1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/metadataOnStackMark.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  32 #include "interpreter/linkResolver.hpp"
  33 #include "memory/heapInspection.hpp"
  34 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  35 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  36 #include "oops/constantPool.hpp"
  37 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  38 #include "oops/objArrayKlass.hpp"
  39 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  40 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  41 #include "runtime/fieldType.hpp"
  42 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  43 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  44 #include "runtime/signature.hpp"
  45 #include "runtime/vframe.hpp"
  46 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  47 
  48 ConstantPool* ConstantPool::allocate(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, int length, TRAPS) {
  49   // Tags are RW but comment below applies to tags also.
  50   Array<u1>* tags = MetadataFactory::new_writeable_array<u1>(loader_data, length, 0, CHECK_NULL);
  51 
  52   int size = ConstantPool::size(length);
  53 
  54   // CDS considerations:
  55   // Allocate read-write but may be able to move to read-only at dumping time
  56   // if all the klasses are resolved.  The only other field that is writable is
  57   // the resolved_references array, which is recreated at startup time.
  58   // But that could be moved to InstanceKlass (although a pain to access from
  59   // assembly code).  Maybe it could be moved to the cpCache which is RW.
  60   return new (loader_data, size, false, MetaspaceObj::ConstantPoolType, THREAD) ConstantPool(tags);
  61 }
  62 
  63 #ifdef ASSERT
  64 
  65 // MetaspaceObj allocation invariant is calloc equivalent memory
  66 // simple verification of this here (JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid == 0 )
  67 static bool tag_array_is_zero_initialized(Array<u1>* tags) {
  68   assert(tags != NULL, "invariant");
  69   const int length = tags->length();
  70   for (int index = 0; index < length; ++index) {
  71     if (JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid != tags->at(index)) {
  72       return false;
  73     }
  74   }
  75   return true;
  76 }
  77 
  78 #endif
  79 
  80 ConstantPool::ConstantPool(Array<u1>* tags) :
  81   _tags(tags),
  82   _length(tags->length()) {
  83 
  84     assert(_tags != NULL, "invariant");
  85     assert(tags->length() == _length, "invariant");
  86     assert(tag_array_is_zero_initialized(tags), "invariant");
  87     assert(0 == _flags, "invariant");
  88     assert(0 == version(), "invariant");
  89     assert(NULL == _pool_holder, "invariant");
  90 }
  91 
  92 void ConstantPool::deallocate_contents(ClassLoaderData* loader_data) {
  93   MetadataFactory::free_metadata(loader_data, cache());
  94   set_cache(NULL);
  95   MetadataFactory::free_array<u2>(loader_data, reference_map());
  96   set_reference_map(NULL);
  97 
  98   MetadataFactory::free_array<jushort>(loader_data, operands());
  99   set_operands(NULL);
 100 
 101   release_C_heap_structures();
 102 
 103   // free tag array
 104   MetadataFactory::free_array<u1>(loader_data, tags());
 105   set_tags(NULL);
 106 }
 107 
 108 void ConstantPool::release_C_heap_structures() {
 109   // walk constant pool and decrement symbol reference counts
 110   unreference_symbols();
 111 }
 112 
 113 objArrayOop ConstantPool::resolved_references() const {
 114   return (objArrayOop)JNIHandles::resolve(_resolved_references);
 115 }
 116 
 117 // Create resolved_references array and mapping array for original cp indexes
 118 // The ldc bytecode was rewritten to have the resolved reference array index so need a way
 119 // to map it back for resolving and some unlikely miscellaneous uses.
 120 // The objects created by invokedynamic are appended to this list.
 121 void ConstantPool::initialize_resolved_references(ClassLoaderData* loader_data,
 122                                                   const intStack& reference_map,
 123                                                   int constant_pool_map_length,
 124                                                   TRAPS) {
 125   // Initialized the resolved object cache.
 126   int map_length = reference_map.length();
 127   if (map_length > 0) {
 128     // Only need mapping back to constant pool entries.  The map isn't used for
 129     // invokedynamic resolved_reference entries.  For invokedynamic entries,
 130     // the constant pool cache index has the mapping back to both the constant
 131     // pool and to the resolved reference index.
 132     if (constant_pool_map_length > 0) {
 133       Array<u2>* om = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, constant_pool_map_length, CHECK);
 134 
 135       for (int i = 0; i < constant_pool_map_length; i++) {
 136         int x = reference_map.at(i);
 137         assert(x == (int)(jushort) x, "klass index is too big");
 138         om->at_put(i, (jushort)x);
 139       }
 140       set_reference_map(om);
 141     }
 142 
 143     // Create Java array for holding resolved strings, methodHandles,
 144     // methodTypes, invokedynamic and invokehandle appendix objects, etc.
 145     objArrayOop stom = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), map_length, CHECK);
 146     Handle refs_handle (THREAD, (oop)stom);  // must handleize.
 147     set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 148   }
 149 }
 150 
 151 // CDS support. Create a new resolved_references array.
 152 void ConstantPool::restore_unshareable_info(TRAPS) {
 153 
 154   // Only create the new resolved references array if it hasn't been attempted before
 155   if (resolved_references() != NULL) return;
 156 
 157   // restore the C++ vtable from the shared archive
 158   restore_vtable();
 159 
 160   if (SystemDictionary::Object_klass_loaded()) {
 161     // Recreate the object array and add to ClassLoaderData.
 162     int map_length = resolved_reference_length();
 163     if (map_length > 0) {
 164       objArrayOop stom = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), map_length, CHECK);
 165       Handle refs_handle (THREAD, (oop)stom);  // must handleize.
 166 
 167       ClassLoaderData* loader_data = pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
 168       set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 169     }
 170   }
 171 }
 172 
 173 void ConstantPool::remove_unshareable_info() {
 174   // Resolved references are not in the shared archive.
 175   // Save the length for restoration.  It is not necessarily the same length
 176   // as reference_map.length() if invokedynamic is saved.
 177   set_resolved_reference_length(
 178     resolved_references() != NULL ? resolved_references()->length() : 0);
 179   set_resolved_references(NULL);
 180 }
 181 
 182 int ConstantPool::cp_to_object_index(int cp_index) {
 183   // this is harder don't do this so much.
 184   int i = reference_map()->find(cp_index);
 185   // We might not find the index for jsr292 call.
 186   return (i < 0) ? _no_index_sentinel : i;
 187 }
 188 
 189 void ConstantPool::trace_class_resolution(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, KlassHandle k) {
 190   ResourceMark rm;
 191   int line_number = -1;
 192   const char * source_file = NULL;
 193   if (JavaThread::current()->has_last_Java_frame()) {
 194     // try to identify the method which called this function.
 195     vframeStream vfst(JavaThread::current());
 196     if (!vfst.at_end()) {
 197       line_number = vfst.method()->line_number_from_bci(vfst.bci());
 198       Symbol* s = vfst.method()->method_holder()->source_file_name();
 199       if (s != NULL) {
 200         source_file = s->as_C_string();
 201       }
 202     }
 203   }
 204   if (k() != this_cp->pool_holder()) {
 205     // only print something if the classes are different
 206     if (source_file != NULL) {
 207       tty->print("RESOLVE %s %s %s:%d\n",
 208                  this_cp->pool_holder()->external_name(),
 209                  k->external_name(), source_file, line_number);
 210     } else {
 211       tty->print("RESOLVE %s %s\n",
 212                  this_cp->pool_holder()->external_name(),
 213                  k->external_name());
 214     }
 215   }
 216 }
 217 
 218 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which,
 219                                    bool save_resolution_error, TRAPS) {
 220   assert(THREAD->is_Java_thread(), "must be a Java thread");
 221 
 222   // A resolved constantPool entry will contain a Klass*, otherwise a Symbol*.
 223   // It is not safe to rely on the tag bit's here, since we don't have a lock, and
 224   // the entry and tag is not updated atomicly.
 225   CPSlot entry = this_cp->slot_at(which);
 226   if (entry.is_resolved()) {
 227     assert(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(), "must be");
 228     // Already resolved - return entry.
 229     return entry.get_klass();
 230   }
 231 
 232   // This tag doesn't change back to unresolved class unless at a safepoint.
 233   if (this_cp->tag_at(which).is_unresolved_klass_in_error()) {
 234     // The original attempt to resolve this constant pool entry failed so find the
 235     // class of the original error and throw another error of the same class
 236     // (JVMS 5.4.3).
 237     // If there is a detail message, pass that detail message to the error.
 238     // The JVMS does not strictly require us to duplicate the same detail message,
 239     // or any internal exception fields such as cause or stacktrace.  But since the
 240     // detail message is often a class name or other literal string, we will repeat it
 241     // if we can find it in the symbol table.
 242     throw_resolution_error(this_cp, which, CHECK_0);
 243     ShouldNotReachHere();
 244   }
 245 
 246   Handle mirror_handle;
 247   Symbol* name = entry.get_symbol();
 248   Handle loader (THREAD, this_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader());
 249   Handle protection_domain (THREAD, this_cp->pool_holder()->protection_domain());
 250   Klass* kk = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(name, loader, protection_domain, true, THREAD);
 251   KlassHandle k (THREAD, kk);
 252   if (!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 253     // preserve the resolved klass from unloading
 254     mirror_handle = Handle(THREAD, kk->java_mirror());
 255     // Do access check for klasses
 256     verify_constant_pool_resolve(this_cp, k, THREAD);
 257   }
 258 
 259   // Failed to resolve class. We must record the errors so that subsequent attempts
 260   // to resolve this constant pool entry fail with the same error (JVMS 5.4.3).
 261   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 262     if (save_resolution_error) {
 263       save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, which, constantTag(JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass), CHECK_NULL);
 264       // If CHECK_NULL above doesn't return the exception, that means that
 265       // some other thread has beaten us and has resolved the class.
 266       // To preserve old behavior, we return the resolved class.
 267       entry = this_cp->resolved_klass_at(which);
 268       assert(entry.is_resolved(), "must be resolved if exception was cleared");
 269       assert(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(), "must be resolved to a klass");
 270       return entry.get_klass();
 271     } else {
 272       return NULL;  // return the pending exception
 273     }
 274   }
 275 
 276   // Make this class loader depend upon the class loader owning the class reference
 277   ClassLoaderData* this_key = this_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
 278   this_key->record_dependency(k(), CHECK_NULL); // Can throw OOM
 279 
 280   if (TraceClassResolution && !k->is_array_klass()) {
 281     // skip resolving the constant pool so that this code gets
 282     // called the next time some bytecodes refer to this class.
 283     trace_class_resolution(this_cp, k);
 284     return k();
 285   } else {
 286     this_cp->klass_at_put(which, k());
 287   }
 288 
 289   entry = this_cp->resolved_klass_at(which);
 290   assert(entry.is_resolved() && entry.get_klass()->is_klass(), "must be resolved at this point");
 291   return entry.get_klass();
 292 }
 293 
 294 
 295 // Does not update ConstantPool* - to avoid any exception throwing. Used
 296 // by compiler and exception handling.  Also used to avoid classloads for
 297 // instanceof operations. Returns NULL if the class has not been loaded or
 298 // if the verification of constant pool failed
 299 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which) {
 300   CPSlot entry = this_cp->slot_at(which);
 301   if (entry.is_resolved()) {
 302     assert(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(), "must be");
 303     return entry.get_klass();
 304   } else {
 305     assert(entry.is_unresolved(), "must be either symbol or klass");
 306     Thread *thread = Thread::current();
 307     Symbol* name = entry.get_symbol();
 308     oop loader = this_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader();
 309     oop protection_domain = this_cp->pool_holder()->protection_domain();
 310     Handle h_prot (thread, protection_domain);
 311     Handle h_loader (thread, loader);
 312     Klass* k = SystemDictionary::find(name, h_loader, h_prot, thread);
 313 
 314     if (k != NULL) {
 315       // Make sure that resolving is legal
 316       EXCEPTION_MARK;
 317       KlassHandle klass(THREAD, k);
 318       // return NULL if verification fails
 319       verify_constant_pool_resolve(this_cp, klass, THREAD);
 320       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 321         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 322         return NULL;
 323       }
 324       return klass();
 325     } else {
 326       return k;
 327     }
 328   }
 329 }
 330 
 331 
 332 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_ref_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which) {
 333   return klass_at_if_loaded(this_cp, this_cp->klass_ref_index_at(which));
 334 }
 335 
 336 
 337 Method* ConstantPool::method_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool,
 338                                                    int which) {
 339   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return NULL;  // nothing to load yet
 340   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 341   if (!(cache_index >= 0 && cache_index < cpool->cache()->length())) {
 342     // FIXME: should be an assert
 343     if (PrintMiscellaneous && (Verbose||WizardMode)) {
 344       tty->print_cr("bad operand %d in:", which); cpool->print();
 345     }
 346     return NULL;
 347   }
 348   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 349   return e->method_if_resolved(cpool);
 350 }
 351 
 352 
 353 bool ConstantPool::has_appendix_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which) {
 354   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return false;  // nothing to load yet
 355   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 356   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 357   return e->has_appendix();
 358 }
 359 
 360 oop ConstantPool::appendix_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which) {
 361   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return NULL;  // nothing to load yet
 362   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 363   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 364   return e->appendix_if_resolved(cpool);
 365 }
 366 
 367 
 368 bool ConstantPool::has_method_type_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which) {
 369   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return false;  // nothing to load yet
 370   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 371   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 372   return e->has_method_type();
 373 }
 374 
 375 oop ConstantPool::method_type_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which) {
 376   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return NULL;  // nothing to load yet
 377   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 378   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 379   return e->method_type_if_resolved(cpool);
 380 }
 381 
 382 
 383 Symbol* ConstantPool::impl_name_ref_at(int which, bool uncached) {
 384   int name_index = name_ref_index_at(impl_name_and_type_ref_index_at(which, uncached));
 385   return symbol_at(name_index);
 386 }
 387 
 388 
 389 Symbol* ConstantPool::impl_signature_ref_at(int which, bool uncached) {
 390   int signature_index = signature_ref_index_at(impl_name_and_type_ref_index_at(which, uncached));
 391   return symbol_at(signature_index);
 392 }
 393 
 394 
 395 int ConstantPool::impl_name_and_type_ref_index_at(int which, bool uncached) {
 396   int i = which;
 397   if (!uncached && cache() != NULL) {
 398     if (ConstantPool::is_invokedynamic_index(which)) {
 399       // Invokedynamic index is index into resolved_references
 400       int pool_index = invokedynamic_cp_cache_entry_at(which)->constant_pool_index();
 401       pool_index = invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(pool_index);
 402       assert(tag_at(pool_index).is_name_and_type(), "");
 403       return pool_index;
 404     }
 405     // change byte-ordering and go via cache
 406     i = remap_instruction_operand_from_cache(which);
 407   } else {
 408     if (tag_at(which).is_invoke_dynamic()) {
 409       int pool_index = invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(which);
 410       assert(tag_at(pool_index).is_name_and_type(), "");
 411       return pool_index;
 412     }
 413   }
 414   assert(tag_at(i).is_field_or_method(), "Corrupted constant pool");
 415   assert(!tag_at(i).is_invoke_dynamic(), "Must be handled above");
 416   jint ref_index = *int_at_addr(i);
 417   return extract_high_short_from_int(ref_index);
 418 }
 419 
 420 constantTag ConstantPool::impl_tag_ref_at(int which, bool uncached) {
 421   int pool_index = which;
 422   if (!uncached && cache() != NULL) {
 423     if (ConstantPool::is_invokedynamic_index(which)) {
 424       // Invokedynamic index is index into resolved_references
 425       pool_index = invokedynamic_cp_cache_entry_at(which)->constant_pool_index();
 426     } else {
 427       // change byte-ordering and go via cache
 428       pool_index = remap_instruction_operand_from_cache(which);
 429     }
 430   }
 431   return tag_at(pool_index);
 432 }
 433 
 434 int ConstantPool::impl_klass_ref_index_at(int which, bool uncached) {
 435   guarantee(!ConstantPool::is_invokedynamic_index(which),
 436             "an invokedynamic instruction does not have a klass");
 437   int i = which;
 438   if (!uncached && cache() != NULL) {
 439     // change byte-ordering and go via cache
 440     i = remap_instruction_operand_from_cache(which);
 441   }
 442   assert(tag_at(i).is_field_or_method(), "Corrupted constant pool");
 443   jint ref_index = *int_at_addr(i);
 444   return extract_low_short_from_int(ref_index);
 445 }
 446 
 447 
 448 
 449 int ConstantPool::remap_instruction_operand_from_cache(int operand) {
 450   int cpc_index = operand;
 451   DEBUG_ONLY(cpc_index -= CPCACHE_INDEX_TAG);
 452   assert((int)(u2)cpc_index == cpc_index, "clean u2");
 453   int member_index = cache()->entry_at(cpc_index)->constant_pool_index();
 454   return member_index;
 455 }
 456 
 457 
 458 void ConstantPool::verify_constant_pool_resolve(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, KlassHandle k, TRAPS) {
 459  if (k->is_instance_klass() || k->is_objArray_klass()) {
 460     instanceKlassHandle holder (THREAD, this_cp->pool_holder());
 461     Klass* elem = k->is_instance_klass() ? k() : ObjArrayKlass::cast(k())->bottom_klass();
 462     KlassHandle element (THREAD, elem);
 463 
 464     // The element type could be a typeArray - we only need the access check if it is
 465     // an reference to another class
 466     if (element->is_instance_klass()) {
 467       LinkResolver::check_klass_accessability(holder, element, CHECK);
 468     }
 469   }
 470 }
 471 
 472 
 473 int ConstantPool::name_ref_index_at(int which_nt) {
 474   jint ref_index = name_and_type_at(which_nt);
 475   return extract_low_short_from_int(ref_index);
 476 }
 477 
 478 
 479 int ConstantPool::signature_ref_index_at(int which_nt) {
 480   jint ref_index = name_and_type_at(which_nt);
 481   return extract_high_short_from_int(ref_index);
 482 }
 483 
 484 
 485 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_ref_at(int which, TRAPS) {
 486   return klass_at(klass_ref_index_at(which), THREAD);
 487 }
 488 
 489 
 490 Symbol* ConstantPool::klass_name_at(int which) const {
 491   assert(tag_at(which).is_unresolved_klass() || tag_at(which).is_klass(),
 492          "Corrupted constant pool");
 493   // A resolved constantPool entry will contain a Klass*, otherwise a Symbol*.
 494   // It is not safe to rely on the tag bit's here, since we don't have a lock, and the entry and
 495   // tag is not updated atomicly.
 496   CPSlot entry = slot_at(which);
 497   if (entry.is_resolved()) {
 498     // Already resolved - return entry's name.
 499     assert(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(), "must be");
 500     return entry.get_klass()->name();
 501   } else {
 502     assert(entry.is_unresolved(), "must be either symbol or klass");
 503     return entry.get_symbol();
 504   }
 505 }
 506 
 507 Symbol* ConstantPool::klass_ref_at_noresolve(int which) {
 508   jint ref_index = klass_ref_index_at(which);
 509   return klass_at_noresolve(ref_index);
 510 }
 511 
 512 Symbol* ConstantPool::uncached_klass_ref_at_noresolve(int which) {
 513   jint ref_index = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(which);
 514   return klass_at_noresolve(ref_index);
 515 }
 516 
 517 char* ConstantPool::string_at_noresolve(int which) {
 518   return unresolved_string_at(which)->as_C_string();
 519 }
 520 
 521 BasicType ConstantPool::basic_type_for_signature_at(int which) const {
 522   return FieldType::basic_type(symbol_at(which));
 523 }
 524 
 525 
 526 void ConstantPool::resolve_string_constants_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, TRAPS) {
 527   for (int index = 1; index < this_cp->length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
 528     if (this_cp->tag_at(index).is_string()) {
 529       this_cp->string_at(index, CHECK);
 530     }
 531   }
 532 }
 533 
 534 // Resolve all the classes in the constant pool.  If they are all resolved,
 535 // the constant pool is read-only.  Enhancement: allocate cp entries to
 536 // another metaspace, and copy to read-only or read-write space if this
 537 // bit is set.
 538 bool ConstantPool::resolve_class_constants(TRAPS) {
 539   constantPoolHandle cp(THREAD, this);
 540   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
 541     if (tag_at(index).is_unresolved_klass() &&
 542         klass_at_if_loaded(cp, index) == NULL) {
 543       return false;
 544   }
 545   }
 546   // set_preresolution(); or some bit for future use
 547   return true;
 548 }
 549 
 550 Symbol* ConstantPool::exception_message(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, constantTag tag, oop pending_exception) {
 551   // Dig out the detailed message to reuse if possible
 552   Symbol* message = java_lang_Throwable::detail_message(pending_exception);
 553   if (message != NULL) {
 554     return message;
 555   }
 556 
 557   // Return specific message for the tag
 558   switch (tag.value()) {
 559   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 560     // return the class name in the error message
 561     message = this_cp->klass_name_at(which);
 562     break;
 563   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
 564     // return the method handle name in the error message
 565     message = this_cp->method_handle_name_ref_at(which);
 566     break;
 567   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
 568     // return the method type signature in the error message
 569     message = this_cp->method_type_signature_at(which);
 570     break;
 571   default:
 572     ShouldNotReachHere();
 573   }
 574 
 575   return message;
 576 }
 577 
 578 void ConstantPool::throw_resolution_error(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, TRAPS) {
 579   Symbol* message = NULL;
 580   Symbol* error = SystemDictionary::find_resolution_error(this_cp, which, &message);
 581   assert(error != NULL && message != NULL, "checking");
 582   CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 583   ResourceMark rm;
 584   THROW_MSG(error, message->as_C_string());
 585 }
 586 
 587 // If resolution for Class, MethodHandle or MethodType fails, save the exception
 588 // in the resolution error table, so that the same exception is thrown again.
 589 void ConstantPool::save_and_throw_exception(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which,
 590                                             constantTag tag, TRAPS) {
 591   Symbol* error = PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->name();
 592 
 593   int error_tag = tag.error_value();
 594 
 595   if (!PENDING_EXCEPTION->
 596     is_a(SystemDictionary::LinkageError_klass())) {
 597     // Just throw the exception and don't prevent these classes from
 598     // being loaded due to virtual machine errors like StackOverflow
 599     // and OutOfMemoryError, etc, or if the thread was hit by stop()
 600     // Needs clarification to section 5.4.3 of the VM spec (see 6308271)
 601   } else if (this_cp->tag_at(which).value() != error_tag) {
 602     Symbol* message = exception_message(this_cp, which, tag, PENDING_EXCEPTION);
 603     SystemDictionary::add_resolution_error(this_cp, which, error, message);
 604     // CAS in the tag.  If a thread beat us to registering this error that's fine.
 605     // If another thread resolved the reference, this is a race condition. This
 606     // thread may have had a security manager or something temporary.
 607     // This doesn't deterministically get an error.   So why do we save this?
 608     // We save this because jvmti can add classes to the bootclass path after
 609     // this error, so it needs to get the same error if the error is first.
 610     jbyte old_tag = Atomic::cmpxchg((jbyte)error_tag,
 611                             (jbyte*)this_cp->tag_addr_at(which), (jbyte)tag.value());
 612     if (old_tag != error_tag && old_tag != tag.value()) {
 613       // MethodHandles and MethodType doesn't change to resolved version.
 614       assert(this_cp->tag_at(which).is_klass(), "Wrong tag value");
 615       // Forget the exception and use the resolved class.
 616       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 617     }
 618   } else {
 619     // some other thread put this in error state
 620     throw_resolution_error(this_cp, which, CHECK);
 621   }
 622 }
 623 
 624 // Called to resolve constants in the constant pool and return an oop.
 625 // Some constant pool entries cache their resolved oop. This is also
 626 // called to create oops from constants to use in arguments for invokedynamic
 627 oop ConstantPool::resolve_constant_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int index, int cache_index, TRAPS) {
 628   oop result_oop = NULL;
 629   Handle throw_exception;
 630 
 631   if (cache_index == _possible_index_sentinel) {
 632     // It is possible that this constant is one which is cached in the objects.
 633     // We'll do a linear search.  This should be OK because this usage is rare.
 634     assert(index > 0, "valid index");
 635     cache_index = this_cp->cp_to_object_index(index);
 636   }
 637   assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel || cache_index >= 0, "");
 638   assert(index == _no_index_sentinel || index >= 0, "");
 639 
 640   if (cache_index >= 0) {
 641     result_oop = this_cp->resolved_references()->obj_at(cache_index);
 642     if (result_oop != NULL) {
 643       return result_oop;
 644       // That was easy...
 645     }
 646     index = this_cp->object_to_cp_index(cache_index);
 647   }
 648 
 649   jvalue prim_value;  // temp used only in a few cases below
 650 
 651   constantTag tag = this_cp->tag_at(index);
 652 
 653   switch (tag.value()) {
 654 
 655   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 656   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
 657   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
 658     {
 659       assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
 660       Klass* resolved = klass_at_impl(this_cp, index, true, CHECK_NULL);
 661       // ldc wants the java mirror.
 662       result_oop = resolved->java_mirror();
 663       break;
 664     }
 665 
 666   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
 667     assert(cache_index != _no_index_sentinel, "should have been set");
 668     if (this_cp->is_pseudo_string_at(index)) {
 669       result_oop = this_cp->pseudo_string_at(index, cache_index);
 670       break;
 671     }
 672     result_oop = string_at_impl(this_cp, index, cache_index, CHECK_NULL);
 673     break;
 674 
 675   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
 676   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
 677     {
 678       throw_resolution_error(this_cp, index, CHECK_NULL);
 679       break;
 680     }
 681 
 682   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
 683     {
 684       int ref_kind                 = this_cp->method_handle_ref_kind_at(index);
 685       int callee_index             = this_cp->method_handle_klass_index_at(index);
 686       Symbol*  name =      this_cp->method_handle_name_ref_at(index);
 687       Symbol*  signature = this_cp->method_handle_signature_ref_at(index);
 688       constantTag m_tag  = this_cp->tag_at(this_cp->method_handle_index_at(index));
 689       if (PrintMiscellaneous)
 690         tty->print_cr("resolve JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:%d [%d/%d/%d] %s.%s",
 691                       ref_kind, index, this_cp->method_handle_index_at(index),
 692                       callee_index, name->as_C_string(), signature->as_C_string());
 693       KlassHandle callee;
 694       { Klass* k = klass_at_impl(this_cp, callee_index, true, CHECK_NULL);
 695         callee = KlassHandle(THREAD, k);
 696       }
 697       // Check tag consistency, relax for interface static default method.
 698       if ((callee->is_interface() && !m_tag.is_interface_method() &&
 699            (ref_kind != JVM_REF_invokeStatic)) ||
 700           (!callee->is_interface() && m_tag.is_interface_method())) {
 701         ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 702         char buf[200];
 703         jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Inconsistent constant data for %s.%s%s at index %d",
 704           callee->name()->as_C_string(), name->as_C_string(), signature->as_C_string(), index);
 705         THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), buf);
 706       }
 707 
 708       KlassHandle klass(THREAD, this_cp->pool_holder());
 709       Handle value = SystemDictionary::link_method_handle_constant(klass, ref_kind,
 710                                                                    callee, name, signature,
 711                                                                    THREAD);
 712       result_oop = value();
 713       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 714         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
 715       }
 716       break;
 717     }
 718 
 719   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
 720     {
 721       Symbol*  signature = this_cp->method_type_signature_at(index);
 722       if (PrintMiscellaneous)
 723         tty->print_cr("resolve JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType [%d/%d] %s",
 724                       index, this_cp->method_type_index_at(index),
 725                       signature->as_C_string());
 726       KlassHandle klass(THREAD, this_cp->pool_holder());
 727       Handle value = SystemDictionary::find_method_handle_type(signature, klass, THREAD);
 728       result_oop = value();
 729       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 730         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
 731       }
 732       break;
 733     }
 734 
 735   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
 736     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
 737     prim_value.i = this_cp->int_at(index);
 738     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_INT, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
 739     break;
 740 
 741   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
 742     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
 743     prim_value.f = this_cp->float_at(index);
 744     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_FLOAT, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
 745     break;
 746 
 747   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
 748     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
 749     prim_value.j = this_cp->long_at(index);
 750     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_LONG, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
 751     break;
 752 
 753   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
 754     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
 755     prim_value.d = this_cp->double_at(index);
 756     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_DOUBLE, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
 757     break;
 758 
 759   default:
 760     DEBUG_ONLY( tty->print_cr("*** %p: tag at CP[%d/%d] = %d",
 761                               this_cp(), index, cache_index, tag.value()));
 762     assert(false, "unexpected constant tag");
 763     break;
 764   }
 765 
 766   if (cache_index >= 0) {
 767     // Benign race condition:  resolved_references may already be filled in.
 768     // The important thing here is that all threads pick up the same result.
 769     // It doesn't matter which racing thread wins, as long as only one
 770     // result is used by all threads, and all future queries.
 771     oop old_result = this_cp->resolved_references()->atomic_compare_exchange_oop(cache_index, result_oop, NULL);
 772     if (old_result == NULL) {
 773       return result_oop;  // was installed
 774     } else {
 775       // Return the winning thread's result.  This can be different than
 776       // the result here for MethodHandles.
 777       return old_result;
 778     }
 779   } else {
 780     return result_oop;
 781   }
 782 }
 783 
 784 oop ConstantPool::uncached_string_at(int which, TRAPS) {
 785   Symbol* sym = unresolved_string_at(which);
 786   oop str = StringTable::intern(sym, CHECK_(NULL));
 787   assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(str), "must be string");
 788   return str;
 789 }
 790 
 791 
 792 oop ConstantPool::resolve_bootstrap_specifier_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int index, TRAPS) {
 793   assert(this_cp->tag_at(index).is_invoke_dynamic(), "Corrupted constant pool");
 794 
 795   Handle bsm;
 796   int argc;
 797   {
 798     // JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic is an ordered pair of [bootm, name&type], plus optional arguments
 799     // The bootm, being a JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle, has its own cache entry.
 800     // It is accompanied by the optional arguments.
 801     int bsm_index = this_cp->invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(index);
 802     oop bsm_oop = this_cp->resolve_possibly_cached_constant_at(bsm_index, CHECK_NULL);
 803     if (!java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle::is_instance(bsm_oop)) {
 804       THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_LinkageError(), "BSM not an MethodHandle");
 805     }
 806 
 807     // Extract the optional static arguments.
 808     argc = this_cp->invoke_dynamic_argument_count_at(index);
 809     if (argc == 0)  return bsm_oop;
 810 
 811     bsm = Handle(THREAD, bsm_oop);
 812   }
 813 
 814   objArrayHandle info;
 815   {
 816     objArrayOop info_oop = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), 1+argc, CHECK_NULL);
 817     info = objArrayHandle(THREAD, info_oop);
 818   }
 819 
 820   info->obj_at_put(0, bsm());
 821   for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 822     int arg_index = this_cp->invoke_dynamic_argument_index_at(index, i);
 823     oop arg_oop = this_cp->resolve_possibly_cached_constant_at(arg_index, CHECK_NULL);
 824     info->obj_at_put(1+i, arg_oop);
 825   }
 826 
 827   return info();
 828 }
 829 
 830 oop ConstantPool::string_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, int obj_index, TRAPS) {
 831   // If the string has already been interned, this entry will be non-null
 832   oop str = this_cp->resolved_references()->obj_at(obj_index);
 833   if (str != NULL) return str;
 834   Symbol* sym = this_cp->unresolved_string_at(which);
 835   str = StringTable::intern(sym, CHECK_(NULL));
 836   this_cp->string_at_put(which, obj_index, str);
 837   assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(str), "must be string");
 838   return str;
 839 }
 840 
 841 
 842 bool ConstantPool::klass_name_at_matches(instanceKlassHandle k,
 843                                                 int which) {
 844   // Names are interned, so we can compare Symbol*s directly
 845   Symbol* cp_name = klass_name_at(which);
 846   return (cp_name == k->name());
 847 }
 848 
 849 
 850 // Iterate over symbols and decrement ones which are Symbol*s
 851 // This is done during GC.
 852 // Only decrement the UTF8 symbols. Unresolved classes and strings point to
 853 // these symbols but didn't increment the reference count.
 854 void ConstantPool::unreference_symbols() {
 855   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
 856     constantTag tag = tag_at(index);
 857     if (tag.is_symbol()) {
 858       symbol_at(index)->decrement_refcount();
 859     }
 860   }
 861 }
 862 
 863 
 864 // Compare this constant pool's entry at index1 to the constant pool
 865 // cp2's entry at index2.
 866 bool ConstantPool::compare_entry_to(int index1, const constantPoolHandle& cp2,
 867        int index2, TRAPS) {
 868 
 869   // The error tags are equivalent to non-error tags when comparing
 870   jbyte t1 = tag_at(index1).non_error_value();
 871   jbyte t2 = cp2->tag_at(index2).non_error_value();
 872 
 873   if (t1 != t2) {
 874     // Not the same entry type so there is nothing else to check. Note
 875     // that this style of checking will consider resolved/unresolved
 876     // class pairs as different.
 877     // From the ConstantPool* API point of view, this is correct
 878     // behavior. See VM_RedefineClasses::merge_constant_pools() to see how this
 879     // plays out in the context of ConstantPool* merging.
 880     return false;
 881   }
 882 
 883   switch (t1) {
 884   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
 885   {
 886     Klass* k1 = klass_at(index1, CHECK_false);
 887     Klass* k2 = cp2->klass_at(index2, CHECK_false);
 888     if (k1 == k2) {
 889       return true;
 890     }
 891   } break;
 892 
 893   case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
 894   {
 895     int recur1 = klass_index_at(index1);
 896     int recur2 = cp2->klass_index_at(index2);
 897     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 898     if (match) {
 899       return true;
 900     }
 901   } break;
 902 
 903   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
 904   {
 905     jdouble d1 = double_at(index1);
 906     jdouble d2 = cp2->double_at(index2);
 907     if (d1 == d2) {
 908       return true;
 909     }
 910   } break;
 911 
 912   case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
 913   case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
 914   case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
 915   {
 916     int recur1 = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index1);
 917     int recur2 = cp2->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index2);
 918     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 919     if (match) {
 920       recur1 = uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
 921       recur2 = cp2->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
 922       match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 923       if (match) {
 924         return true;
 925       }
 926     }
 927   } break;
 928 
 929   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
 930   {
 931     jfloat f1 = float_at(index1);
 932     jfloat f2 = cp2->float_at(index2);
 933     if (f1 == f2) {
 934       return true;
 935     }
 936   } break;
 937 
 938   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
 939   {
 940     jint i1 = int_at(index1);
 941     jint i2 = cp2->int_at(index2);
 942     if (i1 == i2) {
 943       return true;
 944     }
 945   } break;
 946 
 947   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
 948   {
 949     jlong l1 = long_at(index1);
 950     jlong l2 = cp2->long_at(index2);
 951     if (l1 == l2) {
 952       return true;
 953     }
 954   } break;
 955 
 956   case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
 957   {
 958     int recur1 = name_ref_index_at(index1);
 959     int recur2 = cp2->name_ref_index_at(index2);
 960     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 961     if (match) {
 962       recur1 = signature_ref_index_at(index1);
 963       recur2 = cp2->signature_ref_index_at(index2);
 964       match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 965       if (match) {
 966         return true;
 967       }
 968     }
 969   } break;
 970 
 971   case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
 972   {
 973     int recur1 = string_index_at(index1);
 974     int recur2 = cp2->string_index_at(index2);
 975     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 976     if (match) {
 977       return true;
 978     }
 979   } break;
 980 
 981   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 982   {
 983     Symbol* k1 = klass_name_at(index1);
 984     Symbol* k2 = cp2->klass_name_at(index2);
 985     if (k1 == k2) {
 986       return true;
 987     }
 988   } break;
 989 
 990   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
 991   {
 992     int k1 = method_type_index_at_error_ok(index1);
 993     int k2 = cp2->method_type_index_at_error_ok(index2);
 994     bool match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2, CHECK_false);
 995     if (match) {
 996       return true;
 997     }
 998   } break;
 999 
1000   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1001   {
1002     int k1 = method_handle_ref_kind_at_error_ok(index1);
1003     int k2 = cp2->method_handle_ref_kind_at_error_ok(index2);
1004     if (k1 == k2) {
1005       int i1 = method_handle_index_at_error_ok(index1);
1006       int i2 = cp2->method_handle_index_at_error_ok(index2);
1007       bool match = compare_entry_to(i1, cp2, i2, CHECK_false);
1008       if (match) {
1009         return true;
1010       }
1011     }
1012   } break;
1013 
1014   case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1015   {
1016     int k1 = invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
1017     int k2 = cp2->invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
1018     int i1 = invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_specifier_index(index1);
1019     int i2 = cp2->invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_specifier_index(index2);
1020     // separate statements and variables because CHECK_false is used
1021     bool match_entry = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2, CHECK_false);
1022     bool match_operand = compare_operand_to(i1, cp2, i2, CHECK_false);
1023     return (match_entry && match_operand);
1024   } break;
1025 
1026   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1027   {
1028     Symbol* s1 = unresolved_string_at(index1);
1029     Symbol* s2 = cp2->unresolved_string_at(index2);
1030     if (s1 == s2) {
1031       return true;
1032     }
1033   } break;
1034 
1035   case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1036   {
1037     Symbol* s1 = symbol_at(index1);
1038     Symbol* s2 = cp2->symbol_at(index2);
1039     if (s1 == s2) {
1040       return true;
1041     }
1042   } break;
1043 
1044   // Invalid is used as the tag for the second constant pool entry
1045   // occupied by JVM_CONSTANT_Double or JVM_CONSTANT_Long. It should
1046   // not be seen by itself.
1047   case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: // fall through
1048 
1049   default:
1050     ShouldNotReachHere();
1051     break;
1052   }
1053 
1054   return false;
1055 } // end compare_entry_to()
1056 
1057 
1058 // Resize the operands array with delta_len and delta_size.
1059 // Used in RedefineClasses for CP merge.
1060 void ConstantPool::resize_operands(int delta_len, int delta_size, TRAPS) {
1061   int old_len  = operand_array_length(operands());
1062   int new_len  = old_len + delta_len;
1063   int min_len  = (delta_len > 0) ? old_len : new_len;
1064 
1065   int old_size = operands()->length();
1066   int new_size = old_size + delta_size;
1067   int min_size = (delta_size > 0) ? old_size : new_size;
1068 
1069   ClassLoaderData* loader_data = pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
1070   Array<u2>* new_ops = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, new_size, CHECK);
1071 
1072   // Set index in the resized array for existing elements only
1073   for (int idx = 0; idx < min_len; idx++) {
1074     int offset = operand_offset_at(idx);                       // offset in original array
1075     operand_offset_at_put(new_ops, idx, offset + 2*delta_len); // offset in resized array
1076   }
1077   // Copy the bootstrap specifiers only
1078   Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(operands()->adr_at(2*old_len),
1079                                new_ops->adr_at(2*new_len),
1080                                (min_size - 2*min_len) * sizeof(u2));
1081   // Explicitly deallocate old operands array.
1082   // Note, it is not needed for 7u backport.
1083   if ( operands() != NULL) { // the safety check
1084     MetadataFactory::free_array<u2>(loader_data, operands());
1085   }
1086   set_operands(new_ops);
1087 } // end resize_operands()
1088 
1089 
1090 // Extend the operands array with the length and size of the ext_cp operands.
1091 // Used in RedefineClasses for CP merge.
1092 void ConstantPool::extend_operands(const constantPoolHandle& ext_cp, TRAPS) {
1093   int delta_len = operand_array_length(ext_cp->operands());
1094   if (delta_len == 0) {
1095     return; // nothing to do
1096   }
1097   int delta_size = ext_cp->operands()->length();
1098 
1099   assert(delta_len  > 0 && delta_size > 0, "extended operands array must be bigger");
1100 
1101   if (operand_array_length(operands()) == 0) {
1102     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
1103     Array<u2>* new_ops = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, delta_size, CHECK);
1104     // The first element index defines the offset of second part
1105     operand_offset_at_put(new_ops, 0, 2*delta_len); // offset in new array
1106     set_operands(new_ops);
1107   } else {
1108     resize_operands(delta_len, delta_size, CHECK);
1109   }
1110 
1111 } // end extend_operands()
1112 
1113 
1114 // Shrink the operands array to a smaller array with new_len length.
1115 // Used in RedefineClasses for CP merge.
1116 void ConstantPool::shrink_operands(int new_len, TRAPS) {
1117   int old_len = operand_array_length(operands());
1118   if (new_len == old_len) {
1119     return; // nothing to do
1120   }
1121   assert(new_len < old_len, "shrunken operands array must be smaller");
1122 
1123   int free_base  = operand_next_offset_at(new_len - 1);
1124   int delta_len  = new_len - old_len;
1125   int delta_size = 2*delta_len + free_base - operands()->length();
1126 
1127   resize_operands(delta_len, delta_size, CHECK);
1128 
1129 } // end shrink_operands()
1130 
1131 
1132 void ConstantPool::copy_operands(const constantPoolHandle& from_cp,
1133                                  const constantPoolHandle& to_cp,
1134                                  TRAPS) {
1135 
1136   int from_oplen = operand_array_length(from_cp->operands());
1137   int old_oplen  = operand_array_length(to_cp->operands());
1138   if (from_oplen != 0) {
1139     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = to_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
1140     // append my operands to the target's operands array
1141     if (old_oplen == 0) {
1142       // Can't just reuse from_cp's operand list because of deallocation issues
1143       int len = from_cp->operands()->length();
1144       Array<u2>* new_ops = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, len, CHECK);
1145       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(
1146           from_cp->operands()->adr_at(0), new_ops->adr_at(0), len * sizeof(u2));
1147       to_cp->set_operands(new_ops);
1148     } else {
1149       int old_len  = to_cp->operands()->length();
1150       int from_len = from_cp->operands()->length();
1151       int old_off  = old_oplen * sizeof(u2);
1152       int from_off = from_oplen * sizeof(u2);
1153       // Use the metaspace for the destination constant pool
1154       Array<u2>* new_operands = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, old_len + from_len, CHECK);
1155       int fillp = 0, len = 0;
1156       // first part of dest
1157       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(to_cp->operands()->adr_at(0),
1158                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1159                                    (len = old_off) * sizeof(u2));
1160       fillp += len;
1161       // first part of src
1162       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(from_cp->operands()->adr_at(0),
1163                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1164                                    (len = from_off) * sizeof(u2));
1165       fillp += len;
1166       // second part of dest
1167       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(to_cp->operands()->adr_at(old_off),
1168                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1169                                    (len = old_len - old_off) * sizeof(u2));
1170       fillp += len;
1171       // second part of src
1172       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(from_cp->operands()->adr_at(from_off),
1173                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1174                                    (len = from_len - from_off) * sizeof(u2));
1175       fillp += len;
1176       assert(fillp == new_operands->length(), "");
1177 
1178       // Adjust indexes in the first part of the copied operands array.
1179       for (int j = 0; j < from_oplen; j++) {
1180         int offset = operand_offset_at(new_operands, old_oplen + j);
1181         assert(offset == operand_offset_at(from_cp->operands(), j), "correct copy");
1182         offset += old_len;  // every new tuple is preceded by old_len extra u2's
1183         operand_offset_at_put(new_operands, old_oplen + j, offset);
1184       }
1185 
1186       // replace target operands array with combined array
1187       to_cp->set_operands(new_operands);
1188     }
1189   }
1190 } // end copy_operands()
1191 
1192 
1193 // Copy this constant pool's entries at start_i to end_i (inclusive)
1194 // to the constant pool to_cp's entries starting at to_i. A total of
1195 // (end_i - start_i) + 1 entries are copied.
1196 void ConstantPool::copy_cp_to_impl(const constantPoolHandle& from_cp, int start_i, int end_i,
1197        const constantPoolHandle& to_cp, int to_i, TRAPS) {
1198 
1199 
1200   int dest_i = to_i;  // leave original alone for debug purposes
1201 
1202   for (int src_i = start_i; src_i <= end_i; /* see loop bottom */ ) {
1203     copy_entry_to(from_cp, src_i, to_cp, dest_i, CHECK);
1204 
1205     switch (from_cp->tag_at(src_i).value()) {
1206     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1207     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1208       // double and long take two constant pool entries
1209       src_i += 2;
1210       dest_i += 2;
1211       break;
1212 
1213     default:
1214       // all others take one constant pool entry
1215       src_i++;
1216       dest_i++;
1217       break;
1218     }
1219   }
1220   copy_operands(from_cp, to_cp, CHECK);
1221 
1222 } // end copy_cp_to_impl()
1223 
1224 
1225 // Copy this constant pool's entry at from_i to the constant pool
1226 // to_cp's entry at to_i.
1227 void ConstantPool::copy_entry_to(const constantPoolHandle& from_cp, int from_i,
1228                                         const constantPoolHandle& to_cp, int to_i,
1229                                         TRAPS) {
1230 
1231   int tag = from_cp->tag_at(from_i).value();
1232   switch (tag) {
1233   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1234   {
1235     Klass* k = from_cp->klass_at(from_i, CHECK);
1236     to_cp->klass_at_put(to_i, k);
1237   } break;
1238 
1239   case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
1240   {
1241     jint ki = from_cp->klass_index_at(from_i);
1242     to_cp->klass_index_at_put(to_i, ki);
1243   } break;
1244 
1245   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1246   {
1247     jdouble d = from_cp->double_at(from_i);
1248     to_cp->double_at_put(to_i, d);
1249     // double takes two constant pool entries so init second entry's tag
1250     to_cp->tag_at_put(to_i + 1, JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid);
1251   } break;
1252 
1253   case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1254   {
1255     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1256     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1257     to_cp->field_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1258   } break;
1259 
1260   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1261   {
1262     jfloat f = from_cp->float_at(from_i);
1263     to_cp->float_at_put(to_i, f);
1264   } break;
1265 
1266   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1267   {
1268     jint i = from_cp->int_at(from_i);
1269     to_cp->int_at_put(to_i, i);
1270   } break;
1271 
1272   case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
1273   {
1274     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1275     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1276     to_cp->interface_method_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1277   } break;
1278 
1279   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1280   {
1281     jlong l = from_cp->long_at(from_i);
1282     to_cp->long_at_put(to_i, l);
1283     // long takes two constant pool entries so init second entry's tag
1284     to_cp->tag_at_put(to_i + 1, JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid);
1285   } break;
1286 
1287   case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1288   {
1289     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1290     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1291     to_cp->method_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1292   } break;
1293 
1294   case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
1295   {
1296     int name_ref_index = from_cp->name_ref_index_at(from_i);
1297     int signature_ref_index = from_cp->signature_ref_index_at(from_i);
1298     to_cp->name_and_type_at_put(to_i, name_ref_index, signature_ref_index);
1299   } break;
1300 
1301   case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
1302   {
1303     jint si = from_cp->string_index_at(from_i);
1304     to_cp->string_index_at_put(to_i, si);
1305   } break;
1306 
1307   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1308   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
1309   {
1310     // Can be resolved after checking tag, so check the slot first.
1311     CPSlot entry = from_cp->slot_at(from_i);
1312     if (entry.is_resolved()) {
1313       assert(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(), "must be");
1314       // Already resolved
1315       to_cp->klass_at_put(to_i, entry.get_klass());
1316     } else {
1317       to_cp->unresolved_klass_at_put(to_i, entry.get_symbol());
1318     }
1319   } break;
1320 
1321   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1322   {
1323     Symbol* s = from_cp->unresolved_string_at(from_i);
1324     to_cp->unresolved_string_at_put(to_i, s);
1325   } break;
1326 
1327   case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1328   {
1329     Symbol* s = from_cp->symbol_at(from_i);
1330     // Need to increase refcount, the old one will be thrown away and deferenced
1331     s->increment_refcount();
1332     to_cp->symbol_at_put(to_i, s);
1333   } break;
1334 
1335   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1336   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
1337   {
1338     jint k = from_cp->method_type_index_at_error_ok(from_i);
1339     to_cp->method_type_index_at_put(to_i, k);
1340   } break;
1341 
1342   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1343   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
1344   {
1345     int k1 = from_cp->method_handle_ref_kind_at_error_ok(from_i);
1346     int k2 = from_cp->method_handle_index_at_error_ok(from_i);
1347     to_cp->method_handle_index_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1348   } break;
1349 
1350   case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1351   {
1352     int k1 = from_cp->invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_specifier_index(from_i);
1353     int k2 = from_cp->invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1354     k1 += operand_array_length(to_cp->operands());  // to_cp might already have operands
1355     to_cp->invoke_dynamic_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1356   } break;
1357 
1358   // Invalid is used as the tag for the second constant pool entry
1359   // occupied by JVM_CONSTANT_Double or JVM_CONSTANT_Long. It should
1360   // not be seen by itself.
1361   case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: // fall through
1362 
1363   default:
1364   {
1365     ShouldNotReachHere();
1366   } break;
1367   }
1368 } // end copy_entry_to()
1369 
1370 
1371 // Search constant pool search_cp for an entry that matches this
1372 // constant pool's entry at pattern_i. Returns the index of a
1373 // matching entry or zero (0) if there is no matching entry.
1374 int ConstantPool::find_matching_entry(int pattern_i,
1375       const constantPoolHandle& search_cp, TRAPS) {
1376 
1377   // index zero (0) is not used
1378   for (int i = 1; i < search_cp->length(); i++) {
1379     bool found = compare_entry_to(pattern_i, search_cp, i, CHECK_0);
1380     if (found) {
1381       return i;
1382     }
1383   }
1384 
1385   return 0;  // entry not found; return unused index zero (0)
1386 } // end find_matching_entry()
1387 
1388 
1389 // Compare this constant pool's bootstrap specifier at idx1 to the constant pool
1390 // cp2's bootstrap specifier at idx2.
1391 bool ConstantPool::compare_operand_to(int idx1, const constantPoolHandle& cp2, int idx2, TRAPS) {
1392   int k1 = operand_bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(idx1);
1393   int k2 = cp2->operand_bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(idx2);
1394   bool match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2, CHECK_false);
1395 
1396   if (!match) {
1397     return false;
1398   }
1399   int argc = operand_argument_count_at(idx1);
1400   if (argc == cp2->operand_argument_count_at(idx2)) {
1401     for (int j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
1402       k1 = operand_argument_index_at(idx1, j);
1403       k2 = cp2->operand_argument_index_at(idx2, j);
1404       match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2, CHECK_false);
1405       if (!match) {
1406         return false;
1407       }
1408     }
1409     return true;           // got through loop; all elements equal
1410   }
1411   return false;
1412 } // end compare_operand_to()
1413 
1414 // Search constant pool search_cp for a bootstrap specifier that matches
1415 // this constant pool's bootstrap specifier at pattern_i index.
1416 // Return the index of a matching bootstrap specifier or (-1) if there is no match.
1417 int ConstantPool::find_matching_operand(int pattern_i,
1418                     const constantPoolHandle& search_cp, int search_len, TRAPS) {
1419   for (int i = 0; i < search_len; i++) {
1420     bool found = compare_operand_to(pattern_i, search_cp, i, CHECK_(-1));
1421     if (found) {
1422       return i;
1423     }
1424   }
1425   return -1;  // bootstrap specifier not found; return unused index (-1)
1426 } // end find_matching_operand()
1427 
1428 
1429 #ifndef PRODUCT
1430 
1431 const char* ConstantPool::printable_name_at(int which) {
1432 
1433   constantTag tag = tag_at(which);
1434 
1435   if (tag.is_string()) {
1436     return string_at_noresolve(which);
1437   } else if (tag.is_klass() || tag.is_unresolved_klass()) {
1438     return klass_name_at(which)->as_C_string();
1439   } else if (tag.is_symbol()) {
1440     return symbol_at(which)->as_C_string();
1441   }
1442   return "";
1443 }
1444 
1445 #endif // PRODUCT
1446 
1447 
1448 // JVMTI GetConstantPool support
1449 
1450 // For debugging of constant pool
1451 const bool debug_cpool = false;
1452 
1453 #define DBG(code) do { if (debug_cpool) { (code); } } while(0)
1454 
1455 static void print_cpool_bytes(jint cnt, u1 *bytes) {
1456   const char* WARN_MSG = "Must not be such entry!";
1457   jint size = 0;
1458   u2   idx1, idx2;
1459 
1460   for (jint idx = 1; idx < cnt; idx++) {
1461     jint ent_size = 0;
1462     u1   tag  = *bytes++;
1463     size++;                       // count tag
1464 
1465     printf("const #%03d, tag: %02d ", idx, tag);
1466     switch(tag) {
1467       case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: {
1468         printf("Invalid");
1469         break;
1470       }
1471       case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode: {
1472         printf("Unicode      %s", WARN_MSG);
1473         break;
1474       }
1475       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
1476         u2 len = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1477         char str[128];
1478         if (len > 127) {
1479            len = 127;
1480         }
1481         strncpy(str, (char *) (bytes+2), len);
1482         str[len] = '\0';
1483         printf("Utf8          \"%s\"", str);
1484         ent_size = 2 + len;
1485         break;
1486       }
1487       case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer: {
1488         u4 val = Bytes::get_Java_u4(bytes);
1489         printf("int          %d", *(int *) &val);
1490         ent_size = 4;
1491         break;
1492       }
1493       case JVM_CONSTANT_Float: {
1494         u4 val = Bytes::get_Java_u4(bytes);
1495         printf("float        %5.3ff", *(float *) &val);
1496         ent_size = 4;
1497         break;
1498       }
1499       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long: {
1500         u8 val = Bytes::get_Java_u8(bytes);
1501         printf("long         " INT64_FORMAT, (int64_t) *(jlong *) &val);
1502         ent_size = 8;
1503         idx++; // Long takes two cpool slots
1504         break;
1505       }
1506       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
1507         u8 val = Bytes::get_Java_u8(bytes);
1508         printf("double       %5.3fd", *(jdouble *)&val);
1509         ent_size = 8;
1510         idx++; // Double takes two cpool slots
1511         break;
1512       }
1513       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class: {
1514         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1515         printf("class        #%03d", idx1);
1516         ent_size = 2;
1517         break;
1518       }
1519       case JVM_CONSTANT_String: {
1520         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1521         printf("String       #%03d", idx1);
1522         ent_size = 2;
1523         break;
1524       }
1525       case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref: {
1526         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1527         idx2 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes+2);
1528         printf("Field        #%03d, #%03d", (int) idx1, (int) idx2);
1529         ent_size = 4;
1530         break;
1531       }
1532       case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref: {
1533         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1534         idx2 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes+2);
1535         printf("Method       #%03d, #%03d", idx1, idx2);
1536         ent_size = 4;
1537         break;
1538       }
1539       case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: {
1540         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1541         idx2 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes+2);
1542         printf("InterfMethod #%03d, #%03d", idx1, idx2);
1543         ent_size = 4;
1544         break;
1545       }
1546       case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType: {
1547         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1548         idx2 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes+2);
1549         printf("NameAndType  #%03d, #%03d", idx1, idx2);
1550         ent_size = 4;
1551         break;
1552       }
1553       case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: {
1554         printf("ClassIndex  %s", WARN_MSG);
1555         break;
1556       }
1557       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass: {
1558         printf("UnresolvedClass: %s", WARN_MSG);
1559         break;
1560       }
1561       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
1562         printf("UnresolvedClassInErr: %s", WARN_MSG);
1563         break;
1564       }
1565       case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex: {
1566         printf("StringIndex: %s", WARN_MSG);
1567         break;
1568       }
1569     }
1570     printf(";\n");
1571     bytes += ent_size;
1572     size  += ent_size;
1573   }
1574   printf("Cpool size: %d\n", size);
1575   fflush(0);
1576   return;
1577 } /* end print_cpool_bytes */
1578 
1579 
1580 // Returns size of constant pool entry.
1581 jint ConstantPool::cpool_entry_size(jint idx) {
1582   switch(tag_at(idx).value()) {
1583     case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid:
1584     case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode:
1585       return 1;
1586 
1587     case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1588       return 3 + symbol_at(idx)->utf8_length();
1589 
1590     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1591     case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1592     case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
1593     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1594     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
1595     case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
1596     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1597     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
1598       return 3;
1599 
1600     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1601     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
1602       return 4; //tag, ref_kind, ref_index
1603 
1604     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1605     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1606     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1607     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1608     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
1609     case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
1610       return 5;
1611 
1612     case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1613       // u1 tag, u2 bsm, u2 nt
1614       return 5;
1615 
1616     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1617     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1618       return 9;
1619   }
1620   assert(false, "cpool_entry_size: Invalid constant pool entry tag");
1621   return 1;
1622 } /* end cpool_entry_size */
1623 
1624 
1625 // SymbolHashMap is used to find a constant pool index from a string.
1626 // This function fills in SymbolHashMaps, one for utf8s and one for
1627 // class names, returns size of the cpool raw bytes.
1628 jint ConstantPool::hash_entries_to(SymbolHashMap *symmap,
1629                                           SymbolHashMap *classmap) {
1630   jint size = 0;
1631 
1632   for (u2 idx = 1; idx < length(); idx++) {
1633     u2 tag = tag_at(idx).value();
1634     size += cpool_entry_size(idx);
1635 
1636     switch(tag) {
1637       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
1638         Symbol* sym = symbol_at(idx);
1639         symmap->add_entry(sym, idx);
1640         DBG(printf("adding symbol entry %s = %d\n", sym->as_utf8(), idx));
1641         break;
1642       }
1643       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1644       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1645       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
1646         Symbol* sym = klass_name_at(idx);
1647         classmap->add_entry(sym, idx);
1648         DBG(printf("adding class entry %s = %d\n", sym->as_utf8(), idx));
1649         break;
1650       }
1651       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1652       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
1653         idx++; // Both Long and Double take two cpool slots
1654         break;
1655       }
1656     }
1657   }
1658   return size;
1659 } /* end hash_utf8_entries_to */
1660 
1661 
1662 // Copy cpool bytes.
1663 // Returns:
1664 //    0, in case of OutOfMemoryError
1665 //   -1, in case of internal error
1666 //  > 0, count of the raw cpool bytes that have been copied
1667 int ConstantPool::copy_cpool_bytes(int cpool_size,
1668                                           SymbolHashMap* tbl,
1669                                           unsigned char *bytes) {
1670   u2   idx1, idx2;
1671   jint size  = 0;
1672   jint cnt   = length();
1673   unsigned char *start_bytes = bytes;
1674 
1675   for (jint idx = 1; idx < cnt; idx++) {
1676     u1   tag      = tag_at(idx).value();
1677     jint ent_size = cpool_entry_size(idx);
1678 
1679     assert(size + ent_size <= cpool_size, "Size mismatch");
1680 
1681     *bytes = tag;
1682     DBG(printf("#%03hd tag=%03hd, ", idx, tag));
1683     switch(tag) {
1684       case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: {
1685         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid"));
1686         break;
1687       }
1688       case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode: {
1689         assert(false, "Wrong constant pool tag: JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode");
1690         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode"));
1691         break;
1692       }
1693       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
1694         Symbol* sym = symbol_at(idx);
1695         char*     str = sym->as_utf8();
1696         // Warning! It's crashing on x86 with len = sym->utf8_length()
1697         int       len = (int) strlen(str);
1698         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), (u2) len);
1699         for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
1700             bytes[3+i] = (u1) str[i];
1701         }
1702         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: %s ", str));
1703         break;
1704       }
1705       case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer: {
1706         jint val = int_at(idx);
1707         Bytes::put_Java_u4((address) (bytes+1), *(u4*)&val);
1708         break;
1709       }
1710       case JVM_CONSTANT_Float: {
1711         jfloat val = float_at(idx);
1712         Bytes::put_Java_u4((address) (bytes+1), *(u4*)&val);
1713         break;
1714       }
1715       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long: {
1716         jlong val = long_at(idx);
1717         Bytes::put_Java_u8((address) (bytes+1), *(u8*)&val);
1718         idx++;             // Long takes two cpool slots
1719         break;
1720       }
1721       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
1722         jdouble val = double_at(idx);
1723         Bytes::put_Java_u8((address) (bytes+1), *(u8*)&val);
1724         idx++;             // Double takes two cpool slots
1725         break;
1726       }
1727       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1728       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1729       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
1730         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_Class;
1731         Symbol* sym = klass_name_at(idx);
1732         idx1 = tbl->symbol_to_value(sym);
1733         assert(idx1 != 0, "Have not found a hashtable entry");
1734         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1735         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Class: idx=#%03hd, %s", idx1, sym->as_utf8()));
1736         break;
1737       }
1738       case JVM_CONSTANT_String: {
1739         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_String;
1740         Symbol* sym = unresolved_string_at(idx);
1741         idx1 = tbl->symbol_to_value(sym);
1742         assert(idx1 != 0, "Have not found a hashtable entry");
1743         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1744         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_String: idx=#%03hd, %s", idx1, sym->as_utf8()));
1745         break;
1746       }
1747       case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1748       case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1749       case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: {
1750         idx1 = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(idx);
1751         idx2 = uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx);
1752         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1753         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
1754         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref: %hd %hd", idx1, idx2));
1755         break;
1756       }
1757       case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType: {
1758         idx1 = name_ref_index_at(idx);
1759         idx2 = signature_ref_index_at(idx);
1760         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1761         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
1762         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType: %hd %hd", idx1, idx2));
1763         break;
1764       }
1765       case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: {
1766         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_Class;
1767         idx1 = klass_index_at(idx);
1768         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1769         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: %hd", idx1));
1770         break;
1771       }
1772       case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex: {
1773         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_String;
1774         idx1 = string_index_at(idx);
1775         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1776         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex: %hd", idx1));
1777         break;
1778       }
1779       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1780       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError: {
1781         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle;
1782         int kind = method_handle_ref_kind_at_error_ok(idx);
1783         idx1 = method_handle_index_at_error_ok(idx);
1784         *(bytes+1) = (unsigned char) kind;
1785         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+2), idx1);
1786         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle: %d %hd", kind, idx1));
1787         break;
1788       }
1789       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1790       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError: {
1791         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType;
1792         idx1 = method_type_index_at_error_ok(idx);
1793         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1794         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType: %hd", idx1));
1795         break;
1796       }
1797       case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic: {
1798         *bytes = tag;
1799         idx1 = extract_low_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
1800         idx2 = extract_high_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
1801         assert(idx2 == invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx), "correct half of u4");
1802         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1803         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
1804         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic: %hd %hd", idx1, idx2));
1805         break;
1806       }
1807     }
1808     DBG(printf("\n"));
1809     bytes += ent_size;
1810     size  += ent_size;
1811   }
1812   assert(size == cpool_size, "Size mismatch");
1813 
1814   // Keep temorarily for debugging until it's stable.
1815   DBG(print_cpool_bytes(cnt, start_bytes));
1816   return (int)(bytes - start_bytes);
1817 } /* end copy_cpool_bytes */
1818 
1819 #undef DBG
1820 
1821 
1822 void ConstantPool::set_on_stack(const bool value) {
1823   if (value) {
1824     // Only record if it's not already set.
1825     if (!on_stack()) {
1826       _flags |= _on_stack;
1827       MetadataOnStackMark::record(this);
1828     }
1829   } else {
1830     // Clearing is done single-threadedly.
1831     _flags &= ~_on_stack;
1832   }
1833 }
1834 
1835 // JSR 292 support for patching constant pool oops after the class is linked and
1836 // the oop array for resolved references are created.
1837 // We can't do this during classfile parsing, which is how the other indexes are
1838 // patched.  The other patches are applied early for some error checking
1839 // so only defer the pseudo_strings.
1840 void ConstantPool::patch_resolved_references(GrowableArray<Handle>* cp_patches) {
1841   for (int index = 1; index < cp_patches->length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
1842     Handle patch = cp_patches->at(index);
1843     if (patch.not_null()) {
1844       assert (tag_at(index).is_string(), "should only be string left");
1845       // Patching a string means pre-resolving it.
1846       // The spelling in the constant pool is ignored.
1847       // The constant reference may be any object whatever.
1848       // If it is not a real interned string, the constant is referred
1849       // to as a "pseudo-string", and must be presented to the CP
1850       // explicitly, because it may require scavenging.
1851       int obj_index = cp_to_object_index(index);
1852       pseudo_string_at_put(index, obj_index, patch());
1853      DEBUG_ONLY(cp_patches->at_put(index, Handle());)
1854     }
1855   }
1856 #ifdef ASSERT
1857   // Ensure that all the patches have been used.
1858   for (int index = 0; index < cp_patches->length(); index++) {
1859     assert(cp_patches->at(index).is_null(),
1860            "Unused constant pool patch at %d in class file %s",
1861            index,
1862            pool_holder()->external_name());
1863   }
1864 #endif // ASSERT
1865 }
1866 
1867 #ifndef PRODUCT
1868 
1869 // CompileTheWorld support. Preload all classes loaded references in the passed in constantpool
1870 void ConstantPool::preload_and_initialize_all_classes(ConstantPool* obj, TRAPS) {
1871   guarantee(obj->is_constantPool(), "object must be constant pool");
1872   constantPoolHandle cp(THREAD, (ConstantPool*)obj);
1873   guarantee(cp->pool_holder() != NULL, "must be fully loaded");
1874 
1875   for (int i = 0; i< cp->length();  i++) {
1876     if (cp->tag_at(i).is_unresolved_klass()) {
1877       // This will force loading of the class
1878       Klass* klass = cp->klass_at(i, CHECK);
1879       if (klass->is_instance_klass()) {
1880         // Force initialization of class
1881         InstanceKlass::cast(klass)->initialize(CHECK);
1882       }
1883     }
1884   }
1885 }
1886 
1887 #endif
1888 
1889 
1890 // Printing
1891 
1892 void ConstantPool::print_on(outputStream* st) const {
1893   assert(is_constantPool(), "must be constantPool");
1894   st->print_cr("%s", internal_name());
1895   if (flags() != 0) {
1896     st->print(" - flags: 0x%x", flags());
1897     if (has_preresolution()) st->print(" has_preresolution");
1898     if (on_stack()) st->print(" on_stack");
1899     st->cr();
1900   }
1901   if (pool_holder() != NULL) {
1902     st->print_cr(" - holder: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(pool_holder()));
1903   }
1904   st->print_cr(" - cache: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(cache()));
1905   st->print_cr(" - resolved_references: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(resolved_references()));
1906   st->print_cr(" - reference_map: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(reference_map()));
1907 
1908   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) {      // Index 0 is unused
1909     ((ConstantPool*)this)->print_entry_on(index, st);
1910     switch (tag_at(index).value()) {
1911       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long :
1912       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double :
1913         index++;   // Skip entry following eigth-byte constant
1914     }
1915 
1916   }
1917   st->cr();
1918 }
1919 
1920 // Print one constant pool entry
1921 void ConstantPool::print_entry_on(const int index, outputStream* st) {
1922   EXCEPTION_MARK;
1923   st->print(" - %3d : ", index);
1924   tag_at(index).print_on(st);
1925   st->print(" : ");
1926   switch (tag_at(index).value()) {
1927     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class :
1928       { Klass* k = klass_at(index, CATCH);
1929         guarantee(k != NULL, "need klass");
1930         k->print_value_on(st);
1931         st->print(" {" PTR_FORMAT "}", p2i(k));
1932       }
1933       break;
1934     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref :
1935     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref :
1936     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref :
1937       st->print("klass_index=%d", uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index));
1938       st->print(" name_and_type_index=%d", uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index));
1939       break;
1940     case JVM_CONSTANT_String :
1941       if (is_pseudo_string_at(index)) {
1942         oop anObj = pseudo_string_at(index);
1943         anObj->print_value_on(st);
1944         st->print(" {" PTR_FORMAT "}", p2i(anObj));
1945       } else {
1946         unresolved_string_at(index)->print_value_on(st);
1947       }
1948       break;
1949     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer :
1950       st->print("%d", int_at(index));
1951       break;
1952     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float :
1953       st->print("%f", float_at(index));
1954       break;
1955     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long :
1956       st->print_jlong(long_at(index));
1957       break;
1958     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double :
1959       st->print("%lf", double_at(index));
1960       break;
1961     case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType :
1962       st->print("name_index=%d", name_ref_index_at(index));
1963       st->print(" signature_index=%d", signature_ref_index_at(index));
1964       break;
1965     case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8 :
1966       symbol_at(index)->print_value_on(st);
1967       break;
1968     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass :               // fall-through
1969     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
1970       CPSlot entry = slot_at(index);
1971       if (entry.is_resolved()) {
1972         entry.get_klass()->print_value_on(st);
1973       } else {
1974         entry.get_symbol()->print_value_on(st);
1975       }
1976       }
1977       break;
1978     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle :
1979     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError :
1980       st->print("ref_kind=%d", method_handle_ref_kind_at_error_ok(index));
1981       st->print(" ref_index=%d", method_handle_index_at_error_ok(index));
1982       break;
1983     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType :
1984     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError :
1985       st->print("signature_index=%d", method_type_index_at_error_ok(index));
1986       break;
1987     case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic :
1988       {
1989         st->print("bootstrap_method_index=%d", invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(index));
1990         st->print(" name_and_type_index=%d", invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index));
1991         int argc = invoke_dynamic_argument_count_at(index);
1992         if (argc > 0) {
1993           for (int arg_i = 0; arg_i < argc; arg_i++) {
1994             int arg = invoke_dynamic_argument_index_at(index, arg_i);
1995             st->print((arg_i == 0 ? " arguments={%d" : ", %d"), arg);
1996           }
1997           st->print("}");
1998         }
1999       }
2000       break;
2001     default:
2002       ShouldNotReachHere();
2003       break;
2004   }
2005   st->cr();
2006 }
2007 
2008 void ConstantPool::print_value_on(outputStream* st) const {
2009   assert(is_constantPool(), "must be constantPool");
2010   st->print("constant pool [%d]", length());
2011   if (has_preresolution()) st->print("/preresolution");
2012   if (operands() != NULL)  st->print("/operands[%d]", operands()->length());
2013   print_address_on(st);
2014   st->print(" for ");
2015   pool_holder()->print_value_on(st);
2016   if (pool_holder() != NULL) {
2017     bool extra = (pool_holder()->constants() != this);
2018     if (extra)  st->print(" (extra)");
2019   }
2020   if (cache() != NULL) {
2021     st->print(" cache=" PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cache()));
2022   }
2023 }
2024 
2025 #if INCLUDE_SERVICES
2026 // Size Statistics
2027 void ConstantPool::collect_statistics(KlassSizeStats *sz) const {
2028   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_bytes          = sz->count(this));
2029   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_tags_bytes     = sz->count_array(tags()));
2030   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_cache_bytes    = sz->count(cache()));
2031   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_operands_bytes = sz->count_array(operands()));
2032   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_refmap_bytes   = sz->count_array(reference_map()));
2033 
2034   sz->_ro_bytes += sz->_cp_operands_bytes + sz->_cp_tags_bytes +
2035                    sz->_cp_refmap_bytes;
2036   sz->_rw_bytes += sz->_cp_bytes + sz->_cp_cache_bytes;
2037 }
2038 #endif // INCLUDE_SERVICES
2039 
2040 // Verification
2041 
2042 void ConstantPool::verify_on(outputStream* st) {
2043   guarantee(is_constantPool(), "object must be constant pool");
2044   for (int i = 0; i< length();  i++) {
2045     constantTag tag = tag_at(i);
2046     CPSlot entry = slot_at(i);
2047     if (tag.is_klass()) {
2048       if (entry.is_resolved()) {
2049         guarantee(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(),    "should be klass");
2050       }
2051     } else if (tag.is_unresolved_klass()) {
2052       if (entry.is_resolved()) {
2053         guarantee(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(),    "should be klass");
2054       }
2055     } else if (tag.is_symbol()) {
2056       guarantee(entry.get_symbol()->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2057     } else if (tag.is_string()) {
2058       guarantee(entry.get_symbol()->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2059     }
2060   }
2061   if (cache() != NULL) {
2062     // Note: cache() can be NULL before a class is completely setup or
2063     // in temporary constant pools used during constant pool merging
2064     guarantee(cache()->is_constantPoolCache(), "should be constant pool cache");
2065   }
2066   if (pool_holder() != NULL) {
2067     // Note: pool_holder() can be NULL in temporary constant pools
2068     // used during constant pool merging
2069     guarantee(pool_holder()->is_klass(),    "should be klass");
2070   }
2071 }
2072 
2073 
2074 void SymbolHashMap::add_entry(Symbol* sym, u2 value) {
2075   char *str = sym->as_utf8();
2076   unsigned int hash = compute_hash(str, sym->utf8_length());
2077   unsigned int index = hash % table_size();
2078 
2079   // check if already in map
2080   // we prefer the first entry since it is more likely to be what was used in
2081   // the class file
2082   for (SymbolHashMapEntry *en = bucket(index); en != NULL; en = en->next()) {
2083     assert(en->symbol() != NULL, "SymbolHashMapEntry symbol is NULL");
2084     if (en->hash() == hash && en->symbol() == sym) {
2085         return;  // already there
2086     }
2087   }
2088 
2089   SymbolHashMapEntry* entry = new SymbolHashMapEntry(hash, sym, value);
2090   entry->set_next(bucket(index));
2091   _buckets[index].set_entry(entry);
2092   assert(entry->symbol() != NULL, "SymbolHashMapEntry symbol is NULL");
2093 }
2094 
2095 SymbolHashMapEntry* SymbolHashMap::find_entry(Symbol* sym) {
2096   assert(sym != NULL, "SymbolHashMap::find_entry - symbol is NULL");
2097   char *str = sym->as_utf8();
2098   int   len = sym->utf8_length();
2099   unsigned int hash = SymbolHashMap::compute_hash(str, len);
2100   unsigned int index = hash % table_size();
2101   for (SymbolHashMapEntry *en = bucket(index); en != NULL; en = en->next()) {
2102     assert(en->symbol() != NULL, "SymbolHashMapEntry symbol is NULL");
2103     if (en->hash() == hash && en->symbol() == sym) {
2104       return en;
2105     }
2106   }
2107   return NULL;
2108 }