1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1994, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package java.lang;
  27 
  28 import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement;
  29 import java.lang.reflect.Array;
  30 import java.lang.reflect.GenericArrayType;
  31 import java.lang.reflect.GenericDeclaration;
  32 import java.lang.reflect.Member;
  33 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
  34 import java.lang.reflect.Executable;
  35 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
  36 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
  37 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
  38 import java.lang.reflect.Type;
  39 import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;
  40 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
  41 import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedType;
  42 import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
  43 import java.io.InputStream;
  44 import java.io.ObjectStreamField;
  45 import java.security.AccessController;
  46 import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
  47 import java.util.ArrayList;
  48 import java.util.Collection;
  49 import java.util.HashSet;
  50 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
  51 import java.util.List;
  52 import java.util.Set;
  53 import java.util.Map;
  54 import java.util.HashMap;
  55 import java.util.Objects;
  56 import java.util.StringJoiner;
  57 import sun.misc.Unsafe;
  58 import sun.reflect.CallerSensitive;
  59 import sun.reflect.ConstantPool;
  60 import sun.reflect.Reflection;
  61 import sun.reflect.ReflectionFactory;
  62 import sun.reflect.generics.factory.CoreReflectionFactory;
  63 import sun.reflect.generics.factory.GenericsFactory;
  64 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ClassRepository;
  65 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.MethodRepository;
  66 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ConstructorRepository;
  67 import sun.reflect.generics.scope.ClassScope;
  68 import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
  69 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
  70 import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
  71 import sun.reflect.annotation.*;
  72 import sun.reflect.misc.ReflectUtil;
  73 
  74 /**
  75  * Instances of the class {@code Class} represent classes and
  76  * interfaces in a running Java application.  An enum is a kind of
  77  * class and an annotation is a kind of interface.  Every array also
  78  * belongs to a class that is reflected as a {@code Class} object
  79  * that is shared by all arrays with the same element type and number
  80  * of dimensions.  The primitive Java types ({@code boolean},
  81  * {@code byte}, {@code char}, {@code short},
  82  * {@code int}, {@code long}, {@code float}, and
  83  * {@code double}), and the keyword {@code void} are also
  84  * represented as {@code Class} objects.
  85  *
  86  * <p> {@code Class} has no public constructor. Instead {@code Class}
  87  * objects are constructed automatically by the Java Virtual Machine as classes
  88  * are loaded and by calls to the {@code defineClass} method in the class
  89  * loader.
  90  *
  91  * <p> The following example uses a {@code Class} object to print the
  92  * class name of an object:
  93  *
  94  * <blockquote><pre>
  95  *     void printClassName(Object obj) {
  96  *         System.out.println("The class of " + obj +
  97  *                            " is " + obj.getClass().getName());
  98  *     }
  99  * </pre></blockquote>
 100  *
 101  * <p> It is also possible to get the {@code Class} object for a named
 102  * type (or for void) using a class literal.  See Section 15.8.2 of
 103  * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>.
 104  * For example:
 105  *
 106  * <blockquote>
 107  *     {@code System.out.println("The name of class Foo is: "+Foo.class.getName());}
 108  * </blockquote>
 109  *
 110  * @param <T> the type of the class modeled by this {@code Class}
 111  * object.  For example, the type of {@code String.class} is {@code
 112  * Class<String>}.  Use {@code Class<?>} if the class being modeled is
 113  * unknown.
 114  *
 115  * @author  unascribed
 116  * @see     java.lang.ClassLoader#defineClass(byte[], int, int)
 117  * @since   1.0
 118  */
 119 public final class Class<T> implements java.io.Serializable,
 120                               GenericDeclaration,
 121                               Type,
 122                               AnnotatedElement {
 123     private static final int ANNOTATION= 0x00002000;
 124     private static final int ENUM      = 0x00004000;
 125     private static final int SYNTHETIC = 0x00001000;
 126 
 127     private static native void registerNatives();
 128     static {
 129         registerNatives();
 130     }
 131 
 132     /*
 133      * Private constructor. Only the Java Virtual Machine creates Class objects.
 134      * This constructor is not used and prevents the default constructor being
 135      * generated.
 136      */
 137     private Class(ClassLoader loader, Class<?> arrayComponentType) {
 138         // Initialize final field for classLoader.  The initialization value of non-null
 139         // prevents future JIT optimizations from assuming this final field is null.
 140         classLoader = loader;
 141         componentType = arrayComponentType;
 142     }
 143 
 144     /**
 145      * Converts the object to a string. The string representation is the
 146      * string "class" or "interface", followed by a space, and then by the
 147      * fully qualified name of the class in the format returned by
 148      * {@code getName}.  If this {@code Class} object represents a
 149      * primitive type, this method returns the name of the primitive type.  If
 150      * this {@code Class} object represents void this method returns
 151      * "void".
 152      *
 153      * @return a string representation of this class object.
 154      */
 155     public String toString() {
 156         return (isInterface() ? "interface " : (isPrimitive() ? "" : "class "))
 157             + getName();
 158     }
 159 
 160     /**
 161      * Returns a string describing this {@code Class}, including
 162      * information about modifiers and type parameters.
 163      *
 164      * The string is formatted as a list of type modifiers, if any,
 165      * followed by the kind of type (empty string for primitive types
 166      * and {@code class}, {@code enum}, {@code interface}, or
 167      * <code>@</code>{@code interface}, as appropriate), followed
 168      * by the type's name, followed by an angle-bracketed
 169      * comma-separated list of the type's type parameters, if any.
 170      *
 171      * A space is used to separate modifiers from one another and to
 172      * separate any modifiers from the kind of type. The modifiers
 173      * occur in canonical order. If there are no type parameters, the
 174      * type parameter list is elided.
 175      *
 176      * <p>Note that since information about the runtime representation
 177      * of a type is being generated, modifiers not present on the
 178      * originating source code or illegal on the originating source
 179      * code may be present.
 180      *
 181      * @return a string describing this {@code Class}, including
 182      * information about modifiers and type parameters
 183      *
 184      * @since 1.8
 185      */
 186     public String toGenericString() {
 187         if (isPrimitive()) {
 188             return toString();
 189         } else {
 190             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 191 
 192             // Class modifiers are a superset of interface modifiers
 193             int modifiers = getModifiers() & Modifier.classModifiers();
 194             if (modifiers != 0) {
 195                 sb.append(Modifier.toString(modifiers));
 196                 sb.append(' ');
 197             }
 198 
 199             if (isAnnotation()) {
 200                 sb.append('@');
 201             }
 202             if (isInterface()) { // Note: all annotation types are interfaces
 203                 sb.append("interface");
 204             } else {
 205                 if (isEnum())
 206                     sb.append("enum");
 207                 else
 208                     sb.append("class");
 209             }
 210             sb.append(' ');
 211             sb.append(getName());
 212 
 213             TypeVariable<?>[] typeparms = getTypeParameters();
 214             if (typeparms.length > 0) {
 215                 boolean first = true;
 216                 sb.append('<');
 217                 for(TypeVariable<?> typeparm: typeparms) {
 218                     if (!first)
 219                         sb.append(',');
 220                     sb.append(typeparm.getTypeName());
 221                     first = false;
 222                 }
 223                 sb.append('>');
 224             }
 225 
 226             return sb.toString();
 227         }
 228     }
 229 
 230     /**
 231      * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
 232      * interface with the given string name.  Invoking this method is
 233      * equivalent to:
 234      *
 235      * <blockquote>
 236      *  {@code Class.forName(className, true, currentLoader)}
 237      * </blockquote>
 238      *
 239      * where {@code currentLoader} denotes the defining class loader of
 240      * the current class.
 241      *
 242      * <p> For example, the following code fragment returns the
 243      * runtime {@code Class} descriptor for the class named
 244      * {@code java.lang.Thread}:
 245      *
 246      * <blockquote>
 247      *   {@code Class t = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread")}
 248      * </blockquote>
 249      * <p>
 250      * A call to {@code forName("X")} causes the class named
 251      * {@code X} to be initialized.
 252      *
 253      * @param      className   the fully qualified name of the desired class.
 254      * @return     the {@code Class} object for the class with the
 255      *             specified name.
 256      * @exception LinkageError if the linkage fails
 257      * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
 258      *            by this method fails
 259      * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located
 260      */
 261     @CallerSensitive
 262     public static Class<?> forName(String className)
 263                 throws ClassNotFoundException {
 264         Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 265         return forName0(className, true, ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller), caller);
 266     }
 267 
 268 
 269     /**
 270      * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
 271      * interface with the given string name, using the given class loader.
 272      * Given the fully qualified name for a class or interface (in the same
 273      * format returned by {@code getName}) this method attempts to
 274      * locate, load, and link the class or interface.  The specified class
 275      * loader is used to load the class or interface.  If the parameter
 276      * {@code loader} is null, the class is loaded through the bootstrap
 277      * class loader.  The class is initialized only if the
 278      * {@code initialize} parameter is {@code true} and if it has
 279      * not been initialized earlier.
 280      *
 281      * <p> If {@code name} denotes a primitive type or void, an attempt
 282      * will be made to locate a user-defined class in the unnamed package whose
 283      * name is {@code name}. Therefore, this method cannot be used to
 284      * obtain any of the {@code Class} objects representing primitive
 285      * types or void.
 286      *
 287      * <p> If {@code name} denotes an array class, the component type of
 288      * the array class is loaded but not initialized.
 289      *
 290      * <p> For example, in an instance method the expression:
 291      *
 292      * <blockquote>
 293      *  {@code Class.forName("Foo")}
 294      * </blockquote>
 295      *
 296      * is equivalent to:
 297      *
 298      * <blockquote>
 299      *  {@code Class.forName("Foo", true, this.getClass().getClassLoader())}
 300      * </blockquote>
 301      *
 302      * Note that this method throws errors related to loading, linking or
 303      * initializing as specified in Sections 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4 of <em>The
 304      * Java Language Specification</em>.
 305      * Note that this method does not check whether the requested class
 306      * is accessible to its caller.
 307      *
 308      * <p> If the {@code loader} is {@code null}, and a security
 309      * manager is present, and the caller's class loader is not null, then this
 310      * method calls the security manager's {@code checkPermission} method
 311      * with a {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")} permission to
 312      * ensure it's ok to access the bootstrap class loader.
 313      *
 314      * @param name       fully qualified name of the desired class
 315      * @param initialize if {@code true} the class will be initialized.
 316      *                   See Section 12.4 of <em>The Java Language Specification</em>.
 317      * @param loader     class loader from which the class must be loaded
 318      * @return           class object representing the desired class
 319      *
 320      * @exception LinkageError if the linkage fails
 321      * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
 322      *            by this method fails
 323      * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located by
 324      *            the specified class loader
 325      *
 326      * @see       java.lang.Class#forName(String)
 327      * @see       java.lang.ClassLoader
 328      * @since     1.2
 329      */
 330     @CallerSensitive
 331     public static Class<?> forName(String name, boolean initialize,
 332                                    ClassLoader loader)
 333         throws ClassNotFoundException
 334     {
 335         Class<?> caller = null;
 336         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 337         if (sm != null) {
 338             // Reflective call to get caller class is only needed if a security manager
 339             // is present.  Avoid the overhead of making this call otherwise.
 340             caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 341             if (sun.misc.VM.isSystemDomainLoader(loader)) {
 342                 ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller);
 343                 if (!sun.misc.VM.isSystemDomainLoader(ccl)) {
 344                     sm.checkPermission(
 345                         SecurityConstants.GET_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);
 346                 }
 347             }
 348         }
 349         return forName0(name, initialize, loader, caller);
 350     }
 351 
 352     /** Called after security check for system loader access checks have been made. */
 353     private static native Class<?> forName0(String name, boolean initialize,
 354                                             ClassLoader loader,
 355                                             Class<?> caller)
 356         throws ClassNotFoundException;
 357 
 358     /**
 359      * Creates a new instance of the class represented by this {@code Class}
 360      * object.  The class is instantiated as if by a {@code new}
 361      * expression with an empty argument list.  The class is initialized if it
 362      * has not already been initialized.
 363      *
 364      * <p>Note that this method propagates any exception thrown by the
 365      * nullary constructor, including a checked exception.  Use of
 366      * this method effectively bypasses the compile-time exception
 367      * checking that would otherwise be performed by the compiler.
 368      * The {@link
 369      * java.lang.reflect.Constructor#newInstance(java.lang.Object...)
 370      * Constructor.newInstance} method avoids this problem by wrapping
 371      * any exception thrown by the constructor in a (checked) {@link
 372      * java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException}.
 373      *
 374      * @return  a newly allocated instance of the class represented by this
 375      *          object.
 376      * @throws  IllegalAccessException  if the class or its nullary
 377      *          constructor is not accessible.
 378      * @throws  InstantiationException
 379      *          if this {@code Class} represents an abstract class,
 380      *          an interface, an array class, a primitive type, or void;
 381      *          or if the class has no nullary constructor;
 382      *          or if the instantiation fails for some other reason.
 383      * @throws  ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization
 384      *          provoked by this method fails.
 385      * @throws  SecurityException
 386      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
 387      *          the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
 388      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
 389      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
 390      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
 391      *          of this class.
 392      */
 393     @CallerSensitive
 394     public T newInstance()
 395         throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
 396     {
 397         if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
 398             checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
 399         }
 400 
 401         // NOTE: the following code may not be strictly correct under
 402         // the current Java memory model.
 403 
 404         // Constructor lookup
 405         if (cachedConstructor == null) {
 406             if (this == Class.class) {
 407                 throw new IllegalAccessException(
 408                     "Can not call newInstance() on the Class for java.lang.Class"
 409                 );
 410             }
 411             try {
 412                 Class<?>[] empty = {};
 413                 // must copy constructor since we are modifying it
 414                 final Constructor<T> c = getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(
 415                     getConstructor0(empty, Member.DECLARED));
 416                 // Disable accessibility checks on the constructor
 417                 // since we have to do the security check here anyway
 418                 // (the stack depth is wrong for the Constructor's
 419                 // security check to work)
 420                 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
 421                     new java.security.PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
 422                         public Void run() {
 423                                 c.setAccessible(true);
 424                                 return null;
 425                             }
 426                         });
 427                 cachedConstructor = c;
 428             } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
 429                 throw (InstantiationException)
 430                     new InstantiationException(getName()).initCause(e);
 431             }
 432         }
 433         Constructor<T> tmpConstructor = cachedConstructor;
 434         // Security check (same as in java.lang.reflect.Constructor)
 435         int modifiers = tmpConstructor.getModifiers();
 436         if (!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(this, modifiers)) {
 437             Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 438             if (newInstanceCallerCache != caller) {
 439                 Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(caller, this, null, modifiers);
 440                 newInstanceCallerCache = caller;
 441             }
 442         }
 443         // Run constructor
 444         try {
 445             return tmpConstructor.newInstance((Object[])null);
 446         } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
 447             Unsafe.getUnsafe().throwException(e.getTargetException());
 448             // Not reached
 449             return null;
 450         }
 451     }
 452     private volatile transient Constructor<T> cachedConstructor;
 453     private volatile transient Class<?>       newInstanceCallerCache;
 454 
 455 
 456     /**
 457      * Determines if the specified {@code Object} is assignment-compatible
 458      * with the object represented by this {@code Class}.  This method is
 459      * the dynamic equivalent of the Java language {@code instanceof}
 460      * operator. The method returns {@code true} if the specified
 461      * {@code Object} argument is non-null and can be cast to the
 462      * reference type represented by this {@code Class} object without
 463      * raising a {@code ClassCastException.} It returns {@code false}
 464      * otherwise.
 465      *
 466      * <p> Specifically, if this {@code Class} object represents a
 467      * declared class, this method returns {@code true} if the specified
 468      * {@code Object} argument is an instance of the represented class (or
 469      * of any of its subclasses); it returns {@code false} otherwise. If
 470      * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, this method
 471      * returns {@code true} if the specified {@code Object} argument
 472      * can be converted to an object of the array class by an identity
 473      * conversion or by a widening reference conversion; it returns
 474      * {@code false} otherwise. If this {@code Class} object
 475      * represents an interface, this method returns {@code true} if the
 476      * class or any superclass of the specified {@code Object} argument
 477      * implements this interface; it returns {@code false} otherwise. If
 478      * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, this method
 479      * returns {@code false}.
 480      *
 481      * @param   obj the object to check
 482      * @return  true if {@code obj} is an instance of this class
 483      *
 484      * @since 1.1
 485      */
 486     public native boolean isInstance(Object obj);
 487 
 488 
 489     /**
 490      * Determines if the class or interface represented by this
 491      * {@code Class} object is either the same as, or is a superclass or
 492      * superinterface of, the class or interface represented by the specified
 493      * {@code Class} parameter. It returns {@code true} if so;
 494      * otherwise it returns {@code false}. If this {@code Class}
 495      * object represents a primitive type, this method returns
 496      * {@code true} if the specified {@code Class} parameter is
 497      * exactly this {@code Class} object; otherwise it returns
 498      * {@code false}.
 499      *
 500      * <p> Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the
 501      * specified {@code Class} parameter can be converted to the type
 502      * represented by this {@code Class} object via an identity conversion
 503      * or via a widening reference conversion. See <em>The Java Language
 504      * Specification</em>, sections 5.1.1 and 5.1.4 , for details.
 505      *
 506      * @param cls the {@code Class} object to be checked
 507      * @return the {@code boolean} value indicating whether objects of the
 508      * type {@code cls} can be assigned to objects of this class
 509      * @exception NullPointerException if the specified Class parameter is
 510      *            null.
 511      * @since 1.1
 512      */
 513     public native boolean isAssignableFrom(Class<?> cls);
 514 
 515 
 516     /**
 517      * Determines if the specified {@code Class} object represents an
 518      * interface type.
 519      *
 520      * @return  {@code true} if this object represents an interface;
 521      *          {@code false} otherwise.
 522      */
 523     public native boolean isInterface();
 524 
 525 
 526     /**
 527      * Determines if this {@code Class} object represents an array class.
 528      *
 529      * @return  {@code true} if this object represents an array class;
 530      *          {@code false} otherwise.
 531      * @since   1.1
 532      */
 533     public native boolean isArray();
 534 
 535 
 536     /**
 537      * Determines if the specified {@code Class} object represents a
 538      * primitive type.
 539      *
 540      * <p> There are nine predefined {@code Class} objects to represent
 541      * the eight primitive types and void.  These are created by the Java
 542      * Virtual Machine, and have the same names as the primitive types that
 543      * they represent, namely {@code boolean}, {@code byte},
 544      * {@code char}, {@code short}, {@code int},
 545      * {@code long}, {@code float}, and {@code double}.
 546      *
 547      * <p> These objects may only be accessed via the following public static
 548      * final variables, and are the only {@code Class} objects for which
 549      * this method returns {@code true}.
 550      *
 551      * @return true if and only if this class represents a primitive type
 552      *
 553      * @see     java.lang.Boolean#TYPE
 554      * @see     java.lang.Character#TYPE
 555      * @see     java.lang.Byte#TYPE
 556      * @see     java.lang.Short#TYPE
 557      * @see     java.lang.Integer#TYPE
 558      * @see     java.lang.Long#TYPE
 559      * @see     java.lang.Float#TYPE
 560      * @see     java.lang.Double#TYPE
 561      * @see     java.lang.Void#TYPE
 562      * @since 1.1
 563      */
 564     public native boolean isPrimitive();
 565 
 566     /**
 567      * Returns true if this {@code Class} object represents an annotation
 568      * type.  Note that if this method returns true, {@link #isInterface()}
 569      * would also return true, as all annotation types are also interfaces.
 570      *
 571      * @return {@code true} if this class object represents an annotation
 572      *      type; {@code false} otherwise
 573      * @since 1.5
 574      */
 575     public boolean isAnnotation() {
 576         return (getModifiers() & ANNOTATION) != 0;
 577     }
 578 
 579     /**
 580      * Returns {@code true} if this class is a synthetic class;
 581      * returns {@code false} otherwise.
 582      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a synthetic class as
 583      *         defined by the Java Language Specification.
 584      * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary
 585      * @since 1.5
 586      */
 587     public boolean isSynthetic() {
 588         return (getModifiers() & SYNTHETIC) != 0;
 589     }
 590 
 591     /**
 592      * Returns the  name of the entity (class, interface, array class,
 593      * primitive type, or void) represented by this {@code Class} object,
 594      * as a {@code String}.
 595      *
 596      * <p> If this class object represents a reference type that is not an
 597      * array type then the binary name of the class is returned, as specified
 598      * by
 599      * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>.
 600      *
 601      * <p> If this class object represents a primitive type or void, then the
 602      * name returned is a {@code String} equal to the Java language
 603      * keyword corresponding to the primitive type or void.
 604      *
 605      * <p> If this class object represents a class of arrays, then the internal
 606      * form of the name consists of the name of the element type preceded by
 607      * one or more '{@code [}' characters representing the depth of the array
 608      * nesting.  The encoding of element type names is as follows:
 609      *
 610      * <blockquote><table summary="Element types and encodings">
 611      * <tr><th> Element Type <th> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <th> Encoding
 612      * <tr><td> boolean      <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> Z
 613      * <tr><td> byte         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> B
 614      * <tr><td> char         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> C
 615      * <tr><td> class or interface
 616      *                       <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> L<i>classname</i>;
 617      * <tr><td> double       <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> D
 618      * <tr><td> float        <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> F
 619      * <tr><td> int          <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> I
 620      * <tr><td> long         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> J
 621      * <tr><td> short        <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> S
 622      * </table></blockquote>
 623      *
 624      * <p> The class or interface name <i>classname</i> is the binary name of
 625      * the class specified above.
 626      *
 627      * <p> Examples:
 628      * <blockquote><pre>
 629      * String.class.getName()
 630      *     returns "java.lang.String"
 631      * byte.class.getName()
 632      *     returns "byte"
 633      * (new Object[3]).getClass().getName()
 634      *     returns "[Ljava.lang.Object;"
 635      * (new int[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]).getClass().getName()
 636      *     returns "[[[[[[[I"
 637      * </pre></blockquote>
 638      *
 639      * @return  the name of the class or interface
 640      *          represented by this object.
 641      */
 642     public String getName() {
 643         String name = this.name;
 644         if (name == null)
 645             this.name = name = getName0();
 646         return name;
 647     }
 648 
 649     // cache the name to reduce the number of calls into the VM
 650     private transient String name;
 651     private native String getName0();
 652 
 653     /**
 654      * Returns the class loader for the class.  Some implementations may use
 655      * null to represent the bootstrap class loader. This method will return
 656      * null in such implementations if this class was loaded by the bootstrap
 657      * class loader.
 658      *
 659      * <p> If a security manager is present, and the caller's class loader is
 660      * not null and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of
 661      * the class loader for the class whose class loader is requested, then
 662      * this method calls the security manager's {@code checkPermission}
 663      * method with a {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")}
 664      * permission to ensure it's ok to access the class loader for the class.
 665      *
 666      * <p>If this object
 667      * represents a primitive type or void, null is returned.
 668      *
 669      * @return  the class loader that loaded the class or interface
 670      *          represented by this object.
 671      * @throws SecurityException
 672      *    if a security manager exists and its
 673      *    {@code checkPermission} method denies
 674      *    access to the class loader for the class.
 675      * @see java.lang.ClassLoader
 676      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
 677      * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
 678      */
 679     @CallerSensitive
 680     public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
 681         ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
 682         if (cl == null)
 683             return null;
 684         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 685         if (sm != null) {
 686             ClassLoader.checkClassLoaderPermission(cl, Reflection.getCallerClass());
 687         }
 688         return cl;
 689     }
 690 
 691     // Package-private to allow ClassLoader access
 692     ClassLoader getClassLoader0() { return classLoader; }
 693 
 694     // Initialized in JVM not by private constructor
 695     private final ClassLoader classLoader;
 696 
 697     /**
 698      * Returns an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent the
 699      * type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this
 700      * {@code GenericDeclaration} object, in declaration order.  Returns an
 701      * array of length 0 if the underlying generic declaration declares no type
 702      * variables.
 703      *
 704      * @return an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent
 705      *     the type variables declared by this generic declaration
 706      * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
 707      *     signature of this generic declaration does not conform to
 708      *     the format specified in
 709      *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
 710      * @since 1.5
 711      */
 712     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 713     public TypeVariable<Class<T>>[] getTypeParameters() {
 714         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
 715         if (info != null)
 716             return (TypeVariable<Class<T>>[])info.getTypeParameters();
 717         else
 718             return (TypeVariable<Class<T>>[])new TypeVariable<?>[0];
 719     }
 720 
 721 
 722     /**
 723      * Returns the {@code Class} representing the superclass of the entity
 724      * (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by this
 725      * {@code Class}.  If this {@code Class} represents either the
 726      * {@code Object} class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then
 727      * null is returned.  If this object represents an array class then the
 728      * {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
 729      * returned.
 730      *
 731      * @return the superclass of the class represented by this object.
 732      */
 733     public native Class<? super T> getSuperclass();
 734 
 735 
 736     /**
 737      * Returns the {@code Type} representing the direct superclass of
 738      * the entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by
 739      * this {@code Class}.
 740      *
 741      * <p>If the superclass is a parameterized type, the {@code Type}
 742      * object returned must accurately reflect the actual type
 743      * parameters used in the source code. The parameterized type
 744      * representing the superclass is created if it had not been
 745      * created before. See the declaration of {@link
 746      * java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType} for the
 747      * semantics of the creation process for parameterized types.  If
 748      * this {@code Class} represents either the {@code Object}
 749      * class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then null is
 750      * returned.  If this object represents an array class then the
 751      * {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
 752      * returned.
 753      *
 754      * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
 755      *     class signature does not conform to the format specified in
 756      *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
 757      * @throws TypeNotPresentException if the generic superclass
 758      *     refers to a non-existent type declaration
 759      * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException if the
 760      *     generic superclass refers to a parameterized type that cannot be
 761      *     instantiated  for any reason
 762      * @return the superclass of the class represented by this object
 763      * @since 1.5
 764      */
 765     public Type getGenericSuperclass() {
 766         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
 767         if (info == null) {
 768             return getSuperclass();
 769         }
 770 
 771         // Historical irregularity:
 772         // Generic signature marks interfaces with superclass = Object
 773         // but this API returns null for interfaces
 774         if (isInterface()) {
 775             return null;
 776         }
 777 
 778         return info.getSuperclass();
 779     }
 780 
 781     /**
 782      * Gets the package for this class.  The class loader of this class is used
 783      * to find the package.  If the class was loaded by the bootstrap class
 784      * loader the set of packages loaded from CLASSPATH is searched to find the
 785      * package of the class. Null is returned if no package object was created
 786      * by the class loader of this class.
 787      *
 788      * <p> Packages have attributes for versions and specifications only if the
 789      * information was defined in the manifests that accompany the classes, and
 790      * if the class loader created the package instance with the attributes
 791      * from the manifest.
 792      *
 793      * @return the package of the class, or null if no package
 794      *         information is available from the archive or codebase.
 795      */
 796     public Package getPackage() {
 797         return Package.getPackage(this);
 798     }
 799 
 800 
 801     /**
 802      * Determines the interfaces implemented by the class or interface
 803      * represented by this object.
 804      *
 805      * <p> If this object represents a class, the return value is an array
 806      * containing objects representing all interfaces implemented by the
 807      * class. The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to
 808      * the order of the interface names in the {@code implements} clause
 809      * of the declaration of the class represented by this object. For
 810      * example, given the declaration:
 811      * <blockquote>
 812      * {@code class Shimmer implements FloorWax, DessertTopping { ... }}
 813      * </blockquote>
 814      * suppose the value of {@code s} is an instance of
 815      * {@code Shimmer}; the value of the expression:
 816      * <blockquote>
 817      * {@code s.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]}
 818      * </blockquote>
 819      * is the {@code Class} object that represents interface
 820      * {@code FloorWax}; and the value of:
 821      * <blockquote>
 822      * {@code s.getClass().getInterfaces()[1]}
 823      * </blockquote>
 824      * is the {@code Class} object that represents interface
 825      * {@code DessertTopping}.
 826      *
 827      * <p> If this object represents an interface, the array contains objects
 828      * representing all interfaces extended by the interface. The order of the
 829      * interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of the interface
 830      * names in the {@code extends} clause of the declaration of the
 831      * interface represented by this object.
 832      *
 833      * <p> If this object represents a class or interface that implements no
 834      * interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.
 835      *
 836      * <p> If this object represents a primitive type or void, the method
 837      * returns an array of length 0.
 838      *
 839      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, the
 840      * interfaces {@code Cloneable} and {@code java.io.Serializable} are
 841      * returned in that order.
 842      *
 843      * @return an array of interfaces implemented by this class.
 844      */
 845     public Class<?>[] getInterfaces() {
 846         return getInterfaces(true);
 847     }
 848 
 849     private Class<?>[] getInterfaces(boolean cloneArray) {
 850         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
 851         if (rd == null) {
 852             // no cloning required
 853             return getInterfaces0();
 854         } else {
 855             Class<?>[] interfaces = rd.interfaces;
 856             if (interfaces == null) {
 857                 interfaces = getInterfaces0();
 858                 rd.interfaces = interfaces;
 859             }
 860             // defensively copy cached array before handing over to user code
 861             return cloneArray ? interfaces.clone() : interfaces;
 862         }
 863     }
 864 
 865     private native Class<?>[] getInterfaces0();
 866 
 867     /**
 868      * Returns the {@code Type}s representing the interfaces
 869      * directly implemented by the class or interface represented by
 870      * this object.
 871      *
 872      * <p>If a superinterface is a parameterized type, the
 873      * {@code Type} object returned for it must accurately reflect
 874      * the actual type parameters used in the source code. The
 875      * parameterized type representing each superinterface is created
 876      * if it had not been created before. See the declaration of
 877      * {@link java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType}
 878      * for the semantics of the creation process for parameterized
 879      * types.
 880      *
 881      * <p> If this object represents a class, the return value is an
 882      * array containing objects representing all interfaces
 883      * implemented by the class. The order of the interface objects in
 884      * the array corresponds to the order of the interface names in
 885      * the {@code implements} clause of the declaration of the class
 886      * represented by this object.  In the case of an array class, the
 887      * interfaces {@code Cloneable} and {@code Serializable} are
 888      * returned in that order.
 889      *
 890      * <p>If this object represents an interface, the array contains
 891      * objects representing all interfaces directly extended by the
 892      * interface.  The order of the interface objects in the array
 893      * corresponds to the order of the interface names in the
 894      * {@code extends} clause of the declaration of the interface
 895      * represented by this object.
 896      *
 897      * <p>If this object represents a class or interface that
 898      * implements no interfaces, the method returns an array of length
 899      * 0.
 900      *
 901      * <p>If this object represents a primitive type or void, the
 902      * method returns an array of length 0.
 903      *
 904      * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError
 905      *     if the generic class signature does not conform to the format
 906      *     specified in
 907      *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
 908      * @throws TypeNotPresentException if any of the generic
 909      *     superinterfaces refers to a non-existent type declaration
 910      * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException
 911      *     if any of the generic superinterfaces refer to a parameterized
 912      *     type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
 913      * @return an array of interfaces implemented by this class
 914      * @since 1.5
 915      */
 916     public Type[] getGenericInterfaces() {
 917         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
 918         return (info == null) ?  getInterfaces() : info.getSuperInterfaces();
 919     }
 920 
 921 
 922     /**
 923      * Returns the {@code Class} representing the component type of an
 924      * array.  If this class does not represent an array class this method
 925      * returns null.
 926      *
 927      * @return the {@code Class} representing the component type of this
 928      * class if this class is an array
 929      * @see     java.lang.reflect.Array
 930      * @since 1.1
 931      */
 932     public Class<?> getComponentType() {
 933         // Only return for array types. Storage may be reused for Class for instance types.
 934         if (isArray()) {
 935             return componentType;
 936         } else {
 937             return null;
 938         }
 939     }
 940 
 941     private final Class<?> componentType;
 942 
 943 
 944     /**
 945      * Returns the Java language modifiers for this class or interface, encoded
 946      * in an integer. The modifiers consist of the Java Virtual Machine's
 947      * constants for {@code public}, {@code protected},
 948      * {@code private}, {@code final}, {@code static},
 949      * {@code abstract} and {@code interface}; they should be decoded
 950      * using the methods of class {@code Modifier}.
 951      *
 952      * <p> If the underlying class is an array class, then its
 953      * {@code public}, {@code private} and {@code protected}
 954      * modifiers are the same as those of its component type.  If this
 955      * {@code Class} represents a primitive type or void, its
 956      * {@code public} modifier is always {@code true}, and its
 957      * {@code protected} and {@code private} modifiers are always
 958      * {@code false}. If this object represents an array class, a
 959      * primitive type or void, then its {@code final} modifier is always
 960      * {@code true} and its interface modifier is always
 961      * {@code false}. The values of its other modifiers are not determined
 962      * by this specification.
 963      *
 964      * <p> The modifier encodings are defined in <em>The Java Virtual Machine
 965      * Specification</em>, table 4.1.
 966      *
 967      * @return the {@code int} representing the modifiers for this class
 968      * @see     java.lang.reflect.Modifier
 969      * @since 1.1
 970      */
 971     public native int getModifiers();
 972 
 973 
 974     /**
 975      * Gets the signers of this class.
 976      *
 977      * @return  the signers of this class, or null if there are no signers.  In
 978      *          particular, this method returns null if this object represents
 979      *          a primitive type or void.
 980      * @since   1.1
 981      */
 982     public native Object[] getSigners();
 983 
 984 
 985     /**
 986      * Set the signers of this class.
 987      */
 988     native void setSigners(Object[] signers);
 989 
 990 
 991     /**
 992      * If this {@code Class} object represents a local or anonymous
 993      * class within a method, returns a {@link
 994      * java.lang.reflect.Method Method} object representing the
 995      * immediately enclosing method of the underlying class. Returns
 996      * {@code null} otherwise.
 997      *
 998      * In particular, this method returns {@code null} if the underlying
 999      * class is a local or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type
1000      * declaration, instance initializer or static initializer.
1001      *
1002      * @return the immediately enclosing method of the underlying class, if
1003      *     that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise {@code null}.
1004      *
1005      * @throws SecurityException
1006      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1007      *         following conditions is met:
1008      *
1009      *         <ul>
1010      *
1011      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1012      *         class loader of the enclosing class and invocation of
1013      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1014      *         s.checkPermission} method with
1015      *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1016      *         denies access to the methods within the enclosing class
1017      *
1018      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1019      *         ancestor of the class loader for the enclosing class and
1020      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1021      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1022      *         of the enclosing class
1023      *
1024      *         </ul>
1025      * @since 1.5
1026      */
1027     @CallerSensitive
1028     public Method getEnclosingMethod() throws SecurityException {
1029         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1030 
1031         if (enclosingInfo == null)
1032             return null;
1033         else {
1034             if (!enclosingInfo.isMethod())
1035                 return null;
1036 
1037             MethodRepository typeInfo = MethodRepository.make(enclosingInfo.getDescriptor(),
1038                                                               getFactory());
1039             Class<?>   returnType       = toClass(typeInfo.getReturnType());
1040             Type []    parameterTypes   = typeInfo.getParameterTypes();
1041             Class<?>[] parameterClasses = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];
1042 
1043             // Convert Types to Classes; returned types *should*
1044             // be class objects since the methodDescriptor's used
1045             // don't have generics information
1046             for(int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++)
1047                 parameterClasses[i] = toClass(parameterTypes[i]);
1048 
1049             // Perform access check
1050             Class<?> enclosingCandidate = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1051             enclosingCandidate.checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED,
1052                                                  Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1053             /*
1054              * Loop over all declared methods; match method name,
1055              * number of and type of parameters, *and* return
1056              * type.  Matching return type is also necessary
1057              * because of covariant returns, etc.
1058              */
1059             for(Method m: enclosingCandidate.getDeclaredMethods()) {
1060                 if (m.getName().equals(enclosingInfo.getName()) ) {
1061                     Class<?>[] candidateParamClasses = m.getParameterTypes();
1062                     if (candidateParamClasses.length == parameterClasses.length) {
1063                         boolean matches = true;
1064                         for(int i = 0; i < candidateParamClasses.length; i++) {
1065                             if (!candidateParamClasses[i].equals(parameterClasses[i])) {
1066                                 matches = false;
1067                                 break;
1068                             }
1069                         }
1070 
1071                         if (matches) { // finally, check return type
1072                             if (m.getReturnType().equals(returnType) )
1073                                 return m;
1074                         }
1075                     }
1076                 }
1077             }
1078 
1079             throw new InternalError("Enclosing method not found");
1080         }
1081     }
1082 
1083     private native Object[] getEnclosingMethod0();
1084 
1085     private EnclosingMethodInfo getEnclosingMethodInfo() {
1086         Object[] enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethod0();
1087         if (enclosingInfo == null)
1088             return null;
1089         else {
1090             return new EnclosingMethodInfo(enclosingInfo);
1091         }
1092     }
1093 
1094     private final static class EnclosingMethodInfo {
1095         private Class<?> enclosingClass;
1096         private String name;
1097         private String descriptor;
1098 
1099         private EnclosingMethodInfo(Object[] enclosingInfo) {
1100             if (enclosingInfo.length != 3)
1101                 throw new InternalError("Malformed enclosing method information");
1102             try {
1103                 // The array is expected to have three elements:
1104 
1105                 // the immediately enclosing class
1106                 enclosingClass = (Class<?>) enclosingInfo[0];
1107                 assert(enclosingClass != null);
1108 
1109                 // the immediately enclosing method or constructor's
1110                 // name (can be null).
1111                 name            = (String)   enclosingInfo[1];
1112 
1113                 // the immediately enclosing method or constructor's
1114                 // descriptor (null iff name is).
1115                 descriptor      = (String)   enclosingInfo[2];
1116                 assert((name != null && descriptor != null) || name == descriptor);
1117             } catch (ClassCastException cce) {
1118                 throw new InternalError("Invalid type in enclosing method information", cce);
1119             }
1120         }
1121 
1122         boolean isPartial() {
1123             return enclosingClass == null || name == null || descriptor == null;
1124         }
1125 
1126         boolean isConstructor() { return !isPartial() && "<init>".equals(name); }
1127 
1128         boolean isMethod() { return !isPartial() && !isConstructor() && !"<clinit>".equals(name); }
1129 
1130         Class<?> getEnclosingClass() { return enclosingClass; }
1131 
1132         String getName() { return name; }
1133 
1134         String getDescriptor() { return descriptor; }
1135 
1136     }
1137 
1138     private static Class<?> toClass(Type o) {
1139         if (o instanceof GenericArrayType)
1140             return Array.newInstance(toClass(((GenericArrayType)o).getGenericComponentType()),
1141                                      0)
1142                 .getClass();
1143         return (Class<?>)o;
1144      }
1145 
1146     /**
1147      * If this {@code Class} object represents a local or anonymous
1148      * class within a constructor, returns a {@link
1149      * java.lang.reflect.Constructor Constructor} object representing
1150      * the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying
1151      * class. Returns {@code null} otherwise.  In particular, this
1152      * method returns {@code null} if the underlying class is a local
1153      * or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type declaration,
1154      * instance initializer or static initializer.
1155      *
1156      * @return the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying class, if
1157      *     that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise {@code null}.
1158      * @throws SecurityException
1159      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1160      *         following conditions is met:
1161      *
1162      *         <ul>
1163      *
1164      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1165      *         class loader of the enclosing class and invocation of
1166      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1167      *         s.checkPermission} method with
1168      *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1169      *         denies access to the constructors within the enclosing class
1170      *
1171      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1172      *         ancestor of the class loader for the enclosing class and
1173      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1174      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1175      *         of the enclosing class
1176      *
1177      *         </ul>
1178      * @since 1.5
1179      */
1180     @CallerSensitive
1181     public Constructor<?> getEnclosingConstructor() throws SecurityException {
1182         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1183 
1184         if (enclosingInfo == null)
1185             return null;
1186         else {
1187             if (!enclosingInfo.isConstructor())
1188                 return null;
1189 
1190             ConstructorRepository typeInfo = ConstructorRepository.make(enclosingInfo.getDescriptor(),
1191                                                                         getFactory());
1192             Type []    parameterTypes   = typeInfo.getParameterTypes();
1193             Class<?>[] parameterClasses = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];
1194 
1195             // Convert Types to Classes; returned types *should*
1196             // be class objects since the methodDescriptor's used
1197             // don't have generics information
1198             for(int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++)
1199                 parameterClasses[i] = toClass(parameterTypes[i]);
1200 
1201             // Perform access check
1202             Class<?> enclosingCandidate = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1203             enclosingCandidate.checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED,
1204                                                  Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1205             /*
1206              * Loop over all declared constructors; match number
1207              * of and type of parameters.
1208              */
1209             for(Constructor<?> c: enclosingCandidate.getDeclaredConstructors()) {
1210                 Class<?>[] candidateParamClasses = c.getParameterTypes();
1211                 if (candidateParamClasses.length == parameterClasses.length) {
1212                     boolean matches = true;
1213                     for(int i = 0; i < candidateParamClasses.length; i++) {
1214                         if (!candidateParamClasses[i].equals(parameterClasses[i])) {
1215                             matches = false;
1216                             break;
1217                         }
1218                     }
1219 
1220                     if (matches)
1221                         return c;
1222                 }
1223             }
1224 
1225             throw new InternalError("Enclosing constructor not found");
1226         }
1227     }
1228 
1229 
1230     /**
1231      * If the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object
1232      * is a member of another class, returns the {@code Class} object
1233      * representing the class in which it was declared.  This method returns
1234      * null if this class or interface is not a member of any other class.  If
1235      * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, a primitive
1236      * type, or void,then this method returns null.
1237      *
1238      * @return the declaring class for this class
1239      * @throws SecurityException
1240      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
1241      *         class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
1242      *         loader for the declaring class and invocation of {@link
1243      *         SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
1244      *         denies access to the package of the declaring class
1245      * @since 1.1
1246      */
1247     @CallerSensitive
1248     public Class<?> getDeclaringClass() throws SecurityException {
1249         final Class<?> candidate = getDeclaringClass0();
1250 
1251         if (candidate != null)
1252             candidate.checkPackageAccess(
1253                     ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
1254         return candidate;
1255     }
1256 
1257     private native Class<?> getDeclaringClass0();
1258 
1259 
1260     /**
1261      * Returns the immediately enclosing class of the underlying
1262      * class.  If the underlying class is a top level class this
1263      * method returns {@code null}.
1264      * @return the immediately enclosing class of the underlying class
1265      * @exception  SecurityException
1266      *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
1267      *             class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
1268      *             loader for the enclosing class and invocation of {@link
1269      *             SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
1270      *             denies access to the package of the enclosing class
1271      * @since 1.5
1272      */
1273     @CallerSensitive
1274     public Class<?> getEnclosingClass() throws SecurityException {
1275         // There are five kinds of classes (or interfaces):
1276         // a) Top level classes
1277         // b) Nested classes (static member classes)
1278         // c) Inner classes (non-static member classes)
1279         // d) Local classes (named classes declared within a method)
1280         // e) Anonymous classes
1281 
1282 
1283         // JVM Spec 4.8.6: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
1284         // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
1285         // anonymous class.
1286         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1287         Class<?> enclosingCandidate;
1288 
1289         if (enclosingInfo == null) {
1290             // This is a top level or a nested class or an inner class (a, b, or c)
1291             enclosingCandidate = getDeclaringClass();
1292         } else {
1293             Class<?> enclosingClass = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1294             // This is a local class or an anonymous class (d or e)
1295             if (enclosingClass == this || enclosingClass == null)
1296                 throw new InternalError("Malformed enclosing method information");
1297             else
1298                 enclosingCandidate = enclosingClass;
1299         }
1300 
1301         if (enclosingCandidate != null)
1302             enclosingCandidate.checkPackageAccess(
1303                     ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
1304         return enclosingCandidate;
1305     }
1306 
1307     /**
1308      * Returns the simple name of the underlying class as given in the
1309      * source code. Returns an empty string if the underlying class is
1310      * anonymous.
1311      *
1312      * <p>The simple name of an array is the simple name of the
1313      * component type with "[]" appended.  In particular the simple
1314      * name of an array whose component type is anonymous is "[]".
1315      *
1316      * @return the simple name of the underlying class
1317      * @since 1.5
1318      */
1319     public String getSimpleName() {
1320         if (isArray())
1321             return getComponentType().getSimpleName()+"[]";
1322 
1323         String simpleName = getSimpleBinaryName();
1324         if (simpleName == null) { // top level class
1325             simpleName = getName();
1326             return simpleName.substring(simpleName.lastIndexOf('.')+1); // strip the package name
1327         }
1328         // According to JLS3 "Binary Compatibility" (13.1) the binary
1329         // name of non-package classes (not top level) is the binary
1330         // name of the immediately enclosing class followed by a '$' followed by:
1331         // (for nested and inner classes): the simple name.
1332         // (for local classes): 1 or more digits followed by the simple name.
1333         // (for anonymous classes): 1 or more digits.
1334 
1335         // Since getSimpleBinaryName() will strip the binary name of
1336         // the immediately enclosing class, we are now looking at a
1337         // string that matches the regular expression "\$[0-9]*"
1338         // followed by a simple name (considering the simple of an
1339         // anonymous class to be the empty string).
1340 
1341         // Remove leading "\$[0-9]*" from the name
1342         int length = simpleName.length();
1343         if (length < 1 || simpleName.charAt(0) != '$')
1344             throw new InternalError("Malformed class name");
1345         int index = 1;
1346         while (index < length && isAsciiDigit(simpleName.charAt(index)))
1347             index++;
1348         // Eventually, this is the empty string iff this is an anonymous class
1349         return simpleName.substring(index);
1350     }
1351 
1352     /**
1353      * Return an informative string for the name of this type.
1354      *
1355      * @return an informative string for the name of this type
1356      * @since 1.8
1357      */
1358     public String getTypeName() {
1359         if (isArray()) {
1360             try {
1361                 Class<?> cl = this;
1362                 int dimensions = 0;
1363                 while (cl.isArray()) {
1364                     dimensions++;
1365                     cl = cl.getComponentType();
1366                 }
1367                 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
1368                 sb.append(cl.getName());
1369                 for (int i = 0; i < dimensions; i++) {
1370                     sb.append("[]");
1371                 }
1372                 return sb.toString();
1373             } catch (Throwable e) { /*FALLTHRU*/ }
1374         }
1375         return getName();
1376     }
1377 
1378     /**
1379      * Character.isDigit answers {@code true} to some non-ascii
1380      * digits.  This one does not.
1381      */
1382     private static boolean isAsciiDigit(char c) {
1383         return '0' <= c && c <= '9';
1384     }
1385 
1386     /**
1387      * Returns the canonical name of the underlying class as
1388      * defined by the Java Language Specification.  Returns null if
1389      * the underlying class does not have a canonical name (i.e., if
1390      * it is a local or anonymous class or an array whose component
1391      * type does not have a canonical name).
1392      * @return the canonical name of the underlying class if it exists, and
1393      * {@code null} otherwise.
1394      * @since 1.5
1395      */
1396     public String getCanonicalName() {
1397         if (isArray()) {
1398             String canonicalName = getComponentType().getCanonicalName();
1399             if (canonicalName != null)
1400                 return canonicalName + "[]";
1401             else
1402                 return null;
1403         }
1404         if (isLocalOrAnonymousClass())
1405             return null;
1406         Class<?> enclosingClass = getEnclosingClass();
1407         if (enclosingClass == null) { // top level class
1408             return getName();
1409         } else {
1410             String enclosingName = enclosingClass.getCanonicalName();
1411             if (enclosingName == null)
1412                 return null;
1413             return enclosingName + "." + getSimpleName();
1414         }
1415     }
1416 
1417     /**
1418      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
1419      * is an anonymous class.
1420      *
1421      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is an anonymous class.
1422      * @since 1.5
1423      */
1424     public boolean isAnonymousClass() {
1425         return "".equals(getSimpleName());
1426     }
1427 
1428     /**
1429      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
1430      * is a local class.
1431      *
1432      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a local class.
1433      * @since 1.5
1434      */
1435     public boolean isLocalClass() {
1436         return isLocalOrAnonymousClass() && !isAnonymousClass();
1437     }
1438 
1439     /**
1440      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
1441      * is a member class.
1442      *
1443      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a member class.
1444      * @since 1.5
1445      */
1446     public boolean isMemberClass() {
1447         return getSimpleBinaryName() != null && !isLocalOrAnonymousClass();
1448     }
1449 
1450     /**
1451      * Returns the "simple binary name" of the underlying class, i.e.,
1452      * the binary name without the leading enclosing class name.
1453      * Returns {@code null} if the underlying class is a top level
1454      * class.
1455      */
1456     private String getSimpleBinaryName() {
1457         Class<?> enclosingClass = getEnclosingClass();
1458         if (enclosingClass == null) // top level class
1459             return null;
1460         // Otherwise, strip the enclosing class' name
1461         try {
1462             return getName().substring(enclosingClass.getName().length());
1463         } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
1464             throw new InternalError("Malformed class name", ex);
1465         }
1466     }
1467 
1468     /**
1469      * Returns {@code true} if this is a local class or an anonymous
1470      * class.  Returns {@code false} otherwise.
1471      */
1472     private boolean isLocalOrAnonymousClass() {
1473         // JVM Spec 4.8.6: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
1474         // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
1475         // anonymous class.
1476         return getEnclosingMethodInfo() != null;
1477     }
1478 
1479     /**
1480      * Returns an array containing {@code Class} objects representing all
1481      * the public classes and interfaces that are members of the class
1482      * represented by this {@code Class} object.  This includes public
1483      * class and interface members inherited from superclasses and public class
1484      * and interface members declared by the class.  This method returns an
1485      * array of length 0 if this {@code Class} object has no public member
1486      * classes or interfaces.  This method also returns an array of length 0 if
1487      * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, an array
1488      * class, or void.
1489      *
1490      * @return the array of {@code Class} objects representing the public
1491      *         members of this class
1492      * @throws SecurityException
1493      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1494      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1495      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1496      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1497      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1498      *         of this class.
1499      *
1500      * @since 1.1
1501      */
1502     @CallerSensitive
1503     public Class<?>[] getClasses() {
1504         checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
1505 
1506         // Privileged so this implementation can look at DECLARED classes,
1507         // something the caller might not have privilege to do.  The code here
1508         // is allowed to look at DECLARED classes because (1) it does not hand
1509         // out anything other than public members and (2) public member access
1510         // has already been ok'd by the SecurityManager.
1511 
1512         return java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
1513             new java.security.PrivilegedAction<Class<?>[]>() {
1514                 public Class<?>[] run() {
1515                     List<Class<?>> list = new ArrayList<>();
1516                     Class<?> currentClass = Class.this;
1517                     while (currentClass != null) {
1518                         for (Class<?> m : currentClass.getDeclaredClasses()) {
1519                             if (Modifier.isPublic(m.getModifiers())) {
1520                                 list.add(m);
1521                             }
1522                         }
1523                         currentClass = currentClass.getSuperclass();
1524                     }
1525                     return list.toArray(new Class<?>[0]);
1526                 }
1527             });
1528     }
1529 
1530 
1531     /**
1532      * Returns an array containing {@code Field} objects reflecting all
1533      * the accessible public fields of the class or interface represented by
1534      * this {@code Class} object.
1535      *
1536      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
1537      * no accessible public fields, then this method returns an array of length
1538      * 0.
1539      *
1540      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class, then this method
1541      * returns the public fields of the class and of all its superclasses.
1542      *
1543      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, then this
1544      * method returns the fields of the interface and of all its
1545      * superinterfaces.
1546      *
1547      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
1548      * type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0.
1549      *
1550      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
1551      * particular order.
1552      *
1553      * @return the array of {@code Field} objects representing the
1554      *         public fields
1555      * @throws SecurityException
1556      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1557      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1558      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1559      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1560      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1561      *         of this class.
1562      *
1563      * @since 1.1
1564      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
1565      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
1566      */
1567     @CallerSensitive
1568     public Field[] getFields() throws SecurityException {
1569         checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1570         return copyFields(privateGetPublicFields(null));
1571     }
1572 
1573 
1574     /**
1575      * Returns an array containing {@code Method} objects reflecting all the
1576      * public methods of the class or interface represented by this {@code
1577      * Class} object, including those declared by the class or interface and
1578      * those inherited from superclasses and superinterfaces.
1579      *
1580      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type that has multiple
1581      * public methods with the same name and parameter types, but different
1582      * return types, then the returned array has a {@code Method} object for
1583      * each such method.
1584      *
1585      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type with a class
1586      * initialization method {@code <clinit>}, then the returned array does
1587      * <em>not</em> have a corresponding {@code Method} object.
1588      *
1589      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then the
1590      * returned array has a {@code Method} object for each of the public
1591      * methods inherited by the array type from {@code Object}. It does not
1592      * contain a {@code Method} object for {@code clone()}.
1593      *
1594      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface then the
1595      * returned array does not contain any implicitly declared methods from
1596      * {@code Object}. Therefore, if no methods are explicitly declared in
1597      * this interface or any of its superinterfaces then the returned array
1598      * has length 0. (Note that a {@code Class} object which represents a class
1599      * always has public methods, inherited from {@code Object}.)
1600      *
1601      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or void,
1602      * then the returned array has length 0.
1603      *
1604      * <p> Static methods declared in superinterfaces of the class or interface
1605      * represented by this {@code Class} object are not considered members of
1606      * the class or interface.
1607      *
1608      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
1609      * particular order.
1610      *
1611      * @return the array of {@code Method} objects representing the
1612      *         public methods of this class
1613      * @throws SecurityException
1614      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1615      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1616      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1617      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1618      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1619      *         of this class.
1620      *
1621      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
1622      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
1623      * @since 1.1
1624      */
1625     @CallerSensitive
1626     public Method[] getMethods() throws SecurityException {
1627         checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1628         return copyMethods(privateGetPublicMethods());
1629     }
1630 
1631 
1632     /**
1633      * Returns an array containing {@code Constructor} objects reflecting
1634      * all the public constructors of the class represented by this
1635      * {@code Class} object.  An array of length 0 is returned if the
1636      * class has no public constructors, or if the class is an array class, or
1637      * if the class reflects a primitive type or void.
1638      *
1639      * Note that while this method returns an array of {@code
1640      * Constructor<T>} objects (that is an array of constructors from
1641      * this class), the return type of this method is {@code
1642      * Constructor<?>[]} and <em>not</em> {@code Constructor<T>[]} as
1643      * might be expected.  This less informative return type is
1644      * necessary since after being returned from this method, the
1645      * array could be modified to hold {@code Constructor} objects for
1646      * different classes, which would violate the type guarantees of
1647      * {@code Constructor<T>[]}.
1648      *
1649      * @return the array of {@code Constructor} objects representing the
1650      *         public constructors of this class
1651      * @throws SecurityException
1652      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1653      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1654      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1655      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1656      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1657      *         of this class.
1658      *
1659      * @since 1.1
1660      */
1661     @CallerSensitive
1662     public Constructor<?>[] getConstructors() throws SecurityException {
1663         checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1664         return copyConstructors(privateGetDeclaredConstructors(true));
1665     }
1666 
1667 
1668     /**
1669      * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified public member
1670      * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
1671      * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} specifying the
1672      * simple name of the desired field.
1673      *
1674      * <p> The field to be reflected is determined by the algorithm that
1675      * follows.  Let C be the class or interface represented by this object:
1676      *
1677      * <OL>
1678      * <LI> If C declares a public field with the name specified, that is the
1679      *      field to be reflected.</LI>
1680      * <LI> If no field was found in step 1 above, this algorithm is applied
1681      *      recursively to each direct superinterface of C. The direct
1682      *      superinterfaces are searched in the order they were declared.</LI>
1683      * <LI> If no field was found in steps 1 and 2 above, and C has a
1684      *      superclass S, then this algorithm is invoked recursively upon S.
1685      *      If C has no superclass, then a {@code NoSuchFieldException}
1686      *      is thrown.</LI>
1687      * </OL>
1688      *
1689      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
1690      * method does not find the {@code length} field of the array type.
1691      *
1692      * @param name the field name
1693      * @return the {@code Field} object of this class specified by
1694      *         {@code name}
1695      * @throws NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
1696      *         not found.
1697      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
1698      * @throws SecurityException
1699      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1700      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1701      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1702      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1703      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1704      *         of this class.
1705      *
1706      * @since 1.1
1707      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
1708      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
1709      */
1710     @CallerSensitive
1711     public Field getField(String name)
1712         throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
1713         checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1714         Field field = getField0(name);
1715         if (field == null) {
1716             throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
1717         }
1718         return getReflectionFactory().copyField(field);
1719     }
1720 
1721 
1722     /**
1723      * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified public
1724      * member method of the class or interface represented by this
1725      * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
1726      * {@code String} specifying the simple name of the desired method. The
1727      * {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of {@code Class}
1728      * objects that identify the method's formal parameter types, in declared
1729      * order. If {@code parameterTypes} is {@code null}, it is
1730      * treated as if it were an empty array.
1731      *
1732      * <p> If the {@code name} is "{@code <init>}" or "{@code <clinit>}" a
1733      * {@code NoSuchMethodException} is raised. Otherwise, the method to
1734      * be reflected is determined by the algorithm that follows.  Let C be the
1735      * class or interface represented by this object:
1736      * <OL>
1737      * <LI> C is searched for a <I>matching method</I>, as defined below. If a
1738      *      matching method is found, it is reflected.</LI>
1739      * <LI> If no matching method is found by step 1 then:
1740      *   <OL TYPE="a">
1741      *   <LI> If C is a class other than {@code Object}, then this algorithm is
1742      *        invoked recursively on the superclass of C.</LI>
1743      *   <LI> If C is the class {@code Object}, or if C is an interface, then
1744      *        the superinterfaces of C (if any) are searched for a matching
1745      *        method. If any such method is found, it is reflected.</LI>
1746      *   </OL></LI>
1747      * </OL>
1748      *
1749      * <p> To find a matching method in a class or interface C:&nbsp; If C
1750      * declares exactly one public method with the specified name and exactly
1751      * the same formal parameter types, that is the method reflected. If more
1752      * than one such method is found in C, and one of these methods has a
1753      * return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is
1754      * reflected; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily.
1755      *
1756      * <p>Note that there may be more than one matching method in a
1757      * class because while the Java language forbids a class to
1758      * declare multiple methods with the same signature but different
1759      * return types, the Java virtual machine does not.  This
1760      * increased flexibility in the virtual machine can be used to
1761      * implement various language features.  For example, covariant
1762      * returns can be implemented with {@linkplain
1763      * java.lang.reflect.Method#isBridge bridge methods}; the bridge
1764      * method and the method being overridden would have the same
1765      * signature but different return types.
1766      *
1767      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
1768      * method does not find the {@code clone()} method.
1769      *
1770      * <p> Static methods declared in superinterfaces of the class or interface
1771      * represented by this {@code Class} object are not considered members of
1772      * the class or interface.
1773      *
1774      * @param name the name of the method
1775      * @param parameterTypes the list of parameters
1776      * @return the {@code Method} object that matches the specified
1777      *         {@code name} and {@code parameterTypes}
1778      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found
1779      *         or if the name is "&lt;init&gt;"or "&lt;clinit&gt;".
1780      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
1781      * @throws SecurityException
1782      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1783      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1784      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1785      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1786      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1787      *         of this class.
1788      *
1789      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
1790      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
1791      * @since 1.1
1792      */
1793     @CallerSensitive
1794     public Method getMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
1795         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
1796         checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1797         Method method = getMethod0(name, parameterTypes, true);
1798         if (method == null) {
1799             throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + "." + name + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
1800         }
1801         return getReflectionFactory().copyMethod(method);
1802     }
1803 
1804 
1805     /**
1806      * Returns a {@code Constructor} object that reflects the specified
1807      * public constructor of the class represented by this {@code Class}
1808      * object. The {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
1809      * {@code Class} objects that identify the constructor's formal
1810      * parameter types, in declared order.
1811      *
1812      * If this {@code Class} object represents an inner class
1813      * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
1814      * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
1815      *
1816      * <p> The constructor to reflect is the public constructor of the class
1817      * represented by this {@code Class} object whose formal parameter
1818      * types match those specified by {@code parameterTypes}.
1819      *
1820      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
1821      * @return the {@code Constructor} object of the public constructor that
1822      *         matches the specified {@code parameterTypes}
1823      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
1824      * @throws SecurityException
1825      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1826      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1827      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1828      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1829      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1830      *         of this class.
1831      *
1832      * @since 1.1
1833      */
1834     @CallerSensitive
1835     public Constructor<T> getConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
1836         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
1837         checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1838         return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(
1839             getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.PUBLIC));
1840     }
1841 
1842 
1843     /**
1844      * Returns an array of {@code Class} objects reflecting all the
1845      * classes and interfaces declared as members of the class represented by
1846      * this {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
1847      * (package) access, and private classes and interfaces declared by the
1848      * class, but excludes inherited classes and interfaces.  This method
1849      * returns an array of length 0 if the class declares no classes or
1850      * interfaces as members, or if this {@code Class} object represents a
1851      * primitive type, an array class, or void.
1852      *
1853      * @return the array of {@code Class} objects representing all the
1854      *         declared members of this class
1855      * @throws SecurityException
1856      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1857      *         following conditions is met:
1858      *
1859      *         <ul>
1860      *
1861      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1862      *         class loader of this class and invocation of
1863      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1864      *         s.checkPermission} method with
1865      *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1866      *         denies access to the declared classes within this class
1867      *
1868      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1869      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1870      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1871      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1872      *         of this class
1873      *
1874      *         </ul>
1875      *
1876      * @since 1.1
1877      */
1878     @CallerSensitive
1879     public Class<?>[] getDeclaredClasses() throws SecurityException {
1880         checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
1881         return getDeclaredClasses0();
1882     }
1883 
1884 
1885     /**
1886      * Returns an array of {@code Field} objects reflecting all the fields
1887      * declared by the class or interface represented by this
1888      * {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
1889      * (package) access, and private fields, but excludes inherited fields.
1890      *
1891      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
1892      * declared fields, then this method returns an array of length 0.
1893      *
1894      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
1895      * type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0.
1896      *
1897      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
1898      * particular order.
1899      *
1900      * @return  the array of {@code Field} objects representing all the
1901      *          declared fields of this class
1902      * @throws  SecurityException
1903      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1904      *          following conditions is met:
1905      *
1906      *          <ul>
1907      *
1908      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1909      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
1910      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1911      *          s.checkPermission} method with
1912      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1913      *          denies access to the declared fields within this class
1914      *
1915      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1916      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1917      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1918      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1919      *          of this class
1920      *
1921      *          </ul>
1922      *
1923      * @since 1.1
1924      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
1925      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
1926      */
1927     @CallerSensitive
1928     public Field[] getDeclaredFields() throws SecurityException {
1929         checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1930         return copyFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false));
1931     }
1932 
1933 
1934     /**
1935      *
1936      * Returns an array containing {@code Method} objects reflecting all the
1937      * declared methods of the class or interface represented by this {@code
1938      * Class} object, including public, protected, default (package)
1939      * access, and private methods, but excluding inherited methods.
1940      *
1941      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type that has multiple
1942      * declared methods with the same name and parameter types, but different
1943      * return types, then the returned array has a {@code Method} object for
1944      * each such method.
1945      *
1946      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type that has a class
1947      * initialization method {@code <clinit>}, then the returned array does
1948      * <em>not</em> have a corresponding {@code Method} object.
1949      *
1950      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
1951      * declared methods, then the returned array has length 0.
1952      *
1953      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
1954      * type, or void, then the returned array has length 0.
1955      *
1956      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
1957      * particular order.
1958      *
1959      * @return  the array of {@code Method} objects representing all the
1960      *          declared methods of this class
1961      * @throws  SecurityException
1962      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1963      *          following conditions is met:
1964      *
1965      *          <ul>
1966      *
1967      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1968      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
1969      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1970      *          s.checkPermission} method with
1971      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1972      *          denies access to the declared methods within this class
1973      *
1974      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1975      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1976      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1977      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1978      *          of this class
1979      *
1980      *          </ul>
1981      *
1982      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
1983      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
1984      * @since 1.1
1985      */
1986     @CallerSensitive
1987     public Method[] getDeclaredMethods() throws SecurityException {
1988         checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1989         return copyMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false));
1990     }
1991 
1992 
1993     /**
1994      * Returns an array of {@code Constructor} objects reflecting all the
1995      * constructors declared by the class represented by this
1996      * {@code Class} object. These are public, protected, default
1997      * (package) access, and private constructors.  The elements in the array
1998      * returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order.  If the
1999      * class has a default constructor, it is included in the returned array.
2000      * This method returns an array of length 0 if this {@code Class}
2001      * object represents an interface, a primitive type, an array class, or
2002      * void.
2003      *
2004      * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, section 8.2.
2005      *
2006      * @return  the array of {@code Constructor} objects representing all the
2007      *          declared constructors of this class
2008      * @throws  SecurityException
2009      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2010      *          following conditions is met:
2011      *
2012      *          <ul>
2013      *
2014      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2015      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2016      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2017      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2018      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2019      *          denies access to the declared constructors within this class
2020      *
2021      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2022      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2023      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2024      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2025      *          of this class
2026      *
2027      *          </ul>
2028      *
2029      * @since 1.1
2030      */
2031     @CallerSensitive
2032     public Constructor<?>[] getDeclaredConstructors() throws SecurityException {
2033         checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2034         return copyConstructors(privateGetDeclaredConstructors(false));
2035     }
2036 
2037 
2038     /**
2039      * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified declared
2040      * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
2041      * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} that specifies
2042      * the simple name of the desired field.
2043      *
2044      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2045      * method does not find the {@code length} field of the array type.
2046      *
2047      * @param name the name of the field
2048      * @return  the {@code Field} object for the specified field in this
2049      *          class
2050      * @throws  NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
2051      *          not found.
2052      * @throws  NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2053      * @throws  SecurityException
2054      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2055      *          following conditions is met:
2056      *
2057      *          <ul>
2058      *
2059      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2060      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2061      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2062      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2063      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2064      *          denies access to the declared field
2065      *
2066      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2067      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2068      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2069      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2070      *          of this class
2071      *
2072      *          </ul>
2073      *
2074      * @since 1.1
2075      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2076      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
2077      */
2078     @CallerSensitive
2079     public Field getDeclaredField(String name)
2080         throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
2081         checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2082         Field field = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false), name);
2083         if (field == null) {
2084             throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
2085         }
2086         return getReflectionFactory().copyField(field);
2087     }
2088 
2089 
2090     /**
2091      * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified
2092      * declared method of the class or interface represented by this
2093      * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
2094      * {@code String} that specifies the simple name of the desired
2095      * method, and the {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
2096      * {@code Class} objects that identify the method's formal parameter
2097      * types, in declared order.  If more than one method with the same
2098      * parameter types is declared in a class, and one of these methods has a
2099      * return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is
2100      * returned; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily.  If the
2101      * name is "&lt;init&gt;"or "&lt;clinit&gt;" a {@code NoSuchMethodException}
2102      * is raised.
2103      *
2104      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2105      * method does not find the {@code clone()} method.
2106      *
2107      * @param name the name of the method
2108      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2109      * @return  the {@code Method} object for the method of this class
2110      *          matching the specified name and parameters
2111      * @throws  NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
2112      * @throws  NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2113      * @throws  SecurityException
2114      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2115      *          following conditions is met:
2116      *
2117      *          <ul>
2118      *
2119      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2120      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2121      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2122      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2123      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2124      *          denies access to the declared method
2125      *
2126      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2127      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2128      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2129      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2130      *          of this class
2131      *
2132      *          </ul>
2133      *
2134      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2135      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2136      * @since 1.1
2137      */
2138     @CallerSensitive
2139     public Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2140         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
2141         checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2142         Method method = searchMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false), name, parameterTypes);
2143         if (method == null) {
2144             throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + "." + name + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
2145         }
2146         return getReflectionFactory().copyMethod(method);
2147     }
2148 
2149 
2150     /**
2151      * Returns a {@code Constructor} object that reflects the specified
2152      * constructor of the class or interface represented by this
2153      * {@code Class} object.  The {@code parameterTypes} parameter is
2154      * an array of {@code Class} objects that identify the constructor's
2155      * formal parameter types, in declared order.
2156      *
2157      * If this {@code Class} object represents an inner class
2158      * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
2159      * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
2160      *
2161      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2162      * @return  The {@code Constructor} object for the constructor with the
2163      *          specified parameter list
2164      * @throws  NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
2165      * @throws  SecurityException
2166      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2167      *          following conditions is met:
2168      *
2169      *          <ul>
2170      *
2171      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2172      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2173      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2174      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2175      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2176      *          denies access to the declared constructor
2177      *
2178      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2179      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2180      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2181      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2182      *          of this class
2183      *
2184      *          </ul>
2185      *
2186      * @since 1.1
2187      */
2188     @CallerSensitive
2189     public Constructor<T> getDeclaredConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2190         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
2191         checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2192         return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(
2193             getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.DECLARED));
2194     }
2195 
2196     /**
2197      * Finds a resource with a given name.  The rules for searching resources
2198      * associated with a given class are implemented by the defining
2199      * {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class.  This method
2200      * delegates to this object's class loader.  If this object was loaded by
2201      * the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to {@link
2202      * ClassLoader#getSystemResourceAsStream}.
2203      *
2204      * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
2205      * given resource name using this algorithm:
2206      *
2207      * <ul>
2208      *
2209      * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}
2210      * (<tt>'\u002f'</tt>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
2211      * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.
2212      *
2213      * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
2214      *
2215      * <blockquote>
2216      *   {@code modified_package_name/name}
2217      * </blockquote>
2218      *
2219      * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this
2220      * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}
2221      * (<tt>'\u002e'</tt>).
2222      *
2223      * </ul>
2224      *
2225      * @param  name name of the desired resource
2226      * @return      A {@link java.io.InputStream} object or {@code null} if
2227      *              no resource with this name is found
2228      * @throws  NullPointerException If {@code name} is {@code null}
2229      * @since  1.1
2230      */
2231      public InputStream getResourceAsStream(String name) {
2232         name = resolveName(name);
2233         ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2234         if (cl==null) {
2235             // A system class.
2236             return ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream(name);
2237         }
2238         return cl.getResourceAsStream(name);
2239     }
2240 
2241     /**
2242      * Finds a resource with a given name.  The rules for searching resources
2243      * associated with a given class are implemented by the defining
2244      * {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class.  This method
2245      * delegates to this object's class loader.  If this object was loaded by
2246      * the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to {@link
2247      * ClassLoader#getSystemResource}.
2248      *
2249      * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
2250      * given resource name using this algorithm:
2251      *
2252      * <ul>
2253      *
2254      * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}
2255      * (<tt>'\u002f'</tt>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
2256      * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.
2257      *
2258      * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
2259      *
2260      * <blockquote>
2261      *   {@code modified_package_name/name}
2262      * </blockquote>
2263      *
2264      * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this
2265      * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}
2266      * (<tt>'\u002e'</tt>).
2267      *
2268      * </ul>
2269      *
2270      * @param  name name of the desired resource
2271      * @return      A  {@link java.net.URL} object or {@code null} if no
2272      *              resource with this name is found
2273      * @since  1.1
2274      */
2275     public java.net.URL getResource(String name) {
2276         name = resolveName(name);
2277         ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2278         if (cl==null) {
2279             // A system class.
2280             return ClassLoader.getSystemResource(name);
2281         }
2282         return cl.getResource(name);
2283     }
2284 
2285 
2286 
2287     /** protection domain returned when the internal domain is null */
2288     private static java.security.ProtectionDomain allPermDomain;
2289 
2290 
2291     /**
2292      * Returns the {@code ProtectionDomain} of this class.  If there is a
2293      * security manager installed, this method first calls the security
2294      * manager's {@code checkPermission} method with a
2295      * {@code RuntimePermission("getProtectionDomain")} permission to
2296      * ensure it's ok to get the
2297      * {@code ProtectionDomain}.
2298      *
2299      * @return the ProtectionDomain of this class
2300      *
2301      * @throws SecurityException
2302      *        if a security manager exists and its
2303      *        {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow
2304      *        getting the ProtectionDomain.
2305      *
2306      * @see java.security.ProtectionDomain
2307      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
2308      * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
2309      * @since 1.2
2310      */
2311     public java.security.ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain() {
2312         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2313         if (sm != null) {
2314             sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.GET_PD_PERMISSION);
2315         }
2316         java.security.ProtectionDomain pd = getProtectionDomain0();
2317         if (pd == null) {
2318             if (allPermDomain == null) {
2319                 java.security.Permissions perms =
2320                     new java.security.Permissions();
2321                 perms.add(SecurityConstants.ALL_PERMISSION);
2322                 allPermDomain =
2323                     new java.security.ProtectionDomain(null, perms);
2324             }
2325             pd = allPermDomain;
2326         }
2327         return pd;
2328     }
2329 
2330 
2331     /**
2332      * Returns the ProtectionDomain of this class.
2333      */
2334     private native java.security.ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain0();
2335 
2336     /*
2337      * Return the Virtual Machine's Class object for the named
2338      * primitive type.
2339      */
2340     static native Class<?> getPrimitiveClass(String name);
2341 
2342     /*
2343      * Check if client is allowed to access members.  If access is denied,
2344      * throw a SecurityException.
2345      *
2346      * This method also enforces package access.
2347      *
2348      * <p> Default policy: allow all clients access with normal Java access
2349      * control.
2350      */
2351     private void checkMemberAccess(int which, Class<?> caller, boolean checkProxyInterfaces) {
2352         final SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
2353         if (s != null) {
2354             /* Default policy allows access to all {@link Member#PUBLIC} members,
2355              * as well as access to classes that have the same class loader as the caller.
2356              * In all other cases, it requires RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")
2357              * permission.
2358              */
2359             final ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller);
2360             final ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2361             if (which != Member.PUBLIC) {
2362                 if (ccl != cl) {
2363                     s.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.CHECK_MEMBER_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
2364                 }
2365             }
2366             this.checkPackageAccess(ccl, checkProxyInterfaces);
2367         }
2368     }
2369 
2370     /*
2371      * Checks if a client loaded in ClassLoader ccl is allowed to access this
2372      * class under the current package access policy. If access is denied,
2373      * throw a SecurityException.
2374      */
2375     private void checkPackageAccess(final ClassLoader ccl, boolean checkProxyInterfaces) {
2376         final SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
2377         if (s != null) {
2378             final ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2379 
2380             if (ReflectUtil.needsPackageAccessCheck(ccl, cl)) {
2381                 String name = this.getName();
2382                 int i = name.lastIndexOf('.');
2383                 if (i != -1) {
2384                     // skip the package access check on a proxy class in default proxy package
2385                     String pkg = name.substring(0, i);
2386                     if (!Proxy.isProxyClass(this) || ReflectUtil.isNonPublicProxyClass(this)) {
2387                         s.checkPackageAccess(pkg);
2388                     }
2389                 }
2390             }
2391             // check package access on the proxy interfaces
2392             if (checkProxyInterfaces && Proxy.isProxyClass(this)) {
2393                 ReflectUtil.checkProxyPackageAccess(ccl, this.getInterfaces());
2394             }
2395         }
2396     }
2397 
2398     /**
2399      * Add a package name prefix if the name is not absolute Remove leading "/"
2400      * if name is absolute
2401      */
2402     private String resolveName(String name) {
2403         if (name == null) {
2404             return name;
2405         }
2406         if (!name.startsWith("/")) {
2407             Class<?> c = this;
2408             while (c.isArray()) {
2409                 c = c.getComponentType();
2410             }
2411             String baseName = c.getName();
2412             int index = baseName.lastIndexOf('.');
2413             if (index != -1) {
2414                 name = baseName.substring(0, index).replace('.', '/')
2415                     +"/"+name;
2416             }
2417         } else {
2418             name = name.substring(1);
2419         }
2420         return name;
2421     }
2422 
2423     /**
2424      * Atomic operations support.
2425      */
2426     private static class Atomic {
2427         // initialize Unsafe machinery here, since we need to call Class.class instance method
2428         // and have to avoid calling it in the static initializer of the Class class...
2429         private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
2430         // offset of Class.reflectionData instance field
2431         private static final long reflectionDataOffset;
2432         // offset of Class.annotationType instance field
2433         private static final long annotationTypeOffset;
2434         // offset of Class.annotationData instance field
2435         private static final long annotationDataOffset;
2436 
2437         static {
2438             Field[] fields = Class.class.getDeclaredFields0(false); // bypass caches
2439             reflectionDataOffset = objectFieldOffset(fields, "reflectionData");
2440             annotationTypeOffset = objectFieldOffset(fields, "annotationType");
2441             annotationDataOffset = objectFieldOffset(fields, "annotationData");
2442         }
2443 
2444         private static long objectFieldOffset(Field[] fields, String fieldName) {
2445             Field field = searchFields(fields, fieldName);
2446             if (field == null) {
2447                 throw new Error("No " + fieldName + " field found in java.lang.Class");
2448             }
2449             return unsafe.objectFieldOffset(field);
2450         }
2451 
2452         static <T> boolean casReflectionData(Class<?> clazz,
2453                                              SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> oldData,
2454                                              SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> newData) {
2455             return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(clazz, reflectionDataOffset, oldData, newData);
2456         }
2457 
2458         static <T> boolean casAnnotationType(Class<?> clazz,
2459                                              AnnotationType oldType,
2460                                              AnnotationType newType) {
2461             return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(clazz, annotationTypeOffset, oldType, newType);
2462         }
2463 
2464         static <T> boolean casAnnotationData(Class<?> clazz,
2465                                              AnnotationData oldData,
2466                                              AnnotationData newData) {
2467             return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(clazz, annotationDataOffset, oldData, newData);
2468         }
2469     }
2470 
2471     /**
2472      * Reflection support.
2473      */
2474 
2475     // Caches for certain reflective results
2476     private static boolean useCaches = true;
2477 
2478     // reflection data that might get invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called
2479     private static class ReflectionData<T> {
2480         volatile Field[] declaredFields;
2481         volatile Field[] publicFields;
2482         volatile Method[] declaredMethods;
2483         volatile Method[] publicMethods;
2484         volatile Constructor<T>[] declaredConstructors;
2485         volatile Constructor<T>[] publicConstructors;
2486         // Intermediate results for getFields and getMethods
2487         volatile Field[] declaredPublicFields;
2488         volatile Method[] declaredPublicMethods;
2489         volatile Class<?>[] interfaces;
2490 
2491         // Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this ReflectionData instance
2492         final int redefinedCount;
2493 
2494         ReflectionData(int redefinedCount) {
2495             this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount;
2496         }
2497     }
2498 
2499     private volatile transient SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> reflectionData;
2500 
2501     // Incremented by the VM on each call to JVM TI RedefineClasses()
2502     // that redefines this class or a superclass.
2503     private volatile transient int classRedefinedCount = 0;
2504 
2505     // Lazily create and cache ReflectionData
2506     private ReflectionData<T> reflectionData() {
2507         SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> reflectionData = this.reflectionData;
2508         int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
2509         ReflectionData<T> rd;
2510         if (useCaches &&
2511             reflectionData != null &&
2512             (rd = reflectionData.get()) != null &&
2513             rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
2514             return rd;
2515         }
2516         // else no SoftReference or cleared SoftReference or stale ReflectionData
2517         // -> create and replace new instance
2518         return newReflectionData(reflectionData, classRedefinedCount);
2519     }
2520 
2521     private ReflectionData<T> newReflectionData(SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> oldReflectionData,
2522                                                 int classRedefinedCount) {
2523         if (!useCaches) return null;
2524 
2525         while (true) {
2526             ReflectionData<T> rd = new ReflectionData<>(classRedefinedCount);
2527             // try to CAS it...
2528             if (Atomic.casReflectionData(this, oldReflectionData, new SoftReference<>(rd))) {
2529                 return rd;
2530             }
2531             // else retry
2532             oldReflectionData = this.reflectionData;
2533             classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
2534             if (oldReflectionData != null &&
2535                 (rd = oldReflectionData.get()) != null &&
2536                 rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
2537                 return rd;
2538             }
2539         }
2540     }
2541 
2542     // Generic signature handling
2543     private native String getGenericSignature0();
2544 
2545     // Generic info repository; lazily initialized
2546     private volatile transient ClassRepository genericInfo;
2547 
2548     // accessor for factory
2549     private GenericsFactory getFactory() {
2550         // create scope and factory
2551         return CoreReflectionFactory.make(this, ClassScope.make(this));
2552     }
2553 
2554     // accessor for generic info repository;
2555     // generic info is lazily initialized
2556     private ClassRepository getGenericInfo() {
2557         ClassRepository genericInfo = this.genericInfo;
2558         if (genericInfo == null) {
2559             String signature = getGenericSignature0();
2560             if (signature == null) {
2561                 genericInfo = ClassRepository.NONE;
2562             } else {
2563                 genericInfo = ClassRepository.make(signature, getFactory());
2564             }
2565             this.genericInfo = genericInfo;
2566         }
2567         return (genericInfo != ClassRepository.NONE) ? genericInfo : null;
2568     }
2569 
2570     // Annotations handling
2571     native byte[] getRawAnnotations();
2572     // Since 1.8
2573     native byte[] getRawTypeAnnotations();
2574     static byte[] getExecutableTypeAnnotationBytes(Executable ex) {
2575         return getReflectionFactory().getExecutableTypeAnnotationBytes(ex);
2576     }
2577 
2578     native ConstantPool getConstantPool();
2579 
2580     //
2581     //
2582     // java.lang.reflect.Field handling
2583     //
2584     //
2585 
2586     // Returns an array of "root" fields. These Field objects must NOT
2587     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
2588     // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
2589     private Field[] privateGetDeclaredFields(boolean publicOnly) {
2590         checkInitted();
2591         Field[] res;
2592         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
2593         if (rd != null) {
2594             res = publicOnly ? rd.declaredPublicFields : rd.declaredFields;
2595             if (res != null) return res;
2596         }
2597         // No cached value available; request value from VM
2598         res = Reflection.filterFields(this, getDeclaredFields0(publicOnly));
2599         if (rd != null) {
2600             if (publicOnly) {
2601                 rd.declaredPublicFields = res;
2602             } else {
2603                 rd.declaredFields = res;
2604             }
2605         }
2606         return res;
2607     }
2608 
2609     // Returns an array of "root" fields. These Field objects must NOT
2610     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
2611     // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
2612     private Field[] privateGetPublicFields(Set<Class<?>> traversedInterfaces) {
2613         checkInitted();
2614         Field[] res;
2615         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
2616         if (rd != null) {
2617             res = rd.publicFields;
2618             if (res != null) return res;
2619         }
2620 
2621         // No cached value available; compute value recursively.
2622         // Traverse in correct order for getField().
2623         List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
2624         if (traversedInterfaces == null) {
2625             traversedInterfaces = new HashSet<>();
2626         }
2627 
2628         // Local fields
2629         Field[] tmp = privateGetDeclaredFields(true);
2630         addAll(fields, tmp);
2631 
2632         // Direct superinterfaces, recursively
2633         for (Class<?> c : getInterfaces(false)) {
2634             if (!traversedInterfaces.contains(c)) {
2635                 traversedInterfaces.add(c);
2636                 addAll(fields, c.privateGetPublicFields(traversedInterfaces));
2637             }
2638         }
2639 
2640         // Direct superclass, recursively
2641         if (!isInterface()) {
2642             Class<?> c = getSuperclass();
2643             if (c != null) {
2644                 addAll(fields, c.privateGetPublicFields(traversedInterfaces));
2645             }
2646         }
2647 
2648         res = new Field[fields.size()];
2649         fields.toArray(res);
2650         if (rd != null) {
2651             rd.publicFields = res;
2652         }
2653         return res;
2654     }
2655 
2656     private static void addAll(Collection<Field> c, Field[] o) {
2657         for (Field f : o) {
2658             c.add(f);
2659         }
2660     }
2661 
2662 
2663     //
2664     //
2665     // java.lang.reflect.Constructor handling
2666     //
2667     //
2668 
2669     // Returns an array of "root" constructors. These Constructor
2670     // objects must NOT be propagated to the outside world, but must
2671     // instead be copied via ReflectionFactory.copyConstructor.
2672     private Constructor<T>[] privateGetDeclaredConstructors(boolean publicOnly) {
2673         checkInitted();
2674         Constructor<T>[] res;
2675         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
2676         if (rd != null) {
2677             res = publicOnly ? rd.publicConstructors : rd.declaredConstructors;
2678             if (res != null) return res;
2679         }
2680         // No cached value available; request value from VM
2681         if (isInterface()) {
2682             @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
2683             Constructor<T>[] temporaryRes = (Constructor<T>[]) new Constructor<?>[0];
2684             res = temporaryRes;
2685         } else {
2686             res = getDeclaredConstructors0(publicOnly);
2687         }
2688         if (rd != null) {
2689             if (publicOnly) {
2690                 rd.publicConstructors = res;
2691             } else {
2692                 rd.declaredConstructors = res;
2693             }
2694         }
2695         return res;
2696     }
2697 
2698     //
2699     //
2700     // java.lang.reflect.Method handling
2701     //
2702     //
2703 
2704     // Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
2705     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
2706     // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
2707     private Method[] privateGetDeclaredMethods(boolean publicOnly) {
2708         checkInitted();
2709         Method[] res;
2710         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
2711         if (rd != null) {
2712             res = publicOnly ? rd.declaredPublicMethods : rd.declaredMethods;
2713             if (res != null) return res;
2714         }
2715         // No cached value available; request value from VM
2716         res = Reflection.filterMethods(this, getDeclaredMethods0(publicOnly));
2717         if (rd != null) {
2718             if (publicOnly) {
2719                 rd.declaredPublicMethods = res;
2720             } else {
2721                 rd.declaredMethods = res;
2722             }
2723         }
2724         return res;
2725     }
2726 
2727     private static final Method[] EMPTY_METHODS = new Method[0];
2728 
2729     // Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
2730     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
2731     // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
2732     private Method[] privateGetPublicMethods() {
2733         checkInitted();
2734         Method[] res;
2735         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
2736         if (rd != null) {
2737             res = rd.publicMethods;
2738             if (res != null) return res;
2739         }
2740 
2741         Method[] declaredMethods = privateGetDeclaredMethods(true);
2742         Class<?> superclass = getSuperclass();
2743         Class<?>[] interfaces = getInterfaces(false);
2744 
2745         // optimization:
2746         // if we don't have a superclass (either we are j.l.Object or an interface)
2747         // and don't have (super)interfaces either, then public methods consist
2748         // of declared public methods
2749         if (superclass == null && interfaces.length == 0) {
2750             res = declaredMethods;
2751         } else {
2752             // we have to do some logic
2753             Method[] superclassMethods = (superclass == null)
2754                                          ? EMPTY_METHODS
2755                                          : superclass.privateGetPublicMethods();
2756             Method[][] interfacesMethods = new Method[interfaces.length][];
2757             int interfacesMethodsCount = 0;
2758             for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
2759                 interfacesMethods[i] = interfaces[i].privateGetPublicMethods();
2760                 interfacesMethodsCount += interfacesMethods[i].length;
2761             }
2762 
2763             // ensure enough working capacity
2764             // (MethodTable implementation may not support dynamic resizing)
2765             MethodTable methodTable = MethodTable.newInstance(
2766                 declaredMethods.length +
2767                 superclassMethods.length +
2768                 interfacesMethodsCount
2769             );
2770 
2771             // declared methods first
2772             for (Method m : declaredMethods) {
2773                 methodTable.add(m);
2774             }
2775 
2776             // inherited methods from superclass
2777             for (Method m : superclassMethods) {
2778                 methodTable.addUnlessDeclaredExists(m, this);
2779             }
2780 
2781             // inherited methods from (super)interfaces
2782             for (Method[] ms : interfacesMethods) {
2783                 for (Method m : ms) {
2784                     // interface static methods are not inherited
2785                     if (!Modifier.isStatic(m.getModifiers())) {
2786                         methodTable.consolidate(m, this);
2787                     }
2788                 }
2789             }
2790 
2791             res = methodTable.getMethods();
2792         }
2793 
2794         if (rd != null) {
2795             rd.publicMethods = res;
2796         }
2797         return res;
2798     }
2799 
2800 
2801     //
2802     // Helpers for fetchers of one field, method, or constructor
2803     //
2804 
2805     /**
2806      * This method does not copy returned 'root' Field object. It MUST be copied
2807      * with ReflectionFactory before handed to any code outside java.lang.Class
2808      * or modified.
2809      */
2810     private static Field searchFields(Field[] fields, String name) {
2811         String internedName = name.intern();
2812         for (Field field : fields) {
2813             if (field.getName() == internedName) {
2814                 return field;
2815             }
2816         }
2817         return null;
2818     }
2819 
2820     /**
2821      * This method returns 'root' Field object. It MUST be copied with ReflectionFactory
2822      * before handed to any code outside java.lang.Class or modified.
2823      */
2824     private Field getField0(String name) throws NoSuchFieldException {
2825         // Note: the intent is that the search algorithm this routine
2826         // uses be equivalent to the ordering imposed by
2827         // privateGetPublicFields(). It fetches only the declared
2828         // public fields for each class, however, to reduce the number
2829         // of Field objects which have to be created for the common
2830         // case where the field being requested is declared in the
2831         // class which is being queried.
2832         Field res;
2833         // Search declared public fields
2834         if ((res = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(true), name)) != null) {
2835             return res;
2836         }
2837         // Direct superinterfaces, recursively
2838         Class<?>[] interfaces = getInterfaces(false);
2839         for (Class<?> c : interfaces) {
2840             if ((res = c.getField0(name)) != null) {
2841                 return res;
2842             }
2843         }
2844         // Direct superclass, recursively
2845         if (!isInterface()) {
2846             Class<?> c = getSuperclass();
2847             if (c != null) {
2848                 if ((res = c.getField0(name)) != null) {
2849                     return res;
2850                 }
2851             }
2852         }
2853         return null;
2854     }
2855 
2856     /**
2857      * This method does not copy returned 'root' Method object. It MUST be copied
2858      * with ReflectionFactory before handed to any code outside java.lang.Class
2859      * or modified.
2860      */
2861     private static Method searchMethods(Method[] methods,
2862                                         String name,
2863                                         Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
2864     {
2865         Method res = null;
2866         String internedName = name.intern();
2867         for (Method m : methods) {
2868             if (m.getName() == internedName
2869                 && arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes, m.getParameterTypes())
2870                 && (res == null
2871                     || res.getReturnType().isAssignableFrom(m.getReturnType())))
2872                 res = m;
2873         }
2874 
2875         return res;
2876     }
2877 
2878     /**
2879      * This method returns 'root' Method object. It MUST be copied with ReflectionFactory
2880      * before handed to any code outside java.lang.Class or modified.
2881      */
2882     private Method getMethod0(String name, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, boolean includeStaticMethods) {
2883         // Note: the intent is that the search algorithm this routine
2884         // uses be equivalent to the ordering imposed by
2885         // privateGetPublicMethods(). It fetches only the declared
2886         // public methods for each class, however, to reduce the
2887         // number of Method objects which have to be created for the
2888         // common case where the method being requested is declared in
2889         // the class which is being queried.
2890         Method res;
2891         // 1st search declared public methods
2892         if ((res = searchMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(true),
2893                                  name,
2894                                  parameterTypes)) != null &&
2895             (includeStaticMethods ||
2896              !Modifier.isStatic(res.getModifiers()))) {
2897             return res;
2898         }
2899 
2900         // 2nd we try the superclass.
2901         Class<? super T> superclass = getSuperclass();
2902         if (superclass != null &&
2903             (res = superclass.getMethod0(name, parameterTypes, includeStaticMethods)) != null) {
2904             return res;
2905         }
2906 
2907         // last we check (super) interfaces
2908         Class<?>[] interfaces = getInterfaces(false);
2909         if (interfaces.length == 0) {
2910             return null;
2911         }
2912         // have to construct a MethodTable to consolidate
2913         // public methods from (super)interfaces
2914         MethodTable methodTable = MethodTable.newInstance(interfaces.length);
2915         for (Class<?> c : interfaces) {
2916             if ((res = c.getMethod0(name, parameterTypes, false)) != null) {
2917                 methodTable.consolidate(res, this);
2918             }
2919         }
2920 
2921         // return the first method with the most specific return type
2922         return methodTable.getFirstMethodWithMostSpecificReturnType();
2923     }
2924 
2925     /**
2926      * This method returns 'root' Constructor object. It MUST be copied with ReflectionFactory
2927      * before handed to any code outside java.lang.Class or modified.
2928      */
2929     private Constructor<T> getConstructor0(Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
2930                                         int which) throws NoSuchMethodException
2931     {
2932         Constructor<T>[] constructors = privateGetDeclaredConstructors((which == Member.PUBLIC));
2933         for (Constructor<T> constructor : constructors) {
2934             if (arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes,
2935                                 constructor.getParameterTypes())) {
2936                 return constructor;
2937             }
2938         }
2939         throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + ".<init>" + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
2940     }
2941 
2942     //
2943     // Other helpers and base implementation
2944     //
2945 
2946     private static boolean arrayContentsEq(Object[] a1, Object[] a2) {
2947         if (a1 == null) {
2948             return a2 == null || a2.length == 0;
2949         }
2950 
2951         if (a2 == null) {
2952             return a1.length == 0;
2953         }
2954 
2955         if (a1.length != a2.length) {
2956             return false;
2957         }
2958 
2959         for (int i = 0; i < a1.length; i++) {
2960             if (a1[i] != a2[i]) {
2961                 return false;
2962             }
2963         }
2964 
2965         return true;
2966     }
2967 
2968     private static Field[] copyFields(Field[] arg) {
2969         Field[] out = new Field[arg.length];
2970         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
2971         for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
2972             out[i] = fact.copyField(arg[i]);
2973         }
2974         return out;
2975     }
2976 
2977     private static Method[] copyMethods(Method[] arg) {
2978         Method[] out = new Method[arg.length];
2979         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
2980         for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
2981             out[i] = fact.copyMethod(arg[i]);
2982         }
2983         return out;
2984     }
2985 
2986     private static <U> Constructor<U>[] copyConstructors(Constructor<U>[] arg) {
2987         Constructor<U>[] out = arg.clone();
2988         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
2989         for (int i = 0; i < out.length; i++) {
2990             out[i] = fact.copyConstructor(out[i]);
2991         }
2992         return out;
2993     }
2994 
2995     private native Field[]       getDeclaredFields0(boolean publicOnly);
2996     private native Method[]      getDeclaredMethods0(boolean publicOnly);
2997     private native Constructor<T>[] getDeclaredConstructors0(boolean publicOnly);
2998     private native Class<?>[]   getDeclaredClasses0();
2999 
3000     private static String        argumentTypesToString(Class<?>[] argTypes) {
3001         StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(", ", "(", ")");
3002         if (argTypes != null) {
3003             for (int i = 0; i < argTypes.length; i++) {
3004                 Class<?> c = argTypes[i];
3005                 sj.add((c == null) ? "null" : c.getName());
3006             }
3007         }
3008         return sj.toString();
3009     }
3010 
3011     /** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.1 for interoperability */
3012     private static final long serialVersionUID = 3206093459760846163L;
3013 
3014 
3015     /**
3016      * Class Class is special cased within the Serialization Stream Protocol.
3017      *
3018      * A Class instance is written initially into an ObjectOutputStream in the
3019      * following format:
3020      * <pre>
3021      *      {@code TC_CLASS} ClassDescriptor
3022      *      A ClassDescriptor is a special cased serialization of
3023      *      a {@code java.io.ObjectStreamClass} instance.
3024      * </pre>
3025      * A new handle is generated for the initial time the class descriptor
3026      * is written into the stream. Future references to the class descriptor
3027      * are written as references to the initial class descriptor instance.
3028      *
3029      * @see java.io.ObjectStreamClass
3030      */
3031     private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields =
3032         new ObjectStreamField[0];
3033 
3034 
3035     /**
3036      * Returns the assertion status that would be assigned to this
3037      * class if it were to be initialized at the time this method is invoked.
3038      * If this class has had its assertion status set, the most recent
3039      * setting will be returned; otherwise, if any package default assertion
3040      * status pertains to this class, the most recent setting for the most
3041      * specific pertinent package default assertion status is returned;
3042      * otherwise, if this class is not a system class (i.e., it has a
3043      * class loader) its class loader's default assertion status is returned;
3044      * otherwise, the system class default assertion status is returned.
3045      * <p>
3046      * Few programmers will have any need for this method; it is provided
3047      * for the benefit of the JRE itself.  (It allows a class to determine at
3048      * the time that it is initialized whether assertions should be enabled.)
3049      * Note that this method is not guaranteed to return the actual
3050      * assertion status that was (or will be) associated with the specified
3051      * class when it was (or will be) initialized.
3052      *
3053      * @return the desired assertion status of the specified class.
3054      * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setClassAssertionStatus
3055      * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setPackageAssertionStatus
3056      * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setDefaultAssertionStatus
3057      * @since  1.4
3058      */
3059     public boolean desiredAssertionStatus() {
3060         ClassLoader loader = getClassLoader();
3061         // If the loader is null this is a system class, so ask the VM
3062         if (loader == null)
3063             return desiredAssertionStatus0(this);
3064 
3065         // If the classloader has been initialized with the assertion
3066         // directives, ask it. Otherwise, ask the VM.
3067         synchronized(loader.assertionLock) {
3068             if (loader.classAssertionStatus != null) {
3069                 return loader.desiredAssertionStatus(getName());
3070             }
3071         }
3072         return desiredAssertionStatus0(this);
3073     }
3074 
3075     // Retrieves the desired assertion status of this class from the VM
3076     private static native boolean desiredAssertionStatus0(Class<?> clazz);
3077 
3078     /**
3079      * Returns true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
3080      * source code.
3081      *
3082      * @return true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
3083      *     source code
3084      * @since 1.5
3085      */
3086     public boolean isEnum() {
3087         // An enum must both directly extend java.lang.Enum and have
3088         // the ENUM bit set; classes for specialized enum constants
3089         // don't do the former.
3090         return (this.getModifiers() & ENUM) != 0 &&
3091         this.getSuperclass() == java.lang.Enum.class;
3092     }
3093 
3094     // Fetches the factory for reflective objects
3095     private static ReflectionFactory getReflectionFactory() {
3096         if (reflectionFactory == null) {
3097             reflectionFactory =
3098                 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged
3099                     (new sun.reflect.ReflectionFactory.GetReflectionFactoryAction());
3100         }
3101         return reflectionFactory;
3102     }
3103     private static ReflectionFactory reflectionFactory;
3104 
3105     // To be able to query system properties as soon as they're available
3106     private static boolean initted = false;
3107     private static void checkInitted() {
3108         if (initted) return;
3109         AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
3110                 public Void run() {
3111                     // Tests to ensure the system properties table is fully
3112                     // initialized. This is needed because reflection code is
3113                     // called very early in the initialization process (before
3114                     // command-line arguments have been parsed and therefore
3115                     // these user-settable properties installed.) We assume that
3116                     // if System.out is non-null then the System class has been
3117                     // fully initialized and that the bulk of the startup code
3118                     // has been run.
3119 
3120                     if (System.out == null) {
3121                         // java.lang.System not yet fully initialized
3122                         return null;
3123                     }
3124 
3125                     // Doesn't use Boolean.getBoolean to avoid class init.
3126                     String val =
3127                         System.getProperty("sun.reflect.noCaches");
3128                     if (val != null && val.equals("true")) {
3129                         useCaches = false;
3130                     }
3131 
3132                     initted = true;
3133                     return null;
3134                 }
3135             });
3136     }
3137 
3138     /**
3139      * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
3140      * Class object does not represent an enum type.
3141      *
3142      * @return an array containing the values comprising the enum class
3143      *     represented by this Class object in the order they're
3144      *     declared, or null if this Class object does not
3145      *     represent an enum type
3146      * @since 1.5
3147      */
3148     public T[] getEnumConstants() {
3149         T[] values = getEnumConstantsShared();
3150         return (values != null) ? values.clone() : null;
3151     }
3152 
3153     /**
3154      * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
3155      * Class object does not represent an enum type;
3156      * identical to getEnumConstants except that the result is
3157      * uncloned, cached, and shared by all callers.
3158      */
3159     T[] getEnumConstantsShared() {
3160         if (enumConstants == null) {
3161             if (!isEnum()) return null;
3162             try {
3163                 final Method values = getMethod("values");
3164                 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
3165                     new java.security.PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
3166                         public Void run() {
3167                                 values.setAccessible(true);
3168                                 return null;
3169                             }
3170                         });
3171                 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3172                 T[] temporaryConstants = (T[])values.invoke(null);
3173                 enumConstants = temporaryConstants;
3174             }
3175             // These can happen when users concoct enum-like classes
3176             // that don't comply with the enum spec.
3177             catch (InvocationTargetException | NoSuchMethodException |
3178                    IllegalAccessException ex) { return null; }
3179         }
3180         return enumConstants;
3181     }
3182     private volatile transient T[] enumConstants = null;
3183 
3184     /**
3185      * Returns a map from simple name to enum constant.  This package-private
3186      * method is used internally by Enum to implement
3187      * {@code public static <T extends Enum<T>> T valueOf(Class<T>, String)}
3188      * efficiently.  Note that the map is returned by this method is
3189      * created lazily on first use.  Typically it won't ever get created.
3190      */
3191     Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory() {
3192         if (enumConstantDirectory == null) {
3193             T[] universe = getEnumConstantsShared();
3194             if (universe == null)
3195                 throw new IllegalArgumentException(
3196                     getName() + " is not an enum type");
3197             Map<String, T> m = new HashMap<>(2 * universe.length);
3198             for (T constant : universe)
3199                 m.put(((Enum<?>)constant).name(), constant);
3200             enumConstantDirectory = m;
3201         }
3202         return enumConstantDirectory;
3203     }
3204     private volatile transient Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory = null;
3205 
3206     /**
3207      * Casts an object to the class or interface represented
3208      * by this {@code Class} object.
3209      *
3210      * @param obj the object to be cast
3211      * @return the object after casting, or null if obj is null
3212      *
3213      * @throws ClassCastException if the object is not
3214      * null and is not assignable to the type T.
3215      *
3216      * @since 1.5
3217      */
3218     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3219     public T cast(Object obj) {
3220         if (obj != null && !isInstance(obj))
3221             throw new ClassCastException(cannotCastMsg(obj));
3222         return (T) obj;
3223     }
3224 
3225     private String cannotCastMsg(Object obj) {
3226         return "Cannot cast " + obj.getClass().getName() + " to " + getName();
3227     }
3228 
3229     /**
3230      * Casts this {@code Class} object to represent a subclass of the class
3231      * represented by the specified class object.  Checks that the cast
3232      * is valid, and throws a {@code ClassCastException} if it is not.  If
3233      * this method succeeds, it always returns a reference to this class object.
3234      *
3235      * <p>This method is useful when a client needs to "narrow" the type of
3236      * a {@code Class} object to pass it to an API that restricts the
3237      * {@code Class} objects that it is willing to accept.  A cast would
3238      * generate a compile-time warning, as the correctness of the cast
3239      * could not be checked at runtime (because generic types are implemented
3240      * by erasure).
3241      *
3242      * @param <U> the type to cast this class object to
3243      * @param clazz the class of the type to cast this class object to
3244      * @return this {@code Class} object, cast to represent a subclass of
3245      *    the specified class object.
3246      * @throws ClassCastException if this {@code Class} object does not
3247      *    represent a subclass of the specified class (here "subclass" includes
3248      *    the class itself).
3249      * @since 1.5
3250      */
3251     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3252     public <U> Class<? extends U> asSubclass(Class<U> clazz) {
3253         if (clazz.isAssignableFrom(this))
3254             return (Class<? extends U>) this;
3255         else
3256             throw new ClassCastException(this.toString());
3257     }
3258 
3259     /**
3260      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3261      * @since 1.5
3262      */
3263     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3264     public <A extends Annotation> A getAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
3265         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
3266 
3267         return (A) annotationData().annotations.get(annotationClass);
3268     }
3269 
3270     /**
3271      * {@inheritDoc}
3272      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3273      * @since 1.5
3274      */
3275     @Override
3276     public boolean isAnnotationPresent(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass) {
3277         return GenericDeclaration.super.isAnnotationPresent(annotationClass);
3278     }
3279 
3280     /**
3281      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3282      * @since 1.8
3283      */
3284     @Override
3285     public <A extends Annotation> A[] getAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass) {
3286         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
3287 
3288         AnnotationData annotationData = annotationData();
3289         return AnnotationSupport.getAssociatedAnnotations(annotationData.declaredAnnotations,
3290                                                           this,
3291                                                           annotationClass);
3292     }
3293 
3294     /**
3295      * @since 1.5
3296      */
3297     public Annotation[] getAnnotations() {
3298         return AnnotationParser.toArray(annotationData().annotations);
3299     }
3300 
3301     /**
3302      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3303      * @since 1.8
3304      */
3305     @Override
3306     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3307     public <A extends Annotation> A getDeclaredAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
3308         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
3309 
3310         return (A) annotationData().declaredAnnotations.get(annotationClass);
3311     }
3312 
3313     /**
3314      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3315      * @since 1.8
3316      */
3317     @Override
3318     public <A extends Annotation> A[] getDeclaredAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass) {
3319         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
3320 
3321         return AnnotationSupport.getDirectlyAndIndirectlyPresent(annotationData().declaredAnnotations,
3322                                                                  annotationClass);
3323     }
3324 
3325     /**
3326      * @since 1.5
3327      */
3328     public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations()  {
3329         return AnnotationParser.toArray(annotationData().declaredAnnotations);
3330     }
3331 
3332     // annotation data that might get invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called
3333     private static class AnnotationData {
3334         final Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations;
3335         final Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations;
3336 
3337         // Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this AnnotationData instance
3338         final int redefinedCount;
3339 
3340         AnnotationData(Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations,
3341                        Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations,
3342                        int redefinedCount) {
3343             this.annotations = annotations;
3344             this.declaredAnnotations = declaredAnnotations;
3345             this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount;
3346         }
3347     }
3348 
3349     // Annotations cache
3350     @SuppressWarnings("UnusedDeclaration")
3351     private volatile transient AnnotationData annotationData;
3352 
3353     private AnnotationData annotationData() {
3354         while (true) { // retry loop
3355             AnnotationData annotationData = this.annotationData;
3356             int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
3357             if (annotationData != null &&
3358                 annotationData.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
3359                 return annotationData;
3360             }
3361             // null or stale annotationData -> optimistically create new instance
3362             AnnotationData newAnnotationData = createAnnotationData(classRedefinedCount);
3363             // try to install it
3364             if (Atomic.casAnnotationData(this, annotationData, newAnnotationData)) {
3365                 // successfully installed new AnnotationData
3366                 return newAnnotationData;
3367             }
3368         }
3369     }
3370 
3371     private AnnotationData createAnnotationData(int classRedefinedCount) {
3372         Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations =
3373             AnnotationParser.parseAnnotations(getRawAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
3374         Class<?> superClass = getSuperclass();
3375         Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations = null;
3376         if (superClass != null) {
3377             Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> superAnnotations =
3378                 superClass.annotationData().annotations;
3379             for (Map.Entry<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> e : superAnnotations.entrySet()) {
3380                 Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass = e.getKey();
3381                 if (AnnotationType.getInstance(annotationClass).isInherited()) {
3382                     if (annotations == null) { // lazy construction
3383                         annotations = new LinkedHashMap<>((Math.max(
3384                                 declaredAnnotations.size(),
3385                                 Math.min(12, declaredAnnotations.size() + superAnnotations.size())
3386                             ) * 4 + 2) / 3
3387                         );
3388                     }
3389                     annotations.put(annotationClass, e.getValue());
3390                 }
3391             }
3392         }
3393         if (annotations == null) {
3394             // no inherited annotations -> share the Map with declaredAnnotations
3395             annotations = declaredAnnotations;
3396         } else {
3397             // at least one inherited annotation -> declared may override inherited
3398             annotations.putAll(declaredAnnotations);
3399         }
3400         return new AnnotationData(annotations, declaredAnnotations, classRedefinedCount);
3401     }
3402 
3403     // Annotation types cache their internal (AnnotationType) form
3404 
3405     @SuppressWarnings("UnusedDeclaration")
3406     private volatile transient AnnotationType annotationType;
3407 
3408     boolean casAnnotationType(AnnotationType oldType, AnnotationType newType) {
3409         return Atomic.casAnnotationType(this, oldType, newType);
3410     }
3411 
3412     AnnotationType getAnnotationType() {
3413         return annotationType;
3414     }
3415 
3416     Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> getDeclaredAnnotationMap() {
3417         return annotationData().declaredAnnotations;
3418     }
3419 
3420     /* Backing store of user-defined values pertaining to this class.
3421      * Maintained by the ClassValue class.
3422      */
3423     transient ClassValue.ClassValueMap classValueMap;
3424 
3425     /**
3426      * Returns an {@code AnnotatedType} object that represents the use of a
3427      * type to specify the superclass of the entity represented by this {@code
3428      * Class} object. (The <em>use</em> of type Foo to specify the superclass
3429      * in '...  extends Foo' is distinct from the <em>declaration</em> of type
3430      * Foo.)
3431      *
3432      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type whose declaration
3433      * does not explicitly indicate an annotated superclass, then the return
3434      * value is an {@code AnnotatedType} object representing an element with no
3435      * annotations.
3436      *
3437      * <p> If this {@code Class} represents either the {@code Object} class, an
3438      * interface type, an array type, a primitive type, or void, the return
3439      * value is {@code null}.
3440      *
3441      * @return an object representing the superclass
3442      * @since 1.8
3443      */
3444     public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedSuperclass() {
3445         if (this == Object.class ||
3446                 isInterface() ||
3447                 isArray() ||
3448                 isPrimitive() ||
3449                 this == Void.TYPE) {
3450             return null;
3451         }
3452 
3453         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedSuperclass(getRawTypeAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
3454     }
3455 
3456     /**
3457      * Returns an array of {@code AnnotatedType} objects that represent the use
3458      * of types to specify superinterfaces of the entity represented by this
3459      * {@code Class} object. (The <em>use</em> of type Foo to specify a
3460      * superinterface in '... implements Foo' is distinct from the
3461      * <em>declaration</em> of type Foo.)
3462      *
3463      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class, the return value is
3464      * an array containing objects representing the uses of interface types to
3465      * specify interfaces implemented by the class. The order of the objects in
3466      * the array corresponds to the order of the interface types used in the
3467      * 'implements' clause of the declaration of this {@code Class} object.
3468      *
3469      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, the return
3470      * value is an array containing objects representing the uses of interface
3471      * types to specify interfaces directly extended by the interface. The
3472      * order of the objects in the array corresponds to the order of the
3473      * interface types used in the 'extends' clause of the declaration of this
3474      * {@code Class} object.
3475      *
3476      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface whose
3477      * declaration does not explicitly indicate any annotated superinterfaces,
3478      * the return value is an array of length 0.
3479      *
3480      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents either the {@code Object}
3481      * class, an array type, a primitive type, or void, the return value is an
3482      * array of length 0.
3483      *
3484      * @return an array representing the superinterfaces
3485      * @since 1.8
3486      */
3487     public AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedInterfaces() {
3488          return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedInterfaces(getRawTypeAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
3489     }
3490 }