Integer>(q);
 473         final boolean isEmpty = q.isEmpty();
 474         final boolean isList = (q instanceof List);
 475         final List asList = isList ? (List) q : null;
 476         check(!q.contains(e));
 477         try {
 478             q.add(e);
 479         } catch (NullPointerException npe) {
 480             check(e == null);
 481             return;                     // Null elements not supported
 482         }
 483         check(q.contains(e));
 484         check(q.remove(e));
 485         check(!q.contains(e));
 486         equal(new ArrayList<Integer>(q), originalContents);
 487 
 488         if (q instanceof Deque<?>) {
 489             final Deque<Integer> deq = (Deque<Integer>) q;
 490             final List<Integer> singleton = Collections.singletonList(e);
 491 
 492             // insert, query, remove element at head
 493             if (isEmpty) {
 494                 THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class,
 495                        new Fun(){void f(){ deq.getFirst(); }},
 496                        new Fun(){void f(){ deq.element(); }},
 497                        new Fun(){void f(){ deq.iterator().next(); }});
 498                 check(deq.peekFirst() == null);
 499                 check(deq.peek() == null);
 500             } else {
 501                 check(deq.getFirst() != e);
 502                 check(deq.element() != e);
 503                 check(deq.iterator().next() != e);
 504                 check(deq.peekFirst() != e);
 505                 check(deq.peek() != e);
 506             }
 507             check(!deq.contains(e));
 508             check(!deq.removeFirstOccurrence(e));
 509             check(!deq.removeLastOccurrence(e));
 510             if (isList) {
 511                 check(asList.indexOf(e) == -1);
 512                 check(asList.lastIndexOf(e) == -1);
 513             }
 514             switch (rnd.nextInt(isList ? 4 : 3)) {
 515             case 0: deq.addFirst(e); break;
 516             case 1: check(deq.offerFirst(e)); break;
 517             case 2: deq.push(e); break;
 518             case 3: asList.add(0, e); break;
 519             default: throw new AssertionError();
 520             }
 521             check(deq.peekFirst() == e);
 522             check(deq.getFirst() == e);
 523             check(deq.element() == e);
 524             check(deq.peek() == e);
 525             check(deq.iterator().next() == e);
 526             check(deq.contains(e));
 527             if (isList) {
 528                 check(asList.get(0) == e);
 529                 check(asList.indexOf(e) == 0);
 530                 check(asList.lastIndexOf(e) == 0);
 531                 check(asList.subList(0, 1).equals(singleton));
 532             }
 533             switch (rnd.nextInt(isList ? 11 : 9)) {
 534             case 0: check(deq.pollFirst() == e); break;
 535             case 1: check(deq.removeFirst() == e); break;
 536             case 2: check(deq.remove() == e); break;
 537             case 3: check(deq.pop() == e); break;
 538             case 4: check(deq.removeFirstOccurrence(e)); break;
 539             case 5: check(deq.removeLastOccurrence(e)); break;
 540             case 6: check(deq.remove(e)); break;
 541             case 7: check(deq.removeAll(singleton)); break;
 542             case 8: Iterator it = deq.iterator(); it.next(); it.remove(); break;
 543             case 9: asList.remove(0); break;
 544             case 10: asList.subList(0, 1).clear(); break;
 545             default: throw new AssertionError();
 546             }
 547             if (isEmpty) {
 548                 THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class,
 549                        new Fun(){void f(){ deq.getFirst(); }},
 550                        new Fun(){void f(){ deq.element(); }},
 551                        new Fun(){void f(){ deq.iterator().next(); }});
 552                 check(deq.peekFirst() == null);
 553                 check(deq.peek() == null);
 554             } else {
 555                 check(deq.getFirst() != e);
 556                 check(deq.element() != e);
 557                 check(deq.iterator().next() != e);
 558                 check(deq.peekFirst() != e);
 559                 check(deq.peek() != e);
 560             }
 561             check(!deq.contains(e));
 562             check(!deq.removeFirstOccurrence(e));
 563             check(!deq.removeLastOccurrence(e));
 564             if (isList) {
 565                 check(isEmpty || asList.get(0) != e);
 566                 check(asList.indexOf(e) == -1);
 567                 check(asList.lastIndexOf(e) == -1);
 568             }
 569             equal(new ArrayList<Integer>(deq), originalContents);
 570 
 571             // insert, query, remove element at tail
 572             if (isEmpty) {
 573                 check(deq.peekLast() == null);
 574                 THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class,
 575                        new Fun(){void f(){ deq.getLast(); }});
 576             } else {
 577                 check(deq.peekLast() != e);
 578                 check(deq.getLast() != e);
 579             }
 580             switch (rnd.nextInt(isList ? 6 : 4)) {
 581             case 0: deq.addLast(e); break;
 582             case 1: check(deq.offerLast(e)); break;
 583             case 2: check(deq.add(e)); break;
 584             case 3: deq.addAll(singleton); break;
 585             case 4: asList.addAll(deq.size(), singleton); break;
 586             case 5: asList.add(deq.size(), e); break;
 587             default: throw new AssertionError();
 588             }
 589             check(deq.peekLast() == e);
 590             check(deq.getLast() == e);
 591             check(deq.contains(e));
 592             if (isList) {
 593                 ListIterator it = asList.listIterator(asList.size());
 594                 check(it.previous() == e);
 595                 check(asList.get(asList.size() - 1) == e);
 596                 check(asList.indexOf(e) == asList.size() - 1);
 597                 check(asList.lastIndexOf(e) == asList.size() - 1);
 598                 int size = asList.size();
 599                 check(asList.subList(size - 1, size).equals(singleton));
 600             }
 601             switch (rnd.nextInt(isList ? 8 : 6)) {
 602             case 0: check(deq.pollLast() == e); break;
 603             case 1: check(deq.removeLast() == e); break;
 604             case 2: check(deq.removeFirstOccurrence(e)); break;
 605             case 3: check(deq.removeLastOccurrence(e)); break;
 606             case 4: check(deq.remove(e)); break;
 607             case 5: check(deq.removeAll(singleton)); break;
 608             case 6: asList.remove(asList.size() - 1); break;
 609             case 7:
 610                 ListIterator it = asList.listIterator(asList.size());
 611                 it.previous();
 612                 it.remove();
 613                 break;
 614             default: throw new AssertionError();
 615             }
 616             if (isEmpty) {
 617                 check(deq.peekLast() == null);
 618                 THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class,
 619                        new Fun(){void f(){ deq.getLast(); }});
 620             } else {
 621                 check(deq.peekLast() != e);
 622                 check(deq.getLast() != e);
 623             }
 624             check(!deq.contains(e));
 625             equal(new ArrayList<Integer>(deq), originalContents);
 626 
 627             // Test operations on empty deque
 628             switch (rnd.nextInt(isList ? 4 : 2)) {
 629             case 0: deq.clear(); break;
 630             case 1:
 631                 Iterator it = deq.iterator();
 632                 while (it.hasNext()) {
 633                     it.next();
 634                     it.remove();
 635                 }
 636                 break;
 637             case 2: asList.subList(0, asList.size()).clear(); break;
 638             case 3:
 639                 ListIterator lit = asList.listIterator(asList.size());
 640                 while (lit.hasPrevious()) {
 641                     lit.previous();
 642                     lit.remove();
 643                 }
 644                 break;
 645             default: throw new AssertionError();
 646             }
 647             testEmptyCollection(deq);
 648             check(!deq.iterator().hasNext());
 649             if (isList) {
 650                 check(!asList.listIterator().hasPrevious());
 651                 THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class,
 652                        new Fun(){void f(){ asList.listIterator().previous(); }});
 653             }
 654             THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class,
 655                    new Fun(){void f(){ deq.iterator().next(); }},
 656                    new Fun(){void f(){ deq.element(); }},
 657                    new Fun(){void f(){ deq.getFirst(); }},
 658                    new Fun(){void f(){ deq.getLast(); }},
 659                    new Fun(){void f(){ deq.pop(); }},
 660                    new Fun(){void f(){ deq.remove(); }},
 661                    new Fun(){void f(){ deq.removeFirst(); }},
 662                    new Fun(){void f(){ deq.removeLast(); }});
 663 
 664             check(deq.poll() == null);
 665             check(deq.pollFirst() == null);
 666             check(deq.pollLast() == null);
 667             check(deq.peek() == null);
 668             check(deq.peekFirst() == null);
 669             check(deq.peekLast() == null);
 670             check(!deq.removeFirstOccurrence(e));
 671             check(!deq.removeLastOccurrence(e));
 672 
 673             check(deq.addAll(originalContents) == !isEmpty);
 674             equal(new ArrayList<Integer>(deq), originalContents);
 675             check(!deq.addAll(Collections.<Integer>emptyList()));
 676             equal(new ArrayList<Integer>(deq), originalContents);
 677         }
 678     }
 679 
 680     private static void testQueueIteratorRemove(Queue<Integer> q) {
 681         System.err.printf("testQueueIteratorRemove %s%n",
 682                           q.getClass().getSimpleName());
 683         q.clear();
 684         for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
 685             q.add(i);
 686         Iterator<Integer> it = q.iterator();
 687         check(it.hasNext());
 688         for (int i = 3; i >= 0; i--)
 689             q.remove(i);
 690         equal(it.next(), 0);
 691         equal(it.next(), 4);
 692 
 693         q.clear();
 694         for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
 695             q.add(i);
 696         it = q.iterator();
 697         equal(it.next(), 0);
 698         check(it.hasNext());
 699         for (int i = 1; i < 4; i++)
 700             q.remove(i);
 701         equal(it.next(), 1);
 702         equal(it.next(), 4);
 703     }
 704 
 705     private static void testList(final List<Integer> l) {
 706         //----------------------------------------------------------------
 707         // 4802633: (coll) AbstractList.addAll(-1,emptyCollection)
 708         // doesn't throw IndexOutOfBoundsException
 709         //----------------------------------------------------------------
 710         try {
 711             l.addAll(-1, Collections.<Integer>emptyList());
 712             fail("Expected IndexOutOfBoundsException not thrown");
 713         }
 714         catch (UnsupportedOperationException _) {/* OK */}
 715         catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException _) {/* OK */}
 716         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 717 
 718 //      equal(l instanceof Serializable,
 719 //            l.subList(0,0) instanceof Serializable);
 720         if (l.subList(0,0) instanceof Serializable)
 721             check(l instanceof Serializable);
 722 
 723         equal(l instanceof RandomAccess,
 724               l.subList(0,0) instanceof RandomAccess);
 725     }
 726 
 727     private static void testCollection(Collection<Integer> c) {
 728         try { testCollection1(c); }
 729         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 730     }
 731 
 732     private static void testCollection1(Collection<Integer> c) {
 733 
 734         System.out.println("\n==> " + c.getClass().getName());
 735 
 736         checkFunctionalInvariants(c);
 737 
 738         if (! supportsAdd(c)) return;
 739         //System.out.println("add() supported");
 740 
 741         if (c instanceof NavigableSet) {
 742             System.out.println("NavigableSet tests...");
 743 
 744             NavigableSet<Integer> ns = (NavigableSet<Integer>)c;
 745             testNavigableSet(ns);
 746             testNavigableSet(ns.headSet(6, false));
 747             testNavigableSet(ns.headSet(5, true));
 748             testNavigableSet(ns.tailSet(0, false));
 749             testNavigableSet(ns.tailSet(1, true));
 750             testNavigableSet(ns.subSet(0, false, 5, true));
 751             testNavigableSet(ns.subSet(1, true, 6, false));
 752         }
 753 
 754         if (c instanceof Queue)
 755             testQueue((Queue<Integer>)c);
 756 
 757         if (c instanceof List)
 758             testList((List<Integer>)c);
 759 
 760         check(supportsRemove(c));
 761 
 762         try {
 763             oneElement(c);
 764             checkFunctionalInvariants(c);
 765         }
 766         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 767 
 768         clear(c);      testNullElement(c);
 769         oneElement(c); testNullElement(c);
 770 
 771         clear(c);      testStringElement(c);
 772         oneElement(c); testStringElement(c);
 773 
 774         if (c.getClass().getName().matches(".*concurrent.*"))
 775             testConcurrentCollection(c);
 776 
 777         //----------------------------------------------------------------
 778         // The "all" operations should throw NPE when passed null
 779         //----------------------------------------------------------------
 780         {
 781             clear(c);
 782             try {
 783                 c.removeAll(null);
 784                 fail("Expected NullPointerException");
 785             }
 786             catch (NullPointerException e) { pass(); }
 787             catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 788 
 789             oneElement(c);
 790             try {
 791                 c.removeAll(null);
 792                 fail("Expected NullPointerException");
 793             }
 794             catch (NullPointerException e) { pass(); }
 795             catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 796 
 797             clear(c);
 798             try {
 799                 c.retainAll(null);
 800                 fail("Expected NullPointerException");
 801             }
 802             catch (NullPointerException e) { pass(); }
 803             catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 804 
 805             oneElement(c);
 806             try {
 807                 c.retainAll(null);
 808                 fail("Expected NullPointerException");
 809             }
 810             catch (NullPointerException e) { pass(); }
 811             catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 812 
 813             oneElement(c);
 814             try {
 815                 c.addAll(null);
 816                 fail("Expected NullPointerException");
 817             }
 818             catch (NullPointerException e) { pass(); }
 819             catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 820 
 821             oneElement(c);
 822             try {
 823                 c.containsAll(null);
 824                 fail("Expected NullPointerException");
 825             }
 826             catch (NullPointerException e) { pass(); }
 827             catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 828         }
 829     }
 830 
 831     //----------------------------------------------------------------
 832     // Map
 833     //----------------------------------------------------------------
 834     private static void checkFunctionalInvariants(Map<Integer,Integer> m) {
 835         check(m.keySet().size() == m.entrySet().size());
 836         check(m.keySet().size() == m.size());
 837         checkFunctionalInvariants(m.keySet());
 838         checkFunctionalInvariants(m.values());
 839         check(m.size() != 0 ^ m.isEmpty());
 840     }
 841 
 842     private static void testMap(Map<Integer,Integer> m) {
 843         System.out.println("\n==> " + m.getClass().getName());
 844 
 845         if (m instanceof ConcurrentMap)
 846             testConcurrentMap((ConcurrentMap<Integer,Integer>) m);
 847 
 848         if (m instanceof NavigableMap) {
 849             System.out.println("NavigableMap tests...");
 850 
 851             NavigableMap<Integer,Integer> nm =
 852                 (NavigableMap<Integer,Integer>) m;
 853             testNavigableMapRemovers(nm);
 854             testNavigableMap(nm);
 855             testNavigableMap(nm.headMap(6, false));
 856             testNavigableMap(nm.headMap(5, true));
 857             testNavigableMap(nm.tailMap(0, false));
 858             testNavigableMap(nm.tailMap(1, true));
 859             testNavigableMap(nm.subMap(1, true, 6, false));
 860             testNavigableMap(nm.subMap(0, false, 5, true));
 861         }
 862 
 863         checkFunctionalInvariants(m);
 864 
 865         if (supportsClear(m)) {
 866             try { clear(m); }
 867             catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 868         }
 869 
 870         if (supportsPut(m)) {
 871             try {
 872                 check(m.put(3333, 77777) == null);
 873                 check(m.put(9134, 74982) == null);
 874                 check(m.get(9134) == 74982);
 875                 check(m.put(9134, 1382) == 74982);
 876                 check(m.get(9134) == 1382);
 877                 check(m.size() == 2);
 878                 checkFunctionalInvariants(m);
 879                 checkNPEConsistency(m);
 880             }
 881             catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 882         }
 883     }
 884 
 885     private static boolean supportsPut(Map<Integer,Integer> m) {
 886         // We're asking for .equals(...) semantics
 887         if (m instanceof IdentityHashMap) return false;
 888 
 889         try { check(m.put(778347983,12735) == null); }
 890         catch (UnsupportedOperationException t) { return false; }
 891         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 892 
 893         try {
 894             check(m.containsKey(778347983));
 895             check(m.remove(778347983) != null);
 896         } catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 897         return true;
 898     }
 899 
 900     private static boolean supportsClear(Map<?,?> m) {
 901         try { m.clear(); }
 902         catch (UnsupportedOperationException t) { return false; }
 903         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 904         return true;
 905     }
 906 
 907     //----------------------------------------------------------------
 908     // ConcurrentMap
 909     //----------------------------------------------------------------
 910     private static void testConcurrentMap(ConcurrentMap<Integer,Integer> m) {
 911         System.out.println("ConcurrentMap tests...");
 912 
 913         try {
 914             clear(m);
 915 
 916             check(m.putIfAbsent(18357,7346) == null);
 917             check(m.containsKey(18357));
 918             check(m.putIfAbsent(18357,8263) == 7346);
 919             try { m.putIfAbsent(18357,null); fail("NPE"); }
 920             catch (NullPointerException t) { }
 921             check(m.containsKey(18357));
 922 
 923             check(! m.replace(18357,8888,7777));
 924             check(m.containsKey(18357));
 925             try { m.replace(18357,null,7777); fail("NPE"); }
 926             catch (NullPointerException t) { }
 927             check(m.containsKey(18357));
 928             check(m.get(18357) == 7346);
 929             check(m.replace(18357,7346,5555));
 930             check(m.replace(18357,5555,7346));
 931             check(m.get(18357) == 7346);
 932 
 933             check(m.replace(92347,7834) == null);
 934             try { m.replace(18357,null); fail("NPE"); }
 935             catch (NullPointerException t) { }
 936             check(m.replace(18357,7346) == 7346);
 937             check(m.replace(18357,5555) == 7346);
 938             check(m.get(18357) == 5555);
 939             check(m.replace(18357,7346) == 5555);
 940             check(m.get(18357) == 7346);
 941 
 942             check(! m.remove(18357,9999));
 943             check(m.get(18357) == 7346);
 944             check(m.containsKey(18357));
 945             check(! m.remove(18357,null)); // 6272521
 946             check(m.get(18357) == 7346);
 947             check(m.remove(18357,7346));
 948             check(m.get(18357) == null);
 949             check(! m.containsKey(18357));
 950             check(m.isEmpty());
 951 
 952             m.putIfAbsent(1,2);
 953             check(m.size() == 1);
 954             check(! m.remove(1,null));
 955             check(! m.remove(1,null));
 956             check(! m.remove(1,1));
 957             check(m.remove(1,2));
 958             check(m.isEmpty());
 959 
 960             testEmptyMap(m);
 961         }
 962         catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
 963     }
 964 
 965     private static void throwsConsistently(Class<? extends Throwable> k,
 966                                            Iterable<Fun> fs) {
 967         List<Class<? extends Throwable>> threw
 968             = new ArrayList<Class<? extends Throwable>>();
 969         for (Fun f : fs)
 970             try { f.f(); threw.add(null); }
 971             catch (Throwable t) {
 972                 check(k.isAssignableFrom(t.getClass()));
 973                 threw.add(t.getClass());
 974             }
 975         if (new HashSet<Object>(threw).size() != 1)
 976             fail(threw.toString());
 977     }
 978 
 979     private static <T> void checkNPEConsistency(final Map<T,Integer> m) {
 980         m.clear();
 981         final ConcurrentMap<T,Integer> cm = (m instanceof ConcurrentMap)
 982             ? (ConcurrentMap<T,Integer>) m
 983             : null;
 984         List<Fun> fs = new ArrayList<Fun>();
 985         fs.add(new Fun(){void f(){ check(! m.containsKey(null));}});
 986         fs.add(new Fun(){void f(){ equal(m.remove(null), null);}});
 987         fs.add(new Fun(){void f(){ equal(m.get(null), null);}});
 988         if (cm != null) {
 989             fs.add(new Fun(){void f(){ check(! cm.remove(null,null));}});}
 990         throwsConsistently(NullPointerException.class, fs);
 991 
 992         fs.clear();
 993         final Map<T,Integer> sm = singletonMap(null,1);
 994         fs.add(new Fun(){void f(){ equal(m.put(null,1), null); m.clear();}});
 995         fs.add(new Fun(){void f(){ m.putAll(sm); m.clear();}});
 996         if (cm != null) {
 997             fs.add(new Fun(){void f(){ check(! cm.remove(null,null));}});
 998             fs.add(new Fun(){void f(){ equal(cm.putIfAbsent(null,1), 1);}});
 999             fs.add(new Fun(){void f(){ equal(cm.replace(null,1), null);}});
1000             fs.add(new Fun(){void f(){ equal(cm.replace(null,1, 1), 1);}});
1001         }
1002         throwsConsistently(NullPointerException.class, fs);
1003     }
1004 
1005     //----------------------------------------------------------------
1006     // NavigableMap
1007     //----------------------------------------------------------------
1008     private static void
1009         checkNavigableMapKeys(NavigableMap<Integer,Integer> m,
1010                               Integer i,
1011                               Integer lower,
1012                               Integer floor,
1013                               Integer ceiling,
1014                               Integer higher) {
1015         equal(m.lowerKey(i),   lower);
1016         equal(m.floorKey(i),   floor);
1017         equal(m.ceilingKey(i), ceiling);
1018         equal(m.higherKey(i),  higher);
1019     }
1020 
1021     private static void
1022         checkNavigableSetKeys(NavigableSet<Integer> m,
1023                               Integer i,
1024                               Integer lower,
1025                               Integer floor,
1026                               Integer ceiling,
1027                               Integer higher) {
1028         equal(m.lower(i),   lower);
1029         equal(m.floor(i),   floor);
1030         equal(m.ceiling(i), ceiling);
1031         equal(m.higher(i),  higher);
1032     }
1033 
1034     static final Random rnd = new Random();
1035     static void equalNext(final Iterator<?> it, Object expected) {
1036         if (rnd.nextBoolean())
1037             check(it.hasNext());
1038         equal(it.next(), expected);
1039     }
1040 
1041     static void equalMaps(Map m1, Map m2) {
1042         equal(m1, m2);
1043         equal(m2, m1);
1044         equal(m1.size(), m2.size());
1045         equal(m1.isEmpty(), m2.isEmpty());
1046         equal(m1.toString(), m2.toString());
1047         check(Arrays.equals(m1.entrySet().toArray(), m2.entrySet().toArray()));
1048     }
1049 
1050     @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
1051     static void testNavigableMapRemovers(NavigableMap m)
1052     {
1053         final Map emptyMap = new HashMap();
1054 
1055         final Map singletonMap = new HashMap();
1056         singletonMap.put(1, 2);
1057 
1058         abstract class NavigableMapView {
1059             abstract NavigableMap view(NavigableMap m);
1060         }
1061 
1062         NavigableMapView[] views = {
1063             new NavigableMapView() { NavigableMap view(NavigableMap m) {
1064                 return m; }},
1065             new NavigableMapView() { NavigableMap view(NavigableMap m) {
1066                 return m.headMap(99, true); }},
1067             new NavigableMapView() { NavigableMap view(NavigableMap m) {
1068                 return m.tailMap(-99, false); }},
1069             new NavigableMapView() { NavigableMap view(NavigableMap m) {
1070                 return m.subMap(-99, true, 99, false); }},
1071         };
1072 
1073         abstract class Remover {
1074             abstract void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v);
1075         }
1076 
1077         Remover[] removers = {
1078             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1079                 equal(m.remove(k), v); }},
1080 
1081             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1082                 equal(m.descendingMap().remove(k), v); }},
1083             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1084                 equal(m.descendingMap().headMap(-86, false).remove(k), v); }},
1085             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1086                 equal(m.descendingMap().tailMap(86, true).remove(k), v); }},
1087 
1088             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1089                 equal(m.headMap(86, true).remove(k), v); }},
1090             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1091                 equal(m.tailMap(-86, true).remove(k), v); }},
1092             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1093                 equal(m.subMap(-86, false, 86, true).remove(k), v); }},
1094 
1095             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1096                 check(m.keySet().remove(k)); }},
1097             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1098                 check(m.navigableKeySet().remove(k)); }},
1099 
1100             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1101                 check(m.navigableKeySet().headSet(86, true).remove(k)); }},
1102             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1103                 check(m.navigableKeySet().tailSet(-86, false).remove(k)); }},
1104             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1105                 check(m.navigableKeySet().subSet(-86, true, 86, false)
1106                       .remove(k)); }},
1107 
1108             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1109                 check(m.descendingKeySet().headSet(-86, false).remove(k)); }},
1110             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1111                 check(m.descendingKeySet().tailSet(86, true).remove(k)); }},
1112             new Remover() { void remove(NavigableMap m, Object k, Object v) {
1113                 check(m.descendingKeySet().subSet(86, true, -86, false)
1114                       .remove(k)); }},
1115         };
1116 
1117         for (NavigableMapView view : views) {
1118             for (Remover remover : removers) {
1119                 try {
1120                     m.clear();
1121                     equalMaps(m, emptyMap);
1122                     equal(m.put(1, 2), null);
1123                     equalMaps(m, singletonMap);
1124                     NavigableMap v = view.view(m);
1125                     remover.remove(v, 1, 2);
1126                     equalMaps(m, emptyMap);
1127                 } catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
1128             }
1129         }
1130     }
1131 
1132     private static void testNavigableMap(NavigableMap<Integer,Integer> m)
1133     {
1134         clear(m);
1135         checkNavigableMapKeys(m, 1, null, null, null, null);
1136 
1137         equal(m.put(1, 2), null);
1138         equal(m.put(3, 4), null);
1139         equal(m.put(5, 9), null);
1140 
1141         equal(m.put(1, 2), 2);
1142         equal(m.put(3, 4), 4);
1143         equal(m.put(5, 6), 9);
1144 
1145         checkNavigableMapKeys(m, 0, null, null,    1,    1);
1146         checkNavigableMapKeys(m, 1, null,    1,    1,    3);
1147         checkNavigableMapKeys(m, 2,    1,    1,    3,    3);
1148         checkNavigableMapKeys(m, 3,    1,    3,    3,    5);
1149         checkNavigableMapKeys(m, 5,    3,    5,    5, null);
1150         checkNavigableMapKeys(m, 6,    5,    5, null, null);
1151 
1152         for (final Iterator<Integer> it :
1153                  (Iterator<Integer>[])
1154                  new Iterator<?>[] {
1155                      m.descendingKeySet().iterator(),
1156                      m.navigableKeySet().descendingIterator()}) {
1157             equalNext(it, 5);
1158             equalNext(it, 3);
1159             equalNext(it, 1);
1160             check(! it.hasNext());
1161             THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class,
1162                    new Fun(){void f(){it.next();}});
1163         }
1164 
1165         {
1166             final Iterator<Map.Entry<Integer,Integer>> it
1167                 = m.descendingMap().entrySet().iterator();
1168             check(it.hasNext()); equal(it.next().getKey(), 5);
1169             check(it.hasNext()); equal(it.next().getKey(), 3);
1170             check(it.hasNext()); equal(it.next().getKey(), 1);
1171             check(! it.hasNext());
1172             THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class,
1173                    new Fun(){void f(){it.next();}});
1174         }
1175     }
1176 
1177 
1178     private static void testNavigableSet(NavigableSet<Integer> s) {
1179         clear(s);
1180         checkNavigableSetKeys(s, 1, null, null, null, null);
1181 
1182         check(s.add(1));
1183         check(s.add(3));
1184         check(s.add(5));
1185 
1186         check(! s.add(1));
1187         check(! s.add(3));
1188         check(! s.add(5));
1189 
1190         checkNavigableSetKeys(s, 0, null, null,    1,    1);
1191         checkNavigableSetKeys(s, 1, null,    1,    1,    3);
1192         checkNavigableSetKeys(s, 2,    1,    1,    3,    3);
1193         checkNavigableSetKeys(s, 3,    1,    3,    3,    5);
1194         checkNavigableSetKeys(s, 5,    3,    5,    5, null);
1195         checkNavigableSetKeys(s, 6,    5,    5, null, null);
1196 
1197         for (final Iterator<Integer> it :
1198                  (Iterator<Integer>[])
1199                  new Iterator<?>[] {
1200                      s.descendingIterator(),
1201                      s.descendingSet().iterator()}) {
1202             equalNext(it, 5);
1203             equalNext(it, 3);
1204             equalNext(it, 1);
1205             check(! it.hasNext());
1206             THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class,
1207                    new Fun(){void f(){it.next();}});
1208         }
1209     }
1210 
1211     //--------------------- Infrastructure ---------------------------
1212     static volatile int passed = 0, failed = 0;
1213     static void pass() { passed++; }
1214     static void fail() { failed++; Thread.dumpStack(); }
1215     static void fail(String msg) { System.out.println(msg); fail(); }
1216     static void unexpected(Throwable t) { failed++; t.printStackTrace(); }
1217     static void check(boolean cond) { if (cond) pass(); else fail(); }
1218     static void equal(Object x, Object y) {
1219         if (x == null ? y == null : x.equals(y)) pass();
1220         else {System.out.println(x + " not equal to " + y); fail();}}
1221     static void equal2(Object x, Object y) {equal(x, y); equal(y, x);}
1222     public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
1223         try { realMain(args); } catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }
1224 
1225         System.out.printf("%nPassed = %d, failed = %d%n%n", passed, failed);
1226         if (failed > 0) throw new Exception("Some tests failed");
1227     }
1228     private static abstract class Fun {abstract void f() throws Throwable;}
1229     private static void THROWS(Class<? extends Throwable> k, Fun... fs) {
1230           for (Fun f : fs)
1231               try { f.f(); fail("Expected " + k.getName() + " not thrown"); }
1232               catch (Throwable t) {
1233                   if (k.isAssignableFrom(t.getClass())) pass();
1234                   else unexpected(t);}}
1235     static byte[] serializedForm(Object obj) {
1236         try {
1237             ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
1238             new ObjectOutputStream(baos).writeObject(obj);
1239             return baos.toByteArray();
1240         } catch (IOException e) { throw new Error(e); }}
1241     static Object readObject(byte[] bytes)
1242         throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
1243         InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
1244         return new ObjectInputStream(is).readObject();}
1245     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1246     static <T> T serialClone(T obj) {
1247         try { return (T) readObject(serializedForm(obj)); }
1248         catch (Exception e) { throw new Error(e); }}
1249     private static class NewAbstractCollection<E> extends AbstractCollection<E> {
1250         ArrayList<E> list = new ArrayList<>();
1251         public boolean remove(Object obj) {
1252             return list.remove(obj);
1253         }
1254         public boolean add(E e) {
1255             return list.add(e);
1256         }
1257         public Iterator<E> iterator() {
1258             return list.iterator();
1259         }
1260         public int size() {
1261             return list.size();
1262         }
1263     }
1264     private static class NewAbstractSet<E> extends AbstractSet<E> {
1265         HashSet<E> set = new HashSet<>();
1266         public boolean remove(Object obj) {
1267             return set.remove(obj);
1268         }
1269         public boolean add(E e) {
1270             return set.add(e);
1271         }
1272         public Iterator<E> iterator() {
1273             return set.iterator();
1274         }
1275         public int size() {
1276             return set.size();
1277         }
1278     }
1279 
1280 }