1 /*
   2  * Copyright © 2009  Red Hat, Inc.
   3  * Copyright © 2011  Google, Inc.
   4  *
   5  *  This is part of HarfBuzz, a text shaping library.
   6  *
   7  * Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and without
   8  * license or royalty fees, to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
   9  * software and its documentation for any purpose, provided that the
  10  * above copyright notice and the following two paragraphs appear in
  11  * all copies of this software.
  12  *
  13  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
  14  * DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
  15  * ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN
  16  * IF THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
  17  * DAMAGE.
  18  *
  19  * THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
  20  * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
  21  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS
  22  * ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS NO OBLIGATION TO
  23  * PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
  24  *
  25  * Red Hat Author(s): Behdad Esfahbod
  26  * Google Author(s): Behdad Esfahbod, Roozbeh Pournader
  27  */
  28 
  29 #include "hb-private.hh"
  30 
  31 
  32 /* hb_script_t */
  33 
  34 static hb_tag_t
  35 hb_ot_old_tag_from_script (hb_script_t script)
  36 {
  37   /* This seems to be accurate as of end of 2012. */
  38 
  39   switch ((hb_tag_t) script) {
  40     case HB_SCRIPT_INVALID:             return HB_OT_TAG_DEFAULT_SCRIPT;
  41 
  42     /* KATAKANA and HIRAGANA both map to 'kana' */
  43     case HB_SCRIPT_HIRAGANA:            return HB_TAG('k','a','n','a');
  44 
  45     /* Spaces at the end are preserved, unlike ISO 15924 */
  46     case HB_SCRIPT_LAO:                 return HB_TAG('l','a','o',' ');
  47     case HB_SCRIPT_YI:                  return HB_TAG('y','i',' ',' ');
  48     /* Unicode-5.0 additions */
  49     case HB_SCRIPT_NKO:                 return HB_TAG('n','k','o',' ');
  50     /* Unicode-5.1 additions */
  51     case HB_SCRIPT_VAI:                 return HB_TAG('v','a','i',' ');
  52     /* Unicode-5.2 additions */
  53     /* Unicode-6.0 additions */
  54   }
  55 
  56   /* Else, just change first char to lowercase and return */
  57   return ((hb_tag_t) script) | 0x20000000u;
  58 }
  59 
  60 static hb_script_t
  61 hb_ot_old_tag_to_script (hb_tag_t tag)
  62 {
  63   if (unlikely (tag == HB_OT_TAG_DEFAULT_SCRIPT))
  64     return HB_SCRIPT_INVALID;
  65 
  66   /* This side of the conversion is fully algorithmic. */
  67 
  68   /* Any spaces at the end of the tag are replaced by repeating the last
  69    * letter.  Eg 'nko ' -> 'Nkoo' */
  70   if (unlikely ((tag & 0x0000FF00u) == 0x00002000u))
  71     tag |= (tag >> 8) & 0x0000FF00u; /* Copy second letter to third */
  72   if (unlikely ((tag & 0x000000FFu) == 0x00000020u))
  73     tag |= (tag >> 8) & 0x000000FFu; /* Copy third letter to fourth */
  74 
  75   /* Change first char to uppercase and return */
  76   return (hb_script_t) (tag & ~0x20000000u);
  77 }
  78 
  79 static hb_tag_t
  80 hb_ot_new_tag_from_script (hb_script_t script)
  81 {
  82   switch ((hb_tag_t) script) {
  83     case HB_SCRIPT_BENGALI:             return HB_TAG('b','n','g','2');
  84     case HB_SCRIPT_DEVANAGARI:          return HB_TAG('d','e','v','2');
  85     case HB_SCRIPT_GUJARATI:            return HB_TAG('g','j','r','2');
  86     case HB_SCRIPT_GURMUKHI:            return HB_TAG('g','u','r','2');
  87     case HB_SCRIPT_KANNADA:             return HB_TAG('k','n','d','2');
  88     case HB_SCRIPT_MALAYALAM:           return HB_TAG('m','l','m','2');
  89     case HB_SCRIPT_ORIYA:               return HB_TAG('o','r','y','2');
  90     case HB_SCRIPT_TAMIL:               return HB_TAG('t','m','l','2');
  91     case HB_SCRIPT_TELUGU:              return HB_TAG('t','e','l','2');
  92     case HB_SCRIPT_MYANMAR:             return HB_TAG('m','y','m','2');
  93   }
  94 
  95   return HB_OT_TAG_DEFAULT_SCRIPT;
  96 }
  97 
  98 static hb_script_t
  99 hb_ot_new_tag_to_script (hb_tag_t tag)
 100 {
 101   switch (tag) {
 102     case HB_TAG('b','n','g','2'):       return HB_SCRIPT_BENGALI;
 103     case HB_TAG('d','e','v','2'):       return HB_SCRIPT_DEVANAGARI;
 104     case HB_TAG('g','j','r','2'):       return HB_SCRIPT_GUJARATI;
 105     case HB_TAG('g','u','r','2'):       return HB_SCRIPT_GURMUKHI;
 106     case HB_TAG('k','n','d','2'):       return HB_SCRIPT_KANNADA;
 107     case HB_TAG('m','l','m','2'):       return HB_SCRIPT_MALAYALAM;
 108     case HB_TAG('o','r','y','2'):       return HB_SCRIPT_ORIYA;
 109     case HB_TAG('t','m','l','2'):       return HB_SCRIPT_TAMIL;
 110     case HB_TAG('t','e','l','2'):       return HB_SCRIPT_TELUGU;
 111     case HB_TAG('m','y','m','2'):       return HB_SCRIPT_MYANMAR;
 112   }
 113 
 114   return HB_SCRIPT_UNKNOWN;
 115 }
 116 
 117 /*
 118  * Complete list at:
 119  * https://www.microsoft.com/typography/otspec/scripttags.htm
 120  * https://www.microsoft.com/typography/otspec160/scripttagsProposed.htm
 121  *
 122  * Most of the script tags are the same as the ISO 15924 tag but lowercased.
 123  * So we just do that, and handle the exceptional cases in a switch.
 124  */
 125 
 126 void
 127 hb_ot_tags_from_script (hb_script_t  script,
 128                         hb_tag_t    *script_tag_1,
 129                         hb_tag_t    *script_tag_2)
 130 {
 131   hb_tag_t new_tag;
 132 
 133   *script_tag_2 = HB_OT_TAG_DEFAULT_SCRIPT;
 134   *script_tag_1 = hb_ot_old_tag_from_script (script);
 135 
 136   new_tag = hb_ot_new_tag_from_script (script);
 137   if (unlikely (new_tag != HB_OT_TAG_DEFAULT_SCRIPT)) {
 138     *script_tag_2 = *script_tag_1;
 139     *script_tag_1 = new_tag;
 140   }
 141 }
 142 
 143 hb_script_t
 144 hb_ot_tag_to_script (hb_tag_t tag)
 145 {
 146   if (unlikely ((tag & 0x000000FFu) == '2'))
 147     return hb_ot_new_tag_to_script (tag);
 148 
 149   return hb_ot_old_tag_to_script (tag);
 150 }
 151 
 152 
 153 /* hb_language_t */
 154 
 155 typedef struct {
 156   char language[4];
 157   hb_tag_t tag;
 158 } LangTag;
 159 
 160 /*
 161  * Complete list at:
 162  * http://www.microsoft.com/typography/otspec/languagetags.htm
 163  *
 164  * Generated by intersecting the OpenType language tag list from
 165  * Draft OpenType 1.5 spec, with with the ISO 639-3 codes from
 166  * 2008-08-04, matching on name, and finally adjusted manually.
 167  *
 168  * Updated on 2012-12-07 with more research into remaining codes.
 169  *
 170  * Updated on 2013-11-23 based on usage in SIL and Microsoft fonts,
 171  * the new proposal from Microsoft, and latest ISO 639-3 names.
 172  *
 173  * Some items still missing.  Those are commented out at the end.
 174  * Keep sorted for bsearch.
 175  *
 176  * Updated as of 2015-05-06: OT1.7 on MS website has some newer
 177  * items that we don't have here, eg. Zazaki.  This is the new
 178  * items in OpenType 1.7 (red items), most of which we have:
 179  * http://www.microsoft.com/typography/otspec170/languagetags.htm
 180  */
 181 
 182 static const LangTag ot_languages[] = {
 183   {"aa",        HB_TAG('A','F','R',' ')},       /* Afar */
 184   {"ab",        HB_TAG('A','B','K',' ')},       /* Abkhazian */
 185   {"abq",       HB_TAG('A','B','A',' ')},       /* Abaza */
 186   {"acf",       HB_TAG('F','A','N',' ')},       /* French Antillean */
 187   {"ach",       HB_TAG('A','C','H',' ')},       /* Acoli */
 188   {"acr",       HB_TAG('A','C','R',' ')},       /* Achi */
 189   {"ada",       HB_TAG('D','N','G',' ')},       /* Dangme */
 190   {"ady",       HB_TAG('A','D','Y',' ')},       /* Adyghe */
 191   {"af",        HB_TAG('A','F','K',' ')},       /* Afrikaans */
 192   {"ahg",       HB_TAG('A','G','W',' ')},       /* Agaw */
 193   {"aii",       HB_TAG('S','W','A',' ')},       /* Swadaya Aramaic */
 194   {"aio",       HB_TAG('A','I','O',' ')},       /* Aiton */
 195   {"aiw",       HB_TAG('A','R','I',' ')},       /* Aari */
 196   {"ak",        HB_TAG('T','W','I',' ')},       /* Akan [macrolanguage] */
 197   {"aka",       HB_TAG('A','K','A',' ')},       /* Akan */
 198   {"alt",       HB_TAG('A','L','T',' ')},       /* [Southern] Altai */
 199   {"am",        HB_TAG('A','M','H',' ')},       /* Amharic */
 200   {"amf",       HB_TAG('H','B','N',' ')},       /* Hammer-Banna */
 201   {"amw",       HB_TAG('S','Y','R',' ')},       /* Western Neo-Aramaic */
 202   {"an",        HB_TAG('A','R','G',' ')},       /* Aragonese */
 203   {"ang",       HB_TAG('A','N','G',' ')},       /* Old English (ca. 450-1100) */
 204   {"ar",        HB_TAG('A','R','A',' ')},       /* Arabic [macrolanguage] */
 205   {"arb",       HB_TAG('A','R','A',' ')},       /* Standard Arabic */
 206   {"arn",       HB_TAG('M','A','P',' ')},       /* Mapudungun */
 207   {"ary",       HB_TAG('M','O','R',' ')},       /* Moroccan Arabic */
 208   {"as",        HB_TAG('A','S','M',' ')},       /* Assamese */
 209   {"ast",       HB_TAG('A','S','T',' ')},       /* Asturian/Asturleonese/Bable/Leonese */
 210   {"ath",       HB_TAG('A','T','H',' ')},       /* Athapaskan [family] */
 211   {"atj",       HB_TAG('R','C','R',' ')},       /* R-Cree */
 212   {"atv",       HB_TAG('A','L','T',' ')},       /* [Northern] Altai */
 213   {"av",        HB_TAG('A','V','R',' ')},       /* Avaric */
 214   {"awa",       HB_TAG('A','W','A',' ')},       /* Awadhi */
 215   {"ay",        HB_TAG('A','Y','M',' ')},       /* Aymara [macrolanguage] */
 216   {"az",        HB_TAG('A','Z','E',' ')},       /* Azerbaijani [macrolanguage] */
 217   {"azb",       HB_TAG('A','Z','B',' ')},       /* South Azerbaijani */
 218   {"azj",       HB_TAG('A','Z','E',' ')},       /* North Azerbaijani */
 219   {"ba",        HB_TAG('B','S','H',' ')},       /* Bashkir */
 220   {"bad",       HB_TAG('B','A','D','0')},       /* Banda */
 221   {"bai",       HB_TAG('B','M','L',' ')},       /* Bamileke [family] */
 222   {"bal",       HB_TAG('B','L','I',' ')},       /* Baluchi [macrolangauge] */
 223   {"ban",       HB_TAG('B','A','N',' ')},       /* Balinese */
 224   {"bar",       HB_TAG('B','A','R',' ')},       /* Bavarian */
 225   {"bbc",       HB_TAG('B','B','C',' ')},       /* Batak Toba */
 226   {"bci",       HB_TAG('B','A','U',' ')},       /* Baoulé */
 227   {"bcl",       HB_TAG('B','I','K',' ')},       /* Central Bikol */
 228   {"bcq",       HB_TAG('B','C','H',' ')},       /* Bench */
 229   {"bdy",       HB_TAG('B','D','Y',' ')},       /* Bandjalang */
 230   {"be",        HB_TAG('B','E','L',' ')},       /* Belarusian */
 231   {"bem",       HB_TAG('B','E','M',' ')},       /* Bemba (Zambia) */
 232   {"ber",       HB_TAG('B','E','R',' ')},       /* Berber [family] */
 233   {"bfq",       HB_TAG('B','A','D',' ')},       /* Badaga */
 234   {"bft",       HB_TAG('B','L','T',' ')},       /* Balti */
 235   {"bfu",       HB_TAG('L','A','H',' ')},       /* Lahuli */
 236   {"bfy",       HB_TAG('B','A','G',' ')},       /* Baghelkhandi */
 237   {"bg",        HB_TAG('B','G','R',' ')},       /* Bulgarian */
 238   {"bgc",       HB_TAG('B','G','C',' ')},       /* Haryanvi */
 239   {"bgq",       HB_TAG('B','G','Q',' ')},       /* Bagri */
 240   {"bgr",       HB_TAG('Q','I','N',' ')},       /* Bawm Chin */
 241   {"bhb",       HB_TAG('B','H','I',' ')},       /* Bhili */
 242   {"bhk",       HB_TAG('B','I','K',' ')},       /* Albay Bicolano (retired code) */
 243   {"bho",       HB_TAG('B','H','O',' ')},       /* Bhojpuri */
 244   {"bi",        HB_TAG('B','I','S',' ')},       /* Bislama */
 245   {"bik",       HB_TAG('B','I','K',' ')},       /* Bikol [macrolanguage] */
 246   {"bin",       HB_TAG('E','D','O',' ')},       /* Bini */
 247   {"bjj",       HB_TAG('B','J','J',' ')},       /* Kanauji */
 248   {"bjt",       HB_TAG('B','L','N',' ')},       /* Balanta-Ganja */
 249   {"bla",       HB_TAG('B','K','F',' ')},       /* Blackfoot */
 250   {"ble",       HB_TAG('B','L','N',' ')},       /* Balanta-Kentohe */
 251   {"blk",       HB_TAG('B','L','K',' ')},       /* Pa'O/Pa'o Karen */
 252   {"bln",       HB_TAG('B','I','K',' ')},       /* Southern Catanduanes Bikol */
 253   {"bm",        HB_TAG('B','M','B',' ')},       /* Bambara */
 254   {"bn",        HB_TAG('B','E','N',' ')},       /* Bengali */
 255   {"bo",        HB_TAG('T','I','B',' ')},       /* Tibetan */
 256   {"bpy",       HB_TAG('B','P','Y',' ')},       /* Bishnupriya */
 257   {"bqi",       HB_TAG('L','R','C',' ')},       /* Bakhtiari */
 258   {"br",        HB_TAG('B','R','E',' ')},       /* Breton */
 259   {"bra",       HB_TAG('B','R','I',' ')},       /* Braj Bhasha */
 260   {"brh",       HB_TAG('B','R','H',' ')},       /* Brahui */
 261   {"brx",       HB_TAG('B','R','X',' ')},       /* Bodo (India) */
 262   {"bs",        HB_TAG('B','O','S',' ')},       /* Bosnian */
 263   {"btb",       HB_TAG('B','T','I',' ')},       /* Beti (Cameroon) */
 264   {"bto",       HB_TAG('B','I','K',' ')},       /* Rinconada Bikol */
 265   {"bts",       HB_TAG('B','T','S',' ')},       /* Batak Simalungun */
 266   {"bug",       HB_TAG('B','U','G',' ')},       /* Buginese */
 267   {"bxr",       HB_TAG('R','B','U',' ')},       /* Russian Buriat */
 268   {"byn",       HB_TAG('B','I','L',' ')},       /* Bilen */
 269   {"ca",        HB_TAG('C','A','T',' ')},       /* Catalan */
 270   {"cak",       HB_TAG('C','A','K',' ')},       /* Kaqchikel */
 271   {"cbk",       HB_TAG('C','B','K',' ')},       /* Chavacano */
 272   {"cbl",       HB_TAG('Q','I','N',' ')},       /* Bualkhaw Chin */
 273   {"cco",       HB_TAG('C','C','H','N')},       /* Chinantec */
 274   {"ce",        HB_TAG('C','H','E',' ')},       /* Chechen */
 275   {"ceb",       HB_TAG('C','E','B',' ')},       /* Cebuano */
 276   {"cfm",       HB_TAG('H','A','L',' ')},       /* Halam/Falam Chin */
 277   {"cgg",       HB_TAG('C','G','G',' ')},       /* Chiga */
 278   {"ch",        HB_TAG('C','H','A',' ')},       /* Chamorro */
 279   {"chj",       HB_TAG('C','C','H','N')},       /* Chinantec */
 280   {"chk",       HB_TAG('C','H','K','0')},       /* Chuukese */
 281   {"cho",       HB_TAG('C','H','O',' ')},       /* Choctaw */
 282   {"chp",       HB_TAG('C','H','P',' ')},       /* Chipewyan */
 283   {"chq",       HB_TAG('C','C','H','N')},       /* Chinantec */
 284   {"chr",       HB_TAG('C','H','R',' ')},       /* Cherokee */
 285   {"chy",       HB_TAG('C','H','Y',' ')},       /* Cheyenne */
 286   {"chz",       HB_TAG('C','C','H','N')},       /* Chinantec */
 287   {"cja",       HB_TAG('C','J','A',' ')},       /* Western Cham */
 288   {"cjm",       HB_TAG('C','J','M',' ')},       /* Eastern Cham */
 289   {"cka",       HB_TAG('Q','I','N',' ')},       /* Khumi Awa Chin */
 290   {"ckb",       HB_TAG('K','U','R',' ')},       /* Central Kurdish (Sorani) */
 291   {"ckt",       HB_TAG('C','H','K',' ')},       /* Chukchi */
 292   {"cld",       HB_TAG('S','Y','R',' ')},       /* Chaldean Neo-Aramaic */
 293   {"cle",       HB_TAG('C','C','H','N')},       /* Chinantec */
 294   {"cmr",       HB_TAG('Q','I','N',' ')},       /* Mro-Khimi Chin */
 295   {"cnb",       HB_TAG('Q','I','N',' ')},       /* Chinbon Chin */
 296   {"cnh",       HB_TAG('Q','I','N',' ')},       /* Hakha Chin */
 297   {"cnk",       HB_TAG('Q','I','N',' ')},       /* Khumi Chin */
 298   {"cnl",       HB_TAG('C','C','H','N')},       /* Chinantec */
 299   {"cnt",       HB_TAG('C','C','H','N')},       /* Chinantec */
 300   {"cnw",       HB_TAG('Q','I','N',' ')},       /* Ngawn Chin */
 301   {"cop",       HB_TAG('C','O','P',' ')},       /* Coptic */
 302   {"cpa",       HB_TAG('C','C','H','N')},       /* Chinantec */
 303   {"cpp",       HB_TAG('C','P','P',' ')},       /* Creoles */
 304   {"cr",        HB_TAG('C','R','E',' ')},       /* Cree */
 305   {"cre",       HB_TAG('Y','C','R',' ')},       /* Y-Cree */
 306   {"crh",       HB_TAG('C','R','T',' ')},       /* Crimean Tatar */
 307   {"crj",       HB_TAG('E','C','R',' ')},       /* [Southern] East Cree */
 308   {"crk",       HB_TAG('W','C','R',' ')},       /* West-Cree */
 309   {"crl",       HB_TAG('E','C','R',' ')},       /* [Northern] East Cree */
 310   {"crm",       HB_TAG('M','C','R',' ')},       /* Moose Cree */
 311   {"crx",       HB_TAG('C','R','R',' ')},       /* Carrier */
 312   {"cs",        HB_TAG('C','S','Y',' ')},       /* Czech */
 313   {"csa",       HB_TAG('C','C','H','N')},       /* Chinantec */
 314   {"csb",       HB_TAG('C','S','B',' ')},       /* Kashubian */
 315   {"csh",       HB_TAG('Q','I','N',' ')},       /* Asho Chin */
 316   {"cso",       HB_TAG('C','C','H','N')},       /* Chinantec */
 317   {"csy",       HB_TAG('Q','I','N',' ')},       /* Siyin Chin */
 318   {"ctd",       HB_TAG('Q','I','N',' ')},       /* Tedim Chin */
 319   {"cte",       HB_TAG('C','C','H','N')},       /* Chinantec */
 320   {"ctg",       HB_TAG('C','T','G',' ')},       /* Chittagonian */
 321   {"ctl",       HB_TAG('C','C','H','N')},       /* Chinantec */
 322   {"cts",       HB_TAG('B','I','K',' ')},       /* Northern Catanduanes Bikol */
 323   {"cu",        HB_TAG('C','S','L',' ')},       /* Church Slavic */
 324   {"cuc",       HB_TAG('C','C','H','N')},       /* Chinantec */
 325   {"cuk",       HB_TAG('C','U','K',' ')},       /* San Blas Kuna */
 326   {"cv",        HB_TAG('C','H','U',' ')},       /* Chuvash */
 327   {"cvn",       HB_TAG('C','C','H','N')},       /* Chinantec */
 328   {"cwd",       HB_TAG('D','C','R',' ')},       /* Woods Cree */
 329   {"cy",        HB_TAG('W','E','L',' ')},       /* Welsh */
 330   {"czt",       HB_TAG('Q','I','N',' ')},       /* Zotung Chin */
 331   {"da",        HB_TAG('D','A','N',' ')},       /* Danish */
 332   {"dao",       HB_TAG('Q','I','N',' ')},       /* Daai Chin */
 333   {"dap",       HB_TAG('N','I','S',' ')},       /* Nisi (India) */
 334   {"dar",       HB_TAG('D','A','R',' ')},       /* Dargwa */
 335   {"dax",       HB_TAG('D','A','X',' ')},       /* Dayi */
 336   {"de",        HB_TAG('D','E','U',' ')},       /* German */
 337   {"dgo",       HB_TAG('D','G','O',' ')},       /* Dogri */
 338   {"dhd",       HB_TAG('M','A','W',' ')},       /* Dhundari */
 339   {"dhg",       HB_TAG('D','H','G',' ')},       /* Dhangu */
 340   {"din",       HB_TAG('D','N','K',' ')},       /* Dinka [macrolanguage] */
 341   {"diq",       HB_TAG('D','I','Q',' ')},       /* Dimli */
 342   {"dje",       HB_TAG('D','J','R',' ')},       /* Zarma */
 343   {"djr",       HB_TAG('D','J','R','0')},       /* Djambarrpuyngu */
 344   {"dng",       HB_TAG('D','U','N',' ')},       /* Dungan */
 345   {"dnj",       HB_TAG('D','N','J',' ')},       /* Dan */
 346   {"doi",       HB_TAG('D','G','R',' ')},       /* Dogri [macrolanguage] */
 347   {"dsb",       HB_TAG('L','S','B',' ')},       /* Lower Sorbian */
 348   {"duj",       HB_TAG('D','U','J',' ')},       /* Dhuwal */
 349   {"dv",        HB_TAG('D','I','V',' ')},       /* Dhivehi/Divehi/Maldivian */
 350   {"dyu",       HB_TAG('J','U','L',' ')},       /* Jula */
 351   {"dz",        HB_TAG('D','Z','N',' ')},       /* Dzongkha */
 352   {"ee",        HB_TAG('E','W','E',' ')},       /* Ewe */
 353   {"efi",       HB_TAG('E','F','I',' ')},       /* Efik */
 354   {"ekk",       HB_TAG('E','T','I',' ')},       /* Standard Estonian */
 355   {"el",        HB_TAG('E','L','L',' ')},       /* Modern Greek (1453-) */
 356   {"emk",       HB_TAG('M','N','K',' ')},       /* Eastern Maninkakan */
 357   {"en",        HB_TAG('E','N','G',' ')},       /* English */
 358   {"enf",       HB_TAG('F','N','E',' ')},       /* Forest Nenets */
 359   {"enh",       HB_TAG('T','N','E',' ')},       /* Tundra Nenets */
 360   {"eo",        HB_TAG('N','T','O',' ')},       /* Esperanto */
 361   {"eot",       HB_TAG('B','T','I',' ')},       /* Beti (Côte d'Ivoire) */
 362   {"es",        HB_TAG('E','S','P',' ')},       /* Spanish */
 363   {"esu",       HB_TAG('E','S','U',' ')},       /* Central Yupik */
 364   {"et",        HB_TAG('E','T','I',' ')},       /* Estonian [macrolanguage] */
 365   {"eu",        HB_TAG('E','U','Q',' ')},       /* Basque */
 366   {"eve",       HB_TAG('E','V','N',' ')},       /* Even */
 367   {"evn",       HB_TAG('E','V','K',' ')},       /* Evenki */
 368   {"fa",        HB_TAG('F','A','R',' ')},       /* Persian [macrolanguage] */
 369   {"fan",       HB_TAG('F','A','N','0')},       /* Fang */
 370   {"fat",       HB_TAG('F','A','T',' ')},       /* Fanti */
 371   {"ff",        HB_TAG('F','U','L',' ')},       /* Fulah [macrolanguage] */
 372   {"fi",        HB_TAG('F','I','N',' ')},       /* Finnish */
 373   {"fil",       HB_TAG('P','I','L',' ')},       /* Filipino */
 374   {"fj",        HB_TAG('F','J','I',' ')},       /* Fijian */
 375   {"flm",       HB_TAG('H','A','L',' ')},       /* Halam/Falam Chin [retired ISO639 code] */
 376   {"fo",        HB_TAG('F','O','S',' ')},       /* Faroese */
 377   {"fon",       HB_TAG('F','O','N',' ')},       /* Fon */
 378   {"fr",        HB_TAG('F','R','A',' ')},       /* French */
 379   {"frc",       HB_TAG('F','R','C',' ')},       /* Cajun French */
 380   {"frp",       HB_TAG('F','R','P',' ')},       /* Arpitan/Francoprovençal */
 381   {"fuf",       HB_TAG('F','T','A',' ')},       /* Futa */
 382   {"fur",       HB_TAG('F','R','L',' ')},       /* Friulian */
 383   {"fuv",       HB_TAG('F','U','V',' ')},       /* Nigerian Fulfulde */
 384   {"fy",        HB_TAG('F','R','I',' ')},       /* Western Frisian */
 385   {"ga",        HB_TAG('I','R','I',' ')},       /* Irish */
 386   {"gaa",       HB_TAG('G','A','D',' ')},       /* Ga */
 387   {"gag",       HB_TAG('G','A','G',' ')},       /* Gagauz */
 388   {"gbm",       HB_TAG('G','A','W',' ')},       /* Garhwali */
 389   {"gd",        HB_TAG('G','A','E',' ')},       /* Scottish Gaelic */
 390   {"gez",       HB_TAG('G','E','Z',' ')},       /* Ge'ez */
 391   {"ggo",       HB_TAG('G','O','N',' ')},       /* Southern Gondi */
 392   {"gih",       HB_TAG('G','I','H',' ')},       /* Githabul */
 393   {"gil",       HB_TAG('G','I','L','0')},       /* Kiribati (Gilbertese) */
 394   {"gkp",       HB_TAG('G','K','P',' ')},       /* Kpelle (Guinea) */
 395   {"gl",        HB_TAG('G','A','L',' ')},       /* Galician */
 396   {"gld",       HB_TAG('N','A','N',' ')},       /* Nanai */
 397   {"glk",       HB_TAG('G','L','K',' ')},       /* Gilaki */
 398   {"gn",        HB_TAG('G','U','A',' ')},       /* Guarani [macrolanguage] */
 399   {"gnn",       HB_TAG('G','N','N',' ')},       /* Gumatj */
 400   {"gno",       HB_TAG('G','O','N',' ')},       /* Northern Gondi */
 401   {"gog",       HB_TAG('G','O','G',' ')},       /* Gogo */
 402   {"gon",       HB_TAG('G','O','N',' ')},       /* Gondi [macrolanguage] */
 403   {"grt",       HB_TAG('G','R','O',' ')},       /* Garo */
 404   {"gru",       HB_TAG('S','O','G',' ')},       /* Sodo Gurage */
 405   {"gsw",       HB_TAG('A','L','S',' ')},       /* Alsatian */
 406   {"gu",        HB_TAG('G','U','J',' ')},       /* Gujarati */
 407   {"guc",       HB_TAG('G','U','C',' ')},       /* Wayuu */
 408   {"guf",       HB_TAG('G','U','F',' ')},       /* Gupapuyngu */
 409   {"guk",       HB_TAG('G','M','Z',' ')},       /* Gumuz */
 410 /*{"guk",       HB_TAG('G','U','K',' ')},*/     /* Gumuz (in SIL fonts) */
 411   {"guz",       HB_TAG('G','U','Z',' ')},       /* Ekegusii/Gusii */
 412   {"gv",        HB_TAG('M','N','X',' ')},       /* Manx */
 413   {"ha",        HB_TAG('H','A','U',' ')},       /* Hausa */
 414   {"har",       HB_TAG('H','R','I',' ')},       /* Harari */
 415   {"haw",       HB_TAG('H','A','W',' ')},       /* Hawaiian */
 416   {"hay",       HB_TAG('H','A','Y',' ')},       /* Haya */
 417   {"haz",       HB_TAG('H','A','Z',' ')},       /* Hazaragi */
 418   {"he",        HB_TAG('I','W','R',' ')},       /* Hebrew */
 419   {"hi",        HB_TAG('H','I','N',' ')},       /* Hindi */
 420   {"hil",       HB_TAG('H','I','L',' ')},       /* Hiligaynon */
 421   {"hlt",       HB_TAG('Q','I','N',' ')},       /* Matu Chin */
 422   {"hmn",       HB_TAG('H','M','N',' ')},       /* Hmong */
 423   {"hnd",       HB_TAG('H','N','D',' ')},       /* [Southern] Hindko */
 424   {"hne",       HB_TAG('C','H','H',' ')},       /* Chattisgarhi */
 425   {"hno",       HB_TAG('H','N','D',' ')},       /* [Northern] Hindko */
 426   {"ho",        HB_TAG('H','M','O',' ')},       /* Hiri Motu */
 427   {"hoc",       HB_TAG('H','O',' ',' ')},       /* Ho */
 428   {"hoj",       HB_TAG('H','A','R',' ')},       /* Harauti */
 429   {"hr",        HB_TAG('H','R','V',' ')},       /* Croatian */
 430   {"hsb",       HB_TAG('U','S','B',' ')},       /* Upper Sorbian */
 431   {"ht",        HB_TAG('H','A','I',' ')},       /* Haitian/Haitian Creole */
 432   {"hu",        HB_TAG('H','U','N',' ')},       /* Hungarian */
 433   {"hy",        HB_TAG('H','Y','E',' ')},       /* Armenian */
 434   {"hz",        HB_TAG('H','E','R',' ')},       /* Herero */
 435   {"ia",        HB_TAG('I','N','A',' ')},       /* Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association) */
 436   {"iba",       HB_TAG('I','B','A',' ')},       /* Iban */
 437   {"ibb",       HB_TAG('I','B','B',' ')},       /* Ibibio */
 438   {"id",        HB_TAG('I','N','D',' ')},       /* Indonesian */
 439   {"ie",        HB_TAG('I','L','E',' ')},       /* Interlingue/Occidental */
 440   {"ig",        HB_TAG('I','B','O',' ')},       /* Igbo */
 441   {"igb",       HB_TAG('E','B','I',' ')},       /* Ebira */
 442   {"ii",        HB_TAG('Y','I','M',' ')},       /* Yi Modern */
 443   {"ijc",       HB_TAG('I','J','O',' ')},       /* Izon */
 444   {"ijo",       HB_TAG('I','J','O',' ')},       /* Ijo [family] */
 445   {"ik",        HB_TAG('I','P','K',' ')},       /* Inupiaq [macrolanguage] */
 446   {"ilo",       HB_TAG('I','L','O',' ')},       /* Ilokano */
 447   {"inh",       HB_TAG('I','N','G',' ')},       /* Ingush */
 448   {"io",        HB_TAG('I','D','O',' ')},       /* Ido */
 449   {"is",        HB_TAG('I','S','L',' ')},       /* Icelandic */
 450   {"it",        HB_TAG('I','T','A',' ')},       /* Italian */
 451   {"iu",        HB_TAG('I','N','U',' ')},       /* Inuktitut [macrolanguage] */
 452   {"ja",        HB_TAG('J','A','N',' ')},       /* Japanese */
 453   {"jam",       HB_TAG('J','A','M',' ')},       /* Jamaican Creole English */
 454   {"jbo",       HB_TAG('J','B','O',' ')},       /* Lojban */
 455   {"jv",        HB_TAG('J','A','V',' ')},       /* Javanese */
 456   {"ka",        HB_TAG('K','A','T',' ')},       /* Georgian */
 457   {"kaa",       HB_TAG('K','R','K',' ')},       /* Karakalpak */
 458   {"kab",       HB_TAG('K','A','B','0')},       /* Kabyle */
 459   {"kam",       HB_TAG('K','M','B',' ')},       /* Kamba (Kenya) */
 460   {"kar",       HB_TAG('K','R','N',' ')},       /* Karen [family] */
 461   {"kat",       HB_TAG('K','G','E',' ')},       /* Khutsuri Georgian */
 462   {"kbd",       HB_TAG('K','A','B',' ')},       /* Kabardian */
 463   {"kde",       HB_TAG('K','D','E',' ')},       /* Makonde */
 464   {"kdr",       HB_TAG('K','R','M',' ')},       /* Karaim */
 465   {"kdt",       HB_TAG('K','U','Y',' ')},       /* Kuy */
 466   {"kea",       HB_TAG('K','E','A',' ')},       /* Kabuverdianu (Crioulo) */
 467   {"kek",       HB_TAG('K','E','K',' ')},       /* Kekchi */
 468   {"kex",       HB_TAG('K','K','N',' ')},       /* Kokni */
 469   {"kfa",       HB_TAG('K','O','D',' ')},       /* Kodagu */
 470   {"kfr",       HB_TAG('K','A','C',' ')},       /* Kachchi */
 471   {"kfx",       HB_TAG('K','U','L',' ')},       /* Kulvi */
 472   {"kfy",       HB_TAG('K','M','N',' ')},       /* Kumaoni */
 473   {"kg",        HB_TAG('K','O','N',' ')},       /* Kongo [macrolanguage] */
 474   {"kha",       HB_TAG('K','S','I',' ')},       /* Khasi */
 475   {"khb",       HB_TAG('X','B','D',' ')},       /* Lü */
 476   {"kht",       HB_TAG('K','H','N',' ')},       /* Khamti (Microsoft fonts) */
 477 /*{"kht",       HB_TAG('K','H','T',' ')},*/     /* Khamti (OpenType spec and SIL fonts) */
 478   {"khw",       HB_TAG('K','H','W',' ')},       /* Khowar */
 479   {"ki",        HB_TAG('K','I','K',' ')},       /* Gikuyu/Kikuyu */
 480   {"kiu",       HB_TAG('K','I','U',' ')},       /* Kirmanjki */
 481   {"kj",        HB_TAG('K','U','A',' ')},       /* Kuanyama/Kwanyama */
 482   {"kjd",       HB_TAG('K','J','D',' ')},       /* Southern Kiwai */
 483   {"kjh",       HB_TAG('K','H','A',' ')},       /* Khakass */
 484   {"kjp",       HB_TAG('K','J','P',' ')},       /* Pwo Eastern Karen */
 485   {"kk",        HB_TAG('K','A','Z',' ')},       /* Kazakh */
 486   {"kl",        HB_TAG('G','R','N',' ')},       /* Kalaallisut */
 487   {"kln",       HB_TAG('K','A','L',' ')},       /* Kalenjin */
 488   {"km",        HB_TAG('K','H','M',' ')},       /* Central Khmer */
 489   {"kmb",       HB_TAG('M','B','N',' ')},       /* Kimbundu */
 490   {"kmw",       HB_TAG('K','M','O',' ')},       /* Komo (Democratic Republic of Congo) */
 491   {"kn",        HB_TAG('K','A','N',' ')},       /* Kannada */
 492   {"knn",       HB_TAG('K','O','K',' ')},       /* Konkani */
 493   {"ko",        HB_TAG('K','O','R',' ')},       /* Korean */
 494   {"koi",       HB_TAG('K','O','P',' ')},       /* Komi-Permyak */
 495   {"kok",       HB_TAG('K','O','K',' ')},       /* Konkani [macrolanguage] */
 496   {"kon",       HB_TAG('K','O','N','0')},       /* Kongo */
 497   {"kos",       HB_TAG('K','O','S',' ')},       /* Kosraean */
 498   {"kpe",       HB_TAG('K','P','L',' ')},       /* Kpelle [macrolanguage] */
 499   {"kpv",       HB_TAG('K','O','Z',' ')},       /* Komi-Zyrian */
 500   {"kpy",       HB_TAG('K','Y','K',' ')},       /* Koryak */
 501   {"kqy",       HB_TAG('K','R','T',' ')},       /* Koorete */
 502   {"kr",        HB_TAG('K','N','R',' ')},       /* Kanuri [macrolanguage] */
 503   {"kri",       HB_TAG('K','R','I',' ')},       /* Krio */
 504   {"krl",       HB_TAG('K','R','L',' ')},       /* Karelian */
 505   {"kru",       HB_TAG('K','U','U',' ')},       /* Kurukh */
 506   {"ks",        HB_TAG('K','S','H',' ')},       /* Kashmiri */
 507   {"ksh",       HB_TAG('K','S','H','0')},       /* Ripuarian, Kölsch */
 508 /*{"ksw",       HB_TAG('K','R','N',' ')},*/     /* S'gaw Karen (Microsoft fonts?) */
 509   {"ksw",       HB_TAG('K','S','W',' ')},       /* S'gaw Karen (OpenType spec and SIL fonts) */
 510   {"ktb",       HB_TAG('K','E','B',' ')},       /* Kebena */
 511   {"ktu",       HB_TAG('K','O','N',' ')},       /* Kikongo */
 512   {"ku",        HB_TAG('K','U','R',' ')},       /* Kurdish [macrolanguage] */
 513   {"kum",       HB_TAG('K','U','M',' ')},       /* Kumyk */
 514   {"kv",        HB_TAG('K','O','M',' ')},       /* Komi [macrolanguage] */
 515   {"kvd",       HB_TAG('K','U','I',' ')},       /* Kui (Indonesia) */
 516   {"kw",        HB_TAG('C','O','R',' ')},       /* Cornish */
 517   {"kxc",       HB_TAG('K','M','S',' ')},       /* Komso */
 518   {"kxu",       HB_TAG('K','U','I',' ')},       /* Kui (India) */
 519   {"ky",        HB_TAG('K','I','R',' ')},       /* Kirghiz/Kyrgyz */
 520   {"kyu",       HB_TAG('K','Y','U',' ')},       /* Western Kayah */
 521   {"la",        HB_TAG('L','A','T',' ')},       /* Latin */
 522   {"lad",       HB_TAG('J','U','D',' ')},       /* Ladino */
 523   {"lb",        HB_TAG('L','T','Z',' ')},       /* Luxembourgish */
 524   {"lbe",       HB_TAG('L','A','K',' ')},       /* Lak */
 525   {"lbj",       HB_TAG('L','D','K',' ')},       /* Ladakhi */
 526   {"lez",       HB_TAG('L','E','Z',' ')},       /* Lezgi */
 527   {"lg",        HB_TAG('L','U','G',' ')},       /* Ganda */
 528   {"li",        HB_TAG('L','I','M',' ')},       /* Limburgan/Limburger/Limburgish */
 529   {"lif",       HB_TAG('L','M','B',' ')},       /* Limbu */
 530   {"lij",       HB_TAG('L','I','J',' ')},       /* Ligurian */
 531   {"lis",       HB_TAG('L','I','S',' ')},       /* Lisu */
 532   {"ljp",       HB_TAG('L','J','P',' ')},       /* Lampung Api */
 533   {"lki",       HB_TAG('L','K','I',' ')},       /* Laki */
 534   {"lld",       HB_TAG('L','A','D',' ')},       /* Ladin */
 535   {"lmn",       HB_TAG('L','A','M',' ')},       /* Lambani */
 536   {"lmo",       HB_TAG('L','M','O',' ')},       /* Lombard */
 537   {"ln",        HB_TAG('L','I','N',' ')},       /* Lingala */
 538   {"lo",        HB_TAG('L','A','O',' ')},       /* Lao */
 539   {"lom",       HB_TAG('L','O','M',' ')},       /* Loma */
 540   {"lrc",       HB_TAG('L','R','C',' ')},       /* Northern Luri */
 541   {"lt",        HB_TAG('L','T','H',' ')},       /* Lithuanian */
 542   {"lu",        HB_TAG('L','U','B',' ')},       /* Luba-Katanga */
 543   {"lua",       HB_TAG('L','U','B',' ')},       /* Luba-Kasai */
 544   {"luo",       HB_TAG('L','U','O',' ')},       /* Luo (Kenya and Tanzania) */
 545   {"lus",       HB_TAG('M','I','Z',' ')},       /* Mizo */
 546   {"luy",       HB_TAG('L','U','H',' ')},       /* Luyia/Oluluyia [macrolanguage] */
 547   {"luz",       HB_TAG('L','R','C',' ')},       /* Southern Luri */
 548   {"lv",        HB_TAG('L','V','I',' ')},       /* Latvian */
 549   {"lzz",       HB_TAG('L','A','Z',' ')},       /* Laz */
 550   {"mad",       HB_TAG('M','A','D',' ')},       /* Madurese */
 551   {"mag",       HB_TAG('M','A','G',' ')},       /* Magahi */
 552   {"mai",       HB_TAG('M','T','H',' ')},       /* Maithili */
 553   {"mak",       HB_TAG('M','K','R',' ')},       /* Makasar */
 554   {"mam",       HB_TAG('M','A','M',' ')},       /* Mam */
 555   {"man",       HB_TAG('M','N','K',' ')},       /* Manding/Mandingo [macrolanguage] */
 556   {"mdc",       HB_TAG('M','L','E',' ')},       /* Male (Papua New Guinea) */
 557   {"mdf",       HB_TAG('M','O','K',' ')},       /* Moksha */
 558   {"mdr",       HB_TAG('M','D','R',' ')},       /* Mandar */
 559   {"mdy",       HB_TAG('M','L','E',' ')},       /* Male (Ethiopia) */
 560   {"men",       HB_TAG('M','D','E',' ')},       /* Mende (Sierra Leone) */
 561   {"mer",       HB_TAG('M','E','R',' ')},       /* Meru */
 562   {"mfe",       HB_TAG('M','F','E',' ')},       /* Morisyen */
 563   {"mg",        HB_TAG('M','L','G',' ')},       /* Malagasy [macrolanguage] */
 564   {"mh",        HB_TAG('M','A','H',' ')},       /* Marshallese */
 565   {"mhr",       HB_TAG('L','M','A',' ')},       /* Low Mari */
 566   {"mi",        HB_TAG('M','R','I',' ')},       /* Maori */
 567   {"min",       HB_TAG('M','I','N',' ')},       /* Minangkabau */
 568   {"mk",        HB_TAG('M','K','D',' ')},       /* Macedonian */
 569   {"mku",       HB_TAG('M','N','K',' ')},       /* Konyanka Maninka */
 570   {"mkw",       HB_TAG('M','K','W',' ')},       /* Kituba (Congo) */
 571   {"ml",        HB_TAG('M','L','R',' ')},       /* Malayalam */
 572   {"mlq",       HB_TAG('M','N','K',' ')},       /* Western Maninkakan */
 573   {"mn",        HB_TAG('M','N','G',' ')},       /* Mongolian [macrolanguage] */
 574   {"mnc",       HB_TAG('M','C','H',' ')},       /* Manchu */
 575   {"mni",       HB_TAG('M','N','I',' ')},       /* Manipuri */
 576   {"mnk",       HB_TAG('M','N','D',' ')},       /* Mandinka */
 577   {"mns",       HB_TAG('M','A','N',' ')},       /* Mansi */
 578   {"mnw",       HB_TAG('M','O','N',' ')},       /* Mon */
 579   {"mo",        HB_TAG('M','O','L',' ')},       /* Moldavian */
 580   {"moh",       HB_TAG('M','O','H',' ')},       /* Mohawk */
 581   {"mos",       HB_TAG('M','O','S',' ')},       /* Mossi */
 582   {"mpe",       HB_TAG('M','A','J',' ')},       /* Majang */
 583   {"mr",        HB_TAG('M','A','R',' ')},       /* Marathi */
 584   {"mrh",       HB_TAG('Q','I','N',' ')},       /* Mara Chin */
 585   {"mrj",       HB_TAG('H','M','A',' ')},       /* High Mari */
 586   {"ms",        HB_TAG('M','L','Y',' ')},       /* Malay [macrolanguage] */
 587   {"msc",       HB_TAG('M','N','K',' ')},       /* Sankaran Maninka */
 588   {"mt",        HB_TAG('M','T','S',' ')},       /* Maltese */
 589   {"mtr",       HB_TAG('M','A','W',' ')},       /* Mewari */
 590   {"mus",       HB_TAG('M','U','S',' ')},       /* Creek */
 591   {"mve",       HB_TAG('M','A','W',' ')},       /* Marwari (Pakistan) */
 592   {"mwk",       HB_TAG('M','N','K',' ')},       /* Kita Maninkakan */
 593   {"mwl",       HB_TAG('M','W','L',' ')},       /* Mirandese */
 594   {"mwr",       HB_TAG('M','A','W',' ')},       /* Marwari [macrolanguage] */
 595   {"mww",       HB_TAG('M','W','W',' ')},       /* Hmong Daw */
 596   {"my",        HB_TAG('B','R','M',' ')},       /* Burmese */
 597   {"mym",       HB_TAG('M','E','N',' ')},       /* Me'en */
 598   {"myn",       HB_TAG('M','Y','N',' ')},       /* Mayan */
 599   {"myq",       HB_TAG('M','N','K',' ')},       /* Forest Maninka (retired code) */
 600   {"myv",       HB_TAG('E','R','Z',' ')},       /* Erzya */
 601   {"mzn",       HB_TAG('M','Z','N',' ')},       /* Mazanderani */
 602   {"na",        HB_TAG('N','A','U',' ')},       /* Nauru */
 603   {"nag",       HB_TAG('N','A','G',' ')},       /* Naga-Assamese */
 604   {"nah",       HB_TAG('N','A','H',' ')},       /* Nahuatl [family] */
 605   {"nap",       HB_TAG('N','A','P',' ')},       /* Neapolitan */
 606   {"nb",        HB_TAG('N','O','R',' ')},       /* Norwegian Bokmål */
 607   {"nco",       HB_TAG('S','I','B',' ')},       /* Sibe */
 608   {"nd",        HB_TAG('N','D','B',' ')},       /* [North] Ndebele */
 609   {"ndc",       HB_TAG('N','D','C',' ')},       /* Ndau */
 610   {"nds",       HB_TAG('N','D','S',' ')},       /* Low German/Low Saxon */
 611   {"ne",        HB_TAG('N','E','P',' ')},       /* Nepali */
 612   {"new",       HB_TAG('N','E','W',' ')},       /* Newari */
 613   {"ng",        HB_TAG('N','D','G',' ')},       /* Ndonga */
 614   {"nga",       HB_TAG('N','G','A',' ')},       /* Ngabaka */
 615   {"ngl",       HB_TAG('L','M','W',' ')},       /* Lomwe */
 616   {"ngo",       HB_TAG('S','X','T',' ')},       /* Sutu */
 617   {"niu",       HB_TAG('N','I','U',' ')},       /* Niuean */
 618   {"niv",       HB_TAG('G','I','L',' ')},       /* Gilyak */
 619   {"nl",        HB_TAG('N','L','D',' ')},       /* Dutch */
 620   {"nn",        HB_TAG('N','Y','N',' ')},       /* Norwegian Nynorsk */
 621   {"no",        HB_TAG('N','O','R',' ')},       /* Norwegian [macrolanguage] */
 622   {"nod",       HB_TAG('N','T','A',' ')},       /* Northern Thai */
 623   {"noe",       HB_TAG('N','O','E',' ')},       /* Nimadi */
 624   {"nog",       HB_TAG('N','O','G',' ')},       /* Nogai */
 625   {"nov",       HB_TAG('N','O','V',' ')},       /* Novial */
 626   {"nqo",       HB_TAG('N','K','O',' ')},       /* N'Ko */
 627   {"nr",        HB_TAG('N','D','B',' ')},       /* [South] Ndebele */
 628   {"nsk",       HB_TAG('N','A','S',' ')},       /* Naskapi */
 629   {"nso",       HB_TAG('S','O','T',' ')},       /* [Northern] Sotho */
 630   {"nv",        HB_TAG('N','A','V',' ')},       /* Navajo */
 631   {"ny",        HB_TAG('C','H','I',' ')},       /* Chewa/Chichwa/Nyanja */
 632   {"nym",       HB_TAG('N','Y','M',' ')},       /* Nyamwezi */
 633   {"nyn",       HB_TAG('N','K','L',' ')},       /* Nyankole */
 634   {"oc",        HB_TAG('O','C','I',' ')},       /* Occitan (post 1500) */
 635   {"oj",        HB_TAG('O','J','B',' ')},       /* Ojibwa [macrolanguage] */
 636   {"ojs",       HB_TAG('O','C','R',' ')},       /* Oji-Cree */
 637   {"okm",       HB_TAG('K','O','H',' ')},       /* Korean Old Hangul */
 638   {"om",        HB_TAG('O','R','O',' ')},       /* Oromo [macrolanguage] */
 639   {"or",        HB_TAG('O','R','I',' ')},       /* Oriya */
 640   {"os",        HB_TAG('O','S','S',' ')},       /* Ossetian */
 641   {"pa",        HB_TAG('P','A','N',' ')},       /* Panjabi */
 642   {"pag",       HB_TAG('P','A','G',' ')},       /* Pangasinan */
 643   {"pam",       HB_TAG('P','A','M',' ')},       /* Kapampangan/Pampanga */
 644   {"pap",       HB_TAG('P','A','P','0')},       /* Papiamento */
 645   {"pau",       HB_TAG('P','A','U',' ')},       /* Palauan */
 646   {"pcc",       HB_TAG('P','C','C',' ')},       /* Bouyei */
 647   {"pcd",       HB_TAG('P','C','D',' ')},       /* Picard */
 648   {"pce",       HB_TAG('P','L','G',' ')},       /* [Ruching] Palaung */
 649   {"pck",       HB_TAG('Q','I','N',' ')},       /* Paite Chin */
 650   {"pdc",       HB_TAG('P','D','C',' ')},       /* Pennsylvania German */
 651   {"pes",       HB_TAG('F','A','R',' ')},       /* Iranian Persian */
 652   {"phk",       HB_TAG('P','H','K',' ')},       /* Phake */
 653   {"pi",        HB_TAG('P','A','L',' ')},       /* Pali */
 654   {"pih",       HB_TAG('P','I','H',' ')},       /* Pitcairn-Norfolk */
 655   {"pl",        HB_TAG('P','L','K',' ')},       /* Polish */
 656   {"pll",       HB_TAG('P','L','G',' ')},       /* [Shwe] Palaung */
 657   {"plp",       HB_TAG('P','A','P',' ')},       /* Palpa */
 658   {"pms",       HB_TAG('P','M','S',' ')},       /* Piemontese */
 659   {"pnb",       HB_TAG('P','N','B',' ')},       /* Western Panjabi */
 660   {"poh",       HB_TAG('P','O','H',' ')},       /* Pocomchi */
 661   {"pon",       HB_TAG('P','O','N',' ')},       /* Pohnpeian */
 662   {"prs",       HB_TAG('D','R','I',' ')},       /* Afghan Persian/Dari */
 663   {"ps",        HB_TAG('P','A','S',' ')},       /* Pashto/Pushto [macrolanguage] */
 664   {"pt",        HB_TAG('P','T','G',' ')},       /* Portuguese */
 665   {"pwo",       HB_TAG('P','W','O',' ')},       /* Pwo Western Karen */
 666   {"qu",        HB_TAG('Q','U','Z',' ')},       /* Quechua [macrolanguage] */
 667   {"quc",       HB_TAG('Q','U','C',' ')},       /* K'iche'/Quiché */
 668   {"quh",       HB_TAG('Q','U','H',' ')},       /* Quechua (Bolivia) */
 669   {"quz",       HB_TAG('Q','U','Z',' ')},       /* Cusco Quechua */
 670   {"qvi",       HB_TAG('Q','V','I',' ')},       /* Quechua (Ecuador) */
 671   {"qwh",       HB_TAG('Q','W','H',' ')},       /* Quechua (Peru) */
 672   {"raj",       HB_TAG('R','A','J',' ')},       /* Rajasthani [macrolanguage] */
 673   {"rar",       HB_TAG('R','A','R',' ')},       /* Rarotongan */
 674   {"rbb",       HB_TAG('P','L','G',' ')},       /* Rumai Palaung */
 675   {"rej",       HB_TAG('R','E','J',' ')},       /* Rejang */
 676   {"ria",       HB_TAG('R','I','A',' ')},       /* Riang (India) */
 677   {"rif",       HB_TAG('R','I','F',' ')},       /* Tarifit */
 678   {"ril",       HB_TAG('R','I','A',' ')},       /* Riang (Myanmar) */
 679   {"rit",       HB_TAG('R','I','T',' ')},       /* Ritarungo */
 680   {"rki",       HB_TAG('A','R','K',' ')},       /* Rakhine */
 681   {"rkw",       HB_TAG('R','K','W',' ')},       /* Arakwal */
 682   {"rm",        HB_TAG('R','M','S',' ')},       /* Romansh */
 683   {"rmy",       HB_TAG('R','M','Y',' ')},       /* Vlax Romani */
 684   {"rn",        HB_TAG('R','U','N',' ')},       /* Rundi */
 685   {"ro",        HB_TAG('R','O','M',' ')},       /* Romanian */
 686   {"rom",       HB_TAG('R','O','Y',' ')},       /* Romany [macrolanguage] */
 687   {"rtm",       HB_TAG('R','T','M',' ')},       /* Rotuman */
 688   {"ru",        HB_TAG('R','U','S',' ')},       /* Russian */
 689   {"rue",       HB_TAG('R','S','Y',' ')},       /* Rusyn */
 690   {"rup",       HB_TAG('R','U','P',' ')},       /* Aromanian/Arumanian/Macedo-Romanian */
 691   {"rw",        HB_TAG('R','U','A',' ')},       /* Kinyarwanda */
 692   {"rwr",       HB_TAG('M','A','W',' ')},       /* Marwari (India) */
 693   {"sa",        HB_TAG('S','A','N',' ')},       /* Sanskrit */
 694   {"sah",       HB_TAG('Y','A','K',' ')},       /* Yakut */
 695   {"sam",       HB_TAG('P','A','A',' ')},       /* Palestinian Aramaic */
 696   {"sas",       HB_TAG('S','A','S',' ')},       /* Sasak */
 697   {"sat",       HB_TAG('S','A','T',' ')},       /* Santali */
 698   {"sc",        HB_TAG('S','R','D',' ')},       /* Sardinian [macrolanguage] */
 699   {"sck",       HB_TAG('S','A','D',' ')},       /* Sadri */
 700   {"scn",       HB_TAG('S','C','N',' ')},       /* Sicilian */
 701   {"sco",       HB_TAG('S','C','O',' ')},       /* Scots */
 702   {"scs",       HB_TAG('S','L','A',' ')},       /* [North] Slavey */
 703   {"sd",        HB_TAG('S','N','D',' ')},       /* Sindhi */
 704   {"se",        HB_TAG('N','S','M',' ')},       /* Northern Sami */
 705   {"seh",       HB_TAG('S','N','A',' ')},       /* Sena */
 706   {"sel",       HB_TAG('S','E','L',' ')},       /* Selkup */
 707   {"sez",       HB_TAG('Q','I','N',' ')},       /* Senthang Chin */
 708   {"sg",        HB_TAG('S','G','O',' ')},       /* Sango */
 709   {"sga",       HB_TAG('S','G','A',' ')},       /* Old Irish (to 900) */
 710   {"sgs",       HB_TAG('S','G','S',' ')},       /* Samogitian */
 711   {"sgw",       HB_TAG('C','H','G',' ')},       /* Sebat Bet Gurage */
 712 /*{"sgw",       HB_TAG('S','G','W',' ')},*/     /* Sebat Bet Gurage (in SIL fonts) */
 713   {"shi",       HB_TAG('S','H','I',' ')},       /* Tachelhit */
 714   {"shn",       HB_TAG('S','H','N',' ')},       /* Shan */
 715   {"si",        HB_TAG('S','N','H',' ')},       /* Sinhala */
 716   {"sid",       HB_TAG('S','I','D',' ')},       /* Sidamo */
 717   {"sjd",       HB_TAG('K','S','M',' ')},       /* Kildin Sami */
 718   {"sk",        HB_TAG('S','K','Y',' ')},       /* Slovak */
 719   {"skr",       HB_TAG('S','R','K',' ')},       /* Seraiki */
 720   {"sl",        HB_TAG('S','L','V',' ')},       /* Slovenian */
 721   {"sm",        HB_TAG('S','M','O',' ')},       /* Samoan */
 722   {"sma",       HB_TAG('S','S','M',' ')},       /* Southern Sami */
 723   {"smj",       HB_TAG('L','S','M',' ')},       /* Lule Sami */
 724   {"smn",       HB_TAG('I','S','M',' ')},       /* Inari Sami */
 725   {"sms",       HB_TAG('S','K','S',' ')},       /* Skolt Sami */
 726   {"sn",        HB_TAG('S','N','A','0')},       /* Shona */
 727   {"snk",       HB_TAG('S','N','K',' ')},       /* Soninke */
 728   {"so",        HB_TAG('S','M','L',' ')},       /* Somali */
 729   {"sop",       HB_TAG('S','O','P',' ')},       /* Songe */
 730   {"sq",        HB_TAG('S','Q','I',' ')},       /* Albanian [macrolanguage] */
 731   {"sr",        HB_TAG('S','R','B',' ')},       /* Serbian */
 732   {"srr",       HB_TAG('S','R','R',' ')},       /* Serer */
 733   {"ss",        HB_TAG('S','W','Z',' ')},       /* Swati */
 734   {"st",        HB_TAG('S','O','T',' ')},       /* [Southern] Sotho */
 735   {"stq",       HB_TAG('S','T','Q',' ')},       /* Saterfriesisch */
 736   {"stv",       HB_TAG('S','I','G',' ')},       /* Silt'e */
 737   {"su",        HB_TAG('S','U','N',' ')},       /* Sundanese */
 738   {"suk",       HB_TAG('S','U','K',' ')},       /* Sukama */
 739   {"suq",       HB_TAG('S','U','R',' ')},       /* Suri */
 740   {"sv",        HB_TAG('S','V','E',' ')},       /* Swedish */
 741   {"sva",       HB_TAG('S','V','A',' ')},       /* Svan */
 742   {"sw",        HB_TAG('S','W','K',' ')},       /* Swahili [macrolanguage] */
 743   {"swb",       HB_TAG('C','M','R',' ')},       /* Comorian */
 744   {"swh",       HB_TAG('S','W','K',' ')},       /* Kiswahili/Swahili */
 745   {"swv",       HB_TAG('M','A','W',' ')},       /* Shekhawati */
 746   {"sxu",       HB_TAG('S','X','U',' ')},       /* Upper Saxon */
 747   {"syc",       HB_TAG('S','Y','R',' ')},       /* Classical Syriac */
 748   {"syl",       HB_TAG('S','Y','L',' ')},       /* Sylheti */
 749   {"syr",       HB_TAG('S','Y','R',' ')},       /* Syriac [macrolanguage] */
 750   {"szl",       HB_TAG('S','Z','L',' ')},       /* Silesian */
 751   {"ta",        HB_TAG('T','A','M',' ')},       /* Tamil */
 752   {"tab",       HB_TAG('T','A','B',' ')},       /* Tabasaran */
 753   {"tcp",       HB_TAG('Q','I','N',' ')},       /* Tawr Chin */
 754   {"tcy",       HB_TAG('T','U','L',' ')},       /* Tulu */
 755   {"tcz",       HB_TAG('Q','I','N',' ')},       /* Thado Chin */
 756   {"tdd",       HB_TAG('T','D','D',' ')},       /* Tai Nüa */
 757   {"te",        HB_TAG('T','E','L',' ')},       /* Telugu */
 758   {"tem",       HB_TAG('T','M','N',' ')},       /* Temne */
 759   {"tet",       HB_TAG('T','E','T',' ')},       /* Tetum */
 760   {"tg",        HB_TAG('T','A','J',' ')},       /* Tajik */
 761   {"th",        HB_TAG('T','H','A',' ')},       /* Thai */
 762   {"ti",        HB_TAG('T','G','Y',' ')},       /* Tigrinya */
 763   {"tig",       HB_TAG('T','G','R',' ')},       /* Tigre */
 764   {"tiv",       HB_TAG('T','I','V',' ')},       /* Tiv */
 765   {"tk",        HB_TAG('T','K','M',' ')},       /* Turkmen */
 766   {"tl",        HB_TAG('T','G','L',' ')},       /* Tagalog */
 767   {"tmh",       HB_TAG('T','M','H',' ')},       /* Tamashek */
 768   {"tn",        HB_TAG('T','N','A',' ')},       /* Tswana */
 769   {"to",        HB_TAG('T','G','N',' ')},       /* Tonga (Tonga Islands) */
 770   {"tod",       HB_TAG('T','O','D','0')},       /* Toma */
 771   {"toi",       HB_TAG('T','N','G',' ')},       /* Tonga */
 772   {"tpi",       HB_TAG('T','P','I',' ')},       /* Tok Pisin */
 773   {"tr",        HB_TAG('T','R','K',' ')},       /* Turkish */
 774   {"tru",       HB_TAG('T','U','A',' ')},       /* Turoyo Aramaic */
 775   {"ts",        HB_TAG('T','S','G',' ')},       /* Tsonga */
 776   {"tt",        HB_TAG('T','A','T',' ')},       /* Tatar */
 777   {"tum",       HB_TAG('T','U','M',' ')},       /* Tumbuka */
 778   {"tvl",       HB_TAG('T','V','L',' ')},       /* Tuvalu */
 779   {"tw",        HB_TAG('T','W','I',' ')},       /* Twi */
 780   {"ty",        HB_TAG('T','H','T',' ')},       /* Tahitian */
 781   {"tyv",       HB_TAG('T','U','V',' ')},       /* Tuvin */
 782   {"tyz",       HB_TAG('T','Y','Z',' ')},       /* Tày */
 783   {"tzm",       HB_TAG('T','Z','M',' ')},       /* Central Atlas Tamazight */
 784   {"tzo",       HB_TAG('T','Z','O',' ')},       /* Tzotzil */
 785   {"udm",       HB_TAG('U','D','M',' ')},       /* Udmurt */
 786   {"ug",        HB_TAG('U','Y','G',' ')},       /* Uighur */
 787   {"uk",        HB_TAG('U','K','R',' ')},       /* Ukrainian */
 788   {"umb",       HB_TAG('U','M','B',' ')},       /* Umbundu */
 789   {"unr",       HB_TAG('M','U','N',' ')},       /* Mundari */
 790   {"ur",        HB_TAG('U','R','D',' ')},       /* Urdu */
 791   {"uz",        HB_TAG('U','Z','B',' ')},       /* Uzbek [macrolanguage] */
 792   {"uzn",       HB_TAG('U','Z','B',' ')},       /* Northern Uzbek */
 793   {"uzs",       HB_TAG('U','Z','B',' ')},       /* Southern Uzbek */
 794   {"ve",        HB_TAG('V','E','N',' ')},       /* Venda */
 795   {"vec",       HB_TAG('V','E','C',' ')},       /* Venetian */
 796   {"vi",        HB_TAG('V','I','T',' ')},       /* Vietnamese */
 797   {"vls",       HB_TAG('F','L','E',' ')},       /* Vlaams */
 798   {"vmw",       HB_TAG('M','A','K',' ')},       /* Makhuwa */
 799   {"vo",        HB_TAG('V','O','L',' ')},       /* Volapük */
 800   {"vro",       HB_TAG('V','R','O',' ')},       /* Võro */
 801   {"wa",        HB_TAG('W','L','N',' ')},       /* Walloon */
 802   {"war",       HB_TAG('W','A','R',' ')},       /* Waray (Philippines) */
 803   {"wbm",       HB_TAG('W','A',' ',' ')},       /* Wa */
 804   {"wbr",       HB_TAG('W','A','G',' ')},       /* Wagdi */
 805   {"wle",       HB_TAG('S','I','G',' ')},       /* Wolane */
 806   {"wo",        HB_TAG('W','L','F',' ')},       /* Wolof */
 807   {"wry",       HB_TAG('M','A','W',' ')},       /* Merwari */
 808   {"wtm",       HB_TAG('W','T','M',' ')},       /* Mewati */
 809   {"xal",       HB_TAG('K','L','M',' ')},       /* Kalmyk */
 810   {"xan",       HB_TAG('S','E','K',' ')},       /* Sekota */
 811   {"xh",        HB_TAG('X','H','S',' ')},       /* Xhosa */
 812   {"xjb",       HB_TAG('X','J','B',' ')},       /* Minjangbal */
 813   {"xog",       HB_TAG('X','O','G',' ')},       /* Soga */
 814   {"xom",       HB_TAG('K','M','O',' ')},       /* Komo (Sudan) */
 815   {"xpe",       HB_TAG('X','P','E',' ')},       /* Kpelle (Liberia) */
 816   {"xsl",       HB_TAG('S','S','L',' ')},       /* South Slavey */
 817   {"xst",       HB_TAG('S','I','G',' ')},       /* Silt'e (retired code) */
 818   {"xwo",       HB_TAG('T','O','D',' ')},       /* Written Oirat (Todo) */
 819   {"yao",       HB_TAG('Y','A','O',' ')},       /* Yao */
 820   {"yap",       HB_TAG('Y','A','P',' ')},       /* Yapese */
 821   {"yi",        HB_TAG('J','I','I',' ')},       /* Yiddish [macrolanguage] */
 822   {"yo",        HB_TAG('Y','B','A',' ')},       /* Yoruba */
 823   {"yos",       HB_TAG('Q','I','N',' ')},       /* Yos, deprecated by IANA in favor of Zou [zom] */
 824   {"yso",       HB_TAG('N','I','S',' ')},       /* Nisi (China) */
 825   {"za",        HB_TAG('Z','H','A',' ')},       /* Chuang/Zhuang [macrolanguage] */
 826   {"zea",       HB_TAG('Z','E','A',' ')},       /* Zeeuws */
 827   {"zgh",       HB_TAG('Z','G','H',' ')},       /* Standard Morrocan Tamazigh */
 828   {"zne",       HB_TAG('Z','N','D',' ')},       /* Zande */
 829   {"zom",       HB_TAG('Q','I','N',' ')},       /* Zou */
 830   {"zu",        HB_TAG('Z','U','L',' ')},       /* Zulu */
 831   {"zum",       HB_TAG('L','R','C',' ')},       /* Kumzari */
 832   {"zza",       HB_TAG('Z','Z','A',' ')},       /* Zazaki */
 833 
 834   /* The corresponding languages IDs for the following IDs are unclear,
 835    * overlap, or are architecturally weird. Needs more research. */
 836 
 837 /*{"chp",       HB_TAG('S','A','Y',' ')},*/     /* Sayisi */
 838 /*{"cwd",       HB_TAG('T','C','R',' ')},*/     /* TH-Cree */
 839 /*{"emk",       HB_TAG('E','M','K',' ')},*/     /* Eastern Maninkakan */
 840 /*{"krc",       HB_TAG('B','A','L',' ')},*/     /* Balkar */
 841 /*{"??",        HB_TAG('B','C','R',' ')},*/     /* Bible Cree */
 842 /*{"zh?",       HB_TAG('C','H','N',' ')},*/     /* Chinese (seen in Microsoft fonts) */
 843 /*{"ar-Syrc?",  HB_TAG('G','A','R',' ')},*/     /* Garshuni */
 844 /*{"hy?",       HB_TAG('H','Y','E','0')},*/     /* Armenian East (ISO 639-3 hye according to Microsoft, but that’s equivalent to ISO 639-1 hy) */
 845 /*{"ga-Latg?/"  HB_TAG('I','R','T',' ')},*/     /* Irish Traditional */
 846 /*{"krc",       HB_TAG('K','A','R',' ')},*/     /* Karachay */
 847 /*{"ka-Geok?",  HB_TAG('K','G','E',' ')},*/     /* Khutsuri Georgian */
 848 /*{"kca",       HB_TAG('K','H','K',' ')},*/     /* Khanty-Kazim */
 849 /*{"kca",       HB_TAG('K','H','S',' ')},*/     /* Khanty-Shurishkar */
 850 /*{"kca",       HB_TAG('K','H','V',' ')},*/     /* Khanty-Vakhi */
 851 /*{"kqs, kss",  HB_TAG('K','I','S',' ')},*/     /* Kisii */
 852 /*{"lua",       HB_TAG('L','U','A',' ')},*/     /* Luba-Lulua */
 853 /*{"mlq",       HB_TAG('M','L','N',' ')},*/     /* Malinke */
 854 /*{"nso",       HB_TAG('N','S','O',' ')},*/     /* Sotho, Northern */
 855 /*{"??",        HB_TAG('M','A','L',' ')},*/     /* Malayalam Traditional */
 856 /*{"csw",       HB_TAG('N','C','R',' ')},*/     /* N-Cree */
 857 /*{"csw",       HB_TAG('N','H','C',' ')},*/     /* Norway House Cree */
 858 /*{"el-polyton",        HB_TAG('P','G','R',' ')},*/     /* Polytonic Greek */
 859 /*{"bgr, cnh, cnw, czt, sez, tcp, csy, ctd, flm, pck, tcz, zom, cmr, dao, hlt, cka, cnk, mrh, mwg, cbl, cnb, csh",      HB_TAG('Q','I','N',' ')},*/     /* Chin */
 860 /*{"??",        HB_TAG('Y','I','C',' ')},*/     /* Yi Classic */
 861 /*{"zh-Latn-pinyin",    HB_TAG('Z','H','P',' ')},*/     /* Chinese Phonetic */
 862 };
 863 
 864 typedef struct {
 865   char language[11];
 866   hb_tag_t tag;
 867 } LangTagLong;
 868 static const LangTagLong ot_languages_zh[] = {
 869   /* Store longest-first, if one is a prefix of another. */
 870   {"zh-cn",     HB_TAG('Z','H','S',' ')},       /* Chinese (China) */
 871   {"zh-hk",     HB_TAG('Z','H','H',' ')},       /* Chinese (Hong Kong) */
 872   {"zh-mo",     HB_TAG('Z','H','H',' ')},       /* Chinese (Macao) */
 873   {"zh-sg",     HB_TAG('Z','H','S',' ')},       /* Chinese (Singapore) */
 874   {"zh-tw",     HB_TAG('Z','H','T',' ')},       /* Chinese (Taiwan) */
 875   {"zh-hans",   HB_TAG('Z','H','S',' ')},       /* Chinese (Simplified) */
 876   {"zh-hant-hk",HB_TAG('Z','H','H',' ')},       /* Chinese (Hong Kong) */
 877   {"zh-hant-mo",HB_TAG('Z','H','H',' ')},       /* Chinese (Macao) */
 878   {"zh-hant",   HB_TAG('Z','H','T',' ')},       /* Chinese (Traditional) */
 879 };
 880 
 881 static int
 882 lang_compare_first_component (const void *pa,
 883                               const void *pb)
 884 {
 885   const char *a = (const char *) pa;
 886   const char *b = (const char *) pb;
 887   unsigned int da, db;
 888   const char *p;
 889 
 890   p = strchr (a, '-');
 891   da = p ? (unsigned int) (p - a) : strlen (a);
 892 
 893   p = strchr (b, '-');
 894   db = p ? (unsigned int) (p - b) : strlen (b);
 895 
 896   return strncmp (a, b, MAX (da, db));
 897 }
 898 
 899 static hb_bool_t
 900 lang_matches (const char *lang_str, const char *spec)
 901 {
 902   unsigned int len = strlen (spec);
 903 
 904   return strncmp (lang_str, spec, len) == 0 &&
 905          (lang_str[len] == '\0' || lang_str[len] == '-');
 906 }
 907 
 908 hb_tag_t
 909 hb_ot_tag_from_language (hb_language_t language)
 910 {
 911   const char *lang_str, *s;
 912 
 913   if (language == HB_LANGUAGE_INVALID)
 914     return HB_OT_TAG_DEFAULT_LANGUAGE;
 915 
 916   lang_str = hb_language_to_string (language);
 917 
 918   s = strstr (lang_str, "x-hbot");
 919   if (s) {
 920     char tag[4];
 921     int i;
 922     s += 6;
 923     for (i = 0; i < 4 && ISALPHA (s[i]); i++)
 924       tag[i] = TOUPPER (s[i]);
 925     if (i) {
 926       for (; i < 4; i++)
 927         tag[i] = ' ';
 928       return HB_TAG (tag[0], tag[1], tag[2], tag[3]);
 929     }
 930   }
 931 
 932   /*
 933    * "fonipa" is a variant tag in BCP-47, meaning the International Phonetic Alphabet.
 934    * It can be applied to any language.
 935    */
 936   if (strstr (lang_str, "-fonipa")) {
 937     return HB_TAG('I','P','P','H');  /* Phonetic transcription—IPA conventions */
 938   }
 939 
 940   /*
 941    * "fonnapa" is a variant tag in BCP-47, meaning the North American Phonetic Alphabet
 942    * also known as Americanist Phonetic Notation.  It can be applied to any language.
 943    */
 944   if (strstr (lang_str, "-fonnapa")) {
 945     return HB_TAG('A','P','P','H');  /* Phonetic transcription—Americanist conventions */
 946   }
 947 
 948   /*
 949    * "Syre" is a BCP-47 script tag, meaning the Estrangela variant of the Syriac script.
 950    * It can be applied to any language.
 951    */
 952   if (strstr (lang_str, "-syre")) {
 953     return HB_TAG('S','Y','R','E');  /* Estrangela Syriac */
 954   }
 955 
 956   /*
 957    * "Syrj" is a BCP-47 script tag, meaning the Western variant of the Syriac script.
 958    * It can be applied to any language.
 959    */
 960   if (strstr (lang_str, "-syrj")) {
 961     return HB_TAG('S','Y','R','J');  /* Western Syriac */
 962   }
 963 
 964   /*
 965    * "Syrn" is a BCP-47 script tag, meaning the Eastern variant of the Syriac script.
 966    * It can be applied to any language.
 967    */
 968   if (strstr (lang_str, "-syrn")) {
 969     return HB_TAG('S','Y','R','N');  /* Eastern Syriac */
 970   }
 971 
 972   /* Find a language matching in the first component */
 973   {
 974     const LangTag *lang_tag;
 975     lang_tag = (LangTag *) bsearch (lang_str, ot_languages,
 976                                     ARRAY_LENGTH (ot_languages), sizeof (LangTag),
 977                                     lang_compare_first_component);
 978     if (lang_tag)
 979       return lang_tag->tag;
 980   }
 981 
 982   /* Otherwise, check the Chinese ones */
 983   if (0 == lang_compare_first_component (lang_str, "zh"))
 984   {
 985     unsigned int i;
 986 
 987     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_LENGTH (ot_languages_zh); i++)
 988     {
 989       const LangTagLong *lang_tag;
 990       lang_tag = &ot_languages_zh[i];
 991       if (lang_matches (lang_str, lang_tag->language))
 992         return lang_tag->tag;
 993     }
 994 
 995     /* Otherwise just return 'ZHS ' */
 996     return HB_TAG('Z','H','S',' ');
 997   }
 998 
 999   s = strchr (lang_str, '-');
1000   if (!s)
1001     s = lang_str + strlen (lang_str);
1002   if (s - lang_str == 3) {
1003     /* Assume it's ISO-639-3 and upper-case and use it. */
1004     return hb_tag_from_string (lang_str, s - lang_str) & ~0x20202000u;
1005   }
1006 
1007   return HB_OT_TAG_DEFAULT_LANGUAGE;
1008 }
1009 
1010 /**
1011  * hb_ot_tag_to_language:
1012  *
1013  *
1014  *
1015  * Return value: (transfer none):
1016  *
1017  * Since: 0.9.2
1018  **/
1019 hb_language_t
1020 hb_ot_tag_to_language (hb_tag_t tag)
1021 {
1022   unsigned int i;
1023 
1024   if (tag == HB_OT_TAG_DEFAULT_LANGUAGE)
1025     return nullptr;
1026 
1027   /* struct LangTag has only room for 3-letter language tags. */
1028   switch (tag) {
1029   case HB_TAG('A','P','P','H'):  /* Phonetic transcription—Americanist conventions */
1030     return hb_language_from_string ("und-fonnapa", -1);
1031   case HB_TAG('I','P','P','H'):  /* Phonetic transcription—IPA conventions */
1032     return hb_language_from_string ("und-fonipa", -1);
1033   case HB_TAG('S','Y','R',' '):  /* Syriac [macrolanguage] */
1034     return hb_language_from_string ("syr", -1);
1035   case HB_TAG('S','Y','R','E'):  /* Estrangela Syriac */
1036     return hb_language_from_string ("und-Syre", -1);
1037   case HB_TAG('S','Y','R','J'):  /* Western Syriac */
1038     return hb_language_from_string ("und-Syrj", -1);
1039   case HB_TAG('S','Y','R','N'):  /* Eastern Syriac */
1040     return hb_language_from_string ("und-Syrn", -1);
1041   }
1042 
1043   for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_LENGTH (ot_languages); i++)
1044     if (ot_languages[i].tag == tag)
1045       return hb_language_from_string (ot_languages[i].language, -1);
1046 
1047   /* If tag starts with ZH, it's Chinese */
1048   if ((tag & 0xFFFF0000u)  == 0x5A480000u) {
1049     switch (tag) {
1050       case HB_TAG('Z','H','H',' '): return hb_language_from_string ("zh-hk", -1); /* Hong Kong */
1051       case HB_TAG('Z','H','S',' '): return hb_language_from_string ("zh-Hans", -1); /* Simplified */
1052       case HB_TAG('Z','H','T',' '): return hb_language_from_string ("zh-Hant", -1); /* Traditional */
1053       default: break; /* Fall through */
1054     }
1055   }
1056 
1057   /* Else return a custom language in the form of "x-hbotABCD" */
1058   {
1059     unsigned char buf[11] = "x-hbot";
1060     buf[6] = tag >> 24;
1061     buf[7] = (tag >> 16) & 0xFF;
1062     buf[8] = (tag >> 8) & 0xFF;
1063     buf[9] = tag & 0xFF;
1064     if (buf[9] == 0x20)
1065       buf[9] = '\0';
1066     buf[10] = '\0';
1067     return hb_language_from_string ((char *) buf, -1);
1068   }
1069 }
1070 
1071 #ifdef MAIN
1072 static inline void
1073 test_langs_sorted (void)
1074 {
1075   for (unsigned int i = 1; i < ARRAY_LENGTH (ot_languages); i++)
1076   {
1077     int c = lang_compare_first_component (ot_languages[i-1].language, ot_languages[i].language);
1078     if (c >= 0)
1079     {
1080       fprintf (stderr, "ot_languages not sorted at index %d: %s %d %s\n",
1081                i, ot_languages[i-1].language, c, ot_languages[i].language);
1082       abort();
1083     }
1084   }
1085 }
1086 
1087 int
1088 main (void)
1089 {
1090   test_langs_sorted ();
1091   return 0;
1092 }
1093 
1094 #endif