1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. 7 # 8 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 9 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 10 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 11 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 12 # accompanied this code). 13 # 14 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 15 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 16 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 17 # 18 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 19 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 20 # questions. 21 # 22 # tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific 23 24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 26 27 # This file also includes Pacific islands. 28 29 # Notes are at the end of this file 30 31 ############################################################################### 32 33 # Australia 34 35 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 36 37 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 38 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 39 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 40 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 41 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 42 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 43 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 44 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 45 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 46 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 47 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 48 49 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 50 # Northern Territory 51 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 52 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 53 9:30 Aus AC%sT 54 # Western Australia 55 # 56 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 57 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 58 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 59 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 60 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 61 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 62 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 63 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 64 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 65 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 66 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 67 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 68 8:00 AW AW%sT 69 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 70 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul 71 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 72 73 # Queensland 74 # 75 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 76 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 77 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 78 # Queensland ceased to. 79 # 80 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 81 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 82 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 83 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 84 # so use Lindeman. 85 # 86 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 87 # There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 88 # islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 89 # north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 90 # Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 91 # applies to all of the Whitsundays. 92 # http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 93 # 94 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 95 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 96 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 97 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 98 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 99 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 100 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 101 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 102 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 103 10:00 AQ AE%sT 104 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 105 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 106 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 107 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 108 109 # South Australia 110 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 111 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 112 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 113 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 114 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 115 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 116 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 117 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 118 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 119 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 120 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 121 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 122 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 123 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 124 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 125 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 126 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 127 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 128 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 129 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 130 9:30 AS AC%sT 131 132 # Tasmania 133 # 134 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 135 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 136 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 137 # 138 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 139 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 140 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 141 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 142 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 143 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 144 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 145 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 146 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 147 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 148 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 149 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 150 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 151 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 152 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 153 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 154 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 155 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 156 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 157 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 158 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 159 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 160 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 161 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 162 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 163 10:00 AT AE%sT 164 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 165 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 166 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 167 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 168 10:00 AT AE%sT 169 170 # Victoria 171 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 172 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 173 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 174 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 176 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 177 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 178 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 179 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 180 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 181 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 182 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 183 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 184 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 185 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 186 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 187 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 188 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 189 10:00 AV AE%sT 190 191 # New South Wales 192 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 193 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 194 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 195 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 196 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 197 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 198 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 199 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 200 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 201 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 202 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 203 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 204 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 205 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 206 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 207 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 208 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 209 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 210 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 211 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 212 10:00 AN AE%sT 213 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 214 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 215 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 216 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 217 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 218 9:30 AS AC%sT 219 220 # Lord Howe Island 221 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 222 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 223 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 224 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 225 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 226 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 227 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 228 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 229 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 230 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 231 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 232 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 233 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 234 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 235 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 236 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 237 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 238 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul 239 10:30 LH +1030/+11 240 241 # Australian miscellany 242 # 243 # Ashmore Is, Cartier 244 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 245 # no times are set 246 # 247 # Coral Sea Is 248 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 249 # no times are set 250 # 251 # Macquarie 252 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 253 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 254 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 255 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 256 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 257 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 258 # 259 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 260 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 261 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 262 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 263 # on 4 April. 264 # 265 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 266 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 267 # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 268 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 269 # pre-2013 versions of localtime. 270 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 271 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 272 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 273 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 274 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 275 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 276 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 277 11:00 - +11 278 279 # Christmas 280 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 281 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 282 7:00 - +07 283 284 # Cocos (Keeling) Is 285 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 286 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 287 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 288 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 289 6:30 - +0630 290 291 292 # Fiji 293 294 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 295 296 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 297 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 298 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 299 # 300 # "Daylight savings to commence this month" 301 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 302 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 303 304 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 305 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 306 # amendments: 307 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 308 309 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 310 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 311 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 312 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 313 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 314 # 315 # Official source: 316 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 317 # 318 # A bit more background info here: 319 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 320 321 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 322 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 323 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 324 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 325 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 326 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 327 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 328 329 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 330 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 331 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 332 # 333 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 334 # which says 335 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 336 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 337 # 2am on February 26 next year. 338 339 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 340 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 341 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 342 # 343 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 344 # states: 345 # 346 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 347 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 348 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 349 # on the 23rd of October, 2011. 350 351 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 352 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 353 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 354 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 355 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 356 357 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 358 # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 359 # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 360 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 361 362 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 363 # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 364 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 365 366 # From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 367 # DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 368 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 369 370 # From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 371 # in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 372 # via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 373 # the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 374 # commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 375 # 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 376 377 # From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): 378 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx 379 # "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when 380 # clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will 381 # end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." 382 383 # From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21): 384 # Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing 385 # Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27), 386 # [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate. 387 388 # From Raymond Kumar (2018-07-13): 389 # http://www.fijitimes.com/government-approves-2018-daylight-saving/ 390 # ... The daylight saving period will end at 3am on Sunday January 13, 2019. 391 # 392 # From Paul Eggert (2018-07-15): 393 # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 03:00 394 # the first Sunday on or after January 13. January transitions reportedly 395 # depend on when school terms start. Although the guess is ad hoc, it matches 396 # transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future 397 # practice than guessing no DST. 398 399 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 400 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 401 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 402 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 - 403 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 404 Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 - 405 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 406 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 407 Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 408 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 409 Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=13 3:00 0 - 410 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 411 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 412 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 413 414 # French Polynesia 415 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 416 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 417 -9:00 - -09 418 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 419 -9:30 - -0930 420 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 421 -10:00 - -10 422 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 423 # it is uninhabited. 424 425 # Guam 426 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 427 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 428 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 429 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 430 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 431 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 432 433 # Kiribati 434 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 435 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 436 12:00 - +12 437 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 438 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct 439 -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31 440 13:00 - +13 441 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 442 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct 443 -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31 444 14:00 - +14 445 446 # N Mariana Is 447 # See Pacific/Guam. 448 449 # Marshall Is 450 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 451 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 452 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 453 12:00 - +12 454 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 455 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 456 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 457 12:00 - +12 458 459 # Micronesia 460 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 461 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 462 10:00 - +10 463 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 464 11:00 - +11 465 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 466 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 467 12:00 - +12 1999 468 11:00 - +11 469 470 # Nauru 471 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 472 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 473 11:30 - +1130 1942 Mar 15 474 9:00 - +09 1944 Aug 15 475 11:30 - +1130 1979 May 476 12:00 - +12 477 478 # New Caledonia 479 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 480 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - 481 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 482 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 - 483 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 484 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 485 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 486 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 487 11:00 NC +11/+12 488 489 490 ############################################################################### 491 492 # New Zealand 493 494 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 495 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 496 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 497 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 498 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 499 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 500 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 501 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 502 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a 503 # there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this 504 # transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change 505 # time to percolate out. 506 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 507 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 508 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 509 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 - 510 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 511 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 512 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 513 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 514 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 515 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 - 516 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 517 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 518 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 519 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 - 520 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 521 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 522 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 523 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 524 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 525 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 526 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 527 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 528 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 529 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 530 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 531 532 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 533 534 # Auckland Is 535 # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 536 # and scientific personnel have wintered 537 538 # Campbell I 539 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 540 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; 541 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 542 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland 543 544 # Cook Is 545 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 546 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 547 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 - 548 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 549 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 - 550 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 551 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 552 -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 553 -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 554 555 ############################################################################### 556 557 558 # Niue 559 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 560 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 561 -11:20 - -1120 1951 562 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1 563 -11:00 - -11 564 565 # Norfolk 566 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 567 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 568 11:12 - +1112 1951 569 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00 570 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00 571 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00 572 11:00 - +11 573 574 # Palau (Belau) 575 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 576 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 577 9:00 - +09 578 579 # Papua New Guinea 580 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 581 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 582 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 583 10:00 - +10 584 # 585 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 586 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 587 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 588 # 589 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 590 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 591 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 592 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 593 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 594 # https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 595 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 596 # 597 # The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 598 # on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". 599 # See: 600 # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 601 # 602 Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 603 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 604 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul 605 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 606 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 607 11:00 - +11 608 609 # Pitcairn 610 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 611 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 612 -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 613 -8:00 - -08 614 615 # American Samoa 616 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 617 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 618 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 619 Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 620 621 # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 622 623 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 624 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 625 # the following info: 626 # 627 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 628 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 629 # Sunday of April 2011." 630 # 631 # Background info: 632 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 633 # 634 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 635 # contain any dates: 636 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 637 638 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 639 # Please see 640 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws 641 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 642 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 643 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 644 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 645 646 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 647 # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 648 # 649 # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 650 # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 651 # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 652 # (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 653 654 # From David Zülke (2011-05-09): 655 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 656 # 657 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 658 659 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 660 # The International Date Line Act 2011 661 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 662 # changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 663 # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 664 # accordingly. 665 666 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 667 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 668 # 669 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 670 # 671 # DST 672 # Year End Time Start Time 673 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 674 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 675 # 676 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 677 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 678 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 679 # 680 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 681 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 682 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 683 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 684 # 685 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 686 # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 687 # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 688 689 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 690 Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 - 691 Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 - 692 Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 - 693 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 694 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 - 695 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 696 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 697 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 698 -11:30 - -1130 1950 699 -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 700 13:00 WS +13/+14 701 702 # Solomon Is 703 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 704 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 705 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 706 11:00 - +11 707 708 # Tokelau 709 # 710 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 711 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 712 # December 31 this year ... 713 # 714 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 715 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 716 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 717 # Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 718 # actually was to UT-11 back then. 719 # 720 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 721 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 722 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 723 # <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 724 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 725 # are off by an hour starting in 1901. 726 727 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 728 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 729 -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 730 13:00 - +13 731 732 # Tonga 733 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 734 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 - 735 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 736 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 737 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 738 Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 739 Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 740 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 741 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 742 12:20 - +1220 1941 743 13:00 - +13 1999 744 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 745 746 # Tuvalu 747 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 748 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 749 12:00 - +12 750 751 752 # US minor outlying islands 753 754 # Howland, Baker 755 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 756 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 757 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 758 # uninhabited thereafter. 759 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 760 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 761 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 762 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 763 # until they were abandoned after the war. 764 765 # Jarvis 766 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 767 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 768 # uninhabited thereafter. 769 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 770 771 # Johnston 772 # 773 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 774 # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 775 # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 776 # treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, 777 # its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. 778 # 779 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 780 # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 781 # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 782 # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 783 # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 784 # 785 # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 786 # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 787 # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 788 # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 789 # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 790 # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 791 # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 792 # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 793 # https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 794 # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 795 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 796 # Minus One Hour". 797 798 # Kingman 799 # uninhabited 800 801 # Midway 802 # See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 803 804 # Palmyra 805 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 806 807 # Wake 808 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 809 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 810 12:00 - +12 811 812 813 # Vanuatu 814 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 815 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 - 816 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 817 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 - 818 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 - 819 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 820 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 - 821 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 822 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 823 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 824 825 # Wallis and Futuna 826 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 827 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 828 12:00 - +12 829 830 ############################################################################### 831 832 # NOTES 833 834 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 835 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 836 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 837 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 838 839 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 840 # 841 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 842 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 843 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 844 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 845 # 846 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 847 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport 848 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 849 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 850 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 851 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 852 # 853 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 854 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 855 # I found in the UCLA library. 856 # 857 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 858 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 859 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 860 # 861 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 862 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 863 # 864 # The following abbreviations are from other sources. 865 # Corrections are welcome! 866 # std dst 867 # LMT Local Mean Time 868 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 869 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 870 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 871 # 10:00 GST Guam through 2000 872 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro 873 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 874 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 875 # -11:00 SST Samoa 876 # -10:00 HST Hawaii 877 # 878 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 879 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. 880 881 ############################################################################### 882 883 # Australia 884 885 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 886 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 887 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 888 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 889 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 890 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 891 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 892 # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 893 # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 894 # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 895 # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 896 # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 897 898 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 899 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 900 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 901 # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 902 903 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 904 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 905 # http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 906 # covers New South Wales in particular. 907 908 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 909 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 910 # It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 911 # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 912 # abbreviation does _not_ change... 913 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 914 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 915 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 916 # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 917 # time'. 918 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 919 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 920 # or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 921 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 922 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 923 # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 924 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 925 926 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 927 # 928 # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 929 # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 930 # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 931 # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 932 # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 933 # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 934 # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 935 # what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 936 # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 937 # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 938 # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 939 # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 940 # 941 # 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 942 # 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 943 # 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 944 # 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 945 # 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 946 # 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 947 # 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 948 # 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 949 # 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 950 # 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 951 # 952 # 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 953 # 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 954 # 955 # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 956 # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 957 # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 958 # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 959 # 960 # 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 961 # 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 962 # 963 # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 964 # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 965 # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 966 # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 967 # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 968 # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 969 # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 970 # 971 # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 972 # like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 973 # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 974 # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 975 # fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 976 # like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 977 # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 978 # (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 979 # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 980 # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 981 # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 982 # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 983 # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 984 # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 985 # 986 # I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 987 # 988 # The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 989 # http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 990 # (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 991 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 992 # 993 # Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 994 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 995 # EST CST WST EDT CDT 996 # 997 # Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 998 # http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 999 # EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 1000 # 1001 # Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 1002 # http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 1003 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 1004 # 1005 # Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 1006 # https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 1007 # EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 1008 # 1009 # The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 1010 # and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 1011 # Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 1012 # 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 1013 # "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 1014 # appear in reports of events with international implications. 1015 # 1016 # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 1017 # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 1018 # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 1019 # the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 1020 # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 1021 # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 1022 # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 1023 # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 1024 # "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 1025 1026 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1027 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1028 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1029 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1030 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1031 # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 1032 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1033 1034 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1035 # 1036 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1037 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1038 # relevant entries in this database. 1039 # 1040 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1041 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1042 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1043 # ACT 1044 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1045 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1046 # SA 1047 # Standard Time Act, 1898 1048 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1049 1050 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1051 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1052 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1053 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1054 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1055 # 1056 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1057 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1058 # to extend DST together in 2006. 1059 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1060 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1061 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1062 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1063 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1064 # allude to it. 1065 # But not Queensland 1066 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1067 1068 # Northern Territory 1069 1070 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1071 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1072 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1073 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1074 # ... 1075 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1076 1077 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1078 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1079 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1080 1081 # Western Australia 1082 1083 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1084 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1085 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1086 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1087 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1088 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1089 # # before reaching parliament. 1090 # ... 1091 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1092 # ... 1093 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1094 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1095 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1096 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1097 1098 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1099 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1100 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1101 1102 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1103 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1104 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1105 # work at 9.00am.) 1106 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1107 # everybody again. 1108 1109 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1110 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1111 # it matches what was used in the past. 1112 1113 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1114 # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1115 # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1116 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1117 1118 # From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01): 1119 # The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the 1120 # government decided to advance the clocks permanently on January 1, 1121 # 2019, from UT +08 to UT +09. The article noted that an exemption 1122 # would be made for people aged 61 and over, who "can apply in writing 1123 # to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See: 1124 # Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01. 1125 # https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/ 1126 1127 # Queensland 1128 1129 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26): 1130 # I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST: 1131 # Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland. 1132 # Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403 1133 # https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS 1134 1135 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1136 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1137 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1138 # ... 1139 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1140 # ... 1141 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1142 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1143 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1144 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1145 1146 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1147 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1148 # October 1989). 1149 1150 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1151 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1152 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1153 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1154 1155 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1156 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1157 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1158 # me.) 1159 1160 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1161 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1162 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1163 # ... 1164 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1165 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1166 # ... 1167 1168 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1169 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1170 1171 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1172 # from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1173 # WA are trialing DST for three years. 1174 # http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1175 1176 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1177 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1178 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1179 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1180 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1181 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1182 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1183 # Australia and Western Australia.... 1184 # 1185 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1186 # This is confirmed by the section entitled 1187 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1188 # http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1189 # 1190 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1191 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1192 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1193 # coast of the continent. 1194 # 1195 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1196 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1197 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1198 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1199 # the largest population centre in this zone.... 1200 # 1201 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1202 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1203 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1204 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1205 # 1206 # (2006-12-09): 1207 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1208 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1209 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1210 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1211 1212 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1213 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1214 # introduction of standard time in 1895. 1215 1216 1217 # southeast Australia 1218 # 1219 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1220 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1221 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1222 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1223 1224 1225 # South Australia 1226 1227 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1228 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1229 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1230 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1231 1232 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1233 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1234 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1235 # ... 1236 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1237 # ... 1238 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1239 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1240 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1241 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1242 1243 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1244 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1245 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1246 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1247 1248 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1249 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1250 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1251 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1252 # is on... 1253 1254 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1255 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1256 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1257 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1258 1259 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1260 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1261 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1262 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1263 1264 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1265 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1266 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1267 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1268 1269 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1270 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1271 1272 # Tasmania 1273 1274 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1275 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1276 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1277 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1278 1279 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1280 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1281 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1282 # (but nothing new about that). 1283 1284 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1285 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1286 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1287 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1288 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1289 # instead of the first Sunday in October. 1290 1291 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1292 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1293 1294 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1295 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1296 1297 # Victoria 1298 1299 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1300 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1301 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1302 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1303 1304 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1305 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1306 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1307 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1308 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1309 # in Melbourne, Australia. 1310 # 1311 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1312 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1313 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1314 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1315 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1316 # expected time. 1317 # 1318 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1319 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1320 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1321 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1322 # 1323 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1324 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1325 1326 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1327 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1328 1329 # New South Wales 1330 1331 # From Arthur David Olson: 1332 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1333 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1334 # who notes: 1335 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1336 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1337 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1338 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1339 # legislation. This is very important to understand. 1340 # I have researched New South Wales time only... 1341 1342 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1343 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1344 # October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1345 # Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1346 # http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1347 1348 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1349 # See the following official NSW source: 1350 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1351 # http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1352 # 1353 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1354 # daylight saving next year. See: 1355 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1356 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1357 # (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1358 # 1359 # Victoria will follow NSW. See: 1360 # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1361 # http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1362 # 1363 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1364 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1365 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1366 # 1367 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1368 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1369 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1370 # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1371 # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1372 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1373 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1374 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1375 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1376 # 1377 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1378 # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1379 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1380 1381 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1382 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1383 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1384 1385 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1386 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1387 # towns to use Queensland time. 1388 1389 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1390 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1391 1392 # Yancowinna 1393 1394 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1395 # 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1396 1397 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1398 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1399 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1400 # ... 1401 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1402 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1403 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1404 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1405 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1406 # # presently available. 1407 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1408 # ... 1409 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1410 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1411 # [followed by other Rules] 1412 1413 # Lord Howe Island 1414 1415 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1416 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1417 # [ Dec 1990 ] 1418 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1419 # hour ahead of NSW time. 1420 1421 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1422 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1423 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1424 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1425 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1426 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1427 # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1428 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1429 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1430 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1431 1432 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1433 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1434 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1435 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1436 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1437 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1438 1439 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1440 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1441 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1442 1443 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1444 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1445 1446 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1447 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1448 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1449 # summer (southern hemisphere). 1450 # 1451 # From 1452 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1453 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1454 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1455 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1456 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1457 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1458 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1459 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1460 # 1461 # We have a wrap-up here: 1462 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1463 ############################################################################### 1464 1465 # New Zealand 1466 1467 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1468 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1469 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1470 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1471 # source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1472 1473 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1474 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1475 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1476 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1477 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1478 # ... 1479 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1480 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1481 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1482 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1483 # ... 1484 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1485 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1486 1487 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1488 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1489 # rather than the October 1 value. 1490 1491 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1492 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1493 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1494 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1495 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1496 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1497 # 1498 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1499 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1500 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references. 1501 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1502 # 1503 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1504 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1505 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1506 1507 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1508 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1509 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1510 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1511 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1512 1513 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1514 # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1515 # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1516 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1517 # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1518 # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1519 # time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1520 # Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1521 # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1522 # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1523 # LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1524 # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1525 1526 ############################################################################### 1527 1528 1529 # Fiji 1530 1531 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1532 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1533 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1534 1535 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1536 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1537 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1538 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1539 1540 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1541 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1542 1543 # From the BBC World Service in 1544 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1545 # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1546 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1547 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1548 # of the new millennium. 1549 1550 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1551 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1552 1553 1554 # Kiribati 1555 1556 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1557 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1558 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1559 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1560 1561 # From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03): 1562 # December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition 1563 # would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995. 1564 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04): 1565 # One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All: 1566 # The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007). 1567 1568 # Kwajalein 1569 1570 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1571 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1572 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1573 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1574 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1575 1576 1577 # N Mariana Is, Guam 1578 1579 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1580 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1581 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1582 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1583 # see Asia/Manila. 1584 1585 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 1586 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1587 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1588 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1589 1590 1591 # Micronesia 1592 1593 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1594 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1595 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1596 # 1597 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 1598 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1599 1600 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1601 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1602 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1603 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1604 # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1605 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 1606 1607 1608 # Midway 1609 1610 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1611 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1612 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1613 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1614 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1615 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1616 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1617 # air at 6am your time. 1618 # 1619 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1620 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1621 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1622 # in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1623 1624 # Norfolk 1625 1626 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1627 # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 1628 # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 1629 # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 1630 # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 1631 1632 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23): 1633 # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 1634 # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 1635 # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 1636 # other than in 1974/5. See: 1637 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 1638 1639 # Pitcairn 1640 1641 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1642 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1643 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1644 # 1645 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1646 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1647 # as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1648 # 1649 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1650 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1651 # somehow in light of this proclamation. 1652 1653 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1654 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1655 # ... at midnight. 1656 1657 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1658 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1659 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be ½ hour different from us here in 1660 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1661 1662 1663 # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 1664 1665 # Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean 1666 # time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change 1667 # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1668 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1669 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 1670 # This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20. 1671 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm 1672 1673 # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 1674 # in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 1675 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1676 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1677 # Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 1678 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1679 # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1680 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 1681 1682 1683 # Tonga 1684 1685 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1686 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1687 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 1688 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1689 1690 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1691 # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1692 # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1693 # 1694 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1695 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1696 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1697 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1698 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13° 1699 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1700 # 1701 # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1702 # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1703 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1704 # 1705 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1706 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1707 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1708 # minutes we have lost?" 1709 # 1710 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1711 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1712 # to say your prayers in the morning." 1713 1714 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1715 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1716 1717 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1718 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1719 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1720 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1721 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1722 # Government. 1723 1724 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1725 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1726 # 1727 # I was given this link by John Letts: 1728 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1729 # 1730 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1731 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1732 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1733 # (12 + 1 hour DST). 1734 1735 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1736 # According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 1737 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1738 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1739 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1740 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1741 # set back an hour on the closing date." 1742 # Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1743 1744 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1745 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1746 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1747 1748 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1749 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1750 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1751 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1752 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1753 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1754 # (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 1755 1756 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1757 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1758 1759 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1760 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1761 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1762 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1763 # hour to 1:00am. 1764 1765 # From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05): 1766 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1767 1768 # From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27): 1769 # http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 1770 # Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen 1771 # the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. 1772 # 1773 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): 1774 # Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 1775 # through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. 1776 1777 # From David Wade (2017-10-18): 1778 # In August government was disolved by the King. The current prime minister 1779 # continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few 1780 # decisions will be made until elections 16th November. 1781 # 1782 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1783 # For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. 1784 1785 1786 # Wake 1787 1788 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1789 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1790 # 1791 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1792 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1793 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1794 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1795 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1796 # impossible. 1797 # 1798 # https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm 1799 1800 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1801 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1802 1803 ############################################################################### 1804 1805 # The International Date Line 1806 1807 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1808 # 1809 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1810 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1811 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1812 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1813 # 1814 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1815 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1816 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1817 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1818 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1819 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1820 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1821 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1822 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1823 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1824 # correct date is ambiguous. 1825 1826 # From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1827 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1828 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1829 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1830 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1831 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1832 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1833 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1834 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1835 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1836 # entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1837 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1838 # independent merchant ships until World War II. 1839 1840 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1841 # (2005-03-20): 1842 # 1843 # The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1844 # http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1845 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1846 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.