This interface takes the place of the Dictionary class, which * was a totally abstract class rather than an interface. * *
The Map interface provides three collection views, which * allow a map's contents to be viewed as a set of keys, collection of values, * or set of key-value mappings. The order of a map is defined as * the order in which the iterators on the map's collection views return their * elements. Some map implementations, like the TreeMap class, make * specific guarantees as to their order; others, like the HashMap * class, do not. * *
Note: great care must be exercised if mutable objects are used as map * keys. The behavior of a map is not specified if the value of an object is * changed in a manner that affects equals comparisons while the * object is a key in the map. A special case of this prohibition is that it * is not permissible for a map to contain itself as a key. While it is * permissible for a map to contain itself as a value, extreme caution is * advised: the equals and hashCode methods are no longer * well defined on such a map. * *
All general-purpose map implementation classes should provide two * "standard" constructors: a void (no arguments) constructor which creates an * empty map, and a constructor with a single argument of type Map, * which creates a new map with the same key-value mappings as its argument. * In effect, the latter constructor allows the user to copy any map, * producing an equivalent map of the desired class. There is no way to * enforce this recommendation (as interfaces cannot contain constructors) but * all of the general-purpose map implementations in the JDK comply. * *
The "destructive" methods contained in this interface, that is, the * methods that modify the map on which they operate, are specified to throw * UnsupportedOperationException if this map does not support the * operation. If this is the case, these methods may, but are not required * to, throw an UnsupportedOperationException if the invocation would * have no effect on the map. For example, invoking the {@link #putAll(Map)} * method on an unmodifiable map may, but is not required to, throw the * exception if the map whose mappings are to be "superimposed" is empty. * *
Some map implementations have restrictions on the keys and values they * may contain. For example, some implementations prohibit null keys and * values, and some have restrictions on the types of their keys. Attempting * to insert an ineligible key or value throws an unchecked exception, * typically NullPointerException or ClassCastException. * Attempting to query the presence of an ineligible key or value may throw an * exception, or it may simply return false; some implementations will exhibit * the former behavior and some will exhibit the latter. More generally, * attempting an operation on an ineligible key or value whose completion * would not result in the insertion of an ineligible element into the map may * throw an exception or it may succeed, at the option of the implementation. * Such exceptions are marked as "optional" in the specification for this * interface. * *
Many methods in Collections Framework interfaces are defined * in terms of the {@link Object#equals(Object) equals} method. For * example, the specification for the {@link #containsKey(Object) * containsKey(Object key)} method says: "returns true if and * only if this map contains a mapping for a key k such that * (key==null ? k==null : key.equals(k))." This specification should * not be construed to imply that invoking Map.containsKey * with a non-null argument key will cause key.equals(k) to * be invoked for any key k. Implementations are free to * implement optimizations whereby the equals invocation is avoided, * for example, by first comparing the hash codes of the two keys. (The * {@link Object#hashCode()} specification guarantees that two objects with * unequal hash codes cannot be equal.) More generally, implementations of * the various Collections Framework interfaces are free to take advantage of * the specified behavior of underlying {@link Object} methods wherever the * implementor deems it appropriate. * *
Some map operations which perform recursive traversal of the map may fail * with an exception for self-referential instances where the map directly or * indirectly contains itself. This includes the {@code clone()}, * {@code equals()}, {@code hashCode()} and {@code toString()} methods. * Implementations may optionally handle the self-referential scenario, however * most current implementations do not do so. * *
This interface is a member of the
*
* Java Collections Framework.
*
* @param More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key
* {@code k} to a value {@code v} such that {@code (key==null ? k==null :
* key.equals(k))}, then this method returns {@code v}; otherwise
* it returns {@code null}. (There can be at most one such mapping.)
*
* If this map permits null values, then a return value of
* {@code null} does not necessarily indicate that the map
* contains no mapping for the key; it's also possible that the map
* explicitly maps the key to {@code null}. The {@link #containsKey
* containsKey} operation may be used to distinguish these two cases.
*
* @param key the key whose associated value is to be returned
* @return the value to which the specified key is mapped, or
* {@code null} if this map contains no mapping for the key
* @throws ClassCastException if the key is of an inappropriate type for
* this map
* (optional)
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null and this map
* does not permit null keys
* (optional)
*/
V get(Object key);
// Modification Operations
/**
* Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map
* (optional operation). If the map previously contained a mapping for
* the key, the old value is replaced by the specified value. (A map
* m is said to contain a mapping for a key k if and only
* if {@link #containsKey(Object) m.containsKey(k)} would return
* true.)
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
* @param value value to be associated with the specified key
* @return the previous value associated with key, or
* null if there was no mapping for key.
* (A null return can also indicate that the map
* previously associated null with key,
* if the implementation supports null values.)
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the put operation
* is not supported by this map
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified key or value
* prevents it from being stored in this map
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null
* and this map does not permit null keys or values
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified key
* or value prevents it from being stored in this map
*/
V put(K key, V value);
/**
* Removes the mapping for a key from this map if it is present
* (optional operation). More formally, if this map contains a mapping
* from key k to value v such that
* Returns the value to which this map previously associated the key,
* or null if the map contained no mapping for the key.
*
* If this map permits null values, then a return value of
* null does not necessarily indicate that the map
* contained no mapping for the key; it's also possible that the map
* explicitly mapped the key to null.
*
* The map will not contain a mapping for the specified key once the
* call returns.
*
* @param key key whose mapping is to be removed from the map
* @return the previous value associated with key, or
* null if there was no mapping for key.
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the remove operation
* is not supported by this map
* @throws ClassCastException if the key is of an inappropriate type for
* this map
* (optional)
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null and this
* map does not permit null keys
* (optional)
*/
V remove(Object key);
// Bulk Operations
/**
* Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this map
* (optional operation). The effect of this call is equivalent to that
* of calling {@link #put(Object,Object) put(k, v)} on this map once
* for each mapping from key k to value v in the
* specified map. The behavior of this operation is undefined if the
* specified map is modified while the operation is in progress.
*
* @param m mappings to be stored in this map
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the putAll operation
* is not supported by this map
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of a key or value in the
* specified map prevents it from being stored in this map
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified map is null, or if
* this map does not permit null keys or values, and the
* specified map contains null keys or values
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of a key or value in
* the specified map prevents it from being stored in this map
*/
void putAll(Map m);
/**
* Removes all of the mappings from this map (optional operation).
* The map will be empty after this call returns.
*
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the clear operation
* is not supported by this map
*/
void clear();
// Views
/**
* Returns a {@link Set} view of the keys contained in this map.
* The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
* reflected in the set, and vice-versa. If the map is modified
* while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through
* the iterator's own remove operation), the results of
* the iteration are undefined. The set supports element removal,
* which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the
* Iterator.remove, Set.remove,
* removeAll, retainAll, and clear
* operations. It does not support the add or addAll
* operations.
*
* @return a set view of the keys contained in this map
*/
Set The returned comparator is serializable and throws {@link
* NullPointerException} when comparing an entry with a null key.
*
* @param The returned comparator is serializable and throws {@link
* NullPointerException} when comparing an entry with null values.
*
* @param The returned comparator is serializable if the specified comparator
* is also serializable.
*
* @param The returned comparator is serializable if the specified comparator
* is also serializable.
*
* @param The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
* or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
* atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
* concurrency properties.
*
* @param key the key whose associated value is to be returned
* @param defaultValue the default mapping of the key
* @return the value to which the specified key is mapped, or
* {@code defaultValue} if this map contains no mapping for the key
* @throws ClassCastException if the key is of an inappropriate type for
* this map
* (optional)
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null and this map
* does not permit null keys
* (optional)
* @since 1.8
*/
default V getOrDefault(Object key, V defaultValue) {
V v;
return (((v = get(key)) != null) || containsKey(key))
? v
: defaultValue;
}
/**
* Performs the given action on each entry in this map, in the order entries
* are returned by an entry set iterator (which may be unspecified), until
* all entries have been processed or the action throws an {@code Exception}.
* Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the caller.
*
* The default implementation should be overridden by implementations if
* they can provide a more performant implementation than an iterator-based
* one.
*
* The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
* or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
* atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
* concurrency properties.
*
* @implSpec The default implementation is equivalent to, for this
* {@code map}:
* The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
* or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
* atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
* concurrency properties.
*
* @implSpec
* The default implementation is equivalent to, for this {@code map}:
* The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
* or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
* atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
* concurrency properties.
*
* @implSpec
* The default implementation is equivalent to, for this {@code
* map}:
*
* The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
* or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
* atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
* concurrency properties.
*
* @implSpec
* The default implementation is equivalent to, for this {@code map}:
*
* The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
* or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
* atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
* concurrency properties.
*
* @implSpec
* The default implementation is equivalent to, for this {@code map}:
*
* The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
* or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
* atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
* concurrency properties.
*
* @implSpec
* The default implementation is equivalent to, for this {@code map}:
*
* If the function returns {@code null} no mapping is recorded. If
* the function itself throws an (unchecked) exception, the
* exception is rethrown, and no mapping is recorded. The most
* common usage is to construct a new object serving as an initial
* mapped value or memoized result, as in:
*
* The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
* or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
* atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
* concurrency properties. In particular, all implementations of
* subinterface {@link java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap} must document
* whether the function is applied once atomically only if the value is not
* present. Any class that permits null values must document
* whether and how this method distinguishes absence from null mappings.
*
* @implSpec
* The default implementation is equivalent to the following
* steps for this {@code map}, then returning the current value or
* {@code null} if now absent:
*
* If the function returns {@code null}, the mapping is removed. If the
* function itself throws an (unchecked) exception, the exception is
* rethrown, and the current mapping is left unchanged.
*
* The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
* or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
* atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
* concurrency properties. In particular, all implementations of
* subinterface {@link java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap} must document
* whether the function is applied once atomically only if the value is not
* present. Any class that permits null values must document
* whether and how this method distinguishes absence from null mappings.
*
* @implSpec
* The default implementation is equivalent to performing the
* following steps for this {@code map}, then returning the
* current value or {@code null} if now absent:
*
* If the function returns {@code null}, the mapping is removed (or
* remains absent if initially absent). If the function itself throws an
* (unchecked) exception, the exception is rethrown, and the current mapping
* is left unchanged.
*
* The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
* or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
* atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
* concurrency properties. In particular, all implementations of
* subinterface {@link java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap} must document
* whether the function is applied once atomically only if the value is not
* present. Any class that permits null values must document
* whether and how this method distinguishes absence from null mappings.
*
* @implSpec
* The default implementation is equivalent to performing the following
* steps for this {@code map}, then returning the current value or
* {@code null} if absent:
*
* If the function returns {@code null}, the mapping is removed (or
* remains absent if initially absent). If the function itself throws an
* (unchecked) exception, the exception is rethrown, and the current mapping
* is left unchanged.
*
* The default implementation makes no guarantees about synchronization
* or atomicity properties of this method. Any implementation providing
* atomicity guarantees must override this method and document its
* concurrency properties. In particular, all implementations of
* subinterface {@link java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap} must document
* whether the function is applied once atomically only if the value is not
* present. Any class that permits null values must document
* whether and how this method distinguishes absence from null mappings.
*
* @implSpec
* The default implementation is equivalent to performing the
* following steps for this {@code map}, then returning the
* current value or {@code null} if absent:
*
* (key==null ? k==null : key.equals(k)), that mapping
* is removed. (The map can contain at most one such mapping.)
*
*
* (e1.getKey()==null ?
* e2.getKey()==null : e1.getKey().equals(e2.getKey())) &&
* (e1.getValue()==null ?
* e2.getValue()==null : e1.getValue().equals(e2.getValue()))
*
* This ensures that the equals method works properly across
* different implementations of the Map.Entry interface.
*
* @param o object to be compared for equality with this map entry
* @return true if the specified object is equal to this map
* entry
*/
boolean equals(Object o);
/**
* Returns the hash code value for this map entry. The hash code
* of a map entry e is defined to be:
* (e.getKey()==null ? 0 : e.getKey().hashCode()) ^
* (e.getValue()==null ? 0 : e.getValue().hashCode())
*
* This ensures that e1.equals(e2) implies that
* e1.hashCode()==e2.hashCode() for any two Entries
* e1 and e2, as required by the general
* contract of Object.hashCode.
*
* @return the hash code value for this map entry
* @see Object#hashCode()
* @see Object#equals(Object)
* @see #equals(Object)
*/
int hashCode();
/**
* Returns a comparator that compares {@link Map.Entry} in natural order on key.
*
* {@code
* for ((Map.Entry
*
* @param action The action to be performed for each entry
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified action is null
* @throws ConcurrentModificationException if an entry is found to be
* removed during iteration
* @since 1.8
*/
default void forEach(BiConsumer action) {
Objects.requireNonNull(action);
for (Map.Entry {@code
* for ((Map.Entry
*
* @param function the function to apply to each entry
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code set} operation
* is not supported by this map's entry set iterator.
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of a replacement value
* prevents it from being stored in this map
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified function is null, or the
* specified replacement value is null, and this map does not permit null
* values
* @throws ClassCastException if a replacement value is of an inappropriate
* type for this map
* (optional)
* @throws NullPointerException if function or a replacement value is null,
* and this map does not permit null keys or values
* (optional)
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of a replacement value
* prevents it from being stored in this map
* (optional)
* @throws ConcurrentModificationException if an entry is found to be
* removed during iteration
* @since 1.8
*/
default void replaceAll(BiFunction function) {
Objects.requireNonNull(function);
for (Map.Entry {@code
* if (map.get(key) == null)
* return map.put(key, value);
* else
* return map.get(key);
* }
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
* @param value value to be associated with the specified key
* @return the previous value associated with the specified key, or
* {@code null} if there was no mapping for the key.
* (A {@code null} return can also indicate that the map
* previously associated {@code null} with the key,
* if the implementation supports null values.)
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
* is not supported by this map
* (optional)
* @throws ClassCastException if the key or value is of an inappropriate
* type for this map
* (optional)
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null,
* and this map does not permit null keys or values
* (optional)
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified key
* or value prevents it from being stored in this map
* (optional)
* @throws ConcurrentModificationException if a modification of the map is
* detected during insertion of the value.
* @since 1.8
*/
default V putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
V v = get(key);
if (v == null) {
if (put(key, value) != null) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
return v;
}
/**
* Removes the entry for the specified key only if it is currently
* mapped to the specified value.
*
* {@code
* if (map.containsKey(key) && Objects.equals(map.get(key), value)) {
* map.remove(key);
* return true;
* } else
* return false;
* }
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is associated
* @param value value expected to be associated with the specified key
* @return {@code true} if the value was removed
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code remove} operation
* is not supported by this map
* (optional)
* @throws ClassCastException if the key or value is of an inappropriate
* type for this map
* (optional)
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null,
* and this map does not permit null keys or values
* (optional)
* @since 1.8
*/
default boolean remove(Object key, Object value) {
Object curValue = get(key);
if (!Objects.equals(curValue, value) ||
(curValue == null && !containsKey(key))) {
return false;
}
remove(key);
return true;
}
/**
* Replaces the entry for the specified key only if currently
* mapped to the specified value.
*
* {@code
* if (map.containsKey(key) && Objects.equals(map.get(key), value)) {
* map.put(key, newValue);
* return true;
* } else
* return false;
* }
*
* The default implementation does not throw NullPointerException
* for maps that do not support null values if oldValue is null unless
* newValue is also null.
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is associated
* @param oldValue value expected to be associated with the specified key
* @param newValue value to be associated with the specified key
* @return {@code true} if the value was replaced
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
* is not supported by this map
* (optional)
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of a specified key or value
* prevents it from being stored in this map
* @throws NullPointerException if a specified key or newValue is null,
* and this map does not permit null keys or values
* @throws NullPointerException if oldValue is null and this map does not
* permit null values
* (optional)
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of a specified key
* or value prevents it from being stored in this map
* @since 1.8
*/
default boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {
Object curValue = get(key);
if (!Objects.equals(curValue, oldValue) ||
(curValue == null && !containsKey(key))) {
return false;
}
put(key, newValue);
return true;
}
/**
* Replaces the entry for the specified key only if it is
* currently mapped to some value.
*
* {@code
* if (map.containsKey(key)) {
* return map.put(key, value);
* } else
* return null;
* }
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is associated
* @param value value to be associated with the specified key
* @return the previous value associated with the specified key, or
* {@code null} if there was no mapping for the key.
* (A {@code null} return can also indicate that the map
* previously associated {@code null} with the key,
* if the implementation supports null values.)
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
* is not supported by this map
* (optional)
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified key or value
* prevents it from being stored in this map
* (optional)
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null,
* and this map does not permit null keys or values
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified key
* or value prevents it from being stored in this map
* @since 1.8
*/
default V replace(K key, V value) {
return containsKey(key) ? put(key, value) : null;
}
/**
* If the specified key is not already associated with a value (or
* is mapped to {@code null}), attempts to compute its value using
* the given mapping function and enters it into this map unless
* {@code null}.
*
* {@code
* map.computeIfAbsent(key, k -> new Value(f(k)));
* }
*
* {@code
* if (map.get(key) == null) {
* V newValue = mappingFunction.apply(key);
* if (newValue != null)
* map.putIfAbsent(key, newValue);
* }
* }
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
* @param mappingFunction the function to compute a value
* @return the current (existing or computed) value associated with
* the specified key, or null if the computed value is null
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null and
* this map does not support null keys, or the
* mappingFunction is null
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
* is not supported by this map
* (optional)
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified key or value
* prevents it from being stored in this map
* (optional)
* @since 1.8
*/
default V computeIfAbsent(K key,
Function mappingFunction) {
Objects.requireNonNull(mappingFunction);
V v, newValue;
return ((v = get(key)) == null &&
(newValue = mappingFunction.apply(key)) != null &&
(v = putIfAbsent(key, newValue)) == null) ? newValue : v;
}
/**
* If the value for the specified key is present and non-null, attempts to
* compute a new mapping given the key and its current mapped value.
*
* {@code
* if (map.get(key) != null) {
* V oldValue = map.get(key);
* V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
* if (newValue != null)
* map.replace(key, oldValue, newValue);
* else
* map.remove(key, oldValue);
* }
* }
*
* In concurrent contexts, the default implementation may retry
* these steps when multiple threads attempt updates.
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
* @param remappingFunction the function to compute a value
* @return the new value associated with the specified key, or null if none
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null and
* this map does not support null keys, or the
* remappingFunction is null
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
* is not supported by this map
* (optional)
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified key or value
* prevents it from being stored in this map
* (optional)
* @since 1.8
*/
default V computeIfPresent(K key,
BiFunction remappingFunction) {
Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction);
V oldValue;
while ((oldValue = get(key)) != null) {
V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
if (newValue != null) {
if (replace(key, oldValue, newValue))
return newValue;
} else if (remove(key, oldValue))
return null;
}
return oldValue;
}
/**
* Attempts to compute a mapping for the specified key and its
* current mapped value (or {@code null} if there is no current
* mapping). For example, to either create or append a {@code
* String msg} to a value mapping:
*
* {@code
* map.compute(key, (k, v) -> (v == null) ? msg : v.concat(msg))}
* (Method {@link #merge merge()} is often simpler to use for such purposes.)
*
* {@code
* V oldValue = map.get(key);
* V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
* if (oldValue != null ) {
* if (newValue != null)
* map.replace(key, oldValue, newValue);
* else
* map.remove(key, oldValue);
* } else {
* if (newValue != null)
* map.putIfAbsent(key, newValue);
* else
* return null;
* }
* }
*
* In concurrent contexts, the default implementation may retry
* these steps when multiple threads attempt updates.
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
* @param remappingFunction the function to compute a value
* @return the new value associated with the specified key, or null if none
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null and
* this map does not support null keys, or the
* remappingFunction is null
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
* is not supported by this map
* (optional)
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified key or value
* prevents it from being stored in this map
* (optional)
* @since 1.8
*/
default V compute(K key,
BiFunction remappingFunction) {
Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction);
V oldValue = get(key);
for (;;) {
V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
if (newValue == null) {
// delete mapping
if(oldValue != null || containsKey(key)) {
// something to remove
if (remove(key, oldValue)) {
// removed the old value as expected
return null;
}
// some other value replaced old value. try again.
oldValue = get(key);
} else {
// nothing to do. Leave things as they were.
return null;
}
} else {
// add or replace old mapping
if (oldValue != null) {
// replace
if (replace(key, oldValue, newValue)) {
// replaced as expected.
return newValue;
}
// some other value replaced old value. try again.
oldValue = get(key);
} else {
// add (replace if oldValue was null)
if ((oldValue = putIfAbsent(key, newValue)) == null) {
// replaced
return newValue;
}
// some other value replaced old value. try again.
}
}
}
}
/**
* If the specified key is not already associated with a value or is
* associated with null, associates it with the given value.
* Otherwise, replaces the value with the results of the given
* remapping function, or removes if the result is {@code null}. This
* method may be of use when combining multiple mapped values for a key.
* For example, to either create or append a {@code String msg} to a
* value mapping:
*
* {@code
* map.merge(key, msg, String::concat)
* }
*
* {@code
* V oldValue = map.get(key);
* V newValue = (oldValue == null) ? value :
* remappingFunction.apply(oldValue, value);
* if (newValue == null)
* map.remove(key, oldValue);
* else if (oldValue == null)
* map.putIfAbsent(key, newValue);
* else
* map.replace(key, oldValue, newValue);
* }
*
* In concurrent contexts, the default implementation may retry
* these steps when multiple threads attempt updates.
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
* @param value the value to use if absent
* @param remappingFunction the function to recompute a value if present
* @return the new value associated with the specified key, or null if none
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code put} operation
* is not supported by this map
* (optional)
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified key or value
* prevents it from being stored in this map
* (optional)
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null and
* this map does not support null keys, or the
* remappingFunction is null
* @since 1.8
*/
default V merge(K key, V value,
BiFunction remappingFunction) {
Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction);
V oldValue = get(key);
for (;;) {
if (oldValue != null) {
V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(oldValue, value);
if (newValue != null) {
if (replace(key, oldValue, newValue))
return newValue;
} else if (remove(key, oldValue)) {
return null;
}
oldValue = get(key);
} else {
if (value == null) {
if((oldValue = remove(key)) != null) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException("non-null value");
}
return null;
}
if ((oldValue = putIfAbsent(key, value)) == null) {
return value;
}
}
}
}
}