1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # tzdb data for Africa and environs 25 26 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 27 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 28 29 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 30 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 31 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 32 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 33 34 # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): 35 # 36 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 37 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 38 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 39 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 40 # 41 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 42 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport 43 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 44 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 45 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 46 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 47 # 48 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 49 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 50 # I found in the UCLA library. 51 # 52 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 53 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 54 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 55 # 56 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 57 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 58 # 59 # European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 60 # For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 61 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 62 # for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 63 # but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 64 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 65 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 66 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 67 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 68 # 69 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 70 # +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 71 # +02 CAT Central Africa Time 72 # +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 73 # and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 74 # +01 WAT West Africa Time 75 # Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 76 # I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 77 # cannot now come up with solid citations. 78 # 79 # I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: 80 # +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 81 # +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time 82 # +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time 83 # +03 EAT East Africa Time 84 # 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though 85 # the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, 86 # they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 87 # Corrections are welcome. 88 89 # Algeria 90 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 91 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 92 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 93 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 94 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 95 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 96 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 97 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 98 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 99 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 100 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 101 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 102 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 103 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 104 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 105 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 106 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 107 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 108 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 109 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 110 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 111 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 112 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 113 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 114 # more precise 0:09:21. 115 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 116 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 117 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 118 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 119 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 120 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 121 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 122 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 123 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 124 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 125 1:00 - CET 126 127 # Angola 128 # Benin 129 # See Africa/Lagos. 130 131 # Botswana 132 # See Africa/Maputo. 133 134 # Burkina Faso 135 # See Africa/Abidjan. 136 137 # Burundi 138 # See Africa/Maputo. 139 140 # Cameroon 141 # See Africa/Lagos. 142 143 # Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 144 # 145 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 146 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 147 # For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 148 # (see Europe/Lisbon). 149 # 150 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 151 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 152 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 153 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 154 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 155 -1:00 - -01 156 157 # Central African Republic 158 # See Africa/Lagos. 159 160 # Chad 161 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 162 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 163 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 164 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 165 1:00 - WAT 166 167 # Comoros 168 # See Africa/Nairobi. 169 170 # Democratic Republic of the Congo 171 # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 172 173 # Republic of the Congo 174 # See Africa/Lagos. 175 176 # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 177 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 178 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 179 0:00 - GMT 180 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 181 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 182 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 183 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 184 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 185 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 186 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 187 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 188 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 189 190 # Djibouti 191 # See Africa/Nairobi. 192 193 ############################################################################### 194 195 # Egypt 196 197 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 198 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 199 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 200 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 201 202 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 203 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 204 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 205 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 206 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 207 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 208 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 209 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 210 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 211 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 212 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 213 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 214 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 215 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 216 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 217 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 218 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 219 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 220 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 221 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 222 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 223 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 224 225 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 226 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 227 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 228 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 229 # 230 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 231 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 232 # or 233 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 234 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 235 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 236 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 237 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 238 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 239 # after observing the daylight saving time since May. 240 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 241 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 242 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 243 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 244 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 245 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 246 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 247 # https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 248 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 249 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 250 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 251 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 252 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 253 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 254 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 255 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 256 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 257 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 258 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 259 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 260 261 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 262 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 263 # 264 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 265 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 266 # Apr 23 267 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 268 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 269 # Apr 24 270 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 271 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 272 # Aug 27 273 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 274 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 275 # Aug 27 276 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 277 # 278 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 279 # :59) 280 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 281 # 282 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 283 # 284 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 285 # [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 286 # [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 287 288 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 289 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 290 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 291 # in September. 292 293 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 294 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 295 # Information and Decision Support Center: 296 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 297 # 298 # The Middle East News Agency 299 # https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 300 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 301 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 302 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 303 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 304 # (at least today). 305 306 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 307 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 308 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 309 # Ramadan. 310 # 311 # Arabic translation: 312 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 313 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 314 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 315 316 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 317 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 318 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 319 320 # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 321 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 322 323 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 324 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 325 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 326 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 327 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 328 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 329 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 330 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 331 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 332 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 333 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 334 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 335 336 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 337 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 338 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 339 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 340 # no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 341 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 342 343 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 344 # Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 345 # This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 346 # Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 347 # dates not yet announced.... 348 # http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 349 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 350 351 # From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 352 # Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 353 # least for 2015. 354 # 355 # From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 356 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 357 # "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 358 # time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 359 # practice altogether in future years." 360 # 361 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 362 # Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 363 # decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 364 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 365 366 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 367 # Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 368 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 369 # From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 370 # Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 371 372 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 373 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 374 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 375 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 376 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 377 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 378 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 379 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 380 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 381 382 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 383 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 384 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 385 386 # Equatorial Guinea 387 # See Africa/Lagos. 388 389 # Eritrea 390 # See Africa/Nairobi. 391 392 # Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) 393 # See Africa/Johannesburg. 394 395 # Ethiopia 396 # See Africa/Nairobi. 397 # 398 # Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, 399 # as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian 400 # timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: 401 # Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double 402 # check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. 403 # https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time 404 405 # Gabon 406 # See Africa/Lagos. 407 408 # Gambia 409 # See Africa/Abidjan. 410 411 # Ghana 412 413 # From Paul Eggert (2018-01-30): 414 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 415 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942 with 20 minutes of DST, 416 # with transitions on 09-01 and 12-31 at 00:00. 417 # Page 33 of Parish GCB, Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 1066. Gold 418 # Coast. Report for 1919. (March 1921), OCLC 784024077 419 # http://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/africana/books2011-05/5530214/5530214_1919/5530214_1919_opt.pdf 420 # lists the Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919, No. 18, 421 # "to advance the time observed locally by the space of twenty minutes 422 # during the last four months of each year; the object in view being 423 # to extend during those months the period of daylight-time available 424 # for evening recreation after office hours." 425 # Vanessa Ogle, The Global Transformation of Time, 1870-1950 (2015), p 33, 426 # writes "In 1919, the Gold Coast (Ghana as of 1957) made Greenwich 427 # time its legal time and simultaneously legalized a summer time of 428 # UTC - 00:20 minutes from March to October."; a footnote lists 429 # the ordinance as being dated 1919-11-24. 430 # The Crown Colonist, Volume 12 (1942), p 176, says "the Government 431 # intend advancing Gold Coast time half an hour ahead of G.M.T. 432 # The actual date of the alteration has not yet been announced." 433 # These sources are incomplete and contradictory. Possibly what is 434 # now Ghana observed different DST regimes in different years. For 435 # lack of better info, use Shanks except treat the minus sign as a 436 # typo, and assume DST started in 1920 not 1936. 437 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 438 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 - 439 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 440 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 441 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 442 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020 443 444 # Guinea 445 # See Africa/Abidjan. 446 447 # Guinea-Bissau 448 # 449 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 450 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 451 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 452 # (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. 453 # 454 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 455 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 456 -1:00 - -01 1975 457 0:00 - GMT 458 459 # Kenya 460 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 461 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 462 3:00 - EAT 1930 463 2:30 - +0230 1940 464 2:45 - +0245 1960 465 3:00 - EAT 466 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia 467 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea 468 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania 469 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti 470 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda 471 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia 472 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar 473 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro 474 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte 475 476 # Lesotho 477 # See Africa/Johannesburg. 478 479 # Liberia 480 # 481 # From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 482 # 483 # The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 484 # 485 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 486 # that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 487 # 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 488 # Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 489 # President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 490 # Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 491 # 492 # Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 493 # abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 494 # 495 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 496 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 497 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 498 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 499 0:00 - GMT 500 501 ############################################################################### 502 503 # Libya 504 505 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 506 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 507 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 508 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 509 # 510 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 511 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 512 # 513 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 514 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 515 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 516 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 517 # lastFri instead of lastSun). 518 519 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 520 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 521 # cancelled yesterday.... 522 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 523 # 524 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 525 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 526 527 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 528 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 529 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 530 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 531 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 532 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 533 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 534 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 535 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 536 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 537 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 538 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 539 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 540 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 541 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 542 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 543 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 544 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 545 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 546 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 547 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 548 2:00 - EET 1982 549 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 550 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 551 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 552 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 553 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 554 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 555 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 556 2:00 - EET 557 558 # Madagascar 559 # See Africa/Nairobi. 560 561 # Malawi 562 # See Africa/Maputo. 563 564 # Mali 565 # Mauritania 566 # See Africa/Abidjan. 567 568 # Mauritius 569 570 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 571 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 572 # basis.... 573 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 574 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 575 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 576 577 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 578 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 579 580 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 581 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 582 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 583 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 584 585 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 586 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 587 588 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 589 # According to 590 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 591 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 592 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 593 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 594 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 595 # 596 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 597 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 598 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 599 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 600 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 601 # changes two days later. 602 603 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 604 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 605 # time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 606 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 607 # 608 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 609 # de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 610 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 611 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 612 613 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 614 # The Government of Mauritius weblink 615 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 616 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 617 # 618 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 619 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 620 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 621 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 622 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 623 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 624 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 625 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 626 # and end on 29 March 2009. 627 628 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 629 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 630 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 631 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 632 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 633 634 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 635 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 636 # DST the coming summer... 637 # 638 # Some sources, in French: 639 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 640 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 641 # 642 # Our wrap-up: 643 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 644 645 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 646 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 647 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 648 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 649 650 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 651 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 652 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 653 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 654 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 655 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 656 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 657 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 658 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez 659 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 660 661 # Mayotte 662 # See Africa/Nairobi. 663 664 # Morocco 665 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 666 667 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 668 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 669 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 670 # 671 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 672 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 673 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 674 # 675 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 676 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 677 678 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 679 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 680 # Presse: 681 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 682 # 683 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 684 # spokesman. 685 686 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 687 # According to this article: 688 # https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 689 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 690 # the changes occur at midnight: 691 # 692 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 693 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 694 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight 695 # 696 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 697 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 698 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 699 # June 1st to Sept 27th. 700 # 701 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 702 # published on the web. 703 # 704 # It's also confirmed here: 705 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 706 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 707 # posted in English). 708 # 709 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 710 # https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 711 712 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 713 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 714 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 715 # of September: 716 # 717 # One article about it (in French): 718 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 719 # 720 # We have some further details posted here: 721 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 722 723 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 724 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 725 # to many sources, such as 726 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 727 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 728 # (French) 729 # 730 # Our summary: 731 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 732 733 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 734 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 735 # Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 736 # 737 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 738 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 739 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 740 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 741 # 742 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 743 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 744 745 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 746 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 747 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 748 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 749 # 750 # Example: 751 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 752 # (French) 753 # Our page: 754 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 755 756 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 757 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 758 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 759 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 760 # ...Official links of change in morocco 761 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 762 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 763 # +212.537.71.84.00 764 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 765 # They said that 766 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 767 # is the official publication to look at. 768 # They said that the decision was already taken. 769 # 770 # More articles in the press 771 # https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 772 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 773 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 774 775 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 776 # They have it written in English here: 777 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 778 # 779 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 780 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 781 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 782 # also been like that in the past. 783 784 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 785 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 786 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: 787 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été 788 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 789 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 790 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 791 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 792 # except the month of Ramadan. 793 # or (brief) 794 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 795 796 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 797 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 798 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 799 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 800 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 801 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 802 803 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 804 # Seen Morocco change again: 805 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 806 # "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 807 # comme annoncé précédemment." 808 809 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 810 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 811 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 812 # 813 # Google translation, lightly edited: 814 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 815 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 816 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 817 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 818 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 819 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 820 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 821 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 822 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 823 824 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 825 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 826 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 827 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 828 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 829 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 830 831 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 832 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 833 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 834 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 835 836 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 837 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 838 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 839 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 840 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 841 # source (French): 842 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 843 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 844 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 845 846 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 847 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 848 849 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 850 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 851 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 852 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 853 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 854 855 # From Milamber (2015-06-08): 856 # (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 857 # Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 858 # that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 859 # 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 860 # 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 861 # 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 862 # Source (french): 863 # https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 864 # 865 # From Milamber (2015-06-09): 866 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 867 # 868 # From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 869 # [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 870 # from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 871 # I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 872 # <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 873 # with the patch. 874 875 # From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): 876 # Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition 877 # of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. 878 # From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28): 879 # http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf 880 # 881 # From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01): 882 # We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1 883 # the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision 884 # about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case, 885 # as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing 886 # that 64% of asked peopke are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan. 887 # https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan 888 # 889 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-01): 890 # For now, guess that Morocco will fall back at 03:00 the last Sunday 891 # before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the first Sunday after 892 # Ramadan, as this has been the practice since 2012. To implement this, 893 # transition dates for 2019 through 2037 were determined by running the 894 # following program under GNU Emacs 26.1. 895 # (let ((islamic-year 1440)) 896 # (require 'cal-islam) 897 # (while (< islamic-year 1460) 898 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 899 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 900 # (sunday 0)) 901 # (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 902 # (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 903 # (setq b (1+ b))) 904 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 905 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 906 # (insert 907 # (format 908 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n" 909 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n") 910 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 911 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 912 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 913 914 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 915 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - 916 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 917 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - 918 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 919 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - 920 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 921 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - 922 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 923 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - 924 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 925 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 926 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 927 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 928 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 929 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 930 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 931 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 932 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 933 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 934 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - 935 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 936 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - 937 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 938 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 939 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 940 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - 941 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 942 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 943 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - 944 Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 945 Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 946 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 947 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - 948 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 949 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - 950 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 951 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - 952 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 953 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - 954 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 955 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - 956 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 - 957 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 - 958 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 - 959 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 0 - 960 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 - 961 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 - 962 Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 - 963 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 - 964 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 - 965 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 966 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 - 967 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 - 968 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 - 969 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 - 970 Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 - 971 Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 - 972 Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 - 973 Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 - 974 Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 - 975 Rule Morocco 2028 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 - 976 Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 - 977 Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 - 978 Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 - 979 Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 - 980 Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 - 981 Rule Morocco 2031 only - Jan 26 2:00 0 - 982 Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 - 983 Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 - 984 Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 - 985 Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 - 986 Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 - 987 Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 - 988 Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 - 989 Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 - 990 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 - 991 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 - 992 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 - 993 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 - 994 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 - 995 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 - 996 997 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 998 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 999 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16 1000 1:00 - +01 1986 1001 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1002 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1003 1004 # Western Sahara 1005 # 1006 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 1007 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 1008 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 1009 # Morocco does. 1010 # 1011 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 1012 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 1013 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 1014 1015 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún 1016 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 1017 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1018 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1019 1020 # Mozambique 1021 # 1022 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 1023 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 1024 # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 1025 # merely made it official? 1026 # 1027 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1028 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 1029 2:00 - CAT 1030 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 1031 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 1032 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 1033 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 1034 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 1035 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 1036 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 1037 1038 1039 # Namibia 1040 1041 # From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 1042 # The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 1043 # www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 1044 # and includes this nugget: 1045 # Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 1046 # first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 1047 # commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 1048 # Sunday 4 September 1994. 1049 1050 # From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): 1051 # ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" 1052 # (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... 1053 1054 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 1055 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 1056 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1057 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1058 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1059 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1060 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1061 # of the country. 1062 # 1063 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 1064 # Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 1065 # observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 1066 # In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1067 # See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 1068 # https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 1069 1070 # From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 1071 # Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 1072 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1073 # This video is from the government decision: 1074 # https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 1075 # We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 1076 # the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 1077 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 1078 1079 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 1080 # Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. 1081 # However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: 1082 # http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 1083 # https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia 1084 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1085 # Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible 1086 # with Namibia's neighbors. 1087 1088 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1089 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1090 Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT 1091 Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT 1092 Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT 1093 # Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST. 1094 #Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT 1095 #Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT 1096 #Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT 1097 # End of rearguard section. 1098 1099 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1100 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1101 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 1102 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1103 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1104 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1105 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1106 2:00 Namibia %s 1107 # Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST. 1108 # 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1109 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): 1110 # The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: 1111 # http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf 1112 # 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 1113 # 2:00 - CAT 1114 # End of rearguard section. 1115 1116 # Niger 1117 # See Africa/Lagos. 1118 1119 # Nigeria 1120 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1121 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1122 1:00 - WAT 1123 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 1124 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 1125 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 1126 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 1127 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 1128 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 1129 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 1130 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 1131 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 1132 1133 # Réunion 1134 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1135 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1136 4:00 - +04 1137 # 1138 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1139 # 1140 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. 1141 # The following information about them is taken from 1142 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1143 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1144 # We have no info about their time zone histories. 1145 # 1146 # Bassas da India - uninhabited 1147 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1148 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1149 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1150 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1151 1152 # Rwanda 1153 # See Africa/Maputo. 1154 1155 # St Helena 1156 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1157 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1158 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1159 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1160 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1161 # on GMT, says the CIA 1162 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1163 1164 # São Tomé and Príncipe 1165 1166 # See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1167 1168 # From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1169 # Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1170 # they entered the year 2018. 1171 # From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1172 # the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1173 # http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1174 1175 # From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29): 1176 # São Tomé and Príncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019: 1177 # https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/ 1178 # 1179 # From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30): 1180 # https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818 1181 # ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal 1182 # coordinated time, will be restituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.] 1183 1184 Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1185 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1186 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1187 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00 1188 0:00 - GMT 1189 1190 # Senegal 1191 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1192 1193 # Seychelles 1194 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1195 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1196 4:00 - +04 1197 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1198 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1199 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1200 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1201 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1202 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1203 1204 # Sierra Leone 1205 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1206 1207 # Somalia 1208 # See Africa/Nairobi. 1209 1210 # South Africa 1211 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1212 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1213 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1214 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1215 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1216 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1217 2:00 SA SAST 1218 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1219 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Eswatini 1220 # 1221 # Marion and Prince Edward Is 1222 # scientific station since 1947 1223 # no information 1224 1225 # Sudan 1226 1227 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1228 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1229 # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1230 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1231 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1232 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1233 1234 # From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1235 # ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1236 # to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1237 # 1238 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1239 # A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1240 # year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1241 # Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1242 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1243 1244 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1245 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1246 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1247 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1248 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1249 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1250 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1251 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1252 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1253 2:00 - CAT 1254 1255 # South Sudan 1256 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1257 Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1258 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1259 3:00 - EAT 1260 1261 # Tanzania 1262 # See Africa/Nairobi. 1263 1264 # Togo 1265 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1266 1267 # Tunisia 1268 1269 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1270 # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1271 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1272 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1273 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1274 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1275 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1276 # Saturday." (My translation) 1277 # 1278 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1279 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1280 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1281 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1282 # 1h standard time. 1283 # 1284 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1285 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1286 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1287 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1288 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1289 1290 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1291 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1292 # (Arabic) 1293 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1294 # https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1295 # 1296 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1297 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1298 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1299 1300 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1301 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1302 # 1303 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1304 # 1305 # (in English) 1306 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1307 # 1308 # (in Arabic) 1309 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1310 1311 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1312 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1313 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1314 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1315 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1316 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1317 1318 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1319 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1320 # 1321 # (translation): 1322 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1323 # Sunday... 1324 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1325 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1326 # 1327 # (in Arabic) 1328 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1329 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1330 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1331 1332 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1333 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1334 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1335 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1336 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1337 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1338 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1339 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1340 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1341 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1342 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1343 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1344 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1345 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1346 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1347 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1348 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1349 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1350 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1351 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1352 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1353 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1354 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1355 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1356 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1357 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1358 1359 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1360 # more precise 0:09:21. 1361 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1362 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1363 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1364 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1365 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1366 1367 # Uganda 1368 # See Africa/Nairobi. 1369 1370 # Zambia 1371 # Zimbabwe 1372 # See Africa/Maputo.