--- old/test/jdk/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/asia 2019-07-24 15:18:30.000000000 -0700
+++ /dev/null 2019-07-24 15:18:30.000000000 -0700
@@ -1,3657 +0,0 @@
-#
-# DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
-#
-# This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-# under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
-# published by the Free Software Foundation.
-#
-# This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
-# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
-# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
-# version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
-# accompanied this code).
-#
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
-# 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
-# Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
-#
-# Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
-# or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
-# questions.
-#
-# tzdb data for Asia and environs
-
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
-# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
-# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19):
-#
-# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
-# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
-# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
-#
-# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
-# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
-# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
-# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
-# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
-#
-# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
-# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
-# I found in the UCLA library.
-#
-# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
-# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
-#
-# For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
-# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
-# (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
-#
-# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
-#
-# The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables
-# (corrections are welcome):
-# std dst
-# LMT Local Mean Time
-# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
-# 2:00 IST IDT Israel
-# 5:30 IST India
-# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
-# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
-# 8:00 CST China
-# 8:00 PST PDT* Philippine Standard Time
-# 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830
-# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
-# 9:00 JST JDT Japan
-# 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
-# 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
-# *I invented the abbreviation PDT; see "Philippines" below.
-# Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03
-# and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier
-# editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every
-# offset, this did not reflect common practice.
-#
-# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
-
-# From Guy Harris:
-# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
-# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
-# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
-# Worldwide Edition).
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
-Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
-Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
-Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-
-# Afghanistan
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
- 4:00 - +04 1945
- 4:30 - +0430
-
-# Armenia
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
-# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
-# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
-# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
-# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
-# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
-# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
-# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
-# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
-# follow Russia's "old" rules.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
-# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
-# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
-#
-# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
-# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
-# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
-# or
-# (brief)
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule Armenia 2011 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
- 4:00 - +04 1997
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2011
- 4:00 Armenia +04/+05
-
-# Azerbaijan
-
-# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
-# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
-# http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
-# ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
-# daylight saving time....
-# https://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
-# http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
-# http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 -
-Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
- 4:00 - +04 1996
- 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997
- 4:00 Azer +04/+05
-
-# Bahrain
-# See Asia/Qatar.
-
-# Bangladesh
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
-# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
-# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
-#
-# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
-# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
-#
-# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
-# June
-# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
-# crippling power crisis. "
-#
-# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
-# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
-# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
-# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
-#
-# Some sources:
-# https://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
-# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
-#
-# Our wrap-up:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
-
-# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
-# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
-# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
-# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
-#
-# No DST end date has been announced yet.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
-# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
-# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
-#
-# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
-# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
-# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
-# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
-# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
-# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
-# "continue for an indefinite period."
-#
-# One of many places where it is published:
-# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
-# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
-# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
-#
-# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
-# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
-#
-# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
-# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
-# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
-# Minister's Office last night..."
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
-# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
-# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
-# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 -
-Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 -
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
- 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
- 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15
- 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep
- 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30
- 6:00 - +06 2009
- 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07
-
-# Bhutan
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
- 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct
- 6:00 - +06
-
-# British Indian Ocean Territory
-# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
-# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
-# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
-# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
-# then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
- 5:00 - +05 1996
- 6:00 - +06
-
-# Brunei
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
- 7:30 - +0730 1933
- 8:00 - +08
-
-# Burma / Myanmar
-
-# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
-# Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is
-# used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead
-# of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630,
-# a transition for which Shanks is the only source.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
- 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time
- 6:30 - +0630 1942 May
- 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3
- 6:30 - +0630
-
-# Cambodia
-# See Asia/Bangkok.
-
-
-# China
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-10-02):
-# The following comes from Table 1 of:
-# Li Yu. Research on the daylight saving movement in 1940s Shanghai.
-# Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences. 2014;(2):144-50.
-# http://oversea.cnki.net/kns55/detail.aspx?dbname=CJFD2014&filename=NJSH201402020
-# The table lists dates only; I am guessing 00:00 and 24:00 transition times.
-# Also, the table lists the planned end of DST in 1949, but the corresponding
-# zone line cuts this off on May 28, when the Communists took power.
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Shang 1940 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S
-Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Shang 1941 only - Nov 1 24:00 0 S
-Rule Shang 1942 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Shang 1945 only - Sep 1 24:00 0 S
-Rule Shang 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Shang 1946 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S
-Rule Shang 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Shang 1947 only - Oct 31 24:00 0 S
-Rule Shang 1948 1949 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Shang 1948 1949 - Sep 30 24:00 0 S #plan
-
-# From Guy Harris:
-# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
-
-# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
-# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
-# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
-# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
-# has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
-# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
-#
-# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
-# painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
-# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
-#
-# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
-# 1987 mid-April - ??
-
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
-# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
-# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
-# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
-# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
-# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
-
-# From P Chan (2018-05-07):
-# The start and end time of DST in China [from 1986 on] should be 2:00
-# (i.e. 2:00 to 3:00 at the start and 2:00 to 1:00 at the end)....
-# Government notices about summer time:
-#
-# 1986-04-12 http://www.zj.gov.cn/attach/zfgb/198608.pdf p.21-22
-# (To establish summer time from 1986. On 4 May, set the clocks ahead one hour
-# at 2 am. On 14 September, set the clocks backward one hour at 2 am.)
-#
-# 1987-02-15 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198703.pdf p.114
-# (Summer time in 1987 to start from 12 April until 13 September)
-#
-# 1987-09-09 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198721.pdf p.709
-# (From 1988, summer time to start from 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-April
-# until 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-September)
-#
-# 1992-03-03 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1992/gwyb199205.pdf p.152
-# (To suspend summer time from 1992)
-#
-# The first page of People's Daily on 12 April 1988 stating that summer time
-# to begin on 17 April.
-# http://data.people.com.cn/pic/101p/1988/04/1988041201.jpg
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 2:00 0 S
-Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D
-
-# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
-# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
-# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
-# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
-#
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
-# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
-# https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
-# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
-# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
-# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
-# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
-# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
-# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
-# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05):
-# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
-#
-# (1)
-# Guo Qing-sheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
-# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
-# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
-# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料). 2003;24(1):5-9.
-# http://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ZGKS200301000&dbname=CJFD2003
-# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
-# officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
-# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
-# been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
-# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
-# to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
-# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
-# could well have ignored any such mandate.
-#
-# (2)
-# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
-# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
-# [undated and unknown publication location]
-# It says several things:
-# * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
-# * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
-# the official calendar book of 1914.
-# * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
-# French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
-# Observatory and set to local mean time.
-# * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
-# * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
-# eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
-# became used by railways as well.
-# * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
-# five time zones (see below for details). This caught on
-# at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
-# * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice
-# this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
-# Japanese-occupied territory.
-# * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
-# * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
-# place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
-# how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
-# * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
-#
-# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
-# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
-# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
-# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
-# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
-#
-# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
-# this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
-# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
-# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
-# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
-# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
-#
-# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
-# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
-# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
-#
-# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
-# Now part of Asia/Shanghai.
-# most of China
-# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
-# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
-#
-# Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07
-# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
-# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
-# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong
-# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
-# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
-#
-# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
-# This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with
-# current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that
-# disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here.
-# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
-# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
-# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
-# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
-# east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
-# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
-# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
-# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
-#
-# Kunlun Time UT +05:30
-# This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above).
-# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
-# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
-# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
-# and Yarkand.
-
-# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
-# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
-# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
-# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
-# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
-# they implicitly use Beijing time.
-#
-# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
-# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
-# hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
-# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
-# local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
-# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
-# "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
-# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
-#
-# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
-# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
-# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
-#
-# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
-# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
-# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
-# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
-# others moving their clocks ahead.)
-
-# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
-# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
-# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
-#
-# 1. Wulumuqi...
-# 2. Kashi...
-# 3. Urumqi...
-# 4. Kashgar...
-# ...
-# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
-# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
-# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
-#
-# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
-# start date for Xinjiang time.
-#
-# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
-# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
-# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
-# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
-
-# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
-# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
-# https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
-
-# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
-# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
-# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
-# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
-# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
-# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
-# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
-# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
-# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
-# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
-# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
-# having the same time as Beijing.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
-# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
-# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
-# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
-# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
-# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
-#
-# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
-# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
-# (2014-04-22).
-# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
-# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
-# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
-# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
-# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
-# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
-# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
-# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
-# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before
-# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
-# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
-# +08 mandate back then.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
-Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
- 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28
- 8:00 PRC C%sT
-# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
-# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
-Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
- 6:00 - +06
-
-
-# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
-
-# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
-
-# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
-# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
-# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
-# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
-# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
-# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
-# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
-# obtained from
-# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
-
-# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
-# According to Singaporean newspaper
-# http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepresswk19041102-1.2.37
-# the day that Hong Kong start using GMT+8 should be Oct 30, 1904.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17):
-# Hong Kong had a time ball near the Marine Police Station, Tsim Sha Tsui.
-# "The ball was raised manually each day and dropped at exactly 1pm
-# (except on Sundays and Government holidays)."
-# Dyson AD. From Time Ball to Atomic Clock. Hong Kong Government. 1983.
-#
-# "From 1904 October 30 the time-ball at Hong Kong has been dropped by order
-# of the Governor of the Colony at 17h 0m 0s G.M.T., which is 23m 18s.14 in
-# advance of 1h 0m 0s of Hong Kong mean time."
-# Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc.
-# 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382
-#
-# From Joseph Myers (2018-11-18):
-# An astronomer before 1925 referring to GMT would have been using the old
-# astronomical convention where the day started at noon, not midnight.
-#
-# From Steve Allen (2018-11-17):
-# Meteorological Observations made at the Hongkong Observatory in the year 1904
-# page 4
-# ... the log of drop times in Table II shows that on Sunday 1904-10-30 the
-# ball was dropped. So that looks like a special case drop for the sake
-# of broadcasting the new local time.
-#
-# From Phake Nick (2018-11-18):
-# According to The Hong Kong Weekly Press, 1904-10-29, p.324, the
-# governor of Hong Kong at the time stated that "We are further desired to
-# make it known that the change will be effected by firing the gun and by the
-# dropping of the Ball at 23min. 18sec. before one."
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
-# See for this; unfortunately Flash is required.
-
-# From Phake Nick (2018-10-26):
-# I went to check microfilm records stored at Hong Kong Public Library....
-# on September 30 1941, according to Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong edition), it was
-# stated that fallback would occur on the next day (the 1st)'s "03:00 am (Hong
-# Kong Time 04:00 am)" and the clock will fall back for a half hour. (03:00
-# probably refer to the time commonly used in mainland China at the time given
-# the paper's background) ... the sunrise/sunset time given by South China
-# Morning Post for October 1st was indeed moved by half an hour compares to
-# before. After that, in December, the battle to capture Hong Kong started and
-# the library doesn't seems to have any record stored about press during that
-# period of time. Some media resumed publication soon after that within the
-# same month, but there were not much information about time there. Later they
-# started including a radio program guide when they restored radio service,
-# explicitly mentioning it use Tokyo standard time, and later added a note
-# saying it's half an hour ahead of the old Hong Kong standard time, and it
-# also seems to indicate that Hong Kong was not using GMT+8 when it was
-# captured by Japan.
-#
-# Image of related sections on newspaper:
-# * 1941-09-30, Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong), "Winter Time start tomorrow".
-# https://i.imgur.com/6waY51Z.jpg (Chinese)
-# * 1941-09-29, South China Morning Post, Information on sunrise/sunset
-# time and other things for September 30 and October 1.
-# https://i.imgur.com/kCiUR78.jpg
-# * 1942-02-05. The Hong Kong News, Radio Program Guide.
-# https://i.imgur.com/eVvDMzS.jpg
-# * 1941-06-14. Hong Kong Daily Press, Daylight Saving from 3am Tomorrow.
-# https://i.imgur.com/05KkvtC.png
-# * 1941-09-30, Hong Kong Daily Press, Winter Time Warning.
-# https://i.imgur.com/dge4kFJ.png
-# Also, the Liberation day of Hong Kong after WWII which British rule
-# over the territory resumed was August 30, 1945, which I think should
-# be the termination date for the use of JST in the territory....
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17):
-# Here are the dates given at
-# https://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
-# as of 2014-06-19:
-# Year Period
-# 1941 15 Jun to 30 Sep
-# 1942 Whole year
-# 1943 Whole year
-# 1944 Whole year
-# 1945 Whole year
-# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
-# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
-# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
-# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
-# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
-# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
-# 1952 6 Apr to 2 Nov
-# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
-# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
-# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
-# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
-# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
-# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
-# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
-# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
-# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
-# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
-# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
-# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
-# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
-# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
-# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
-# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
-# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
-# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
-# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
-# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
-# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
-# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
-# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
-# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
-# 1977 Nil
-# 1978 Nil
-# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
-# 1980 to Now Nil
-# The page does not give times of day for transitions,
-# or dates for the 1942 and 1945 transitions.
-# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began 1941-12-25.
-# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-16; see:
-# Heaver S. The days after the Pacific war ended: unsettling times
-# in Hong Kong. Post Magazine. 2016-06-13.
-# https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/1852990/days-after-pacific-war-ended-unsettling-times-hong-kong
-# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the
-# transition times.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1952 1953 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 0:36:42
- 8:00 - HKT 1941 Jun 15 3:30
- 8:00 1:00 HKST 1941 Oct 1 4:00
- 8:30 - HKT 1941 Dec 25
- 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 16
- 8:00 HK HK%sT
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Taiwan
-
-# From smallufo (2010-04-03):
-# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
-# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
-# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
-
-# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
-# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
-# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
-# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
-# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
-# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
-# found on Wikisource:
-# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
-# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
-# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
-# declared officially.
-#
-# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
-# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
-# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
-# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
-# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
-# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
-# (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
-# be found on Wikisource:
-# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
-#
-# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UT+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
-
-# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
-# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UT+9
-# back to UT+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document
-# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
-# zone back to Western Standard Time (UT+8) on Sep 21. And in another
-# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
-# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two
-# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And
-# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
-# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
-# that:
-#
-# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
-# the time at 135E (GMT+9)
-#
-# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
-# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
-# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
-# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
-#
-# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
-# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
-# Time.
-#
-# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
-# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
-# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
-# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
-# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
-# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
-
-# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
-# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
-# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General
-# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
-# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
-# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
-# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more
-# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
-# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
-# would be a good one.
-# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
-# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
-
-# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
-# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
-# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
-#
-# Original Bulletin:
-# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
-# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
-#
-# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
-# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
-#
-# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
-#
-# Here is a brief translation:
-#
-# The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
-# midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
-# adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
-#
-# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
-# be found from historical government announcement database.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
-# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01
-# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
-Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
- 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1
- 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00
- 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
-
-# Macau (Macao, Aomen)
-#
-# From P Chan (2018-05-10):
-# * LegisMac
-# http://legismac.safp.gov.mo/legismac/descqry/Descqry.jsf?lang=pt
-# A database for searching titles of legal documents of Macau in
-# Chinese and Portuguese. The term "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" can be used for
-# searching decrees about summer time.
-# * Archives of Macao
-# http://www.archives.gov.mo/en/bo/
-# It contains images of old official gazettes.
-# * The Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau have a page listing the
-# summer time history. But it is not complete and has some mistakes.
-# http://www.smg.gov.mo/smg/geophysics/e_t_Summer%20Time.htm
-# Macau adopted GMT+8 on 30 Oct 1904 to follow Hong Kong. Clocks were
-# advanced by 25 minutes and 50 seconds. Which means the LMT used was
-# +7:34:10. As stated in the "Portaria No. 204" dated 21 October 1904
-# and published in the Official Gazette on 29 October 1904.
-# http://igallery.icm.gov.mo/Images/Archives/BO/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10_00025_Grey.JPG
-#
-# Therefore the 1911 decree of Portugal did not change time in Macau.
-#
-# From LegisMac, here is a list of decrees that changed the time ...
-# [Decree Gazette-no. date; titles omitted in this quotation]
-# DIL 732 BOCM 51 1941.12.20
-# DIL 764 BOCM 9S 1942.04.30
-# DIL 781 BOCM 21 1942.10.10
-# PT 3434 BOCM 8S 1943.04.17
-# PT 3504 BOCM 20 1943.09.25
-# PT 3843 BOCM 39 1945.09.29
-# PT 3961 BOCM 17 1946.04.27
-# PT 4026 BOCM 39 1946.09.28
-# PT 4153 BOCM 16 1947.04.10
-# PT 4271 BOCM 48 1947.11.29
-# PT 4374 BOCM 18 1948.05.01
-# PT 4465 BOCM 44 1948.10.30
-# PT 4590 BOCM 14 1949.04.02
-# PT 4666 BOCM 44 1949.10.29
-# PT 4771 BOCM 12 1950.03.25
-# PT 4838 BOCM 43 1950.10.28
-# PT 4946 BOCM 12 1951.03.24
-# PT 5025 BO 43 1951.10.27
-# PT 5149 BO 14 1952.04.05
-# PT 5251 BO 43 1952.10.25
-# PT 5366 BO 13 1953.03.28
-# PT 5444 BO 44 1953.10.31
-# PT 5540 BO 12 1954.03.20
-# PT 5589 BO 44 1954.10.30
-# PT 5676 BO 12 1955.03.19
-# PT 5739 BO 45 1955.11.05
-# PT 5823 BO 11 1956.03.17
-# PT 5891 BO 44 1956.11.03
-# PT 5981 BO 12 1957.03.23
-# PT 6064 BO 43 1957.10.26
-# PT 6172 BO 12 1958.03.22
-# PT 6243 BO 43 1958.10.25
-# PT 6341 BO 12 1959.03.21
-# PT 6411 BO 43 1959.10.24
-# PT 6514 BO 11 1960.03.12
-# PT 6584 BO 44 1960.10.29
-# PT 6721 BO 10 1961.03.11
-# PT 6815 BO 43 1961.10.28
-# PT 6947 BO 10 1962.03.10
-# PT 7080 BO 43 1962.10.27
-# PT 7218 BO 12 1963.03.23
-# PT 7340 BO 43 1963.10.26
-# PT 7491 BO 11 1964.03.14
-# PT 7664 BO 43 1964.10.24
-# PT 7846 BO 15 1965.04.10
-# PT 7979 BO 42 1965.10.16
-# PT 8146 BO 15 1966.04.09
-# PT 8252 BO 41 1966.10.08
-# PT 8429 BO 15 1967.04.15
-# PT 8540 BO 41 1967.10.14
-# PT 8735 BO 15 1968.04.13
-# PT 8860 BO 41 1968.10.12
-# PT 9035 BO 16 1969.04.19
-# PT 9156 BO 42 1969.10.18
-# PT 9328 BO 15 1970.04.11
-# PT 9418 BO 41 1970.10.10
-# PT 9587 BO 14 1971.04.03
-# PT 9702 BO 41 1971.10.09
-# PT 38-A/72 BO 14 1972.04.01
-# PT 126-A/72 BO 41 1972.10.07
-# PT 61/73 BO 14 1973.04.07
-# PT 182/73 BO 40 1973.10.06
-# PT 282/73 BO 51 1973.12.22
-# PT 177/74 BO 41 1974.10.12
-# PT 51/75 BO 15 1975.04.12
-# PT 173/75 BO 41 1975.10.11
-# PT 67/76/M BO 14 1976.04.03
-# PT 169/76/M BO 41 1976.10.09
-# PT 78/79/M BO 19 1979.05.12
-# PT 166/79/M BO 42 1979.10.20
-# Note that DIL 732 does not belong to "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" according to
-# LegisMac.... Note that between 1942 and 1945, the time switched
-# between GMT+9 and GMT+10. Also in 1965 and 1965 the DST ended at 2:30am.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-10):
-# The 1904 decree says that Macau changed from the meridian of
-# Fortaleza do Monte, presumably the basis for the 7:34:10 for LMT.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Macau 1942 1943 - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 -
-Rule Macau 1942 only - Nov 17 23:00 0 -
-Rule Macau 1943 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 S
-Rule Macau 1946 only - Apr 30 23:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Macau 1946 only - Sep 30 23:00s 0 S
-Rule Macau 1947 only - Apr 19 23:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Macau 1947 only - Nov 30 23:00s 0 S
-Rule Macau 1948 only - May 2 23:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Macau 1948 only - Oct 31 23:00s 0 S
-Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S
-Rule Macau 1951 only - Mar 31 23:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Macau 1951 only - Oct 28 23:00s 0 S
-Rule Macau 1952 1953 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Macau 1952 only - Nov 1 23:00s 0 S
-Rule Macau 1953 1954 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S
-Rule Macau 1954 1956 - Mar Sat>=17 23:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Macau 1955 only - Nov 5 23:00s 0 S
-Rule Macau 1956 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 03:30 0 S
-Rule Macau 1957 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 03:30 1:00 D
-Rule Macau 1965 1973 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D
-Rule Macau 1965 1966 - Oct Sun>=16 02:30 0 S
-Rule Macau 1967 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S
-Rule Macau 1973 only - Dec 30 03:30 1:00 D
-Rule Macau 1975 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D
-Rule Macau 1979 only - May 13 03:30 1:00 D
-Rule Macau 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:10 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
- 8:00 - CST 1941 Dec 21 23:00
- 9:00 Macau +09/+10 1945 Sep 30 24:00
- 8:00 Macau C%sT
-
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Cyprus
-
-# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
-# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09):
-# Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's
-# lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round.
-# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/
-#
-# From Even Scharning (2016-10-31):
-# Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night.
-# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
-# Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus
-# staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus. See: Anastasiou A.
-# Cyprus to remain united in time. Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17.
-# https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
-Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
-Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
-Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
- 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
- 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
-Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
- 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
- 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8
- 3:00 - +03 2017 Oct 29 1:00u
- 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
-
-# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
-# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
-Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
-
-# Georgia
-# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
-# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
-# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
-# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
-# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
-#
-# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
-# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
-# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
-# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
-#
-# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
-#
-# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
-# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
-# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
-# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
-# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
-# of integration into Europe.
-
-# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
-# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
-# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
-# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
-# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
-# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
-# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
-# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
-# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
-
-# Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
-# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
-# Go with Byalokoz.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880
- 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
- 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992
- 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun
- 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun
- 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun
- 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27
- 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
- 4:00 - +04
-
-# East Timor
-
-# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
-
-# From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
-# East Timor may be late for its millennium
-# (1999-12-26/31):
-# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
-# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
-# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
-# conflicts with their way of life.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
-# We don't have any record of the above attempt.
-# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
-
-# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
-# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
-# (2000-08-16):
-# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
-# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
-# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
-# midnight on Saturday, September 16.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
- 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00
- 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3
- 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00
- 9:00 - +09
-
-# India
-
-# British astronomer Henry Park Hollis disliked India Standard Time's offset:
-# "A new time system has been proposed for India, Further India, and Burmah.
-# The scheme suggested is that the times of the meridians 5½ and 6½ hours
-# east of Greenwich should be adopted in these territories. No reason is
-# given why hourly meridians five hours and six hours east should not be
-# chosen; a plan which would bring the time of India into harmony with
-# that of almost the whole of the civilised world."
-# Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc.
-# 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382
-
-# From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
-# https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
-# (2015-12-22):
-# In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
-# outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of
-# local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this
-# dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
-# Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India.
-# "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic
-# measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras
-# (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time,
-# and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time:
-# 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19.
-# "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present
-# standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time. The citizen of
-# Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of
-# his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat
-# of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change
-# the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted
-# Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the
-# rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its
-# place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement.
-# Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55.
-#
-# "In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the
-# only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time,
-# first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR)....
-# Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their
-# local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and
-# Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145.
-#
-# Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8.
-# https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212
-# This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on
-# 1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530. Some
-# municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta
-# continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at
-# government offices. Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or
-# at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book). Railway time is more
-# appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do
-# elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was
-# consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata. So, use railway
-# time for 1870-1941. Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the
-# 1941-1945 data.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata
- 5:53:20 - HMT 1870 # Howrah Mean Time?
- 5:21:10 - MMT 1906 Jan 1 # Madras local time
- 5:30 - IST 1941 Oct
- 5:30 1:00 +0630 1942 May 15
- 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
- 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
- 5:30 - IST
-# Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata:
-# Andaman Is
-# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
-# Nicobar Is
-
-# Indonesia
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
-# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
-# civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
-#
-# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
-# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
-# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
-# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
-# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
-# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
-# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
-# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
-# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
-# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
-# These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
-# Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
-# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
-# from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
-# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
-# switched on 1945-09-23.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
-# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
-# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
-# when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
-# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
-# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
-# Indonesia, (2006-09-29).
-# The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
-#
-# WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
-# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
-# WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
-#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-# Java, Sumatra
-Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
-# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
-# but this must be a typo.
- 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
- 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov
- 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23
- 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
- 7:30 - +0730 1948 May
- 8:00 - +08 1950 May
- 7:30 - +0730 1964
- 7:00 - WIB
-# west and central Borneo
-Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
- 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
- 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29
- 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
- 7:30 - +0730 1948 May
- 8:00 - +08 1950 May
- 7:30 - +0730 1964
- 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1
- 7:00 - WIB
-# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
-Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
- 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
- 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9
- 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
- 8:00 - WITA
-# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
-Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
- 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1
- 9:30 - +0930 1964
- 9:00 - WIT
-
-# Iran
-
-# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
-# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
-# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
-#
-# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
-# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
-#
-# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
-#
-# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
-# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
-# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
-# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
-# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
-# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
-#
-# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
-# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
-# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
-# Shahrivar.
-#
-# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
-#
-# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
-# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
-# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
-# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
-#
-# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
-# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
-# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
-# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
-# plan to change that law....
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-30):
-# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
-# I used the following code in GNU Emacs 26.1 to generate the "Rule Iran"
-# lines from 2008 through 2087. Emacs 26.1 uses Ed Reingold's
-# cal-persia implementation of Birashk's approximation, which in the
-# 2008-2087 range disagrees with the the astronomical Persian calendar
-# for Persian years 1404 (Gregorian 2025) and 1437 (Gregorian 2058),
-# so the following code special-case those years. See Table 15.1, page 264, of:
-# Edward M. Reingold and Nachum Dershowitz, Calendrical Calculations:
-# The Ultimate Edition, Cambridge University Press (2018).
-# https://www.cambridge.org/fr/academic/subjects/computer-science/computing-general-interest/calendrical-calculations-ultimate-edition-4th-edition
-# Page 258, footnote 2, of this book says there is some dispute over what will
-# happen in 2091 (and some other years after that), so this code
-# stops in 2087, as 2088 and 2089 agree with the "max" rule below.
-# (cl-loop
-# initially (require 'cal-persia)
-# with first-persian-year = 1387
-# with last-persian-year = 1466
-# ;; Exceptional years in the above range,
-# ;; from Reingold & Dershowitz Table 15.1, page 264:
-# with exceptional-persian-years = '(1404 1437)
-# with range-start = nil
-# for persian-year from first-persian-year to last-persian-year
-# do
-# (let*
-# ((exceptional-year-offset
-# (if (member persian-year exceptional-persian-years) 1 0))
-# (beg-dst-absolute
-# (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 persian-year))
-# exceptional-year-offset))
-# (end-dst-absolute
-# (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 6 30 persian-year))
-# exceptional-year-offset))
-# (next-year-beg-dst-absolute
-# (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 (1+ persian-year)))
-# (if (member (1+ persian-year) exceptional-persian-years) 1 0)))
-# (beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute beg-dst-absolute))
-# (end-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute end-dst-absolute))
-# (next-year-beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
-# next-year-beg-dst-absolute))
-# (year (calendar-extract-year beg-dst))
-# (range-end (if range-start year "only")))
-# (setq range-start (or range-start year))
-# (when (or (/= (calendar-extract-day beg-dst)
-# (calendar-extract-day next-year-beg-dst))
-# (= persian-year last-persian-year))
-# (insert
-# (format
-# "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\t-\n"
-# range-start range-end
-# (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month beg-dst) t)
-# (calendar-extract-day beg-dst)))
-# (insert
-# (format
-# "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n"
-# range-start range-end
-# (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month end-dst) t)
-# (calendar-extract-day end-dst)))
-# (setq range-start nil))))
-#
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
-# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
-# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
-# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
-# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
-# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
-# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
-# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
-# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
-# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
-# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
-# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
-# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
-# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
-# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
-#
-# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
-# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
-# daylight saving time ...
-# https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
-#
-# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
-# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
-# Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
-# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
-# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
-# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
-# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
-# thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
-#
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 22 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 1991 only - May 2 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2038 2039 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2038 2039 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2040 2041 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2040 2041 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2042 2043 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2042 2043 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2044 2045 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2044 2045 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2046 2047 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2046 2047 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2048 2049 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2048 2049 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2050 2051 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2050 2051 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2052 2053 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2052 2053 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2054 2055 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2054 2055 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2056 2057 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2056 2057 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2058 2059 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2058 2059 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2060 2062 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2060 2062 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2063 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2063 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2064 2066 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2064 2066 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2067 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2067 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2068 2070 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2068 2070 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2071 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2071 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2072 2074 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2072 2074 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2075 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2075 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2076 2078 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2076 2078 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2079 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2079 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2080 2082 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2080 2082 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2083 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2083 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2084 2086 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2084 2086 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2087 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2087 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
-#
-# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2088.
-# These are the best post-2088 approximations available, given the
-# restrictions of a single rule using ordinary Gregorian dates.
-# At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
-# possibly Iran will change the rules first.
-Rule Iran 2088 max - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2088 max - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
- 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
- 3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov
- 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979
- 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430
-
-
-# Iraq
-#
-# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
-# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
-# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
-# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
-# are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
-#
-# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
-# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
-# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
-# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
-# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
-#
-# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
-# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
-# news sources (in Arabic):
-# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
-# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
-#
-# We have published a short article in English about the change:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
-Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 -
-# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
-# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
-#
-Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 -
-Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
- 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
- 3:00 - +03 1982 May
- 3:00 Iraq +03/+04
-
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Israel
-
-# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
-#
-# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
-# different abbreviations in use:
-#
-# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
-# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
-# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
-#
-# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
-# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
-# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
-# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
-# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
-# settings in Israeli computers.
-#
-# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
-# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
-# family is from India).
-
-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
-Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
-
-# From Alois Treindl (2019-03-06):
-# http://www.moin.gov.il/Documents/שעון קיץ/clock-50-years-7-2014.pdf
-# From Isaac Starkman (2019-03-06):
-# Summer time was in that period in 1980 and 1984, see
-# https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3951073,00.html
-# You can of course read it in translation.
-# I checked the local newspapers for that years.
-# It started on midnight and end at 01.00 am.
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-03-06):
-# Also see this thread about the moin.gov.il URL:
-# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-November/027194.html
-Rule Zion 1980 only - Aug 2 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1980 only - Sep 13 1:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1984 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1984 only - Aug 25 1:00 0 S
-
-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
-Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
-
-# From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):
-# I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
-# [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
-# ends and changes to Sunday.
-Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
-
-# From Ephraim Silverberg
-# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
-# and 2005-02-17):
-
-# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
-# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
-# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
-# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
-# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
-# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
-# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
-# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
-# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
-# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
-# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
-# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
-# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
-# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
-# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
-# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
-# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
-# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
-# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
-# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
-# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
-# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
-
-# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
-# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
-# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
-
-# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
-# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
-# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
-#
-# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
-#
-# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
-#
-# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
-#
-# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
-#
-# where YYYY is the relevant year.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
-
-# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
-# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
-# years 2001-2004 as well.
-#
-# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
-#
-# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
-#
-# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
-# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
-#
-# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
-
-# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
-# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
-# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
-# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
-# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
-#
-# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
-#
-# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26):
-# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
-# (2005-02-20)
-# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
-# to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012.
-# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
-# The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule:
-#
-# Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
-#
-# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
-# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
-# springtime transitions explicitly.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
-
-# From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27):
-# On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the
-# Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading
-# in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third
-# (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013.
-#
-# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday
-# in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880
- 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
- 2:00 Zion I%sT
-
-
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Japan
-
-# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
-# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
-# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
-# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
-
-# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
-# http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
-# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
-# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
-# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
-# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
-# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
-# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
-# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
-# wanted to keep it.)
-
-# From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19):
-# The source of information is Japanese law.
-# http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm
-# http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm
-# ... In summary, it is written as follows. From 24:00 on the first Saturday
-# in May, until 0:00 on the day after the second Saturday in September.
-
-# From Phake Nick (2018-09-27):
-# [T]he webpage authored by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
-# https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EF.html
-# ... mentioned that using Showa 23 (year 1948) as example, 13pm of September
-# 11 in summer time will equal to 0am of September 12 in standard time.
-# It cited a document issued by the Liaison Office which briefly existed
-# during the postwar period of Japan, where the detail on implementation
-# of the summer time is described in the document.
-# https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EFB2C6BBFEB9EFA4CEBCC2BBDCA4CBA4C4A4A4A4C6.pdf
-# The text in the document do instruct a fall back to occur at
-# September 11, 13pm in summer time, while ordinary citizens can
-# change the clock before they sleep.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-09-27):
-# This instruction is equivalent to "Sat>=8 25:00", so use that. zic treats
-# it like "Sun>=9 01:00", which is not quite the same but is the best we can
-# do in any POSIX or C platform. The "25:00" assumes zic from 2007 or later,
-# which should be safe now.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
-Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sun>=9 1:00 0 S
-Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
-Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
-
-# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
-# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
-# Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N.
-# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
-# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
-# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
-# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
-
-# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
-# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
-# which stands for the time on 135° E.
-# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
-# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
-# time", which stands for the time on 120° E.... But "western standard
-# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
-# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
-# standard....
-#
-# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
-# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
-
-# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
-# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
-# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
-# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
-#
-# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
-# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
-# Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
-# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
- 9:00 Japan J%sT
-# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo,
-# except that Truk (Chuuk), Ponape (Pohnpei), and Jaluit (Kosrae) did not
-# switch from +10 to +09 until 1941-04-01; see the 'australasia' file.
-
-# Jordan
-#
-# From
-# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
-# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
-# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
-# all year round.
-#
-# From
-# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
-# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
-# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
-# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
-# government's departments from six to seven hours.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
-# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
-# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
-# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
-# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
-# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
-#
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
-# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
-# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
-#
-# Google's translation:
-#
-# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
-# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
-# > of the month of March of each year.
-#
-# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
-# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
-# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
-# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
-# until about the same time next year (at least).
-# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
-# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
-# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
-# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
-# Official, in Arabic:
-# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
-# ... Our background/permalink about it
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
-# ...
-# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
-# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
-# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
-# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
- 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
-
-
-# Kazakhstan
-
-# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
-# (2005-03-21):
-# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
-# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
-# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
-#
-# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
-# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
-# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
-# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
-# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
-# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtöbe, Atyraū,
-# Mangghystaū, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
-# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
-# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
-# Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/
-# produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan:
-#
-# 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR
-# from 1991-02-04 No. 20
-# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545
-# removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR
-# starting with the last Sunday of March 1991.
-# It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR,
-# Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time.
-#
-# The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers
-# of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet
-# of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its
-# text.
-#
-# According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20
-# (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
-# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
-# transition to "summer" time:
-# Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova,
-# Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug
-# were to move clocks 1 hour forward.
-# Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik
-# SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts
-# of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards.
-# Other territories were to not move clocks.
-# When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be
-# moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding
-# Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan.
-#
-# Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170
-# was one of such changes.
-#
-# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время
-# claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that
-# Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast)
-# were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks
-# forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards.
-# (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an
-# article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not
-# move clocks.)
-#
-# This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while
-# the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06
-# to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth
-# time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ...
-#
-# 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 1992-01-13 No. 28
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_
-# (text includes modification from the 1996 act)
-# introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian
-# 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated
-# according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks
-# on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at
-# 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was
-# located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the
-# border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk
-# oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth
-# time belt).
-#
-# This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for
-# Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyraū and Qostanay oblasts; from
-# +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk)....
-#
-# 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 1992-03-27 No. 284
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_
-# cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts
-# since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth
-# and the fifth time belts respectively.
-#
-# 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 1994-09-23 No. 384
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_
-# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghystaū
-# oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on
-# the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a
-# result)....
-#
-# 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 1996-05-08 No. 575
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_
-# amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead
-# of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act.
-#
-# 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 1999-03-26 No. 305
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_
-# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyraū oblast since the
-# last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth
-# time belt.
-#
-# This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05....
-#
-# 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 2000-11-23 No. 1749
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000
-# replaces the previous five documents.
-#
-# The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the
-# fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling
-# and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997
-# probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast
-# (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast
-# from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the
-# fourth time belt (no change in practice).
-#
-# 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 2003-12-29 No. 1342
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_
-# modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently.
-#
-# 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 2004-07-20 No. 775
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004
-# modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into
-# the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not
-# using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time
-# zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented
-# during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically
-# amended before implementation happened.
-#
-# 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 2004-09-15 No. 1059
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_
-# modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time"
-# (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the
-# 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyraū, West Kazakhstan,
-# Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghystaū oblasts by not moving clocks
-# during the 2004 transition to "winter" time.
-#
-# This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no
-# zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to
-# +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently)
-# and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....
-#
-# 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 2005-03-15 No. 231
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_
-# removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the
-# (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15
-# acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication.
-# The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer
-# time.
-#
-# Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation
-# No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
-# Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
-# act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08):
-# Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay
-# oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone.
-# (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations
-# according to wikipedia.)
-#
-# [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/
-# suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on
-# 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand
-# how that could happen....
-#
-# [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree
-# (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html
-# and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in
-# the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03).
-
-# From Alexander Konzurovski (2018-12-20):
-# Qyzyolrda Region (Asia/Qyzylorda) is changing its time zone from
-# UTC+6 to UTC+5 effective December 21st, 2018. The legal document is
-# located here: http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000817 (russian language).
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-#
-# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
-# This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
-# KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
-Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
- 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
- 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
- 6:00 - +06
-# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
-Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
- 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
- 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
- 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
- 6:00 - +06 2018 Dec 21 0:00
- 5:00 - +05
-#
-# Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS)
-# The 1991/2 rules are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
-# reorganization.
-Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:28 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
- 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
- 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
- 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
- 6:00 - +06
-
-# Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
-Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
- 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
- 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
- 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
- 5:00 - +05
-# Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN)
-# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
-# so include timestamps before 1963.
-Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
- 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
- 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
- 5:00 - +05
-# Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from
-# +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994.
-Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
- 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
- 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
- 5:00 - +05
-# West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP)
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
-Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
- 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
- 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
- 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
- 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
- 5:00 - +05
-
-# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
-# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
-# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
-# http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
-# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
-# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
-# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
-# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
-# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 -
-Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 -
-Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
- 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00
- 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12
- 6:00 - +06
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Korea (North and South)
-
-# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
-# http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
-# Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
-# during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced
-# between 1987 and 1988 ...
-
-# From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
-# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
-# According to the Korean Wikipedia
-# https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
-# [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
-# DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old
-# newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
-# For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
-# started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in
-# 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
-
-# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
-# 1. According to official announcement from Korean government, the DST end
-# date in South Korea should be
-# 1955-09-08 without specifying time
-# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027977557
-# 1956-09-29 without specifying time
-# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027978341
-# 1957-09-21 24 o'clock
-# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027979690#3
-# 1958-09-20 24 o'clock
-# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027981189
-# 1959-09-19 24 o'clock
-# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027982974#2
-# 1960-09-17 24 o'clock
-# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0028044104
-# ...
-# 2.... https://namu.wiki/w/대한민국%20표준시 ... [says]
-# when Korea was using GMT+8:30 as standard time, the international
-# aviation/marine/meteorological industry in the country refused to
-# follow and continued to use GMT+9:00 for interoperability.
-
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 12 24:00 0 S
-Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sat>=7 24:00 0 S
-Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 8 24:00 0 S
-Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 29 24:00 0 S
-Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sat>=17 24:00 0 S
-Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
-# The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
-#
-# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5)
-# 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
-# (Announcement No. 338)
-# 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
-# 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
-#
-# (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30
-# edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.)
-#
-# I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
-# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
-# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
-#
-# For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
-# have no information otherwise.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
-# According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
-# the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
-# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
-# Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
-# Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
-# http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
-# There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
-# Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
-
-# From Kang Seonghoon (2018-04-29):
-# North Korea will revert its time zone from UTC+8:30 (PYT; Pyongyang
-# Time) back to UTC+9 (KST; Korea Standard Time).
-#
-# From Seo Sanghyeon (2018-04-30):
-# Rodong Sinmun 2018-04-30 announced Pyongyang Time transition plan.
-# https://www.nknews.org/kcna/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/04/rodong-2018-04-30.pdf
-# ... the transition date is 2018-05-05 ... Citation should be Decree
-# No. 2232 of April 30, 2018, of the Presidium of the Supreme People's
-# Assembly, as published in Rodong Sinmun.
-# From Tim Parenti (2018-04-29):
-# It appears to be the front page story at the top in the right-most column.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-04):
-# The BBC reported that the transition was from 23:30 to 24:00 today.
-# https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44010705
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
- 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
- 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
- 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
- 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
- 9:00 ROK K%sT
-Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
- 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
- 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
- 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00
- 8:30 - KST 2018 May 4 23:30
- 9:00 - KST
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Kuwait
-# See Asia/Riyadh.
-
-# Laos
-# See Asia/Bangkok.
-
-
-# Lebanon
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
- 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
-
-# Malaysia
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 -
-Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
-#
-# peninsular Malaysia
-# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
-# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
- 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
- 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
- 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
- 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
- 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
- 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
- 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
- 8:00 - +08
-# Sabah & Sarawak
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
-# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
-# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
- 7:30 - +0730 1933
- 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16
- 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
- 8:00 - +08
-
-# Maldives
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé
- 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time
- 5:00 - +05
-
-# Mongolia
-
-# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
-# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
-# (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
-
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
-# General Information Mongolia
-# (1999-09)
-# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
-# Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
-# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
-# eight hours."
-
-# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
-# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
-# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
-# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
-# of implementation may have been different....
-# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
-# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
-# Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
-# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
-# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
-# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
-# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
-# is good enough for our purposes.
-
-# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
-# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
-# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
-# there are three time zones.
-#
-# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
-# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
-# Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
-# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
-#
-# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
-
-# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
-# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
-# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
-# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
-# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
-# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
-# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
-# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
-# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
-# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
-# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST.
-# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
-# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
-# He also found
-# http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
-# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
-# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
-# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
-# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
-# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
-# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
-# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
-
-# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
-# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
-# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
-# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
-
-# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
-# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
-# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
-# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
-# database on this, e.g.:
-#
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
-# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
-#
-# both say GMT+08:00.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
-# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
-# schedule here:
-# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
-# (click the English flag for English)
-#
-# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
-# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
-# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
-# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
-# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
-# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
-# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
-# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
-# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
-# this is almost surely wrong.
-
-# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10):
-# It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
-# daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of
-# March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of
-# September daylight saving time ends. Source:
-# http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
-# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
-# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
-#
-# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
-# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
-# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
-# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
-# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
-# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
-
-# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09):
-# Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight
-# saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192
-
-Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
-Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
-Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 -
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
-Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
- 6:00 - +06 1978
- 7:00 Mongol +07/+08
-# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
-Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
- 7:00 - +07 1978
- 8:00 Mongol +08/+09
-# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
-# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
-Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
- 7:00 - +07 1978
- 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr
- 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31
- 8:00 Mongol +08/+09
-
-# Nepal
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
- 5:30 - +0530 1986
- 5:45 - +0545
-
-# Oman
-# See Asia/Dubai.
-
-# Pakistan
-
-# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
-# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
-# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
-# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
-# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
-# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
-# Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
-# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
-# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
-# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
-# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
-# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
-# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
-# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
-# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
-# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
-# DAWN reported on 2002-10-05
-# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
-# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
-# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
-#
-# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
-# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
-# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
-# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
-#
-# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
-# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
-
-# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
-#
-# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
-# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
-#
-# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to
-# help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at
-# 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."
-#
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
-# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
-# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
-# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
-# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
-# instead of August 31.
-#
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
-# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
-# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
-# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
-# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
-# official working."
-# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
-#
-# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
-# introduce DST from April 15, 2009
-#
-# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
-# April 08, 2009
-# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
-# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
-#
-# ....
-# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
-# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
-# conserve energy"
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
-# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
-# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
-# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
-# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
-# this regard."
-# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
-# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
-# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from
-# October 1, 2009.
-#
-# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
-# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
-# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
-# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
-# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
-# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
-# Monday."
-#
-# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
-# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
-# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
-# obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
-#
-# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
-# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
-
-# From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
-# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
-# will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
-# Steffen Thorsen wrote:
-# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
-# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
-# >
-# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
-# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
-# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
-# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
-# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
-#
-# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
-# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
-#
-# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
-# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
- 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep
- 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
- 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30
- 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26
- 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
-
-# Palestine
-
-# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
-#
-# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
-# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
-# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
-#
-# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
-# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
-# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
-# though.
-#
-# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
-# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
-# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
-# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
-# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
-# East Jerusalem.
-#
-# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
-# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
-# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
-# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
-# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
-#
-# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
-# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
-# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
-# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
-# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
-# Jordanian one).
-#
-# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
-#
-# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
-# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
-# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
-# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
-# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
-#
-# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
-# have one).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
-# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
-# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
-# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
-# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
-# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
-# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
-# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
-# to Palestine's rules.
-
-# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
-# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
-#
-# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
-# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
-# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
-# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
-# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
-# http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html
-# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
-# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
-# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
-# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
-# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
-# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
-# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
-# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
-# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
-# earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
-# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
-# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
-# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
-# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
-# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
-# the West Bank.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
-# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
-# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
-# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
-# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
-# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
-# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
-# because of the Ramadan.
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
-# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
-# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
-# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
-# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
-# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
-# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
-# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
-# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
-#
-# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
-# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
-#
-# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
-# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
-# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
-# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
-# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
-#
-# (in Arabic)
-# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
-#
-# (English translation)
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
-# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
-# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
-#
-# One news source:
-# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
-# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
-# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
-# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
-# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
-# minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
-#
-# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
-# end date, we will keep this page updated:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
-# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
-#
-# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
-# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
-#
-# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
-# (from Palestinian National Authority):
-# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
-# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
-# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
-# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
-#
-# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
-# (in Arabic)
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
-# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
-# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
-# noon though:
-#
-# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
-# (Ma'an News Agency)
-# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
-# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
-# According to several sources, including
-# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
-# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
-# Gaza and the West Bank.
-# Some more background info:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
-# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
-# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
-# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
-# Ramadan.
-#
-# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
-# Additional info:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
-# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
-# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
-# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
-# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
-# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
-# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
-# ...
-# https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
-# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
-# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
-# 00:00).
-# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
-#
-# Many sources, including:
-# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
-# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
-# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
-# Some of many sources in Arabic:
-# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
-#
-# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
-#
-# Our brief summary:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
-# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
-# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
-# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
-# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
-# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
-# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
-# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
-# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
-# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
-# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
-# official source...:
-# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03):
-# Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257
-# and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will
-# start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014
-# says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.
-
-# From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09):
-# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728
-# [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight
-# saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning,
-# 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead."
-
-# From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19):
-# [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on
-# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf
-# states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00.
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19):
-# Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
-# This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring
-# predictions.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19):
-# It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
-
-# From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16):
-# Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 by advancing the
-# clock by 60 minutes as per Palestinian cabinet decision published on
-# the official website, though the decree did not specify the exact
-# time of the time shift.
-# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817
-
-# From Even Scharning (2019-03-23):
-# DST in Palestine will start on 30 March this year, not 23 March as the time
-# zone database predicted.
-# https://ramallah.news/post/123610
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2019-03-23):
-# Combining this with the rules observed since 2016, adjust our spring
-# transition guess to Mar Sat>=24.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
-Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
-
-Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar Sat>=24 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 -
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
- 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15
- 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
- 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
- 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
- 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
- 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
- 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
- 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
- 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
- 2:00 - EET 2012
- 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
-
-Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
- 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15
- 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
- 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
- 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
- 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
-
-# Paracel Is
-# no information
-
-# Philippines
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
-# The Spanish initially used American (west-of-Greenwich) time.
-# It is unknown what time Manila kept when the British occupied it from
-# 1762-10-06 through 1764-04; for now assume it kept American time.
-# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
-# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
-# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
-# History of the International Date Line
-# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
-# The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
-# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
-# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
-# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
-# but no details]
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
-# The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
-# March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed
-# during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
-# Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
-# Philippine Star 2014-08-05
-# http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
-
-# From Paul Goyette (2018-06-15):
-# In the Philippines, there is a national law, Republic Act No. 10535
-# which declares the official time here as "Philippine Standard Time".
-# The act [1] even specifies use of PST as the abbreviation, although
-# the FAQ provided by PAGASA [2] uses the "acronym PhST to distinguish
-# it from the Pacific Standard Time (PST)."
-# [1] http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10535/
-# [2] https://www1.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/astronomy/philippine-standard-time#republic-act-10535
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19):
-# I surveyed recent news reports, and my impression is that "PST" is
-# more popular among reliable English-language news sources. This is
-# not just a measure of Google hit counts: it's also the sizes and
-# influence of the sources. There is no current abbreviation for DST,
-# so use "PDT", the usual American style.
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
- 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
- 8:00 Phil P%sT 1942 May
- 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
- 8:00 Phil P%sT
-
-# Qatar
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
- 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun
- 3:00 - +03
-Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
-
-# Saudi Arabia
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-08-29):
-# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
-# standardized until 1968 or so; we don't know exactly when, and possibly it
-# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
-# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
-# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
-# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
-# o'clock for "Arab" time).
-#
-# Timekeeping differed depending on who you were and which part of Saudi
-# Arabia you were in. In 1969, Elias Antar wrote that although a common
-# practice had been to set one's watch to 12:00 (i.e., midnight) at sunset -
-# which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from
-# the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm
-# instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they
-# used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line
-# Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western.
-# (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.) Antar writes,
-# "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power
-# station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he
-# assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he
-# shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is
-# going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did." See:
-# Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3.
-# http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm
-# Also see: Antar EN. Arabian flying is confusing.
-# Port Angeles (WA) Evening News. 1965-03-10. page 3.
-#
-# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
-# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
-# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
-# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
-# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
-# earlier date.
-#
-# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
-# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
-# the country. Presumably this is documenting airline time. Ignore this,
-# as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
-#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
- 3:00 - +03
-Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
-Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
-
-# Singapore
-# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
-# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
- 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
- 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
- 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
- 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
- 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
- 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
- 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
- 8:00 - +08
-
-# Spratly Is
-# no information
-
-# Sri Lanka
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
-# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
-# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
-# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
-# Shanks and Pottenger.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
-# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
-# (, 1996-05-24,
-# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
-# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
-# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
-#
-# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
-# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
-# (1996-10-26):
-# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
-# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
-# (2006-04-13):
-# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
-# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
-
-# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
-# http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML
-# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
-# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
-# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
-# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
-# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
-
-# From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19):
-# According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units,
-# Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka
-# standard time is SLST.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18):
-# "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time
-# zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of
-# it in the International Business Times of India in February and
-# March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing
-# since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in
-# other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is
-# even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can
-# switch to "SLST" if it catches on.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
- 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
- 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5
- 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep
- 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00
- 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00
- 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30
- 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30
- 5:30 - +0530
-
-# Syria
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
-# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
-# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
-# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
-# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
-# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
-# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
-Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
-# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
-# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
-# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
-Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
-# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
-# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
-Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
-# From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
-# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
-# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
-# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
-# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
-# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
-# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
-# Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
-#
-# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
-# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
-#
-# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
-# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
-#
-# which using Google's translate tools says:
-# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
-# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
-# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
-Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
-
-# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
-# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
-# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so....
-# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
-# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
-# Variation
-# Syrian Arab
-# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
-# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
-# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
-# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
-# Agency (SANA)...
-# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
-# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
-# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
-# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
-# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
-# shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
-# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
-# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
-# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
-# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
-# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
-# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
-#
-# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
-# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
-# clocks back 60 minutes).
-#
-# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
-# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
-# two examples:
-#
-# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
-# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
-# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
-# (Arabic, gov-site)
-#
-# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
-#
-# Our summary
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
-# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
-# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
-# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
-# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
-# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
-# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
-# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
-# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
-# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
-# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
-# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
-# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
-# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
-#
-# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
-# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
-#
-# Our brief summary:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
-# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
-
-Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
- 2:00 Syria EE%sT
-
-# Tajikistan
-# From Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
- 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
- 5:00 - +05
-
-# Thailand
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
- 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
- 7:00 - +07
-Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia
-Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos
-
-# Turkmenistan
-# From Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
- 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00
- 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00
- 5:00 - +05
-
-# United Arab Emirates
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
- 4:00 - +04
-Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman
-
-# Uzbekistan
-# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
- 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
- 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
- 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
- 5:00 - +05
-# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
-Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
- 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00
- 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
- 5:00 - +05
-
-# Vietnam
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
-# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
-# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
-# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
-# and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
-# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
-# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
-# Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
-# (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
-# is quoted verbatim in:
-# http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
-# is translated by Brian Inglis in:
-# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
-# and is the basis for the information below.
-#
-# The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
-# Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104° 17' 17" east of Paris.
-# It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
-# the Paris Meridian (2° 20' 14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
-# and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30,
-# which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
-# is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
-#
-# The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954)
-# and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
-# To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
-# To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
-# To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
-# To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
-# To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
-# To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
-# To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
-# To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
-#
-# Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
-#
-# Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
-# No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
-#
-# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
-# NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
-#
-# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
-# NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
- 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT
- 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
- 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
- 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
- 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1
- 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1
- 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00
- 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13
- 7:00 - +07
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-02-19):
-#
-# The Ho Chi Minh entry suffices for most purposes as it agrees with all of
-# Vietnam since 1975-06-13. Presumably clocks often changed in south Vietnam
-# in the early 1970s as locations changed hands during the war; however the
-# details are unknown and would likely be too voluminous for this database.
-#
-# For timestamps in north Vietnam back to 1970 (the tzdb cutoff),
-# use Asia/Bangkok; see the VN entries in the file zone1970.tab.
-# For timestamps before 1970, see Asia/Hanoi in the file 'backzone'.
-
-
-# Yemen
-# See Asia/Riyadh.