1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1994, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package java.lang;
  27 
  28 import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement;
  29 import java.lang.reflect.Array;
  30 import java.lang.reflect.GenericArrayType;
  31 import java.lang.reflect.GenericDeclaration;
  32 import java.lang.reflect.Member;
  33 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
  34 import java.lang.reflect.Executable;
  35 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
  36 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
  37 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
  38 import java.lang.reflect.Type;
  39 import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;
  40 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
  41 import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedType;
  42 import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
  43 import java.io.InputStream;
  44 import java.io.ObjectStreamField;
  45 import java.security.AccessController;
  46 import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
  47 import java.util.ArrayList;
  48 import java.util.Collection;
  49 import java.util.HashSet;
  50 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
  51 import java.util.List;
  52 import java.util.Set;
  53 import java.util.Map;
  54 import java.util.HashMap;
  55 import java.util.Objects;
  56 import java.util.StringJoiner;
  57 import sun.misc.Unsafe;
  58 import sun.reflect.CallerSensitive;
  59 import sun.reflect.ConstantPool;
  60 import sun.reflect.Reflection;
  61 import sun.reflect.ReflectionFactory;
  62 import sun.reflect.generics.factory.CoreReflectionFactory;
  63 import sun.reflect.generics.factory.GenericsFactory;
  64 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ClassRepository;
  65 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.MethodRepository;
  66 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ConstructorRepository;
  67 import sun.reflect.generics.scope.ClassScope;
  68 import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
  69 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
  70 import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
  71 import sun.reflect.annotation.*;
  72 import sun.reflect.misc.ReflectUtil;
  73 
  74 /**
  75  * Instances of the class {@code Class} represent classes and
  76  * interfaces in a running Java application.  An enum is a kind of
  77  * class and an annotation is a kind of interface.  Every array also
  78  * belongs to a class that is reflected as a {@code Class} object
  79  * that is shared by all arrays with the same element type and number
  80  * of dimensions.  The primitive Java types ({@code boolean},
  81  * {@code byte}, {@code char}, {@code short},
  82  * {@code int}, {@code long}, {@code float}, and
  83  * {@code double}), and the keyword {@code void} are also
  84  * represented as {@code Class} objects.
  85  *
  86  * <p> {@code Class} has no public constructor. Instead {@code Class}
  87  * objects are constructed automatically by the Java Virtual Machine as classes
  88  * are loaded and by calls to the {@code defineClass} method in the class
  89  * loader.
  90  *
  91  * <p> The following example uses a {@code Class} object to print the
  92  * class name of an object:
  93  *
  94  * <blockquote><pre>
  95  *     void printClassName(Object obj) {
  96  *         System.out.println("The class of " + obj +
  97  *                            " is " + obj.getClass().getName());
  98  *     }
  99  * </pre></blockquote>
 100  *
 101  * <p> It is also possible to get the {@code Class} object for a named
 102  * type (or for void) using a class literal.  See Section 15.8.2 of
 103  * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>.
 104  * For example:
 105  *
 106  * <blockquote>
 107  *     {@code System.out.println("The name of class Foo is: "+Foo.class.getName());}
 108  * </blockquote>
 109  *
 110  * @param <T> the type of the class modeled by this {@code Class}
 111  * object.  For example, the type of {@code String.class} is {@code
 112  * Class<String>}.  Use {@code Class<?>} if the class being modeled is
 113  * unknown.
 114  *
 115  * @author  unascribed
 116  * @see     java.lang.ClassLoader#defineClass(byte[], int, int)
 117  * @since   1.0
 118  */
 119 public final class Class<T> implements java.io.Serializable,
 120                               GenericDeclaration,
 121                               Type,
 122                               AnnotatedElement {
 123     private static final int ANNOTATION= 0x00002000;
 124     private static final int ENUM      = 0x00004000;
 125     private static final int SYNTHETIC = 0x00001000;
 126 
 127     private static native void registerNatives();
 128     static {
 129         registerNatives();
 130     }
 131 
 132     /*
 133      * Private constructor. Only the Java Virtual Machine creates Class objects.
 134      * This constructor is not used and prevents the default constructor being
 135      * generated.
 136      */
 137     private Class(ClassLoader loader, Class<?> arrayComponentType) {
 138         // Initialize final field for classLoader.  The initialization value of non-null
 139         // prevents future JIT optimizations from assuming this final field is null.
 140         classLoader = loader;
 141         componentType = arrayComponentType;
 142     }
 143 
 144     /**
 145      * Converts the object to a string. The string representation is the
 146      * string "class" or "interface", followed by a space, and then by the
 147      * fully qualified name of the class in the format returned by
 148      * {@code getName}.  If this {@code Class} object represents a
 149      * primitive type, this method returns the name of the primitive type.  If
 150      * this {@code Class} object represents void this method returns
 151      * "void". If this {@code Class} object represents an array type,
 152      * this method returns "class " followed by {@code getName}.
 153      *
 154      * @return a string representation of this class object.
 155      */
 156     public String toString() {
 157         return (isInterface() ? "interface " : (isPrimitive() ? "" : "class "))
 158             + getName();
 159     }
 160 
 161     /**
 162      * Returns a string describing this {@code Class}, including
 163      * information about modifiers and type parameters.
 164      *
 165      * The string is formatted as a list of type modifiers, if any,
 166      * followed by the kind of type (empty string for primitive types
 167      * and {@code class}, {@code enum}, {@code interface}, or
 168      * <code>@</code>{@code interface}, as appropriate), followed
 169      * by the type's name, followed by an angle-bracketed
 170      * comma-separated list of the type's type parameters, if any.
 171      *
 172      * A space is used to separate modifiers from one another and to
 173      * separate any modifiers from the kind of type. The modifiers
 174      * occur in canonical order. If there are no type parameters, the
 175      * type parameter list is elided.
 176      *
 177      * For an array type, the string starts with the type name,
 178      * followed by an angle-bracketed comma-separated list of the
 179      * type's type parameters, if any, followed by a sequence of
 180      * {@code []} characters, one set of brackets per dimension of
 181      * the array.
 182      *
 183      * <p>Note that since information about the runtime representation
 184      * of a type is being generated, modifiers not present on the
 185      * originating source code or illegal on the originating source
 186      * code may be present.
 187      *
 188      * @return a string describing this {@code Class}, including
 189      * information about modifiers and type parameters
 190      *
 191      * @since 1.8
 192      */
 193     public String toGenericString() {
 194         if (isPrimitive()) {
 195             return toString();
 196         } else {
 197             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 198             Class<?> component = this;
 199             int arrayDepth = 0;
 200 
 201             if (isArray()) {
 202                 do {
 203                     arrayDepth++;
 204                     component = component.getComponentType();
 205                 } while (component.isArray());
 206                 sb.append(component.getName());
 207             } else {
 208                 // Class modifiers are a superset of interface modifiers
 209                 int modifiers = getModifiers() & Modifier.classModifiers();
 210                 if (modifiers != 0) {
 211                     sb.append(Modifier.toString(modifiers));
 212                     sb.append(' ');
 213                 }
 214 
 215                 if (isAnnotation()) {
 216                     sb.append('@');
 217                 }
 218                 if (isInterface()) { // Note: all annotation types are interfaces
 219                     sb.append("interface");
 220                 } else {
 221                     if (isEnum())
 222                         sb.append("enum");
 223                     else
 224                         sb.append("class");
 225                 }
 226                 sb.append(' ');
 227                 sb.append(getName());
 228             }
 229 
 230             TypeVariable<?>[] typeparms = component.getTypeParameters();
 231             if (typeparms.length > 0) {
 232                 boolean first = true;
 233                 sb.append('<');
 234                 for(TypeVariable<?> typeparm: typeparms) {
 235                     if (!first)
 236                         sb.append(',');
 237                     sb.append(typeparm.getTypeName());
 238                     first = false;
 239                 }
 240                 sb.append('>');
 241             }
 242 
 243             for (int i = 0; i < arrayDepth; i++)
 244                 sb.append("[]");
 245 
 246             return sb.toString();
 247         }
 248     }
 249 
 250     /**
 251      * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
 252      * interface with the given string name.  Invoking this method is
 253      * equivalent to:
 254      *
 255      * <blockquote>
 256      *  {@code Class.forName(className, true, currentLoader)}
 257      * </blockquote>
 258      *
 259      * where {@code currentLoader} denotes the defining class loader of
 260      * the current class.
 261      *
 262      * <p> For example, the following code fragment returns the
 263      * runtime {@code Class} descriptor for the class named
 264      * {@code java.lang.Thread}:
 265      *
 266      * <blockquote>
 267      *   {@code Class t = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread")}
 268      * </blockquote>
 269      * <p>
 270      * A call to {@code forName("X")} causes the class named
 271      * {@code X} to be initialized.
 272      *
 273      * @param      className   the fully qualified name of the desired class.
 274      * @return     the {@code Class} object for the class with the
 275      *             specified name.
 276      * @exception LinkageError if the linkage fails
 277      * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
 278      *            by this method fails
 279      * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located
 280      */
 281     @CallerSensitive
 282     public static Class<?> forName(String className)
 283                 throws ClassNotFoundException {
 284         Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 285         return forName0(className, true, ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller), caller);
 286     }
 287 
 288 
 289     /**
 290      * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
 291      * interface with the given string name, using the given class loader.
 292      * Given the fully qualified name for a class or interface (in the same
 293      * format returned by {@code getName}) this method attempts to
 294      * locate, load, and link the class or interface.  The specified class
 295      * loader is used to load the class or interface.  If the parameter
 296      * {@code loader} is null, the class is loaded through the bootstrap
 297      * class loader.  The class is initialized only if the
 298      * {@code initialize} parameter is {@code true} and if it has
 299      * not been initialized earlier.
 300      *
 301      * <p> If {@code name} denotes a primitive type or void, an attempt
 302      * will be made to locate a user-defined class in the unnamed package whose
 303      * name is {@code name}. Therefore, this method cannot be used to
 304      * obtain any of the {@code Class} objects representing primitive
 305      * types or void.
 306      *
 307      * <p> If {@code name} denotes an array class, the component type of
 308      * the array class is loaded but not initialized.
 309      *
 310      * <p> For example, in an instance method the expression:
 311      *
 312      * <blockquote>
 313      *  {@code Class.forName("Foo")}
 314      * </blockquote>
 315      *
 316      * is equivalent to:
 317      *
 318      * <blockquote>
 319      *  {@code Class.forName("Foo", true, this.getClass().getClassLoader())}
 320      * </blockquote>
 321      *
 322      * Note that this method throws errors related to loading, linking or
 323      * initializing as specified in Sections 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4 of <em>The
 324      * Java Language Specification</em>.
 325      * Note that this method does not check whether the requested class
 326      * is accessible to its caller.
 327      *
 328      * <p> If the {@code loader} is {@code null}, and a security
 329      * manager is present, and the caller's class loader is not null, then this
 330      * method calls the security manager's {@code checkPermission} method
 331      * with a {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")} permission to
 332      * ensure it's ok to access the bootstrap class loader.
 333      *
 334      * @param name       fully qualified name of the desired class
 335      * @param initialize if {@code true} the class will be initialized.
 336      *                   See Section 12.4 of <em>The Java Language Specification</em>.
 337      * @param loader     class loader from which the class must be loaded
 338      * @return           class object representing the desired class
 339      *
 340      * @exception LinkageError if the linkage fails
 341      * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
 342      *            by this method fails
 343      * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located by
 344      *            the specified class loader
 345      *
 346      * @see       java.lang.Class#forName(String)
 347      * @see       java.lang.ClassLoader
 348      * @since     1.2
 349      */
 350     @CallerSensitive
 351     public static Class<?> forName(String name, boolean initialize,
 352                                    ClassLoader loader)
 353         throws ClassNotFoundException
 354     {
 355         Class<?> caller = null;
 356         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 357         if (sm != null) {
 358             // Reflective call to get caller class is only needed if a security manager
 359             // is present.  Avoid the overhead of making this call otherwise.
 360             caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 361             if (sun.misc.VM.isSystemDomainLoader(loader)) {
 362                 ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller);
 363                 if (!sun.misc.VM.isSystemDomainLoader(ccl)) {
 364                     sm.checkPermission(
 365                         SecurityConstants.GET_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);
 366                 }
 367             }
 368         }
 369         return forName0(name, initialize, loader, caller);
 370     }
 371 
 372     /** Called after security check for system loader access checks have been made. */
 373     private static native Class<?> forName0(String name, boolean initialize,
 374                                             ClassLoader loader,
 375                                             Class<?> caller)
 376         throws ClassNotFoundException;
 377 
 378     /**
 379      * Creates a new instance of the class represented by this {@code Class}
 380      * object.  The class is instantiated as if by a {@code new}
 381      * expression with an empty argument list.  The class is initialized if it
 382      * has not already been initialized.
 383      *
 384      * <p>Note that this method propagates any exception thrown by the
 385      * nullary constructor, including a checked exception.  Use of
 386      * this method effectively bypasses the compile-time exception
 387      * checking that would otherwise be performed by the compiler.
 388      * The {@link
 389      * java.lang.reflect.Constructor#newInstance(java.lang.Object...)
 390      * Constructor.newInstance} method avoids this problem by wrapping
 391      * any exception thrown by the constructor in a (checked) {@link
 392      * java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException}.
 393      *
 394      * @return  a newly allocated instance of the class represented by this
 395      *          object.
 396      * @throws  IllegalAccessException  if the class or its nullary
 397      *          constructor is not accessible.
 398      * @throws  InstantiationException
 399      *          if this {@code Class} represents an abstract class,
 400      *          an interface, an array class, a primitive type, or void;
 401      *          or if the class has no nullary constructor;
 402      *          or if the instantiation fails for some other reason.
 403      * @throws  ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization
 404      *          provoked by this method fails.
 405      * @throws  SecurityException
 406      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
 407      *          the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
 408      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
 409      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
 410      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
 411      *          of this class.
 412      */
 413     @CallerSensitive
 414     public T newInstance()
 415         throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
 416     {
 417         if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
 418             checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
 419         }
 420 
 421         // NOTE: the following code may not be strictly correct under
 422         // the current Java memory model.
 423 
 424         // Constructor lookup
 425         if (cachedConstructor == null) {
 426             if (this == Class.class) {
 427                 throw new IllegalAccessException(
 428                     "Can not call newInstance() on the Class for java.lang.Class"
 429                 );
 430             }
 431             try {
 432                 Class<?>[] empty = {};
 433                 // must copy constructor since we are modifying it
 434                 final Constructor<T> c = getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(
 435                     getConstructor0(empty, Member.DECLARED));
 436                 // Disable accessibility checks on the constructor
 437                 // since we have to do the security check here anyway
 438                 // (the stack depth is wrong for the Constructor's
 439                 // security check to work)
 440                 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
 441                     new java.security.PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
 442                         public Void run() {
 443                                 c.setAccessible(true);
 444                                 return null;
 445                             }
 446                         });
 447                 cachedConstructor = c;
 448             } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
 449                 throw (InstantiationException)
 450                     new InstantiationException(getName()).initCause(e);
 451             }
 452         }
 453         Constructor<T> tmpConstructor = cachedConstructor;
 454         // Security check (same as in java.lang.reflect.Constructor)
 455         int modifiers = tmpConstructor.getModifiers();
 456         if (!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(this, modifiers)) {
 457             Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 458             if (newInstanceCallerCache != caller) {
 459                 Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(caller, this, null, modifiers);
 460                 newInstanceCallerCache = caller;
 461             }
 462         }
 463         // Run constructor
 464         try {
 465             return tmpConstructor.newInstance((Object[])null);
 466         } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
 467             Unsafe.getUnsafe().throwException(e.getTargetException());
 468             // Not reached
 469             return null;
 470         }
 471     }
 472     private volatile transient Constructor<T> cachedConstructor;
 473     private volatile transient Class<?>       newInstanceCallerCache;
 474 
 475 
 476     /**
 477      * Determines if the specified {@code Object} is assignment-compatible
 478      * with the object represented by this {@code Class}.  This method is
 479      * the dynamic equivalent of the Java language {@code instanceof}
 480      * operator. The method returns {@code true} if the specified
 481      * {@code Object} argument is non-null and can be cast to the
 482      * reference type represented by this {@code Class} object without
 483      * raising a {@code ClassCastException.} It returns {@code false}
 484      * otherwise.
 485      *
 486      * <p> Specifically, if this {@code Class} object represents a
 487      * declared class, this method returns {@code true} if the specified
 488      * {@code Object} argument is an instance of the represented class (or
 489      * of any of its subclasses); it returns {@code false} otherwise. If
 490      * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, this method
 491      * returns {@code true} if the specified {@code Object} argument
 492      * can be converted to an object of the array class by an identity
 493      * conversion or by a widening reference conversion; it returns
 494      * {@code false} otherwise. If this {@code Class} object
 495      * represents an interface, this method returns {@code true} if the
 496      * class or any superclass of the specified {@code Object} argument
 497      * implements this interface; it returns {@code false} otherwise. If
 498      * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, this method
 499      * returns {@code false}.
 500      *
 501      * @param   obj the object to check
 502      * @return  true if {@code obj} is an instance of this class
 503      *
 504      * @since 1.1
 505      */
 506     public native boolean isInstance(Object obj);
 507 
 508 
 509     /**
 510      * Determines if the class or interface represented by this
 511      * {@code Class} object is either the same as, or is a superclass or
 512      * superinterface of, the class or interface represented by the specified
 513      * {@code Class} parameter. It returns {@code true} if so;
 514      * otherwise it returns {@code false}. If this {@code Class}
 515      * object represents a primitive type, this method returns
 516      * {@code true} if the specified {@code Class} parameter is
 517      * exactly this {@code Class} object; otherwise it returns
 518      * {@code false}.
 519      *
 520      * <p> Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the
 521      * specified {@code Class} parameter can be converted to the type
 522      * represented by this {@code Class} object via an identity conversion
 523      * or via a widening reference conversion. See <em>The Java Language
 524      * Specification</em>, sections 5.1.1 and 5.1.4 , for details.
 525      *
 526      * @param cls the {@code Class} object to be checked
 527      * @return the {@code boolean} value indicating whether objects of the
 528      * type {@code cls} can be assigned to objects of this class
 529      * @exception NullPointerException if the specified Class parameter is
 530      *            null.
 531      * @since 1.1
 532      */
 533     public native boolean isAssignableFrom(Class<?> cls);
 534 
 535 
 536     /**
 537      * Determines if the specified {@code Class} object represents an
 538      * interface type.
 539      *
 540      * @return  {@code true} if this object represents an interface;
 541      *          {@code false} otherwise.
 542      */
 543     public native boolean isInterface();
 544 
 545 
 546     /**
 547      * Determines if this {@code Class} object represents an array class.
 548      *
 549      * @return  {@code true} if this object represents an array class;
 550      *          {@code false} otherwise.
 551      * @since   1.1
 552      */
 553     public native boolean isArray();
 554 
 555 
 556     /**
 557      * Determines if the specified {@code Class} object represents a
 558      * primitive type.
 559      *
 560      * <p> There are nine predefined {@code Class} objects to represent
 561      * the eight primitive types and void.  These are created by the Java
 562      * Virtual Machine, and have the same names as the primitive types that
 563      * they represent, namely {@code boolean}, {@code byte},
 564      * {@code char}, {@code short}, {@code int},
 565      * {@code long}, {@code float}, and {@code double}.
 566      *
 567      * <p> These objects may only be accessed via the following public static
 568      * final variables, and are the only {@code Class} objects for which
 569      * this method returns {@code true}.
 570      *
 571      * @return true if and only if this class represents a primitive type
 572      *
 573      * @see     java.lang.Boolean#TYPE
 574      * @see     java.lang.Character#TYPE
 575      * @see     java.lang.Byte#TYPE
 576      * @see     java.lang.Short#TYPE
 577      * @see     java.lang.Integer#TYPE
 578      * @see     java.lang.Long#TYPE
 579      * @see     java.lang.Float#TYPE
 580      * @see     java.lang.Double#TYPE
 581      * @see     java.lang.Void#TYPE
 582      * @since 1.1
 583      */
 584     public native boolean isPrimitive();
 585 
 586     /**
 587      * Returns true if this {@code Class} object represents an annotation
 588      * type.  Note that if this method returns true, {@link #isInterface()}
 589      * would also return true, as all annotation types are also interfaces.
 590      *
 591      * @return {@code true} if this class object represents an annotation
 592      *      type; {@code false} otherwise
 593      * @since 1.5
 594      */
 595     public boolean isAnnotation() {
 596         return (getModifiers() & ANNOTATION) != 0;
 597     }
 598 
 599     /**
 600      * Returns {@code true} if this class is a synthetic class;
 601      * returns {@code false} otherwise.
 602      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a synthetic class as
 603      *         defined by the Java Language Specification.
 604      * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary
 605      * @since 1.5
 606      */
 607     public boolean isSynthetic() {
 608         return (getModifiers() & SYNTHETIC) != 0;
 609     }
 610 
 611     /**
 612      * Returns the  name of the entity (class, interface, array class,
 613      * primitive type, or void) represented by this {@code Class} object,
 614      * as a {@code String}.
 615      *
 616      * <p> If this class object represents a reference type that is not an
 617      * array type then the binary name of the class is returned, as specified
 618      * by
 619      * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>.
 620      *
 621      * <p> If this class object represents a primitive type or void, then the
 622      * name returned is a {@code String} equal to the Java language
 623      * keyword corresponding to the primitive type or void.
 624      *
 625      * <p> If this class object represents a class of arrays, then the internal
 626      * form of the name consists of the name of the element type preceded by
 627      * one or more '{@code [}' characters representing the depth of the array
 628      * nesting.  The encoding of element type names is as follows:
 629      *
 630      * <blockquote><table summary="Element types and encodings">
 631      * <tr><th> Element Type <th> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <th> Encoding
 632      * <tr><td> boolean      <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> Z
 633      * <tr><td> byte         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> B
 634      * <tr><td> char         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> C
 635      * <tr><td> class or interface
 636      *                       <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> L<i>classname</i>;
 637      * <tr><td> double       <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> D
 638      * <tr><td> float        <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> F
 639      * <tr><td> int          <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> I
 640      * <tr><td> long         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> J
 641      * <tr><td> short        <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> S
 642      * </table></blockquote>
 643      *
 644      * <p> The class or interface name <i>classname</i> is the binary name of
 645      * the class specified above.
 646      *
 647      * <p> Examples:
 648      * <blockquote><pre>
 649      * String.class.getName()
 650      *     returns "java.lang.String"
 651      * byte.class.getName()
 652      *     returns "byte"
 653      * (new Object[3]).getClass().getName()
 654      *     returns "[Ljava.lang.Object;"
 655      * (new int[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]).getClass().getName()
 656      *     returns "[[[[[[[I"
 657      * </pre></blockquote>
 658      *
 659      * @return  the name of the class or interface
 660      *          represented by this object.
 661      */
 662     public String getName() {
 663         String name = this.name;
 664         if (name == null)
 665             this.name = name = getName0();
 666         return name;
 667     }
 668 
 669     // cache the name to reduce the number of calls into the VM
 670     private transient String name;
 671     private native String getName0();
 672 
 673     /**
 674      * Returns the class loader for the class.  Some implementations may use
 675      * null to represent the bootstrap class loader. This method will return
 676      * null in such implementations if this class was loaded by the bootstrap
 677      * class loader.
 678      *
 679      * <p> If a security manager is present, and the caller's class loader is
 680      * not null and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of
 681      * the class loader for the class whose class loader is requested, then
 682      * this method calls the security manager's {@code checkPermission}
 683      * method with a {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")}
 684      * permission to ensure it's ok to access the class loader for the class.
 685      *
 686      * <p>If this object
 687      * represents a primitive type or void, null is returned.
 688      *
 689      * @return  the class loader that loaded the class or interface
 690      *          represented by this object.
 691      * @throws SecurityException
 692      *    if a security manager exists and its
 693      *    {@code checkPermission} method denies
 694      *    access to the class loader for the class.
 695      * @see java.lang.ClassLoader
 696      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
 697      * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
 698      */
 699     @CallerSensitive
 700     public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
 701         ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
 702         if (cl == null)
 703             return null;
 704         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 705         if (sm != null) {
 706             ClassLoader.checkClassLoaderPermission(cl, Reflection.getCallerClass());
 707         }
 708         return cl;
 709     }
 710 
 711     // Package-private to allow ClassLoader access
 712     ClassLoader getClassLoader0() { return classLoader; }
 713 
 714     // Initialized in JVM not by private constructor
 715     // This field is filtered from reflection access, i.e. getDeclaredField
 716     // will throw NoSuchFieldException
 717     private final ClassLoader classLoader;
 718 
 719     /**
 720      * Returns an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent the
 721      * type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this
 722      * {@code GenericDeclaration} object, in declaration order.  Returns an
 723      * array of length 0 if the underlying generic declaration declares no type
 724      * variables.
 725      *
 726      * @return an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent
 727      *     the type variables declared by this generic declaration
 728      * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
 729      *     signature of this generic declaration does not conform to
 730      *     the format specified in
 731      *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
 732      * @since 1.5
 733      */
 734     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 735     public TypeVariable<Class<T>>[] getTypeParameters() {
 736         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
 737         if (info != null)
 738             return (TypeVariable<Class<T>>[])info.getTypeParameters();
 739         else
 740             return (TypeVariable<Class<T>>[])new TypeVariable<?>[0];
 741     }
 742 
 743 
 744     /**
 745      * Returns the {@code Class} representing the direct superclass of the
 746      * entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by
 747      * this {@code Class}.  If this {@code Class} represents either the
 748      * {@code Object} class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then
 749      * null is returned.  If this object represents an array class then the
 750      * {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
 751      * returned.
 752      *
 753      * @return the direct superclass of the class represented by this object
 754      */
 755     public native Class<? super T> getSuperclass();
 756 
 757 
 758     /**
 759      * Returns the {@code Type} representing the direct superclass of
 760      * the entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by
 761      * this {@code Class}.
 762      *
 763      * <p>If the superclass is a parameterized type, the {@code Type}
 764      * object returned must accurately reflect the actual type
 765      * parameters used in the source code. The parameterized type
 766      * representing the superclass is created if it had not been
 767      * created before. See the declaration of {@link
 768      * java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType} for the
 769      * semantics of the creation process for parameterized types.  If
 770      * this {@code Class} represents either the {@code Object}
 771      * class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then null is
 772      * returned.  If this object represents an array class then the
 773      * {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
 774      * returned.
 775      *
 776      * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
 777      *     class signature does not conform to the format specified in
 778      *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
 779      * @throws TypeNotPresentException if the generic superclass
 780      *     refers to a non-existent type declaration
 781      * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException if the
 782      *     generic superclass refers to a parameterized type that cannot be
 783      *     instantiated  for any reason
 784      * @return the direct superclass of the class represented by this object
 785      * @since 1.5
 786      */
 787     public Type getGenericSuperclass() {
 788         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
 789         if (info == null) {
 790             return getSuperclass();
 791         }
 792 
 793         // Historical irregularity:
 794         // Generic signature marks interfaces with superclass = Object
 795         // but this API returns null for interfaces
 796         if (isInterface()) {
 797             return null;
 798         }
 799 
 800         return info.getSuperclass();
 801     }
 802 
 803     /**
 804      * Gets the package for this class.  The class loader of this class is used
 805      * to find the package.  If the class was loaded by the bootstrap class
 806      * loader the set of packages loaded from CLASSPATH is searched to find the
 807      * package of the class. Null is returned if no package object was created
 808      * by the class loader of this class.
 809      *
 810      * <p> Packages have attributes for versions and specifications only if the
 811      * information was defined in the manifests that accompany the classes, and
 812      * if the class loader created the package instance with the attributes
 813      * from the manifest.
 814      *
 815      * @return the package of the class, or null if no package
 816      *         information is available from the archive or codebase.
 817      */
 818     public Package getPackage() {
 819         return Package.getPackage(this);
 820     }
 821 
 822 
 823     /**
 824      * Returns the interfaces directly implemented by the class or interface
 825      * represented by this object.
 826      *
 827      * <p>If this object represents a class, the return value is an array
 828      * containing objects representing all interfaces directly implemented by
 829      * the class.  The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds
 830      * to the order of the interface names in the {@code implements} clause of
 831      * the declaration of the class represented by this object.  For example,
 832      * given the declaration:
 833      * <blockquote>
 834      * {@code class Shimmer implements FloorWax, DessertTopping { ... }}
 835      * </blockquote>
 836      * suppose the value of {@code s} is an instance of
 837      * {@code Shimmer}; the value of the expression:
 838      * <blockquote>
 839      * {@code s.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]}
 840      * </blockquote>
 841      * is the {@code Class} object that represents interface
 842      * {@code FloorWax}; and the value of:
 843      * <blockquote>
 844      * {@code s.getClass().getInterfaces()[1]}
 845      * </blockquote>
 846      * is the {@code Class} object that represents interface
 847      * {@code DessertTopping}.
 848      *
 849      * <p>If this object represents an interface, the array contains objects
 850      * representing all interfaces directly extended by the interface.  The
 851      * order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of
 852      * the interface names in the {@code extends} clause of the declaration of
 853      * the interface represented by this object.
 854      *
 855      * <p>If this object represents a class or interface that implements no
 856      * interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.
 857      *
 858      * <p>If this object represents a primitive type or void, the method
 859      * returns an array of length 0.
 860      *
 861      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, the
 862      * interfaces {@code Cloneable} and {@code java.io.Serializable} are
 863      * returned in that order.
 864      *
 865      * @return an array of interfaces directly implemented by this class
 866      */
 867     public Class<?>[] getInterfaces() {
 868         return getInterfaces(true);
 869     }
 870 
 871     private Class<?>[] getInterfaces(boolean cloneArray) {
 872         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
 873         if (rd == null) {
 874             // no cloning required
 875             return getInterfaces0();
 876         } else {
 877             Class<?>[] interfaces = rd.interfaces;
 878             if (interfaces == null) {
 879                 interfaces = getInterfaces0();
 880                 rd.interfaces = interfaces;
 881             }
 882             // defensively copy cached array before handing over to user code
 883             return cloneArray ? interfaces.clone() : interfaces;
 884         }
 885     }
 886 
 887     private native Class<?>[] getInterfaces0();
 888 
 889     /**
 890      * Returns the {@code Type}s representing the interfaces
 891      * directly implemented by the class or interface represented by
 892      * this object.
 893      *
 894      * <p>If a superinterface is a parameterized type, the
 895      * {@code Type} object returned for it must accurately reflect
 896      * the actual type parameters used in the source code. The
 897      * parameterized type representing each superinterface is created
 898      * if it had not been created before. See the declaration of
 899      * {@link java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType}
 900      * for the semantics of the creation process for parameterized
 901      * types.
 902      *
 903      * <p>If this object represents a class, the return value is an array
 904      * containing objects representing all interfaces directly implemented by
 905      * the class.  The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds
 906      * to the order of the interface names in the {@code implements} clause of
 907      * the declaration of the class represented by this object.
 908      *
 909      * <p>If this object represents an interface, the array contains objects
 910      * representing all interfaces directly extended by the interface.  The
 911      * order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of
 912      * the interface names in the {@code extends} clause of the declaration of
 913      * the interface represented by this object.
 914      *
 915      * <p>If this object represents a class or interface that implements no
 916      * interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.
 917      *
 918      * <p>If this object represents a primitive type or void, the method
 919      * returns an array of length 0.
 920      *
 921      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, the
 922      * interfaces {@code Cloneable} and {@code java.io.Serializable} are
 923      * returned in that order.
 924      *
 925      * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError
 926      *     if the generic class signature does not conform to the format
 927      *     specified in
 928      *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
 929      * @throws TypeNotPresentException if any of the generic
 930      *     superinterfaces refers to a non-existent type declaration
 931      * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException
 932      *     if any of the generic superinterfaces refer to a parameterized
 933      *     type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
 934      * @return an array of interfaces directly implemented by this class
 935      * @since 1.5
 936      */
 937     public Type[] getGenericInterfaces() {
 938         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
 939         return (info == null) ?  getInterfaces() : info.getSuperInterfaces();
 940     }
 941 
 942 
 943     /**
 944      * Returns the {@code Class} representing the component type of an
 945      * array.  If this class does not represent an array class this method
 946      * returns null.
 947      *
 948      * @return the {@code Class} representing the component type of this
 949      * class if this class is an array
 950      * @see     java.lang.reflect.Array
 951      * @since 1.1
 952      */
 953     public Class<?> getComponentType() {
 954         // Only return for array types. Storage may be reused for Class for instance types.
 955         if (isArray()) {
 956             return componentType;
 957         } else {
 958             return null;
 959         }
 960     }
 961 
 962     private final Class<?> componentType;
 963 
 964 
 965     /**
 966      * Returns the Java language modifiers for this class or interface, encoded
 967      * in an integer. The modifiers consist of the Java Virtual Machine's
 968      * constants for {@code public}, {@code protected},
 969      * {@code private}, {@code final}, {@code static},
 970      * {@code abstract} and {@code interface}; they should be decoded
 971      * using the methods of class {@code Modifier}.
 972      *
 973      * <p> If the underlying class is an array class, then its
 974      * {@code public}, {@code private} and {@code protected}
 975      * modifiers are the same as those of its component type.  If this
 976      * {@code Class} represents a primitive type or void, its
 977      * {@code public} modifier is always {@code true}, and its
 978      * {@code protected} and {@code private} modifiers are always
 979      * {@code false}. If this object represents an array class, a
 980      * primitive type or void, then its {@code final} modifier is always
 981      * {@code true} and its interface modifier is always
 982      * {@code false}. The values of its other modifiers are not determined
 983      * by this specification.
 984      *
 985      * <p> The modifier encodings are defined in <em>The Java Virtual Machine
 986      * Specification</em>, table 4.1.
 987      *
 988      * @return the {@code int} representing the modifiers for this class
 989      * @see     java.lang.reflect.Modifier
 990      * @since 1.1
 991      */
 992     public native int getModifiers();
 993 
 994 
 995     /**
 996      * Gets the signers of this class.
 997      *
 998      * @return  the signers of this class, or null if there are no signers.  In
 999      *          particular, this method returns null if this object represents
1000      *          a primitive type or void.
1001      * @since   1.1
1002      */
1003     public native Object[] getSigners();
1004 
1005 
1006     /**
1007      * Set the signers of this class.
1008      */
1009     native void setSigners(Object[] signers);
1010 
1011 
1012     /**
1013      * If this {@code Class} object represents a local or anonymous
1014      * class within a method, returns a {@link
1015      * java.lang.reflect.Method Method} object representing the
1016      * immediately enclosing method of the underlying class. Returns
1017      * {@code null} otherwise.
1018      *
1019      * In particular, this method returns {@code null} if the underlying
1020      * class is a local or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type
1021      * declaration, instance initializer or static initializer.
1022      *
1023      * @return the immediately enclosing method of the underlying class, if
1024      *     that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise {@code null}.
1025      *
1026      * @throws SecurityException
1027      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1028      *         following conditions is met:
1029      *
1030      *         <ul>
1031      *
1032      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1033      *         class loader of the enclosing class and invocation of
1034      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1035      *         s.checkPermission} method with
1036      *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1037      *         denies access to the methods within the enclosing class
1038      *
1039      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1040      *         ancestor of the class loader for the enclosing class and
1041      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1042      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1043      *         of the enclosing class
1044      *
1045      *         </ul>
1046      * @since 1.5
1047      */
1048     @CallerSensitive
1049     public Method getEnclosingMethod() throws SecurityException {
1050         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1051 
1052         if (enclosingInfo == null)
1053             return null;
1054         else {
1055             if (!enclosingInfo.isMethod())
1056                 return null;
1057 
1058             MethodRepository typeInfo = MethodRepository.make(enclosingInfo.getDescriptor(),
1059                                                               getFactory());
1060             Class<?>   returnType       = toClass(typeInfo.getReturnType());
1061             Type []    parameterTypes   = typeInfo.getParameterTypes();
1062             Class<?>[] parameterClasses = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];
1063 
1064             // Convert Types to Classes; returned types *should*
1065             // be class objects since the methodDescriptor's used
1066             // don't have generics information
1067             for(int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++)
1068                 parameterClasses[i] = toClass(parameterTypes[i]);
1069 
1070             // Perform access check
1071             final Class<?> enclosingCandidate = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1072             enclosingCandidate.checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED,
1073                                                  Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1074             // Client is ok to access declared methods but j.l.Class might not be.
1075             Method[] candidates = AccessController.doPrivileged(
1076                     new PrivilegedAction<Method[]>() {
1077                         @Override
1078                         public Method[] run() {
1079                             return enclosingCandidate.getDeclaredMethods();
1080                         }
1081                     });
1082             /*
1083              * Loop over all declared methods; match method name,
1084              * number of and type of parameters, *and* return
1085              * type.  Matching return type is also necessary
1086              * because of covariant returns, etc.
1087              */
1088             for(Method m: candidates) {
1089                 if (m.getName().equals(enclosingInfo.getName()) ) {
1090                     Class<?>[] candidateParamClasses = m.getParameterTypes();
1091                     if (candidateParamClasses.length == parameterClasses.length) {
1092                         boolean matches = true;
1093                         for(int i = 0; i < candidateParamClasses.length; i++) {
1094                             if (!candidateParamClasses[i].equals(parameterClasses[i])) {
1095                                 matches = false;
1096                                 break;
1097                             }
1098                         }
1099 
1100                         if (matches) { // finally, check return type
1101                             if (m.getReturnType().equals(returnType) )
1102                                 return m;
1103                         }
1104                     }
1105                 }
1106             }
1107 
1108             throw new InternalError("Enclosing method not found");
1109         }
1110     }
1111 
1112     private native Object[] getEnclosingMethod0();
1113 
1114     private EnclosingMethodInfo getEnclosingMethodInfo() {
1115         Object[] enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethod0();
1116         if (enclosingInfo == null)
1117             return null;
1118         else {
1119             return new EnclosingMethodInfo(enclosingInfo);
1120         }
1121     }
1122 
1123     private final static class EnclosingMethodInfo {
1124         private Class<?> enclosingClass;
1125         private String name;
1126         private String descriptor;
1127 
1128         private EnclosingMethodInfo(Object[] enclosingInfo) {
1129             if (enclosingInfo.length != 3)
1130                 throw new InternalError("Malformed enclosing method information");
1131             try {
1132                 // The array is expected to have three elements:
1133 
1134                 // the immediately enclosing class
1135                 enclosingClass = (Class<?>) enclosingInfo[0];
1136                 assert(enclosingClass != null);
1137 
1138                 // the immediately enclosing method or constructor's
1139                 // name (can be null).
1140                 name            = (String)   enclosingInfo[1];
1141 
1142                 // the immediately enclosing method or constructor's
1143                 // descriptor (null iff name is).
1144                 descriptor      = (String)   enclosingInfo[2];
1145                 assert((name != null && descriptor != null) || name == descriptor);
1146             } catch (ClassCastException cce) {
1147                 throw new InternalError("Invalid type in enclosing method information", cce);
1148             }
1149         }
1150 
1151         boolean isPartial() {
1152             return enclosingClass == null || name == null || descriptor == null;
1153         }
1154 
1155         boolean isConstructor() { return !isPartial() && "<init>".equals(name); }
1156 
1157         boolean isMethod() { return !isPartial() && !isConstructor() && !"<clinit>".equals(name); }
1158 
1159         Class<?> getEnclosingClass() { return enclosingClass; }
1160 
1161         String getName() { return name; }
1162 
1163         String getDescriptor() { return descriptor; }
1164 
1165     }
1166 
1167     private static Class<?> toClass(Type o) {
1168         if (o instanceof GenericArrayType)
1169             return Array.newInstance(toClass(((GenericArrayType)o).getGenericComponentType()),
1170                                      0)
1171                 .getClass();
1172         return (Class<?>)o;
1173      }
1174 
1175     /**
1176      * If this {@code Class} object represents a local or anonymous
1177      * class within a constructor, returns a {@link
1178      * java.lang.reflect.Constructor Constructor} object representing
1179      * the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying
1180      * class. Returns {@code null} otherwise.  In particular, this
1181      * method returns {@code null} if the underlying class is a local
1182      * or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type declaration,
1183      * instance initializer or static initializer.
1184      *
1185      * @return the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying class, if
1186      *     that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise {@code null}.
1187      * @throws SecurityException
1188      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1189      *         following conditions is met:
1190      *
1191      *         <ul>
1192      *
1193      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1194      *         class loader of the enclosing class and invocation of
1195      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1196      *         s.checkPermission} method with
1197      *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1198      *         denies access to the constructors within the enclosing class
1199      *
1200      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1201      *         ancestor of the class loader for the enclosing class and
1202      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1203      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1204      *         of the enclosing class
1205      *
1206      *         </ul>
1207      * @since 1.5
1208      */
1209     @CallerSensitive
1210     public Constructor<?> getEnclosingConstructor() throws SecurityException {
1211         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1212 
1213         if (enclosingInfo == null)
1214             return null;
1215         else {
1216             if (!enclosingInfo.isConstructor())
1217                 return null;
1218 
1219             ConstructorRepository typeInfo = ConstructorRepository.make(enclosingInfo.getDescriptor(),
1220                                                                         getFactory());
1221             Type []    parameterTypes   = typeInfo.getParameterTypes();
1222             Class<?>[] parameterClasses = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];
1223 
1224             // Convert Types to Classes; returned types *should*
1225             // be class objects since the methodDescriptor's used
1226             // don't have generics information
1227             for(int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++)
1228                 parameterClasses[i] = toClass(parameterTypes[i]);
1229 
1230             // Perform access check
1231             final Class<?> enclosingCandidate = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1232             enclosingCandidate.checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED,
1233                                                  Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1234             // Client is ok to access declared methods but j.l.Class might not be.
1235             Constructor<?>[] candidates = AccessController.doPrivileged(
1236                     new PrivilegedAction<Constructor<?>[]>() {
1237                         @Override
1238                         public Constructor<?>[] run() {
1239                             return enclosingCandidate.getDeclaredConstructors();
1240                         }
1241                     });
1242             /*
1243              * Loop over all declared constructors; match number
1244              * of and type of parameters.
1245              */
1246             for(Constructor<?> c: candidates) {
1247                 Class<?>[] candidateParamClasses = c.getParameterTypes();
1248                 if (candidateParamClasses.length == parameterClasses.length) {
1249                     boolean matches = true;
1250                     for(int i = 0; i < candidateParamClasses.length; i++) {
1251                         if (!candidateParamClasses[i].equals(parameterClasses[i])) {
1252                             matches = false;
1253                             break;
1254                         }
1255                     }
1256 
1257                     if (matches)
1258                         return c;
1259                 }
1260             }
1261 
1262             throw new InternalError("Enclosing constructor not found");
1263         }
1264     }
1265 
1266 
1267     /**
1268      * If the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object
1269      * is a member of another class, returns the {@code Class} object
1270      * representing the class in which it was declared.  This method returns
1271      * null if this class or interface is not a member of any other class.  If
1272      * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, a primitive
1273      * type, or void,then this method returns null.
1274      *
1275      * @return the declaring class for this class
1276      * @throws SecurityException
1277      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
1278      *         class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
1279      *         loader for the declaring class and invocation of {@link
1280      *         SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
1281      *         denies access to the package of the declaring class
1282      * @since 1.1
1283      */
1284     @CallerSensitive
1285     public Class<?> getDeclaringClass() throws SecurityException {
1286         final Class<?> candidate = getDeclaringClass0();
1287 
1288         if (candidate != null)
1289             candidate.checkPackageAccess(
1290                     ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
1291         return candidate;
1292     }
1293 
1294     private native Class<?> getDeclaringClass0();
1295 
1296 
1297     /**
1298      * Returns the immediately enclosing class of the underlying
1299      * class.  If the underlying class is a top level class this
1300      * method returns {@code null}.
1301      * @return the immediately enclosing class of the underlying class
1302      * @exception  SecurityException
1303      *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
1304      *             class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
1305      *             loader for the enclosing class and invocation of {@link
1306      *             SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
1307      *             denies access to the package of the enclosing class
1308      * @since 1.5
1309      */
1310     @CallerSensitive
1311     public Class<?> getEnclosingClass() throws SecurityException {
1312         // There are five kinds of classes (or interfaces):
1313         // a) Top level classes
1314         // b) Nested classes (static member classes)
1315         // c) Inner classes (non-static member classes)
1316         // d) Local classes (named classes declared within a method)
1317         // e) Anonymous classes
1318 
1319 
1320         // JVM Spec 4.8.6: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
1321         // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
1322         // anonymous class.
1323         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1324         Class<?> enclosingCandidate;
1325 
1326         if (enclosingInfo == null) {
1327             // This is a top level or a nested class or an inner class (a, b, or c)
1328             enclosingCandidate = getDeclaringClass();
1329         } else {
1330             Class<?> enclosingClass = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1331             // This is a local class or an anonymous class (d or e)
1332             if (enclosingClass == this || enclosingClass == null)
1333                 throw new InternalError("Malformed enclosing method information");
1334             else
1335                 enclosingCandidate = enclosingClass;
1336         }
1337 
1338         if (enclosingCandidate != null)
1339             enclosingCandidate.checkPackageAccess(
1340                     ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
1341         return enclosingCandidate;
1342     }
1343 
1344     /**
1345      * Returns the simple name of the underlying class as given in the
1346      * source code. Returns an empty string if the underlying class is
1347      * anonymous.
1348      *
1349      * <p>The simple name of an array is the simple name of the
1350      * component type with "[]" appended.  In particular the simple
1351      * name of an array whose component type is anonymous is "[]".
1352      *
1353      * @return the simple name of the underlying class
1354      * @since 1.5
1355      */
1356     public String getSimpleName() {
1357         if (isArray())
1358             return getComponentType().getSimpleName()+"[]";
1359 
1360         String simpleName = getSimpleBinaryName();
1361         if (simpleName == null) { // top level class
1362             simpleName = getName();
1363             return simpleName.substring(simpleName.lastIndexOf('.')+1); // strip the package name
1364         }
1365         // According to JLS3 "Binary Compatibility" (13.1) the binary
1366         // name of non-package classes (not top level) is the binary
1367         // name of the immediately enclosing class followed by a '$' followed by:
1368         // (for nested and inner classes): the simple name.
1369         // (for local classes): 1 or more digits followed by the simple name.
1370         // (for anonymous classes): 1 or more digits.
1371 
1372         // Since getSimpleBinaryName() will strip the binary name of
1373         // the immediately enclosing class, we are now looking at a
1374         // string that matches the regular expression "\$[0-9]*"
1375         // followed by a simple name (considering the simple of an
1376         // anonymous class to be the empty string).
1377 
1378         // Remove leading "\$[0-9]*" from the name
1379         int length = simpleName.length();
1380         if (length < 1 || simpleName.charAt(0) != '$')
1381             throw new InternalError("Malformed class name");
1382         int index = 1;
1383         while (index < length && isAsciiDigit(simpleName.charAt(index)))
1384             index++;
1385         // Eventually, this is the empty string iff this is an anonymous class
1386         return simpleName.substring(index);
1387     }
1388 
1389     /**
1390      * Return an informative string for the name of this type.
1391      *
1392      * @return an informative string for the name of this type
1393      * @since 1.8
1394      */
1395     public String getTypeName() {
1396         if (isArray()) {
1397             try {
1398                 Class<?> cl = this;
1399                 int dimensions = 0;
1400                 while (cl.isArray()) {
1401                     dimensions++;
1402                     cl = cl.getComponentType();
1403                 }
1404                 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
1405                 sb.append(cl.getName());
1406                 for (int i = 0; i < dimensions; i++) {
1407                     sb.append("[]");
1408                 }
1409                 return sb.toString();
1410             } catch (Throwable e) { /*FALLTHRU*/ }
1411         }
1412         return getName();
1413     }
1414 
1415     /**
1416      * Character.isDigit answers {@code true} to some non-ascii
1417      * digits.  This one does not.
1418      */
1419     private static boolean isAsciiDigit(char c) {
1420         return '0' <= c && c <= '9';
1421     }
1422 
1423     /**
1424      * Returns the canonical name of the underlying class as
1425      * defined by the Java Language Specification.  Returns null if
1426      * the underlying class does not have a canonical name (i.e., if
1427      * it is a local or anonymous class or an array whose component
1428      * type does not have a canonical name).
1429      * @return the canonical name of the underlying class if it exists, and
1430      * {@code null} otherwise.
1431      * @since 1.5
1432      */
1433     public String getCanonicalName() {
1434         if (isArray()) {
1435             String canonicalName = getComponentType().getCanonicalName();
1436             if (canonicalName != null)
1437                 return canonicalName + "[]";
1438             else
1439                 return null;
1440         }
1441         if (isLocalOrAnonymousClass())
1442             return null;
1443         Class<?> enclosingClass = getEnclosingClass();
1444         if (enclosingClass == null) { // top level class
1445             return getName();
1446         } else {
1447             String enclosingName = enclosingClass.getCanonicalName();
1448             if (enclosingName == null)
1449                 return null;
1450             return enclosingName + "." + getSimpleName();
1451         }
1452     }
1453 
1454     /**
1455      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
1456      * is an anonymous class.
1457      *
1458      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is an anonymous class.
1459      * @since 1.5
1460      */
1461     public boolean isAnonymousClass() {
1462         return "".equals(getSimpleName());
1463     }
1464 
1465     /**
1466      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
1467      * is a local class.
1468      *
1469      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a local class.
1470      * @since 1.5
1471      */
1472     public boolean isLocalClass() {
1473         return isLocalOrAnonymousClass() && !isAnonymousClass();
1474     }
1475 
1476     /**
1477      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
1478      * is a member class.
1479      *
1480      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a member class.
1481      * @since 1.5
1482      */
1483     public boolean isMemberClass() {
1484         return getSimpleBinaryName() != null && !isLocalOrAnonymousClass();
1485     }
1486 
1487     /**
1488      * Returns the "simple binary name" of the underlying class, i.e.,
1489      * the binary name without the leading enclosing class name.
1490      * Returns {@code null} if the underlying class is a top level
1491      * class.
1492      */
1493     private String getSimpleBinaryName() {
1494         Class<?> enclosingClass = getEnclosingClass();
1495         if (enclosingClass == null) // top level class
1496             return null;
1497         // Otherwise, strip the enclosing class' name
1498         try {
1499             return getName().substring(enclosingClass.getName().length());
1500         } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
1501             throw new InternalError("Malformed class name", ex);
1502         }
1503     }
1504 
1505     /**
1506      * Returns {@code true} if this is a local class or an anonymous
1507      * class.  Returns {@code false} otherwise.
1508      */
1509     private boolean isLocalOrAnonymousClass() {
1510         // JVM Spec 4.8.6: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
1511         // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
1512         // anonymous class.
1513         return getEnclosingMethodInfo() != null;
1514     }
1515 
1516     /**
1517      * Returns an array containing {@code Class} objects representing all
1518      * the public classes and interfaces that are members of the class
1519      * represented by this {@code Class} object.  This includes public
1520      * class and interface members inherited from superclasses and public class
1521      * and interface members declared by the class.  This method returns an
1522      * array of length 0 if this {@code Class} object has no public member
1523      * classes or interfaces.  This method also returns an array of length 0 if
1524      * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, an array
1525      * class, or void.
1526      *
1527      * @return the array of {@code Class} objects representing the public
1528      *         members of this class
1529      * @throws SecurityException
1530      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1531      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1532      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1533      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1534      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1535      *         of this class.
1536      *
1537      * @since 1.1
1538      */
1539     @CallerSensitive
1540     public Class<?>[] getClasses() {
1541         checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
1542 
1543         // Privileged so this implementation can look at DECLARED classes,
1544         // something the caller might not have privilege to do.  The code here
1545         // is allowed to look at DECLARED classes because (1) it does not hand
1546         // out anything other than public members and (2) public member access
1547         // has already been ok'd by the SecurityManager.
1548 
1549         return java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
1550             new java.security.PrivilegedAction<Class<?>[]>() {
1551                 public Class<?>[] run() {
1552                     List<Class<?>> list = new ArrayList<>();
1553                     Class<?> currentClass = Class.this;
1554                     while (currentClass != null) {
1555                         for (Class<?> m : currentClass.getDeclaredClasses()) {
1556                             if (Modifier.isPublic(m.getModifiers())) {
1557                                 list.add(m);
1558                             }
1559                         }
1560                         currentClass = currentClass.getSuperclass();
1561                     }
1562                     return list.toArray(new Class<?>[0]);
1563                 }
1564             });
1565     }
1566 
1567 
1568     /**
1569      * Returns an array containing {@code Field} objects reflecting all
1570      * the accessible public fields of the class or interface represented by
1571      * this {@code Class} object.
1572      *
1573      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with
1574      * no accessible public fields, then this method returns an array of length
1575      * 0.
1576      *
1577      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class, then this method
1578      * returns the public fields of the class and of all its superclasses and
1579      * superinterfaces.
1580      *
1581      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, then this
1582      * method returns the fields of the interface and of all its
1583      * superinterfaces.
1584      *
1585      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
1586      * type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0.
1587      *
1588      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
1589      * particular order.
1590      *
1591      * @return the array of {@code Field} objects representing the
1592      *         public fields
1593      * @throws SecurityException
1594      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1595      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1596      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1597      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1598      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1599      *         of this class.
1600      *
1601      * @since 1.1
1602      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
1603      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
1604      */
1605     @CallerSensitive
1606     public Field[] getFields() throws SecurityException {
1607         checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1608         return copyFields(privateGetPublicFields(null));
1609     }
1610 
1611 
1612     /**
1613      * Returns an array containing {@code Method} objects reflecting all the
1614      * public methods of the class or interface represented by this {@code
1615      * Class} object, including those declared by the class or interface and
1616      * those inherited from superclasses and superinterfaces.
1617      *
1618      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type that has multiple
1619      * public methods with the same name and parameter types, but different
1620      * return types, then the returned array has a {@code Method} object for
1621      * each such method.
1622      *
1623      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type with a class
1624      * initialization method {@code <clinit>}, then the returned array does
1625      * <em>not</em> have a corresponding {@code Method} object.
1626      *
1627      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then the
1628      * returned array has a {@code Method} object for each of the public
1629      * methods inherited by the array type from {@code Object}. It does not
1630      * contain a {@code Method} object for {@code clone()}.
1631      *
1632      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface then the
1633      * returned array does not contain any implicitly declared methods from
1634      * {@code Object}. Therefore, if no methods are explicitly declared in
1635      * this interface or any of its superinterfaces then the returned array
1636      * has length 0. (Note that a {@code Class} object which represents a class
1637      * always has public methods, inherited from {@code Object}.)
1638      *
1639      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or void,
1640      * then the returned array has length 0.
1641      *
1642      * <p> Static methods declared in superinterfaces of the class or interface
1643      * represented by this {@code Class} object are not considered members of
1644      * the class or interface.
1645      *
1646      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
1647      * particular order.
1648      *
1649      * @return the array of {@code Method} objects representing the
1650      *         public methods of this class
1651      * @throws SecurityException
1652      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1653      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1654      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1655      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1656      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1657      *         of this class.
1658      *
1659      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
1660      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
1661      * @since 1.1
1662      */
1663     @CallerSensitive
1664     public Method[] getMethods() throws SecurityException {
1665         checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1666         return copyMethods(privateGetPublicMethods());
1667     }
1668 
1669 
1670     /**
1671      * Returns an array containing {@code Constructor} objects reflecting
1672      * all the public constructors of the class represented by this
1673      * {@code Class} object.  An array of length 0 is returned if the
1674      * class has no public constructors, or if the class is an array class, or
1675      * if the class reflects a primitive type or void.
1676      *
1677      * Note that while this method returns an array of {@code
1678      * Constructor<T>} objects (that is an array of constructors from
1679      * this class), the return type of this method is {@code
1680      * Constructor<?>[]} and <em>not</em> {@code Constructor<T>[]} as
1681      * might be expected.  This less informative return type is
1682      * necessary since after being returned from this method, the
1683      * array could be modified to hold {@code Constructor} objects for
1684      * different classes, which would violate the type guarantees of
1685      * {@code Constructor<T>[]}.
1686      *
1687      * @return the array of {@code Constructor} objects representing the
1688      *         public constructors of this class
1689      * @throws SecurityException
1690      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1691      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1692      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1693      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1694      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1695      *         of this class.
1696      *
1697      * @since 1.1
1698      */
1699     @CallerSensitive
1700     public Constructor<?>[] getConstructors() throws SecurityException {
1701         checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1702         return copyConstructors(privateGetDeclaredConstructors(true));
1703     }
1704 
1705 
1706     /**
1707      * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified public member
1708      * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
1709      * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} specifying the
1710      * simple name of the desired field.
1711      *
1712      * <p> The field to be reflected is determined by the algorithm that
1713      * follows.  Let C be the class or interface represented by this object:
1714      *
1715      * <OL>
1716      * <LI> If C declares a public field with the name specified, that is the
1717      *      field to be reflected.</LI>
1718      * <LI> If no field was found in step 1 above, this algorithm is applied
1719      *      recursively to each direct superinterface of C. The direct
1720      *      superinterfaces are searched in the order they were declared.</LI>
1721      * <LI> If no field was found in steps 1 and 2 above, and C has a
1722      *      superclass S, then this algorithm is invoked recursively upon S.
1723      *      If C has no superclass, then a {@code NoSuchFieldException}
1724      *      is thrown.</LI>
1725      * </OL>
1726      *
1727      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
1728      * method does not find the {@code length} field of the array type.
1729      *
1730      * @param name the field name
1731      * @return the {@code Field} object of this class specified by
1732      *         {@code name}
1733      * @throws NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
1734      *         not found.
1735      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
1736      * @throws SecurityException
1737      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1738      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1739      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1740      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1741      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1742      *         of this class.
1743      *
1744      * @since 1.1
1745      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
1746      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
1747      */
1748     @CallerSensitive
1749     public Field getField(String name)
1750         throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
1751         checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1752         Field field = getField0(name);
1753         if (field == null) {
1754             throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
1755         }
1756         return getReflectionFactory().copyField(field);
1757     }
1758 
1759 
1760     /**
1761      * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified public
1762      * member method of the class or interface represented by this
1763      * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
1764      * {@code String} specifying the simple name of the desired method. The
1765      * {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of {@code Class}
1766      * objects that identify the method's formal parameter types, in declared
1767      * order. If {@code parameterTypes} is {@code null}, it is
1768      * treated as if it were an empty array.
1769      *
1770      * <p> If the {@code name} is "{@code <init>}" or "{@code <clinit>}" a
1771      * {@code NoSuchMethodException} is raised. Otherwise, the method to
1772      * be reflected is determined by the algorithm that follows.  Let C be the
1773      * class or interface represented by this object:
1774      * <OL>
1775      * <LI> C is searched for a <I>matching method</I>, as defined below. If a
1776      *      matching method is found, it is reflected.</LI>
1777      * <LI> If no matching method is found by step 1 then:
1778      *   <OL TYPE="a">
1779      *   <LI> If C is a class other than {@code Object}, then this algorithm is
1780      *        invoked recursively on the superclass of C.</LI>
1781      *   <LI> If C is the class {@code Object}, or if C is an interface, then
1782      *        the superinterfaces of C (if any) are searched for a matching
1783      *        method. If any such method is found, it is reflected.</LI>
1784      *   </OL></LI>
1785      * </OL>
1786      *
1787      * <p> To find a matching method in a class or interface C:&nbsp; If C
1788      * declares exactly one public method with the specified name and exactly
1789      * the same formal parameter types, that is the method reflected. If more
1790      * than one such method is found in C, and one of these methods has a
1791      * return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is
1792      * reflected; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily.
1793      *
1794      * <p>Note that there may be more than one matching method in a
1795      * class because while the Java language forbids a class to
1796      * declare multiple methods with the same signature but different
1797      * return types, the Java virtual machine does not.  This
1798      * increased flexibility in the virtual machine can be used to
1799      * implement various language features.  For example, covariant
1800      * returns can be implemented with {@linkplain
1801      * java.lang.reflect.Method#isBridge bridge methods}; the bridge
1802      * method and the method being overridden would have the same
1803      * signature but different return types.
1804      *
1805      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
1806      * method does not find the {@code clone()} method.
1807      *
1808      * <p> Static methods declared in superinterfaces of the class or interface
1809      * represented by this {@code Class} object are not considered members of
1810      * the class or interface.
1811      *
1812      * @param name the name of the method
1813      * @param parameterTypes the list of parameters
1814      * @return the {@code Method} object that matches the specified
1815      *         {@code name} and {@code parameterTypes}
1816      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found
1817      *         or if the name is "&lt;init&gt;"or "&lt;clinit&gt;".
1818      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
1819      * @throws SecurityException
1820      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1821      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1822      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1823      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1824      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1825      *         of this class.
1826      *
1827      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
1828      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
1829      * @since 1.1
1830      */
1831     @CallerSensitive
1832     public Method getMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
1833         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
1834         checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1835         Method method = getMethod0(name, parameterTypes, true);
1836         if (method == null) {
1837             throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + "." + name + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
1838         }
1839         return getReflectionFactory().copyMethod(method);
1840     }
1841 
1842 
1843     /**
1844      * Returns a {@code Constructor} object that reflects the specified
1845      * public constructor of the class represented by this {@code Class}
1846      * object. The {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
1847      * {@code Class} objects that identify the constructor's formal
1848      * parameter types, in declared order.
1849      *
1850      * If this {@code Class} object represents an inner class
1851      * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
1852      * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
1853      *
1854      * <p> The constructor to reflect is the public constructor of the class
1855      * represented by this {@code Class} object whose formal parameter
1856      * types match those specified by {@code parameterTypes}.
1857      *
1858      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
1859      * @return the {@code Constructor} object of the public constructor that
1860      *         matches the specified {@code parameterTypes}
1861      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
1862      * @throws SecurityException
1863      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1864      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1865      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1866      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1867      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1868      *         of this class.
1869      *
1870      * @since 1.1
1871      */
1872     @CallerSensitive
1873     public Constructor<T> getConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
1874         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
1875         checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1876         return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(
1877             getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.PUBLIC));
1878     }
1879 
1880 
1881     /**
1882      * Returns an array of {@code Class} objects reflecting all the
1883      * classes and interfaces declared as members of the class represented by
1884      * this {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
1885      * (package) access, and private classes and interfaces declared by the
1886      * class, but excludes inherited classes and interfaces.  This method
1887      * returns an array of length 0 if the class declares no classes or
1888      * interfaces as members, or if this {@code Class} object represents a
1889      * primitive type, an array class, or void.
1890      *
1891      * @return the array of {@code Class} objects representing all the
1892      *         declared members of this class
1893      * @throws SecurityException
1894      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1895      *         following conditions is met:
1896      *
1897      *         <ul>
1898      *
1899      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1900      *         class loader of this class and invocation of
1901      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1902      *         s.checkPermission} method with
1903      *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1904      *         denies access to the declared classes within this class
1905      *
1906      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1907      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1908      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1909      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1910      *         of this class
1911      *
1912      *         </ul>
1913      *
1914      * @since 1.1
1915      */
1916     @CallerSensitive
1917     public Class<?>[] getDeclaredClasses() throws SecurityException {
1918         checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
1919         return getDeclaredClasses0();
1920     }
1921 
1922 
1923     /**
1924      * Returns an array of {@code Field} objects reflecting all the fields
1925      * declared by the class or interface represented by this
1926      * {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
1927      * (package) access, and private fields, but excludes inherited fields.
1928      *
1929      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
1930      * declared fields, then this method returns an array of length 0.
1931      *
1932      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
1933      * type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0.
1934      *
1935      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
1936      * particular order.
1937      *
1938      * @return  the array of {@code Field} objects representing all the
1939      *          declared fields of this class
1940      * @throws  SecurityException
1941      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1942      *          following conditions is met:
1943      *
1944      *          <ul>
1945      *
1946      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1947      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
1948      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1949      *          s.checkPermission} method with
1950      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1951      *          denies access to the declared fields within this class
1952      *
1953      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1954      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1955      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1956      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1957      *          of this class
1958      *
1959      *          </ul>
1960      *
1961      * @since 1.1
1962      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
1963      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
1964      */
1965     @CallerSensitive
1966     public Field[] getDeclaredFields() throws SecurityException {
1967         checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1968         return copyFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false));
1969     }
1970 
1971 
1972     /**
1973      *
1974      * Returns an array containing {@code Method} objects reflecting all the
1975      * declared methods of the class or interface represented by this {@code
1976      * Class} object, including public, protected, default (package)
1977      * access, and private methods, but excluding inherited methods.
1978      *
1979      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type that has multiple
1980      * declared methods with the same name and parameter types, but different
1981      * return types, then the returned array has a {@code Method} object for
1982      * each such method.
1983      *
1984      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type that has a class
1985      * initialization method {@code <clinit>}, then the returned array does
1986      * <em>not</em> have a corresponding {@code Method} object.
1987      *
1988      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
1989      * declared methods, then the returned array has length 0.
1990      *
1991      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
1992      * type, or void, then the returned array has length 0.
1993      *
1994      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
1995      * particular order.
1996      *
1997      * @return  the array of {@code Method} objects representing all the
1998      *          declared methods of this class
1999      * @throws  SecurityException
2000      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2001      *          following conditions is met:
2002      *
2003      *          <ul>
2004      *
2005      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2006      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2007      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2008      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2009      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2010      *          denies access to the declared methods within this class
2011      *
2012      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2013      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2014      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2015      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2016      *          of this class
2017      *
2018      *          </ul>
2019      *
2020      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2021      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2022      * @since 1.1
2023      */
2024     @CallerSensitive
2025     public Method[] getDeclaredMethods() throws SecurityException {
2026         checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2027         return copyMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false));
2028     }
2029 
2030 
2031     /**
2032      * Returns an array of {@code Constructor} objects reflecting all the
2033      * constructors declared by the class represented by this
2034      * {@code Class} object. These are public, protected, default
2035      * (package) access, and private constructors.  The elements in the array
2036      * returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order.  If the
2037      * class has a default constructor, it is included in the returned array.
2038      * This method returns an array of length 0 if this {@code Class}
2039      * object represents an interface, a primitive type, an array class, or
2040      * void.
2041      *
2042      * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, section 8.2.
2043      *
2044      * @return  the array of {@code Constructor} objects representing all the
2045      *          declared constructors of this class
2046      * @throws  SecurityException
2047      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2048      *          following conditions is met:
2049      *
2050      *          <ul>
2051      *
2052      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2053      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2054      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2055      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2056      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2057      *          denies access to the declared constructors within this class
2058      *
2059      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2060      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2061      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2062      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2063      *          of this class
2064      *
2065      *          </ul>
2066      *
2067      * @since 1.1
2068      */
2069     @CallerSensitive
2070     public Constructor<?>[] getDeclaredConstructors() throws SecurityException {
2071         checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2072         return copyConstructors(privateGetDeclaredConstructors(false));
2073     }
2074 
2075 
2076     /**
2077      * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified declared
2078      * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
2079      * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} that specifies
2080      * the simple name of the desired field.
2081      *
2082      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2083      * method does not find the {@code length} field of the array type.
2084      *
2085      * @param name the name of the field
2086      * @return  the {@code Field} object for the specified field in this
2087      *          class
2088      * @throws  NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
2089      *          not found.
2090      * @throws  NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2091      * @throws  SecurityException
2092      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2093      *          following conditions is met:
2094      *
2095      *          <ul>
2096      *
2097      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2098      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2099      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2100      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2101      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2102      *          denies access to the declared field
2103      *
2104      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2105      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2106      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2107      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2108      *          of this class
2109      *
2110      *          </ul>
2111      *
2112      * @since 1.1
2113      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2114      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
2115      */
2116     @CallerSensitive
2117     public Field getDeclaredField(String name)
2118         throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
2119         checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2120         Field field = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false), name);
2121         if (field == null) {
2122             throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
2123         }
2124         return getReflectionFactory().copyField(field);
2125     }
2126 
2127 
2128     /**
2129      * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified
2130      * declared method of the class or interface represented by this
2131      * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
2132      * {@code String} that specifies the simple name of the desired
2133      * method, and the {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
2134      * {@code Class} objects that identify the method's formal parameter
2135      * types, in declared order.  If more than one method with the same
2136      * parameter types is declared in a class, and one of these methods has a
2137      * return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is
2138      * returned; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily.  If the
2139      * name is "&lt;init&gt;"or "&lt;clinit&gt;" a {@code NoSuchMethodException}
2140      * is raised.
2141      *
2142      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2143      * method does not find the {@code clone()} method.
2144      *
2145      * @param name the name of the method
2146      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2147      * @return  the {@code Method} object for the method of this class
2148      *          matching the specified name and parameters
2149      * @throws  NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
2150      * @throws  NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2151      * @throws  SecurityException
2152      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2153      *          following conditions is met:
2154      *
2155      *          <ul>
2156      *
2157      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2158      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2159      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2160      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2161      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2162      *          denies access to the declared method
2163      *
2164      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2165      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2166      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2167      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2168      *          of this class
2169      *
2170      *          </ul>
2171      *
2172      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2173      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2174      * @since 1.1
2175      */
2176     @CallerSensitive
2177     public Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2178         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
2179         checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2180         Method method = searchMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false), name, parameterTypes);
2181         if (method == null) {
2182             throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + "." + name + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
2183         }
2184         return getReflectionFactory().copyMethod(method);
2185     }
2186 
2187 
2188     /**
2189      * Returns a {@code Constructor} object that reflects the specified
2190      * constructor of the class or interface represented by this
2191      * {@code Class} object.  The {@code parameterTypes} parameter is
2192      * an array of {@code Class} objects that identify the constructor's
2193      * formal parameter types, in declared order.
2194      *
2195      * If this {@code Class} object represents an inner class
2196      * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
2197      * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
2198      *
2199      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2200      * @return  The {@code Constructor} object for the constructor with the
2201      *          specified parameter list
2202      * @throws  NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
2203      * @throws  SecurityException
2204      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2205      *          following conditions is met:
2206      *
2207      *          <ul>
2208      *
2209      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2210      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2211      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2212      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2213      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2214      *          denies access to the declared constructor
2215      *
2216      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2217      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2218      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2219      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2220      *          of this class
2221      *
2222      *          </ul>
2223      *
2224      * @since 1.1
2225      */
2226     @CallerSensitive
2227     public Constructor<T> getDeclaredConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2228         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
2229         checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2230         return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(
2231             getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.DECLARED));
2232     }
2233 
2234     /**
2235      * Finds a resource with a given name.  The rules for searching resources
2236      * associated with a given class are implemented by the defining
2237      * {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class.  This method
2238      * delegates to this object's class loader.  If this object was loaded by
2239      * the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to {@link
2240      * ClassLoader#getSystemResourceAsStream}.
2241      *
2242      * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
2243      * given resource name using this algorithm:
2244      *
2245      * <ul>
2246      *
2247      * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}
2248      * (<tt>'\u002f'</tt>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
2249      * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.
2250      *
2251      * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
2252      *
2253      * <blockquote>
2254      *   {@code modified_package_name/name}
2255      * </blockquote>
2256      *
2257      * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this
2258      * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}
2259      * (<tt>'\u002e'</tt>).
2260      *
2261      * </ul>
2262      *
2263      * @param  name name of the desired resource
2264      * @return      A {@link java.io.InputStream} object or {@code null} if
2265      *              no resource with this name is found
2266      * @throws  NullPointerException If {@code name} is {@code null}
2267      * @since  1.1
2268      */
2269      public InputStream getResourceAsStream(String name) {
2270         name = resolveName(name);
2271         ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2272         if (cl==null) {
2273             // A system class.
2274             return ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream(name);
2275         }
2276         return cl.getResourceAsStream(name);
2277     }
2278 
2279     /**
2280      * Finds a resource with a given name.  The rules for searching resources
2281      * associated with a given class are implemented by the defining
2282      * {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class.  This method
2283      * delegates to this object's class loader.  If this object was loaded by
2284      * the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to {@link
2285      * ClassLoader#getSystemResource}.
2286      *
2287      * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
2288      * given resource name using this algorithm:
2289      *
2290      * <ul>
2291      *
2292      * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}
2293      * (<tt>'\u002f'</tt>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
2294      * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.
2295      *
2296      * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
2297      *
2298      * <blockquote>
2299      *   {@code modified_package_name/name}
2300      * </blockquote>
2301      *
2302      * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this
2303      * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}
2304      * (<tt>'\u002e'</tt>).
2305      *
2306      * </ul>
2307      *
2308      * @param  name name of the desired resource
2309      * @return      A  {@link java.net.URL} object or {@code null} if no
2310      *              resource with this name is found
2311      * @since  1.1
2312      */
2313     public java.net.URL getResource(String name) {
2314         name = resolveName(name);
2315         ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2316         if (cl==null) {
2317             // A system class.
2318             return ClassLoader.getSystemResource(name);
2319         }
2320         return cl.getResource(name);
2321     }
2322 
2323 
2324 
2325     /** protection domain returned when the internal domain is null */
2326     private static java.security.ProtectionDomain allPermDomain;
2327 
2328 
2329     /**
2330      * Returns the {@code ProtectionDomain} of this class.  If there is a
2331      * security manager installed, this method first calls the security
2332      * manager's {@code checkPermission} method with a
2333      * {@code RuntimePermission("getProtectionDomain")} permission to
2334      * ensure it's ok to get the
2335      * {@code ProtectionDomain}.
2336      *
2337      * @return the ProtectionDomain of this class
2338      *
2339      * @throws SecurityException
2340      *        if a security manager exists and its
2341      *        {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow
2342      *        getting the ProtectionDomain.
2343      *
2344      * @see java.security.ProtectionDomain
2345      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
2346      * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
2347      * @since 1.2
2348      */
2349     public java.security.ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain() {
2350         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2351         if (sm != null) {
2352             sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.GET_PD_PERMISSION);
2353         }
2354         java.security.ProtectionDomain pd = getProtectionDomain0();
2355         if (pd == null) {
2356             if (allPermDomain == null) {
2357                 java.security.Permissions perms =
2358                     new java.security.Permissions();
2359                 perms.add(SecurityConstants.ALL_PERMISSION);
2360                 allPermDomain =
2361                     new java.security.ProtectionDomain(null, perms);
2362             }
2363             pd = allPermDomain;
2364         }
2365         return pd;
2366     }
2367 
2368 
2369     /**
2370      * Returns the ProtectionDomain of this class.
2371      */
2372     private native java.security.ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain0();
2373 
2374     /*
2375      * Return the Virtual Machine's Class object for the named
2376      * primitive type.
2377      */
2378     static native Class<?> getPrimitiveClass(String name);
2379 
2380     /*
2381      * Check if client is allowed to access members.  If access is denied,
2382      * throw a SecurityException.
2383      *
2384      * This method also enforces package access.
2385      *
2386      * <p> Default policy: allow all clients access with normal Java access
2387      * control.
2388      */
2389     private void checkMemberAccess(int which, Class<?> caller, boolean checkProxyInterfaces) {
2390         final SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
2391         if (s != null) {
2392             /* Default policy allows access to all {@link Member#PUBLIC} members,
2393              * as well as access to classes that have the same class loader as the caller.
2394              * In all other cases, it requires RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")
2395              * permission.
2396              */
2397             final ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller);
2398             final ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2399             if (which != Member.PUBLIC) {
2400                 if (ccl != cl) {
2401                     s.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.CHECK_MEMBER_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
2402                 }
2403             }
2404             this.checkPackageAccess(ccl, checkProxyInterfaces);
2405         }
2406     }
2407 
2408     /*
2409      * Checks if a client loaded in ClassLoader ccl is allowed to access this
2410      * class under the current package access policy. If access is denied,
2411      * throw a SecurityException.
2412      */
2413     private void checkPackageAccess(final ClassLoader ccl, boolean checkProxyInterfaces) {
2414         final SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
2415         if (s != null) {
2416             final ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2417 
2418             if (ReflectUtil.needsPackageAccessCheck(ccl, cl)) {
2419                 String name = this.getName();
2420                 int i = name.lastIndexOf('.');
2421                 if (i != -1) {
2422                     // skip the package access check on a proxy class in default proxy package
2423                     String pkg = name.substring(0, i);
2424                     if (!Proxy.isProxyClass(this) || ReflectUtil.isNonPublicProxyClass(this)) {
2425                         s.checkPackageAccess(pkg);
2426                     }
2427                 }
2428             }
2429             // check package access on the proxy interfaces
2430             if (checkProxyInterfaces && Proxy.isProxyClass(this)) {
2431                 ReflectUtil.checkProxyPackageAccess(ccl, this.getInterfaces());
2432             }
2433         }
2434     }
2435 
2436     /**
2437      * Add a package name prefix if the name is not absolute Remove leading "/"
2438      * if name is absolute
2439      */
2440     private String resolveName(String name) {
2441         if (name == null) {
2442             return name;
2443         }
2444         if (!name.startsWith("/")) {
2445             Class<?> c = this;
2446             while (c.isArray()) {
2447                 c = c.getComponentType();
2448             }
2449             String baseName = c.getName();
2450             int index = baseName.lastIndexOf('.');
2451             if (index != -1) {
2452                 name = baseName.substring(0, index).replace('.', '/')
2453                     +"/"+name;
2454             }
2455         } else {
2456             name = name.substring(1);
2457         }
2458         return name;
2459     }
2460 
2461     /**
2462      * Atomic operations support.
2463      */
2464     private static class Atomic {
2465         // initialize Unsafe machinery here, since we need to call Class.class instance method
2466         // and have to avoid calling it in the static initializer of the Class class...
2467         private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
2468         // offset of Class.reflectionData instance field
2469         private static final long reflectionDataOffset;
2470         // offset of Class.annotationType instance field
2471         private static final long annotationTypeOffset;
2472         // offset of Class.annotationData instance field
2473         private static final long annotationDataOffset;
2474 
2475         static {
2476             Field[] fields = Class.class.getDeclaredFields0(false); // bypass caches
2477             reflectionDataOffset = objectFieldOffset(fields, "reflectionData");
2478             annotationTypeOffset = objectFieldOffset(fields, "annotationType");
2479             annotationDataOffset = objectFieldOffset(fields, "annotationData");
2480         }
2481 
2482         private static long objectFieldOffset(Field[] fields, String fieldName) {
2483             Field field = searchFields(fields, fieldName);
2484             if (field == null) {
2485                 throw new Error("No " + fieldName + " field found in java.lang.Class");
2486             }
2487             return unsafe.objectFieldOffset(field);
2488         }
2489 
2490         static <T> boolean casReflectionData(Class<?> clazz,
2491                                              SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> oldData,
2492                                              SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> newData) {
2493             return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(clazz, reflectionDataOffset, oldData, newData);
2494         }
2495 
2496         static <T> boolean casAnnotationType(Class<?> clazz,
2497                                              AnnotationType oldType,
2498                                              AnnotationType newType) {
2499             return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(clazz, annotationTypeOffset, oldType, newType);
2500         }
2501 
2502         static <T> boolean casAnnotationData(Class<?> clazz,
2503                                              AnnotationData oldData,
2504                                              AnnotationData newData) {
2505             return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(clazz, annotationDataOffset, oldData, newData);
2506         }
2507     }
2508 
2509     /**
2510      * Reflection support.
2511      */
2512 
2513     // Caches for certain reflective results
2514     private static boolean useCaches = true;
2515 
2516     // reflection data that might get invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called
2517     private static class ReflectionData<T> {
2518         volatile Field[] declaredFields;
2519         volatile Field[] publicFields;
2520         volatile Method[] declaredMethods;
2521         volatile Method[] publicMethods;
2522         volatile Constructor<T>[] declaredConstructors;
2523         volatile Constructor<T>[] publicConstructors;
2524         // Intermediate results for getFields and getMethods
2525         volatile Field[] declaredPublicFields;
2526         volatile Method[] declaredPublicMethods;
2527         volatile Class<?>[] interfaces;
2528 
2529         // Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this ReflectionData instance
2530         final int redefinedCount;
2531 
2532         ReflectionData(int redefinedCount) {
2533             this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount;
2534         }
2535     }
2536 
2537     private volatile transient SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> reflectionData;
2538 
2539     // Incremented by the VM on each call to JVM TI RedefineClasses()
2540     // that redefines this class or a superclass.
2541     private volatile transient int classRedefinedCount = 0;
2542 
2543     // Lazily create and cache ReflectionData
2544     private ReflectionData<T> reflectionData() {
2545         SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> reflectionData = this.reflectionData;
2546         int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
2547         ReflectionData<T> rd;
2548         if (useCaches &&
2549             reflectionData != null &&
2550             (rd = reflectionData.get()) != null &&
2551             rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
2552             return rd;
2553         }
2554         // else no SoftReference or cleared SoftReference or stale ReflectionData
2555         // -> create and replace new instance
2556         return newReflectionData(reflectionData, classRedefinedCount);
2557     }
2558 
2559     private ReflectionData<T> newReflectionData(SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> oldReflectionData,
2560                                                 int classRedefinedCount) {
2561         if (!useCaches) return null;
2562 
2563         while (true) {
2564             ReflectionData<T> rd = new ReflectionData<>(classRedefinedCount);
2565             // try to CAS it...
2566             if (Atomic.casReflectionData(this, oldReflectionData, new SoftReference<>(rd))) {
2567                 return rd;
2568             }
2569             // else retry
2570             oldReflectionData = this.reflectionData;
2571             classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
2572             if (oldReflectionData != null &&
2573                 (rd = oldReflectionData.get()) != null &&
2574                 rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
2575                 return rd;
2576             }
2577         }
2578     }
2579 
2580     // Generic signature handling
2581     private native String getGenericSignature0();
2582 
2583     // Generic info repository; lazily initialized
2584     private volatile transient ClassRepository genericInfo;
2585 
2586     // accessor for factory
2587     private GenericsFactory getFactory() {
2588         // create scope and factory
2589         return CoreReflectionFactory.make(this, ClassScope.make(this));
2590     }
2591 
2592     // accessor for generic info repository;
2593     // generic info is lazily initialized
2594     private ClassRepository getGenericInfo() {
2595         ClassRepository genericInfo = this.genericInfo;
2596         if (genericInfo == null) {
2597             String signature = getGenericSignature0();
2598             if (signature == null) {
2599                 genericInfo = ClassRepository.NONE;
2600             } else {
2601                 genericInfo = ClassRepository.make(signature, getFactory());
2602             }
2603             this.genericInfo = genericInfo;
2604         }
2605         return (genericInfo != ClassRepository.NONE) ? genericInfo : null;
2606     }
2607 
2608     // Annotations handling
2609     native byte[] getRawAnnotations();
2610     // Since 1.8
2611     native byte[] getRawTypeAnnotations();
2612     static byte[] getExecutableTypeAnnotationBytes(Executable ex) {
2613         return getReflectionFactory().getExecutableTypeAnnotationBytes(ex);
2614     }
2615 
2616     native ConstantPool getConstantPool();
2617 
2618     //
2619     //
2620     // java.lang.reflect.Field handling
2621     //
2622     //
2623 
2624     // Returns an array of "root" fields. These Field objects must NOT
2625     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
2626     // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
2627     private Field[] privateGetDeclaredFields(boolean publicOnly) {
2628         checkInitted();
2629         Field[] res;
2630         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
2631         if (rd != null) {
2632             res = publicOnly ? rd.declaredPublicFields : rd.declaredFields;
2633             if (res != null) return res;
2634         }
2635         // No cached value available; request value from VM
2636         res = Reflection.filterFields(this, getDeclaredFields0(publicOnly));
2637         if (rd != null) {
2638             if (publicOnly) {
2639                 rd.declaredPublicFields = res;
2640             } else {
2641                 rd.declaredFields = res;
2642             }
2643         }
2644         return res;
2645     }
2646 
2647     // Returns an array of "root" fields. These Field objects must NOT
2648     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
2649     // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
2650     private Field[] privateGetPublicFields(Set<Class<?>> traversedInterfaces) {
2651         checkInitted();
2652         Field[] res;
2653         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
2654         if (rd != null) {
2655             res = rd.publicFields;
2656             if (res != null) return res;
2657         }
2658 
2659         // No cached value available; compute value recursively.
2660         // Traverse in correct order for getField().
2661         List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
2662         if (traversedInterfaces == null) {
2663             traversedInterfaces = new HashSet<>();
2664         }
2665 
2666         // Local fields
2667         Field[] tmp = privateGetDeclaredFields(true);
2668         addAll(fields, tmp);
2669 
2670         // Direct superinterfaces, recursively
2671         for (Class<?> c : getInterfaces(false)) {
2672             if (!traversedInterfaces.contains(c)) {
2673                 traversedInterfaces.add(c);
2674                 addAll(fields, c.privateGetPublicFields(traversedInterfaces));
2675             }
2676         }
2677 
2678         // Direct superclass, recursively
2679         if (!isInterface()) {
2680             Class<?> c = getSuperclass();
2681             if (c != null) {
2682                 addAll(fields, c.privateGetPublicFields(traversedInterfaces));
2683             }
2684         }
2685 
2686         res = new Field[fields.size()];
2687         fields.toArray(res);
2688         if (rd != null) {
2689             rd.publicFields = res;
2690         }
2691         return res;
2692     }
2693 
2694     private static void addAll(Collection<Field> c, Field[] o) {
2695         for (Field f : o) {
2696             c.add(f);
2697         }
2698     }
2699 
2700 
2701     //
2702     //
2703     // java.lang.reflect.Constructor handling
2704     //
2705     //
2706 
2707     // Returns an array of "root" constructors. These Constructor
2708     // objects must NOT be propagated to the outside world, but must
2709     // instead be copied via ReflectionFactory.copyConstructor.
2710     private Constructor<T>[] privateGetDeclaredConstructors(boolean publicOnly) {
2711         checkInitted();
2712         Constructor<T>[] res;
2713         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
2714         if (rd != null) {
2715             res = publicOnly ? rd.publicConstructors : rd.declaredConstructors;
2716             if (res != null) return res;
2717         }
2718         // No cached value available; request value from VM
2719         if (isInterface()) {
2720             @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
2721             Constructor<T>[] temporaryRes = (Constructor<T>[]) new Constructor<?>[0];
2722             res = temporaryRes;
2723         } else {
2724             res = getDeclaredConstructors0(publicOnly);
2725         }
2726         if (rd != null) {
2727             if (publicOnly) {
2728                 rd.publicConstructors = res;
2729             } else {
2730                 rd.declaredConstructors = res;
2731             }
2732         }
2733         return res;
2734     }
2735 
2736     //
2737     //
2738     // java.lang.reflect.Method handling
2739     //
2740     //
2741 
2742     // Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
2743     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
2744     // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
2745     private Method[] privateGetDeclaredMethods(boolean publicOnly) {
2746         checkInitted();
2747         Method[] res;
2748         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
2749         if (rd != null) {
2750             res = publicOnly ? rd.declaredPublicMethods : rd.declaredMethods;
2751             if (res != null) return res;
2752         }
2753         // No cached value available; request value from VM
2754         res = Reflection.filterMethods(this, getDeclaredMethods0(publicOnly));
2755         if (rd != null) {
2756             if (publicOnly) {
2757                 rd.declaredPublicMethods = res;
2758             } else {
2759                 rd.declaredMethods = res;
2760             }
2761         }
2762         return res;
2763     }
2764 
2765     private static final Method[] EMPTY_METHODS = new Method[0];
2766 
2767     // Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
2768     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
2769     // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
2770     private Method[] privateGetPublicMethods() {
2771         checkInitted();
2772         Method[] res;
2773         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
2774         if (rd != null) {
2775             res = rd.publicMethods;
2776             if (res != null) return res;
2777         }
2778 
2779         Method[] declaredMethods = privateGetDeclaredMethods(true);
2780         Class<?> superclass = getSuperclass();
2781         Class<?>[] interfaces = getInterfaces(false);
2782 
2783         // optimization:
2784         // if we don't have a superclass (either we are j.l.Object or an interface)
2785         // and don't have (super)interfaces either, then public methods consist
2786         // of declared public methods
2787         if (superclass == null && interfaces.length == 0) {
2788             res = declaredMethods;
2789         } else {
2790             // we have to do some logic
2791             Method[] superclassMethods = (superclass == null)
2792                                          ? EMPTY_METHODS
2793                                          : superclass.privateGetPublicMethods();
2794             Method[][] interfacesMethods = new Method[interfaces.length][];
2795             int interfacesMethodsCount = 0;
2796             for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
2797                 interfacesMethods[i] = interfaces[i].privateGetPublicMethods();
2798                 interfacesMethodsCount += interfacesMethods[i].length;
2799             }
2800 
2801             // ensure enough working capacity
2802             // (MethodTable implementation may not support dynamic resizing)
2803             MethodTable methodTable = MethodTable.newInstance(
2804                 declaredMethods.length +
2805                 superclassMethods.length +
2806                 interfacesMethodsCount
2807             );
2808 
2809             // declared methods first
2810             for (Method m : declaredMethods) {
2811                 methodTable.add(m);
2812             }
2813 
2814             // inherited methods from superclass
2815             for (Method m : superclassMethods) {
2816                 methodTable.addUnlessDeclaredExists(m, this);
2817             }
2818 
2819             // inherited methods from (super)interfaces
2820             for (Method[] ms : interfacesMethods) {
2821                 for (Method m : ms) {
2822                     // interface static methods are not inherited
2823                     if (!Modifier.isStatic(m.getModifiers())) {
2824                         methodTable.consolidate(m, this);
2825                     }
2826                 }
2827             }
2828 
2829             res = methodTable.getMethods();
2830         }
2831 
2832         if (rd != null) {
2833             rd.publicMethods = res;
2834         }
2835         return res;
2836     }
2837 
2838 
2839     //
2840     // Helpers for fetchers of one field, method, or constructor
2841     //
2842 
2843     /**
2844      * This method does not copy returned 'root' Field object. It MUST be copied
2845      * with ReflectionFactory before handed to any code outside java.lang.Class
2846      * or modified.
2847      */
2848     private static Field searchFields(Field[] fields, String name) {
2849         String internedName = name.intern();
2850         for (Field field : fields) {
2851             if (field.getName() == internedName) {
2852                 return field;
2853             }
2854         }
2855         return null;
2856     }
2857 
2858     /**
2859      * This method returns 'root' Field object. It MUST be copied with ReflectionFactory
2860      * before handed to any code outside java.lang.Class or modified.
2861      */
2862     private Field getField0(String name) throws NoSuchFieldException {
2863         // Note: the intent is that the search algorithm this routine
2864         // uses be equivalent to the ordering imposed by
2865         // privateGetPublicFields(). It fetches only the declared
2866         // public fields for each class, however, to reduce the number
2867         // of Field objects which have to be created for the common
2868         // case where the field being requested is declared in the
2869         // class which is being queried.
2870         Field res;
2871         // Search declared public fields
2872         if ((res = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(true), name)) != null) {
2873             return res;
2874         }
2875         // Direct superinterfaces, recursively
2876         Class<?>[] interfaces = getInterfaces(false);
2877         for (Class<?> c : interfaces) {
2878             if ((res = c.getField0(name)) != null) {
2879                 return res;
2880             }
2881         }
2882         // Direct superclass, recursively
2883         if (!isInterface()) {
2884             Class<?> c = getSuperclass();
2885             if (c != null) {
2886                 if ((res = c.getField0(name)) != null) {
2887                     return res;
2888                 }
2889             }
2890         }
2891         return null;
2892     }
2893 
2894     /**
2895      * This method does not copy returned 'root' Method object. It MUST be copied
2896      * with ReflectionFactory before handed to any code outside java.lang.Class
2897      * or modified.
2898      */
2899     private static Method searchMethods(Method[] methods,
2900                                         String name,
2901                                         Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
2902     {
2903         Method res = null;
2904         String internedName = name.intern();
2905         for (Method m : methods) {
2906             if (m.getName() == internedName
2907                 && arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes, m.getParameterTypes())
2908                 && (res == null
2909                     || res.getReturnType().isAssignableFrom(m.getReturnType())))
2910                 res = m;
2911         }
2912 
2913         return res;
2914     }
2915 
2916     /**
2917      * This method returns 'root' Method object. It MUST be copied with ReflectionFactory
2918      * before handed to any code outside java.lang.Class or modified.
2919      */
2920     private Method getMethod0(String name, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, boolean includeStaticMethods) {
2921         // Note: the intent is that the search algorithm this routine
2922         // uses be equivalent to the ordering imposed by
2923         // privateGetPublicMethods(). It fetches only the declared
2924         // public methods for each class, however, to reduce the
2925         // number of Method objects which have to be created for the
2926         // common case where the method being requested is declared in
2927         // the class which is being queried.
2928         Method res;
2929         // 1st search declared public methods
2930         if ((res = searchMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(true),
2931                                  name,
2932                                  parameterTypes)) != null &&
2933             (includeStaticMethods ||
2934              !Modifier.isStatic(res.getModifiers()))) {
2935             return res;
2936         }
2937 
2938         // 2nd we try the superclass.
2939         Class<? super T> superclass = getSuperclass();
2940         if (superclass != null &&
2941             (res = superclass.getMethod0(name, parameterTypes, includeStaticMethods)) != null) {
2942             return res;
2943         }
2944 
2945         // last we check (super) interfaces
2946         Class<?>[] interfaces = getInterfaces(false);
2947         if (interfaces.length == 0) {
2948             return null;
2949         }
2950         // have to construct a MethodTable to consolidate
2951         // public methods from (super)interfaces
2952         MethodTable methodTable = MethodTable.newInstance(interfaces.length);
2953         for (Class<?> c : interfaces) {
2954             if ((res = c.getMethod0(name, parameterTypes, false)) != null) {
2955                 methodTable.consolidate(res, this);
2956             }
2957         }
2958 
2959         // return the first method with the most specific return type
2960         return methodTable.getFirstMethodWithMostSpecificReturnType();
2961     }
2962 
2963     /**
2964      * This method returns 'root' Constructor object. It MUST be copied with ReflectionFactory
2965      * before handed to any code outside java.lang.Class or modified.
2966      */
2967     private Constructor<T> getConstructor0(Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
2968                                         int which) throws NoSuchMethodException
2969     {
2970         Constructor<T>[] constructors = privateGetDeclaredConstructors((which == Member.PUBLIC));
2971         for (Constructor<T> constructor : constructors) {
2972             if (arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes,
2973                                 constructor.getParameterTypes())) {
2974                 return constructor;
2975             }
2976         }
2977         throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + ".<init>" + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
2978     }
2979 
2980     //
2981     // Other helpers and base implementation
2982     //
2983 
2984     private static boolean arrayContentsEq(Object[] a1, Object[] a2) {
2985         if (a1 == null) {
2986             return a2 == null || a2.length == 0;
2987         }
2988 
2989         if (a2 == null) {
2990             return a1.length == 0;
2991         }
2992 
2993         if (a1.length != a2.length) {
2994             return false;
2995         }
2996 
2997         for (int i = 0; i < a1.length; i++) {
2998             if (a1[i] != a2[i]) {
2999                 return false;
3000             }
3001         }
3002 
3003         return true;
3004     }
3005 
3006     private static Field[] copyFields(Field[] arg) {
3007         Field[] out = new Field[arg.length];
3008         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3009         for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
3010             out[i] = fact.copyField(arg[i]);
3011         }
3012         return out;
3013     }
3014 
3015     private static Method[] copyMethods(Method[] arg) {
3016         Method[] out = new Method[arg.length];
3017         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3018         for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
3019             out[i] = fact.copyMethod(arg[i]);
3020         }
3021         return out;
3022     }
3023 
3024     private static <U> Constructor<U>[] copyConstructors(Constructor<U>[] arg) {
3025         Constructor<U>[] out = arg.clone();
3026         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3027         for (int i = 0; i < out.length; i++) {
3028             out[i] = fact.copyConstructor(out[i]);
3029         }
3030         return out;
3031     }
3032 
3033     private native Field[]       getDeclaredFields0(boolean publicOnly);
3034     private native Method[]      getDeclaredMethods0(boolean publicOnly);
3035     private native Constructor<T>[] getDeclaredConstructors0(boolean publicOnly);
3036     private native Class<?>[]   getDeclaredClasses0();
3037 
3038     private static String        argumentTypesToString(Class<?>[] argTypes) {
3039         StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(", ", "(", ")");
3040         if (argTypes != null) {
3041             for (int i = 0; i < argTypes.length; i++) {
3042                 Class<?> c = argTypes[i];
3043                 sj.add((c == null) ? "null" : c.getName());
3044             }
3045         }
3046         return sj.toString();
3047     }
3048 
3049     /** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.1 for interoperability */
3050     private static final long serialVersionUID = 3206093459760846163L;
3051 
3052 
3053     /**
3054      * Class Class is special cased within the Serialization Stream Protocol.
3055      *
3056      * A Class instance is written initially into an ObjectOutputStream in the
3057      * following format:
3058      * <pre>
3059      *      {@code TC_CLASS} ClassDescriptor
3060      *      A ClassDescriptor is a special cased serialization of
3061      *      a {@code java.io.ObjectStreamClass} instance.
3062      * </pre>
3063      * A new handle is generated for the initial time the class descriptor
3064      * is written into the stream. Future references to the class descriptor
3065      * are written as references to the initial class descriptor instance.
3066      *
3067      * @see java.io.ObjectStreamClass
3068      */
3069     private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields =
3070         new ObjectStreamField[0];
3071 
3072 
3073     /**
3074      * Returns the assertion status that would be assigned to this
3075      * class if it were to be initialized at the time this method is invoked.
3076      * If this class has had its assertion status set, the most recent
3077      * setting will be returned; otherwise, if any package default assertion
3078      * status pertains to this class, the most recent setting for the most
3079      * specific pertinent package default assertion status is returned;
3080      * otherwise, if this class is not a system class (i.e., it has a
3081      * class loader) its class loader's default assertion status is returned;
3082      * otherwise, the system class default assertion status is returned.
3083      * <p>
3084      * Few programmers will have any need for this method; it is provided
3085      * for the benefit of the JRE itself.  (It allows a class to determine at
3086      * the time that it is initialized whether assertions should be enabled.)
3087      * Note that this method is not guaranteed to return the actual
3088      * assertion status that was (or will be) associated with the specified
3089      * class when it was (or will be) initialized.
3090      *
3091      * @return the desired assertion status of the specified class.
3092      * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setClassAssertionStatus
3093      * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setPackageAssertionStatus
3094      * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setDefaultAssertionStatus
3095      * @since  1.4
3096      */
3097     public boolean desiredAssertionStatus() {
3098         ClassLoader loader = getClassLoader();
3099         // If the loader is null this is a system class, so ask the VM
3100         if (loader == null)
3101             return desiredAssertionStatus0(this);
3102 
3103         // If the classloader has been initialized with the assertion
3104         // directives, ask it. Otherwise, ask the VM.
3105         synchronized(loader.assertionLock) {
3106             if (loader.classAssertionStatus != null) {
3107                 return loader.desiredAssertionStatus(getName());
3108             }
3109         }
3110         return desiredAssertionStatus0(this);
3111     }
3112 
3113     // Retrieves the desired assertion status of this class from the VM
3114     private static native boolean desiredAssertionStatus0(Class<?> clazz);
3115 
3116     /**
3117      * Returns true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
3118      * source code.
3119      *
3120      * @return true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
3121      *     source code
3122      * @since 1.5
3123      */
3124     public boolean isEnum() {
3125         // An enum must both directly extend java.lang.Enum and have
3126         // the ENUM bit set; classes for specialized enum constants
3127         // don't do the former.
3128         return (this.getModifiers() & ENUM) != 0 &&
3129         this.getSuperclass() == java.lang.Enum.class;
3130     }
3131 
3132     // Fetches the factory for reflective objects
3133     private static ReflectionFactory getReflectionFactory() {
3134         if (reflectionFactory == null) {
3135             reflectionFactory =
3136                 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged
3137                     (new sun.reflect.ReflectionFactory.GetReflectionFactoryAction());
3138         }
3139         return reflectionFactory;
3140     }
3141     private static ReflectionFactory reflectionFactory;
3142 
3143     // To be able to query system properties as soon as they're available
3144     private static boolean initted = false;
3145     private static void checkInitted() {
3146         if (initted) return;
3147         AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
3148                 public Void run() {
3149                     // Tests to ensure the system properties table is fully
3150                     // initialized. This is needed because reflection code is
3151                     // called very early in the initialization process (before
3152                     // command-line arguments have been parsed and therefore
3153                     // these user-settable properties installed.) We assume that
3154                     // if System.out is non-null then the System class has been
3155                     // fully initialized and that the bulk of the startup code
3156                     // has been run.
3157 
3158                     if (System.out == null) {
3159                         // java.lang.System not yet fully initialized
3160                         return null;
3161                     }
3162 
3163                     // Doesn't use Boolean.getBoolean to avoid class init.
3164                     String val =
3165                         System.getProperty("sun.reflect.noCaches");
3166                     if (val != null && val.equals("true")) {
3167                         useCaches = false;
3168                     }
3169 
3170                     initted = true;
3171                     return null;
3172                 }
3173             });
3174     }
3175 
3176     /**
3177      * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
3178      * Class object does not represent an enum type.
3179      *
3180      * @return an array containing the values comprising the enum class
3181      *     represented by this Class object in the order they're
3182      *     declared, or null if this Class object does not
3183      *     represent an enum type
3184      * @since 1.5
3185      */
3186     public T[] getEnumConstants() {
3187         T[] values = getEnumConstantsShared();
3188         return (values != null) ? values.clone() : null;
3189     }
3190 
3191     /**
3192      * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
3193      * Class object does not represent an enum type;
3194      * identical to getEnumConstants except that the result is
3195      * uncloned, cached, and shared by all callers.
3196      */
3197     T[] getEnumConstantsShared() {
3198         if (enumConstants == null) {
3199             if (!isEnum()) return null;
3200             try {
3201                 final Method values = getMethod("values");
3202                 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
3203                     new java.security.PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
3204                         public Void run() {
3205                                 values.setAccessible(true);
3206                                 return null;
3207                             }
3208                         });
3209                 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3210                 T[] temporaryConstants = (T[])values.invoke(null);
3211                 enumConstants = temporaryConstants;
3212             }
3213             // These can happen when users concoct enum-like classes
3214             // that don't comply with the enum spec.
3215             catch (InvocationTargetException | NoSuchMethodException |
3216                    IllegalAccessException ex) { return null; }
3217         }
3218         return enumConstants;
3219     }
3220     private volatile transient T[] enumConstants = null;
3221 
3222     /**
3223      * Returns a map from simple name to enum constant.  This package-private
3224      * method is used internally by Enum to implement
3225      * {@code public static <T extends Enum<T>> T valueOf(Class<T>, String)}
3226      * efficiently.  Note that the map is returned by this method is
3227      * created lazily on first use.  Typically it won't ever get created.
3228      */
3229     Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory() {
3230         if (enumConstantDirectory == null) {
3231             T[] universe = getEnumConstantsShared();
3232             if (universe == null)
3233                 throw new IllegalArgumentException(
3234                     getName() + " is not an enum type");
3235             Map<String, T> m = new HashMap<>(2 * universe.length);
3236             for (T constant : universe)
3237                 m.put(((Enum<?>)constant).name(), constant);
3238             enumConstantDirectory = m;
3239         }
3240         return enumConstantDirectory;
3241     }
3242     private volatile transient Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory = null;
3243 
3244     /**
3245      * Casts an object to the class or interface represented
3246      * by this {@code Class} object.
3247      *
3248      * @param obj the object to be cast
3249      * @return the object after casting, or null if obj is null
3250      *
3251      * @throws ClassCastException if the object is not
3252      * null and is not assignable to the type T.
3253      *
3254      * @since 1.5
3255      */
3256     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3257     public T cast(Object obj) {
3258         if (obj != null && !isInstance(obj))
3259             throw new ClassCastException(cannotCastMsg(obj));
3260         return (T) obj;
3261     }
3262 
3263     private String cannotCastMsg(Object obj) {
3264         return "Cannot cast " + obj.getClass().getName() + " to " + getName();
3265     }
3266 
3267     /**
3268      * Casts this {@code Class} object to represent a subclass of the class
3269      * represented by the specified class object.  Checks that the cast
3270      * is valid, and throws a {@code ClassCastException} if it is not.  If
3271      * this method succeeds, it always returns a reference to this class object.
3272      *
3273      * <p>This method is useful when a client needs to "narrow" the type of
3274      * a {@code Class} object to pass it to an API that restricts the
3275      * {@code Class} objects that it is willing to accept.  A cast would
3276      * generate a compile-time warning, as the correctness of the cast
3277      * could not be checked at runtime (because generic types are implemented
3278      * by erasure).
3279      *
3280      * @param <U> the type to cast this class object to
3281      * @param clazz the class of the type to cast this class object to
3282      * @return this {@code Class} object, cast to represent a subclass of
3283      *    the specified class object.
3284      * @throws ClassCastException if this {@code Class} object does not
3285      *    represent a subclass of the specified class (here "subclass" includes
3286      *    the class itself).
3287      * @since 1.5
3288      */
3289     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3290     public <U> Class<? extends U> asSubclass(Class<U> clazz) {
3291         if (clazz.isAssignableFrom(this))
3292             return (Class<? extends U>) this;
3293         else
3294             throw new ClassCastException(this.toString());
3295     }
3296 
3297     /**
3298      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3299      * @since 1.5
3300      */
3301     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3302     public <A extends Annotation> A getAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
3303         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
3304 
3305         return (A) annotationData().annotations.get(annotationClass);
3306     }
3307 
3308     /**
3309      * {@inheritDoc}
3310      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3311      * @since 1.5
3312      */
3313     @Override
3314     public boolean isAnnotationPresent(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass) {
3315         return GenericDeclaration.super.isAnnotationPresent(annotationClass);
3316     }
3317 
3318     /**
3319      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3320      * @since 1.8
3321      */
3322     @Override
3323     public <A extends Annotation> A[] getAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass) {
3324         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
3325 
3326         AnnotationData annotationData = annotationData();
3327         return AnnotationSupport.getAssociatedAnnotations(annotationData.declaredAnnotations,
3328                                                           this,
3329                                                           annotationClass);
3330     }
3331 
3332     /**
3333      * @since 1.5
3334      */
3335     public Annotation[] getAnnotations() {
3336         return AnnotationParser.toArray(annotationData().annotations);
3337     }
3338 
3339     /**
3340      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3341      * @since 1.8
3342      */
3343     @Override
3344     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3345     public <A extends Annotation> A getDeclaredAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
3346         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
3347 
3348         return (A) annotationData().declaredAnnotations.get(annotationClass);
3349     }
3350 
3351     /**
3352      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3353      * @since 1.8
3354      */
3355     @Override
3356     public <A extends Annotation> A[] getDeclaredAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass) {
3357         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
3358 
3359         return AnnotationSupport.getDirectlyAndIndirectlyPresent(annotationData().declaredAnnotations,
3360                                                                  annotationClass);
3361     }
3362 
3363     /**
3364      * @since 1.5
3365      */
3366     public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations()  {
3367         return AnnotationParser.toArray(annotationData().declaredAnnotations);
3368     }
3369 
3370     // annotation data that might get invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called
3371     private static class AnnotationData {
3372         final Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations;
3373         final Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations;
3374 
3375         // Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this AnnotationData instance
3376         final int redefinedCount;
3377 
3378         AnnotationData(Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations,
3379                        Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations,
3380                        int redefinedCount) {
3381             this.annotations = annotations;
3382             this.declaredAnnotations = declaredAnnotations;
3383             this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount;
3384         }
3385     }
3386 
3387     // Annotations cache
3388     @SuppressWarnings("UnusedDeclaration")
3389     private volatile transient AnnotationData annotationData;
3390 
3391     private AnnotationData annotationData() {
3392         while (true) { // retry loop
3393             AnnotationData annotationData = this.annotationData;
3394             int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
3395             if (annotationData != null &&
3396                 annotationData.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
3397                 return annotationData;
3398             }
3399             // null or stale annotationData -> optimistically create new instance
3400             AnnotationData newAnnotationData = createAnnotationData(classRedefinedCount);
3401             // try to install it
3402             if (Atomic.casAnnotationData(this, annotationData, newAnnotationData)) {
3403                 // successfully installed new AnnotationData
3404                 return newAnnotationData;
3405             }
3406         }
3407     }
3408 
3409     private AnnotationData createAnnotationData(int classRedefinedCount) {
3410         Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations =
3411             AnnotationParser.parseAnnotations(getRawAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
3412         Class<?> superClass = getSuperclass();
3413         Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations = null;
3414         if (superClass != null) {
3415             Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> superAnnotations =
3416                 superClass.annotationData().annotations;
3417             for (Map.Entry<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> e : superAnnotations.entrySet()) {
3418                 Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass = e.getKey();
3419                 if (AnnotationType.getInstance(annotationClass).isInherited()) {
3420                     if (annotations == null) { // lazy construction
3421                         annotations = new LinkedHashMap<>((Math.max(
3422                                 declaredAnnotations.size(),
3423                                 Math.min(12, declaredAnnotations.size() + superAnnotations.size())
3424                             ) * 4 + 2) / 3
3425                         );
3426                     }
3427                     annotations.put(annotationClass, e.getValue());
3428                 }
3429             }
3430         }
3431         if (annotations == null) {
3432             // no inherited annotations -> share the Map with declaredAnnotations
3433             annotations = declaredAnnotations;
3434         } else {
3435             // at least one inherited annotation -> declared may override inherited
3436             annotations.putAll(declaredAnnotations);
3437         }
3438         return new AnnotationData(annotations, declaredAnnotations, classRedefinedCount);
3439     }
3440 
3441     // Annotation types cache their internal (AnnotationType) form
3442 
3443     @SuppressWarnings("UnusedDeclaration")
3444     private volatile transient AnnotationType annotationType;
3445 
3446     boolean casAnnotationType(AnnotationType oldType, AnnotationType newType) {
3447         return Atomic.casAnnotationType(this, oldType, newType);
3448     }
3449 
3450     AnnotationType getAnnotationType() {
3451         return annotationType;
3452     }
3453 
3454     Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> getDeclaredAnnotationMap() {
3455         return annotationData().declaredAnnotations;
3456     }
3457 
3458     /* Backing store of user-defined values pertaining to this class.
3459      * Maintained by the ClassValue class.
3460      */
3461     transient ClassValue.ClassValueMap classValueMap;
3462 
3463     /**
3464      * Returns an {@code AnnotatedType} object that represents the use of a
3465      * type to specify the superclass of the entity represented by this {@code
3466      * Class} object. (The <em>use</em> of type Foo to specify the superclass
3467      * in '...  extends Foo' is distinct from the <em>declaration</em> of type
3468      * Foo.)
3469      *
3470      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type whose declaration
3471      * does not explicitly indicate an annotated superclass, then the return
3472      * value is an {@code AnnotatedType} object representing an element with no
3473      * annotations.
3474      *
3475      * <p> If this {@code Class} represents either the {@code Object} class, an
3476      * interface type, an array type, a primitive type, or void, the return
3477      * value is {@code null}.
3478      *
3479      * @return an object representing the superclass
3480      * @since 1.8
3481      */
3482     public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedSuperclass() {
3483         if (this == Object.class ||
3484                 isInterface() ||
3485                 isArray() ||
3486                 isPrimitive() ||
3487                 this == Void.TYPE) {
3488             return null;
3489         }
3490 
3491         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedSuperclass(getRawTypeAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
3492     }
3493 
3494     /**
3495      * Returns an array of {@code AnnotatedType} objects that represent the use
3496      * of types to specify superinterfaces of the entity represented by this
3497      * {@code Class} object. (The <em>use</em> of type Foo to specify a
3498      * superinterface in '... implements Foo' is distinct from the
3499      * <em>declaration</em> of type Foo.)
3500      *
3501      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class, the return value is
3502      * an array containing objects representing the uses of interface types to
3503      * specify interfaces implemented by the class. The order of the objects in
3504      * the array corresponds to the order of the interface types used in the
3505      * 'implements' clause of the declaration of this {@code Class} object.
3506      *
3507      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, the return
3508      * value is an array containing objects representing the uses of interface
3509      * types to specify interfaces directly extended by the interface. The
3510      * order of the objects in the array corresponds to the order of the
3511      * interface types used in the 'extends' clause of the declaration of this
3512      * {@code Class} object.
3513      *
3514      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface whose
3515      * declaration does not explicitly indicate any annotated superinterfaces,
3516      * the return value is an array of length 0.
3517      *
3518      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents either the {@code Object}
3519      * class, an array type, a primitive type, or void, the return value is an
3520      * array of length 0.
3521      *
3522      * @return an array representing the superinterfaces
3523      * @since 1.8
3524      */
3525     public AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedInterfaces() {
3526          return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedInterfaces(getRawTypeAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
3527     }
3528 }