1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 26 27 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 30 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 31 32 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08): 33 # 34 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 37 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 38 # 39 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 40 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 41 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 42 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 43 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 44 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 45 # 46 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 47 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 48 # I found in the UCLA library. 49 # 50 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 51 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 52 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 53 # 54 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is: 55 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 56 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.) 57 # 58 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 59 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 60 # 61 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 62 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 63 # Corrections are welcome! 64 # std dst 65 # LMT Local Mean Time 66 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 67 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel 68 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 69 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran* 70 # 4:00 GST Gulf* 71 # 5:30 IST India 72 # 7:00 ICT Indochina, most times and locations* 73 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) 74 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) 75 # 8:00 CST China 76 # 8:00 IDT Indochina, 1943-45, 1947-55, 1960-75 (some locations)* 77 # 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)* 78 # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830* 79 # 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937) 80 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) 81 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan 82 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09 83 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time 84 # 85 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 86 87 # From Guy Harris: 88 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 89 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 90 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 91 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 92 93 ############################################################################### 94 95 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. 96 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 97 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 98 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 99 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 100 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 101 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 102 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 103 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 104 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 105 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 106 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 107 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 108 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 109 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 110 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 111 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 112 113 # Afghanistan 114 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 115 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 116 4:00 - AFT 1945 117 4:30 - AFT 118 119 # Armenia 120 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 121 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 122 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 123 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 124 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 125 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 126 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 127 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 128 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 129 130 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 131 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 132 # follow Russia's "old" rules. 133 134 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 135 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 136 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 137 # 138 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 139 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 140 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 141 # or 142 # (brief) 143 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 144 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 145 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 146 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 147 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 148 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 149 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 150 4:00 - AMT 1997 151 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s 152 4:00 - AMT 153 154 # Azerbaijan 155 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 156 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 157 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17). 158 # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf 159 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 160 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 161 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 162 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 163 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 164 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 165 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 166 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 167 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 168 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan Time 169 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 170 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 171 172 # Bahrain 173 # See Asia/Qatar. 174 175 # Bangladesh 176 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 177 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 178 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 179 # 180 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 181 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 182 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 183 # 184 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 185 # June 186 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 187 # crippling power crisis. " 188 # 189 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 190 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 191 192 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 193 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 194 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 195 # 196 # Some sources: 197 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 198 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 199 # 200 # Our wrap-up: 201 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 202 203 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 204 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 205 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 206 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 207 # 208 # No DST end date has been announced yet. 209 210 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 211 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 212 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 213 # 214 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 215 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 216 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 217 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 218 219 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 220 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 221 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 222 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 223 # "continue for an indefinite period." 224 # 225 # One of many places where it is published: 226 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 227 228 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 229 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 230 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 231 # 232 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 233 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 234 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 235 # 236 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 237 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 238 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 239 # Minister's Office last night..." 240 241 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 242 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 243 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 244 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 245 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 246 247 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 248 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S 249 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 - 250 251 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 252 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 253 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 254 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 255 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 256 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 257 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 258 6:00 - BDT 2009 259 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT 260 261 # Bhutan 262 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 263 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 264 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 265 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 266 267 # British Indian Ocean Territory 268 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 269 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 270 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 271 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 272 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 273 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 274 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 275 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 276 6:00 - IOT 277 278 # Brunei 279 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 280 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 281 7:30 - BNT 1933 282 8:00 - BNT 283 284 # Burma / Myanmar 285 286 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 287 288 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 289 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 290 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 291 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 292 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 293 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 294 295 # Cambodia 296 # See Asia/Bangkok. 297 298 299 # China 300 301 # From Guy Harris: 302 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 303 304 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 305 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 306 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 307 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 308 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of 309 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 310 # 311 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 312 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for 313 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 314 # 315 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 316 # 1987 mid-April - ?? 317 318 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 319 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 320 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 321 322 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 323 # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 324 # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began 325 # observing daylight saving time in 1986. 326 327 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 328 # Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but 329 # this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer 330 # DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so 331 # go with them for DST rules as follows: 332 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 333 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 334 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 335 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 336 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 337 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 338 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 339 340 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 341 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 342 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 343 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 344 # 345 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 346 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 347 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 348 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 349 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 350 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 351 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 352 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 353 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 354 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 355 356 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 357 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: 358 # 359 # (1) 360 # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 361 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC 362 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology 363 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003) 364 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was 365 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the 366 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not 367 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar 368 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued 369 # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the 370 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it 371 # could well have ignored any such mandate. 372 # 373 # (2) 374 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 375 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China 376 # [undated and unknown publication location] 377 # It says several things: 378 # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. 379 # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective 380 # the official calendar book of 1914. 381 # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in 382 # French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) 383 # Observatory and set to local mean time. 384 # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. 385 # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) 386 # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it 387 # became used by railways as well. 388 # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into 389 # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on 390 # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. 391 # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice 392 # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in 393 # Japanese-occupied territory. 394 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. 395 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into 396 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear 397 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. 398 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. 399 # 400 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the 401 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is 402 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour 403 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the 404 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8. 405 # 406 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but 407 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. 408 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and 409 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. 410 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice 411 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: 412 # 413 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5 414 # Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai) 415 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 416 # 417 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8 418 # Asia/Shanghai 419 # most of China 420 # This currently represents most other zones as well, 421 # as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970. 422 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest. 423 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century". 424 # 425 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7 426 # Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai) 427 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 428 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 429 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 430 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 431 # 432 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6 433 # Asia/Urumqi 434 # This currently represents Kunlun Time as well, 435 # as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970. 436 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 437 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 438 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 439 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 440 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 441 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 442 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 443 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 444 # 445 # Kunlun Time UT+5.5 446 # Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi) 447 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 448 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 449 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 450 # and Yarkand. 451 452 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 453 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 454 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 455 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 456 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 457 # they implicitly use Beijing time. 458 # 459 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 460 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 461 # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang 462 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 463 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in 464 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 465 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 466 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 467 # 468 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 469 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 470 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 471 # 472 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 473 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 474 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 475 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 476 # others moving their clocks ahead.) 477 478 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 479 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 480 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 481 # 482 # 1. Wulumuqi... 483 # 2. Kashi... 484 # 3. Urumqi... 485 # 4. Kashgar... 486 # ... 487 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 488 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 489 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 490 # 491 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 492 # start date for Xinjiang time. 493 # 494 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 495 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 496 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 497 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 498 499 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): 500 # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986: 501 # http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html 502 503 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): 504 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from 505 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's 506 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David 507 # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially 508 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least 509 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time; 510 # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers 511 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some 512 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only 513 # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as 514 # having the same time as Beijing. 515 516 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 517 # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but 518 # this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun, 519 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN 520 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. 521 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. 522 # 523 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see 524 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" 525 # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). 526 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. 527 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, 528 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan 529 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of 530 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 531 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 532 # XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 533 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 534 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of UT+8 before 535 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and 536 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 537 # UT+8 mandate back then. 538 539 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 540 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 541 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 542 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 543 8:00 PRC C%sT 544 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi 545 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 546 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 547 6:00 - XJT 548 549 550 # Hong Kong (Xianggang) 551 552 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 553 554 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 555 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 556 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 557 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 558 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 559 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 560 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 561 # obtained from 562 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 563 564 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 565 # Here are the dates given at 566 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 567 # as of 2009-10-28: 568 # Year Period 569 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 570 # 1942 Whole year 571 # 1943 Whole year 572 # 1944 Whole year 573 # 1945 Whole year 574 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 575 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 576 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 577 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 578 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 579 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 580 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 581 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 582 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 583 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 584 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 585 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 586 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 587 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 588 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 589 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 590 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 591 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 592 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 593 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 594 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 595 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 596 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 597 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 598 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 599 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 600 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 601 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 602 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 603 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 604 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 605 # 1977 Nil 606 # 1978 Nil 607 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 608 # 1980 to Now Nil 609 # The page does not give start or end times of day. 610 # The page does not give a start date for 1942. 611 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 612 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 613 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 614 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 615 616 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 617 Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 618 Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 619 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 620 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 621 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 622 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 623 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 624 Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 625 Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 626 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 627 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 628 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 629 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 630 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 631 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 632 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 633 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 634 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 635 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 636 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 637 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 638 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 639 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 640 8:00 HK HK%sT 641 642 ############################################################################### 643 644 # Taiwan 645 646 # From smallufo (2010-04-03): 647 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], 648 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 649 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 650 651 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 652 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of 653 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that 654 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands 655 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on 656 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be 657 # found on Wikisource: 658 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 659 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because 660 # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone 661 # declared officially. 662 # 663 # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa 664 # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of 665 # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard 666 # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in 667 # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan 668 # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time 669 # (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can 670 # be found on Wikisource: 671 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 672 # 673 # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937. 674 675 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 676 # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9 677 # back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document 678 # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time 679 # zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another 680 # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a 681 # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two 682 # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And 683 # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" 684 # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact 685 # that: 686 # 687 # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using 688 # the time at 135E (GMT+9) 689 # 690 # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan 691 # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, 692 # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called 693 # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. 694 # 695 # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the 696 # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard 697 # Time. 698 # 699 # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: 700 # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 701 # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: 702 # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm 703 # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: 704 # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf 705 706 # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): 707 # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to 708 # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General 709 # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... 710 # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local 711 # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on 712 # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more 713 # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the 714 # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this 715 # would be a good one. 716 # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: 717 # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener 718 719 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 720 # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from 721 # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. 722 # 723 # Original Bulletin: 724 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF 725 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.) 726 # 727 # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that 728 # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: 729 # 730 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431 731 # 732 # Here is a brief translation: 733 # 734 # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 735 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time 736 # adoption till Oct 31 midnight. 737 # 738 # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can 739 # be found from historical government announcement database. 740 741 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): 742 # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01 743 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. 744 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. 745 746 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 747 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 748 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 749 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 750 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 751 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 752 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 753 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 754 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 755 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 756 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 757 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 758 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 759 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 760 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D 761 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 762 763 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 764 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei 765 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 766 8:00 - JWST 1937 Oct 1 767 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00 768 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 769 770 # Macau (Macao, Aomen) 771 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 772 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 773 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 774 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 775 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 776 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 777 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 778 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 779 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 780 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 781 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 782 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 783 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 784 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 785 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 786 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 787 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 788 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 789 8:00 PRC C%sT 790 791 792 ############################################################################### 793 794 # Cyprus 795 # 796 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 797 # 798 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 799 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 800 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 801 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 802 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 803 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 804 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 805 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 806 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 807 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 808 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 809 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 810 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 811 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 812 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 813 814 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 815 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 816 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 817 818 # Georgia 819 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 820 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 821 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 822 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 823 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 824 # 825 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 826 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 827 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 828 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 829 # 830 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 831 # 832 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 833 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 834 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 835 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 836 # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 837 # of integration into Europe. 838 839 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 840 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 841 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 842 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 843 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 844 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 845 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 846 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 847 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 848 849 # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7. 850 # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11. 851 # Go with Byalokoz. 852 853 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 854 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880 855 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 856 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 857 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 858 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 859 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 860 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 861 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 862 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 863 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 864 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 865 4:00 - GET 866 867 # East Timor 868 869 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 870 871 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 872 # East Timor may be late for its millennium 873 # <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): 874 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 875 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 876 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 877 # conflicts with their way of life. 878 879 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 880 # We don't have any record of the above attempt. 881 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 882 883 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 884 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html 885 # (2000-08-16): 886 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 887 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 888 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 889 # midnight on Saturday, September 16. 890 891 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 892 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 893 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 894 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 895 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 896 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 0:00 897 9:00 - TLT 898 899 # India 900 901 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic 902 # http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/ 903 # (2015-12-22): 904 # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the 905 # outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of 906 # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this 907 # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century. 908 909 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 910 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 911 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 912 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 913 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 914 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 915 5:30 - IST 916 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 917 # Andaman Is 918 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 919 # Nicobar Is 920 921 # Indonesia 922 # 923 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): 924 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia 925 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta. 926 # 927 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 928 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime 929 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 930 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 931 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 932 # 933 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 934 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 935 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 936 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 937 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 938 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 939 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 940 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions 941 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 942 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 943 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 944 # switched on 1945-09-23. 945 # 946 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 947 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in 948 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even 949 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language 950 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the 951 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, 952 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). 953 # The abbreviations are: 954 # 955 # WIB - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) 956 # WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) 957 # WIT - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) 958 # 959 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 960 # Java, Sumatra 961 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 962 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 963 # but this must be a typo. 964 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia 965 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 966 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23 967 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 968 7:30 - WIB 1948 May 969 8:00 - WIB 1950 May 970 7:30 - WIB 1964 971 7:00 - WIB 972 # west and central Borneo 973 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 974 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 975 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29 976 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 977 7:30 - WIB 1948 May 978 8:00 - WIB 1950 May 979 7:30 - WIB 1964 980 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 981 7:00 - WIB 982 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo 983 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 984 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 985 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9 986 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 987 8:00 - WITA 988 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua 989 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 990 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1 991 9:30 - ACST 1964 992 9:00 - WIT 993 994 # Iran 995 996 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 997 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 998 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 999 # 1000 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 1001 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 1002 # 1003 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 1004 # 1005 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 1006 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 1007 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 1008 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 1009 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 1010 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 1011 # 1012 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 1013 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 1014 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 1015 # Shahrivar. 1016 # 1017 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 1018 # 1019 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 1020 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 1021 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 1022 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 1023 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 1024 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 1025 # 1026 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 1027 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 1028 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 1029 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 1030 # plan to change that law.... 1031 # 1032 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1033 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 1034 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 1035 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 1036 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 1037 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 1038 # 1039 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 1040 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 1041 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 1042 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 1043 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 1044 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 1045 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 1046 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 1047 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 1048 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 1049 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 1050 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 1051 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 1052 # 1053 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 1054 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 1055 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 1056 # 1057 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen: 1058 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 1059 # daylight saving time ... 1060 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 1061 # 1062 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 1063 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 1064 # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 1065 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 1066 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 1067 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 1068 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 1069 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 1070 # 1071 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1072 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1073 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 1074 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 1075 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 1076 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 1077 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1078 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1079 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1080 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1081 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1082 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1083 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1084 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1085 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1086 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1087 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1088 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1089 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1090 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1091 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1092 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1093 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1094 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1095 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1096 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1097 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1098 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1099 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1100 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1101 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1102 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1103 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1104 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1105 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1106 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1107 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1108 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1109 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1110 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1111 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1112 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1113 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1114 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1115 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1116 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1117 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1118 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1119 # 1120 # The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038. 1121 # These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the 1122 # restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format. 1123 # At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite 1124 # possibly Iran will change the rules first. 1125 Rule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1126 Rule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1127 1128 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1129 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 1130 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 1131 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 1132 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 1133 3:30 Iran IR%sT 1134 1135 1136 # Iraq 1137 # 1138 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 1139 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 1140 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 1141 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 1142 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 1143 # 1144 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 1145 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 1146 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 1147 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 1148 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 1149 # 1150 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 1151 1152 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 1153 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 1154 # news sources (in Arabic): 1155 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 1156 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 1157 # 1158 # We have published a short article in English about the change: 1159 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 1160 1161 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1162 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1163 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 1164 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1165 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1166 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 1167 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 1168 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. 1169 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 1170 # 1171 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 1172 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 1173 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1174 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 1175 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 1176 3:00 - AST 1982 May 1177 3:00 Iraq A%sT 1178 1179 1180 ############################################################################### 1181 1182 # Israel 1183 1184 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 1185 # 1186 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 1187 # different abbreviations in use: 1188 # 1189 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 1190 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 1191 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 1192 # 1193 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 1194 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 1195 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 1196 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 1197 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1198 # settings in Israeli computers. 1199 # 1200 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1201 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1202 # family is from India). 1203 1204 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 1205 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1206 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1207 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1208 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1209 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1210 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1211 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1212 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 1213 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1214 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 1215 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 1216 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1217 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1218 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1219 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1220 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1221 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1222 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1223 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1224 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1225 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1226 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1227 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1228 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1229 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1230 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1231 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1232 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1233 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1234 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1235 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1236 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1237 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1238 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1239 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1240 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1241 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1242 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1243 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1244 1245 # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): 1246 # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the 1247 # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath 1248 # ends and changes to Sunday. 1249 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D 1250 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S 1251 1252 # From Ephraim Silverberg 1253 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1254 # and 2005-02-17): 1255 1256 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1257 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1258 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1259 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1260 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1261 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1262 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1263 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1264 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1265 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1266 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1267 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1268 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1269 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1270 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1271 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1272 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1273 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1274 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1275 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1276 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1277 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1278 1279 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1280 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1281 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1282 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1283 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1284 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1285 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1286 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1287 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1288 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1289 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1290 1291 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1292 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1293 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1294 1295 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1296 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1297 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1298 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1299 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1300 1301 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1302 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1303 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1304 # 1305 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1306 # 1307 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1308 # 1309 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1310 # 1311 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1312 # 1313 # where YYYY is the relevant year. 1314 1315 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1316 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1317 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1318 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1319 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1320 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1321 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1322 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1323 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1324 1325 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1326 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1327 # years 2001-2004 as well. 1328 # 1329 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1330 # 1331 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1332 # 1333 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1334 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1335 # 1336 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1337 1338 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1339 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1340 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1341 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1342 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1343 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1344 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1345 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1346 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1347 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1348 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1349 1350 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1351 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1352 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1353 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1354 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1355 # 1356 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1357 # 1358 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1359 1360 # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26): 1361 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1362 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1363 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1364 # to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012. 1365 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1366 # The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule: 1367 # 1368 # Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1369 # 1370 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1371 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1372 # springtime transitions explicitly. 1373 1374 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1375 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1376 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1377 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1378 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1379 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1380 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1381 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1382 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1383 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1384 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1385 Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1386 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1387 1388 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27): 1389 # On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the 1390 # Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading 1391 # in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third 1392 # (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013. 1393 # 1394 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday 1395 # in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. 1396 1397 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1398 Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 1399 Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1400 1401 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1402 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 1403 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1404 2:00 Zion I%sT 1405 1406 1407 1408 ############################################################################### 1409 1410 # Japan 1411 1412 # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 1413 1414 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1415 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1416 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 1417 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 1418 1419 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: 1420 # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm 1421 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1422 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1423 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1424 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1425 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1426 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1427 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1428 # wanted to keep it.) 1429 1430 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1431 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 1432 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1433 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1434 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1435 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1436 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1437 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1438 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1439 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1440 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 1441 1442 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1443 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1444 # Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 1445 # 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N. 1446 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1447 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1448 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1449 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1450 1451 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1452 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1453 # which stands for the time on 135 degrees E. 1454 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1455 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1456 # time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard 1457 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1458 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1459 # standard.... 1460 # 1461 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1462 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1463 1464 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 1465 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 1466 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 1467 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 1468 # 1469 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 1470 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 1471 # Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 1472 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 1473 1474 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1475 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1476 9:00 - JST 1896 Jan 1 1477 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1478 9:00 Japan J%sT 1479 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1480 1481 # Jordan 1482 # 1483 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 1484 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1485 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1486 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1487 # all year round. 1488 # 1489 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 1490 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1491 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1492 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1493 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1494 # government's departments from six to seven hours. 1495 # 1496 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1497 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1498 # 1499 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1500 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1501 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1502 # 1503 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1504 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1505 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1506 # 1507 1508 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1509 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1510 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1511 # 1512 # Google's translation: 1513 # 1514 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1515 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1516 # > of the month of March of each year. 1517 # 1518 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1519 1520 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1521 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1522 1523 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): 1524 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not 1525 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST 1526 # until about the same time next year (at least). 1527 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 1528 1529 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): 1530 # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to 1531 # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: 1532 # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime 1533 # Official, in Arabic: 1534 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 1535 # ... Our background/permalink about it 1536 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html 1537 # ... 1538 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P 1539 # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future 1540 # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). 1541 1542 # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): 1543 # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. 1544 1545 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1546 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1547 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1548 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1549 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1550 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1551 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1552 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1553 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1554 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1555 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1556 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1557 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1558 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1559 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1560 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1561 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1562 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1563 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1564 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1565 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1566 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1567 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1568 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1569 Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1570 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1571 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1572 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1573 Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1574 Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - 1575 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1576 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1577 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1578 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1579 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1580 1581 1582 # Kazakhstan 1583 1584 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1585 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 1586 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 1587 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 1588 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 1589 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 1590 1591 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1592 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 1593 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 1594 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. 1595 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: 1596 # 1597 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 1598 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 1599 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 1600 1601 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11 1602 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21): 1603 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1604 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1605 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1606 # 1607 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1608 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1609 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1610 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1611 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1612 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1613 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1614 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1615 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1616 1617 # 1618 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1619 # 1620 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1621 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1622 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 1623 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 1624 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1625 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1626 6:00 - ALMT 1627 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 1628 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1629 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 1630 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 1631 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 1632 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 1633 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 1634 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1635 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1636 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1637 6:00 - QYZT 1638 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) 1639 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1640 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 1641 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 1642 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 1643 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 1644 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 1645 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1646 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1647 5:00 - AQTT 1648 # Mangghystau 1649 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1650 # so include time stamps before 1963. 1651 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1652 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 1653 5:00 - FORT 1963 1654 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 1655 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 1656 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 1657 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1658 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1659 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1660 5:00 - AQTT 1661 # West Kazakhstan 1662 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1663 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 1664 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 1665 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 1666 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 1667 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 1668 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 1669 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1670 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1671 5:00 - ORAT 1672 1673 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1674 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1675 1676 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1677 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1678 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml 1679 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1680 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1681 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1682 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1683 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1684 1685 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1686 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1687 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1688 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1689 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1690 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1691 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1692 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1693 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1694 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1695 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1696 6:00 - KGT 1697 1698 ############################################################################### 1699 1700 # Korea (North and South) 1701 1702 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10): 1703 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012 1704 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it 1705 # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced 1706 # between 1987 and 1988 ... 1707 1708 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29): 1709 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html 1710 # According to the Korean Wikipedia 1711 # http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시 1712 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC] 1713 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old 1714 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia. 1715 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST 1716 # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in 1717 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year. 1718 1719 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1720 Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1721 Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1722 Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D 1723 Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1724 Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1725 Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D 1726 Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D 1727 Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S 1728 Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D 1729 Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 1730 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D 1731 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S 1732 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1733 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S 1734 1735 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-30): 1736 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets: 1737 # 1738 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (Edict No. 5) 1739 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367 1740 # (Announcement No. 338) 1741 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17) 1742 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07) 1743 # 1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31) 1744 # 1745 # The Wikipedia entry also has confusing information about a change 1746 # to UT+9 in April 1910, but then what would be the point of the later change 1747 # to UT+9 on 1912-01-01? Omit the 1910 change for now. 1748 # 1749 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same 1750 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST 1751 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. 1752 # 1753 # For Pyongyang we have no information; guess no changes since World War II. 1754 1755 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07): 1756 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to 1757 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example: 1758 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049 1759 # 1760 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15): 1761 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See: 1762 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time' 1763 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html 1764 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone. 1765 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK. 1766 1767 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1768 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 1769 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 1770 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1771 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 1772 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1773 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1774 9:00 ROK K%sT 1775 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 1776 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 1777 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1778 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 1779 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00 1780 8:30 - KST 1781 1782 ############################################################################### 1783 1784 # Kuwait 1785 # See Asia/Riyadh. 1786 1787 # Laos 1788 # See Asia/Bangkok. 1789 1790 1791 # Lebanon 1792 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1793 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1794 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1795 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1796 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1797 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1798 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1799 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1800 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1801 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1802 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1803 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1804 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1805 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1806 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1807 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1808 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1809 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1810 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1811 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1812 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1813 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1814 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1815 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1816 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1817 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1818 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1819 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1820 1821 # Malaysia 1822 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1823 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1824 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1825 # 1826 # peninsular Malaysia 1827 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1828 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 1829 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1830 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1831 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1832 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1833 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1834 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1835 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1836 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1837 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1838 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1839 # Sabah & Sarawak 1840 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): 1841 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 1842 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1843 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1844 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1845 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1846 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1847 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1848 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 1849 8:00 - MYT 1850 1851 # Maldives 1852 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1853 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1854 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1855 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 1856 1857 # Mongolia 1858 1859 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 1860 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World 1861 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one. 1862 1863 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 1864 # General Information Mongolia 1865 # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09) 1866 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1867 # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 1868 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 1869 # eight hours." 1870 1871 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 1872 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 1873 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 1874 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 1875 # of implementation may have been different.... 1876 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 1877 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1878 # Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii. 1879 1880 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 1881 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 1882 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 1883 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 1884 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 1885 # is good enough for our purposes. 1886 1887 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 1888 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 1889 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 1890 # there are three time zones. 1891 # 1892 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1893 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv, 1894 # Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi 1895 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar 1896 # 1897 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 1898 1899 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1900 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1901 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1902 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1903 # 1904 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1905 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1906 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1907 1908 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1909 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1910 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1911 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1912 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that 1913 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1914 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1915 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1916 # He also found 1917 # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& 1918 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1919 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1920 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1921 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1922 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1923 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1924 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1925 1926 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 1927 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 1928 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 1929 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 1930 1931 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 1932 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 1933 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 1934 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 1935 # database on this, e.g.: 1936 # 1937 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 1938 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 1939 # 1940 # both say GMT+08:00. 1941 1942 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 1943 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 1944 # schedule here: 1945 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 1946 # (click the English flag for English) 1947 # 1948 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive 1949 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 1950 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern 1951 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are 1952 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 1953 # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 1954 1955 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1956 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 1957 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 1958 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 1959 # this is almost surely wrong. 1960 1961 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10): 1962 # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use 1963 # daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of 1964 # March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of 1965 # September daylight saving time ends. Source: 1966 # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969 1967 1968 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1969 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1970 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1971 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 1972 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 1973 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 1974 # 1975 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 1976 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place 1977 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 1978 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 1979 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 1980 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 1981 1982 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1983 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1984 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1985 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1986 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1987 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1988 Rule Mongol 2015 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1989 Rule Mongol 2015 max - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 - 1990 1991 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1992 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 1993 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 1994 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 1995 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 1996 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 1997 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 1998 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 1999 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 2000 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 2001 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 2002 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 2003 7:00 - ULAT 1978 2004 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 2005 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time 2006 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2007 2008 # Nepal 2009 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2010 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 2011 5:30 - IST 1986 2012 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 2013 2014 # Oman 2015 # See Asia/Dubai. 2016 2017 # Pakistan 2018 2019 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 2020 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 2021 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 2022 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 2023 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 2024 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 2025 2026 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 2027 # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL: 2028 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 2029 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 2030 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 2031 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 2032 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 2033 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 2034 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 2035 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 2036 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 2037 2038 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 2039 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 2040 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 2041 2042 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 2043 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 2044 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 2045 # 2046 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 2047 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 2048 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 2049 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 2050 # 2051 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 2052 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 2053 2054 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 2055 # 2056 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 2057 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 2058 # 2059 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to 2060 # help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 2061 # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...." 2062 # 2063 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 2064 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 2065 2066 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2067 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 2068 2069 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2070 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 2071 # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 2072 # instead of August 31. 2073 # 2074 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 2075 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 2076 2077 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 2078 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 2079 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 2080 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 2081 # official working." 2082 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 2083 # 2084 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 2085 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009 2086 # 2087 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 2088 # April 08, 2009 2089 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 2090 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 2091 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 2092 # 2093 # .... 2094 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 2095 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 2096 # conserve energy" 2097 2098 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 2099 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 2100 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 2101 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 2102 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 2103 # this regard." 2104 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 2105 2106 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 2107 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 2108 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from 2109 # October 1, 2009. 2110 # 2111 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 2112 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 2113 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 2114 # 2115 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 2116 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 2117 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 2118 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 2119 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 2120 # Monday." 2121 # 2122 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 2123 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 2124 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 2125 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 2126 # 2127 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 2128 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 2129 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 2130 2131 # From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01): 2132 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 2133 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 2134 2135 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 2136 # Steffen Thorsen wrote: 2137 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 2138 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 2139 # > 2140 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 2141 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 2142 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 2143 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 2144 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 2145 # 2146 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 2147 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 2148 # 2149 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 2150 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 2151 2152 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2153 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 2154 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2155 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2156 Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2157 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 2158 2159 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2160 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 2161 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 2162 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 2163 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 2164 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 2165 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 2166 2167 # Palestine 2168 2169 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 2170 # 2171 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 2172 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 2173 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 2174 # 2175 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 2176 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 2177 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 2178 # though. 2179 # 2180 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 2181 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 2182 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 2183 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 2184 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 2185 # East Jerusalem. 2186 # 2187 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 2188 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 2189 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 2190 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 2191 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 2192 # 2193 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 2194 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 2195 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 2196 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 2197 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 2198 # Jordanian one). 2199 # 2200 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 2201 # 2202 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 2203 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 2204 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 2205 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 2206 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 2207 # 2208 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 2209 # have one). 2210 2211 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2212 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 2213 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 2214 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 2215 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 2216 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 2217 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 2218 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 2219 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2220 # to Palestine's rules. 2221 2222 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 2223 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 2224 # 2225 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 2226 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 2227 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 2228 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 2229 2230 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2231 # Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc 2232 # http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html 2233 # (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 2234 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 2235 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 2236 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 2237 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 2238 2239 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2240 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2241 2242 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2243 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2244 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2245 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2246 # earlier - the same goes for Jordan. 2247 2248 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2249 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2250 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2251 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2252 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2253 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2254 # the West Bank. 2255 2256 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2257 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2258 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2259 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2260 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2261 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2262 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2263 # because of the Ramadan. 2264 2265 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2266 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2267 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2268 2269 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2270 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2271 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2272 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2273 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2274 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2275 2276 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2277 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2278 # 2279 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2280 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2281 # 2282 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2283 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2284 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2285 2286 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2287 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2288 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2289 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2290 # 2291 # (in Arabic) 2292 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2293 # 2294 # (English translation) 2295 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2296 2297 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2298 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2299 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2300 # 2301 # One news source: 2302 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2303 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2304 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2305 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2306 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2307 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2308 # 2309 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2310 # end date, we will keep this page updated: 2311 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2312 2313 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2314 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2315 # 2316 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2317 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2318 # 2319 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2320 # (from Palestinian National Authority): 2321 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2322 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2323 2324 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2325 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2326 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2327 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2328 # 2329 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2330 # (in Arabic) 2331 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2332 2333 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2334 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2335 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2336 # noon though: 2337 # 2338 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2339 # (Ma'an News Agency) 2340 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2341 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2342 2343 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 2344 # According to several sources, including 2345 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 2346 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 2347 # Gaza and the West Bank. 2348 # Some more background info: 2349 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 2350 2351 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 2352 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 2353 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 2354 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 2355 # Ramadan. 2356 # 2357 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 2358 # Additional info: 2359 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 2360 2361 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 2362 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 2363 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 2364 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 2365 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 2366 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 2367 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 2368 # ... 2369 # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 2370 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 2371 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. 2372 2373 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 2374 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 2375 # 00:00). 2376 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 2377 # 2378 # Many sources, including: 2379 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 2380 2381 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2382 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 2383 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 2384 # Some of many sources in Arabic: 2385 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 2386 # 2387 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 2388 # 2389 # Our brief summary: 2390 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 2391 2392 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): 2393 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving 2394 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). 2395 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] 2396 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 2397 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html 2398 2399 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): 2400 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight 2401 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). 2402 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect 2403 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": 2404 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 2405 # official source...: 2406 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 2407 2408 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03): 2409 # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257 2410 # and http://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will 2411 # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected. 2412 # 2413 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03): 2414 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014 2415 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00. 2416 # For future dates, guess the last Friday in March at 24:00 through 2417 # the first Friday on or after October 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with 2418 # the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs: 2419 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza 2420 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron 2421 2422 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2423 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2424 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2425 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2426 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2427 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2428 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2429 2430 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2431 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2432 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2433 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2434 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2435 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2436 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2437 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2438 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2439 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - 2440 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2441 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 2442 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S 2443 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2444 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S 2445 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2446 Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2447 Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - 2448 Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2449 Rule Palestine 2014 max - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2450 Rule Palestine 2015 max - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S 2451 2452 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2453 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2454 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2455 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2456 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2457 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2458 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 2459 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 2460 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 2461 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 2462 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 2463 2:00 - EET 2012 2464 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2465 2466 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 2467 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2468 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2469 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2470 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2471 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2472 2473 # Paracel Is 2474 # no information 2475 2476 # Philippines 2477 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the 2478 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2479 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's 2480 # History of the International Date Line 2481 # http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm 2482 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2483 2484 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2485 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2486 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2487 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2488 # but no details] 2489 2490 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14): 2491 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again 2492 # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed 2493 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details. 2494 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time. 2495 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05 2496 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time 2497 2498 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2499 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 2500 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 2501 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 2502 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 2503 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 2504 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2505 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2506 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 2507 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 2508 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 2509 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 2510 8:00 Phil PH%sT 2511 2512 # Qatar 2513 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2514 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 2515 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 2516 3:00 - AST 2517 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain 2518 2519 # Saudi Arabia 2520 # 2521 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 2522 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not 2523 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it 2524 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to 2525 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines 2526 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar 2527 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 2528 # o'clock for "Arab" time). 2529 # 2530 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best 2531 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics 2532 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated 2533 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and 2534 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the 2535 # earlier date. 2536 # 2537 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two 2538 # time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of 2539 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff. 2540 # 2541 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2542 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 2543 3:00 - AST 2544 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen 2545 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait 2546 2547 # Singapore 2548 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2549 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 2550 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2551 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2552 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2553 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 2554 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 2555 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 2556 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 2557 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 2558 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 2559 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 2560 8:00 - SGT 2561 2562 # Spratly Is 2563 # no information 2564 2565 # Sri Lanka 2566 2567 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 2568 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 2569 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 2570 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 2571 # Shanks and Pottenger. 2572 2573 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 2574 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2575 # (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24, 2576 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2577 # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2578 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." 2579 # 2580 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 2581 # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section 2582 # <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): 2583 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 2584 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 2585 2586 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2587 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2588 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2589 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2590 2591 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2592 # http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML 2593 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2594 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2595 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2596 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2597 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2598 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2599 2600 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25): 2601 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at 2602 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government 2603 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization 2604 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard. 2605 # 2606 # I recollect before the recent change the government announcements 2607 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka 2608 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation. 2609 # 2610 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News 2611 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they 2612 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news 2613 # item.... 2614 # 2615 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and 2616 # administrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the 2617 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well 2618 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are 2619 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk). 2620 # 2621 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation 2622 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for 2623 # all computers. 2624 2625 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2626 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down 2627 # and then see what people actually say in practice. 2628 2629 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2630 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 2631 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 2632 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 2633 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 2634 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 2635 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 2636 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2637 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2638 5:30 - IST 2639 2640 # Syria 2641 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2642 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 2643 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 2644 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 2645 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2646 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2647 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2648 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2649 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2650 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 2651 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2652 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2653 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 2654 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 2655 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2656 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 2657 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 2658 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 2659 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 2660 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 2661 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2662 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2663 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 2664 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2665 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2666 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2667 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 2668 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2669 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 2670 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 2671 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 2672 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2673 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2674 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2675 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 2676 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2677 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2678 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2679 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2680 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2681 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2682 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2683 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2684 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2685 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2686 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2687 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2688 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27): 2689 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2690 # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or 2691 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than 2692 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2693 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2694 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2695 # 2696 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2697 # Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote: 2698 # 2699 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2700 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2701 # 2702 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2703 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2704 # 2705 # which using Google's translate tools says: 2706 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2707 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2708 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2709 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2710 2711 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2712 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2713 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so.... 2714 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2715 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2716 # Variation 2717 # Syrian Arab 2718 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2719 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2720 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2721 2722 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2723 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2724 # Agency (SANA)... 2725 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2726 # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2727 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2728 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2729 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 2730 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 2731 2732 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2733 # My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 2734 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 2735 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 2736 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 2737 2738 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 2739 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 2740 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 2741 # 2742 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 2743 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 2744 # clocks back 60 minutes). 2745 # 2746 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 2747 2748 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 2749 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 2750 # two examples: 2751 # 2752 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 2753 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 2754 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 2755 # (Arabic, gov-site) 2756 # 2757 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 2758 # 2759 # Our summary 2760 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 2761 2762 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 2763 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 2764 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 2765 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 2766 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 2767 2768 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 2769 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 2770 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 2771 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 2772 2773 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 2774 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 2775 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 2776 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 2777 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 2778 2779 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2780 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 2781 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 2782 # 2783 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 2784 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 2785 # 2786 # Our brief summary: 2787 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 2788 2789 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 2790 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. 2791 2792 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2793 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2794 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2795 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2796 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2797 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 2798 2799 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2800 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 2801 2:00 Syria EE%sT 2802 2803 # Tajikistan 2804 # From Shanks & Pottenger. 2805 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2806 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2807 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 2808 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2809 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 2810 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 2811 2812 # Thailand 2813 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2814 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 2815 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 2816 7:00 - ICT 2817 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia 2818 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos 2819 2820 # Turkmenistan 2821 # From Shanks & Pottenger. 2822 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2823 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 2824 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 2825 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2826 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 2827 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 2828 5:00 - TMT 2829 2830 # United Arab Emirates 2831 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2832 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 2833 4:00 - GST 2834 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman 2835 2836 # Uzbekistan 2837 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53. 2838 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2839 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2 2840 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 2841 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 2842 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 2843 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time 2844 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2845 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2846 5:00 - UZT 2847 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest. 2848 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 2849 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 2850 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2851 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2852 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2853 5:00 - UZT 2854 2855 # Vietnam 2856 2857 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04): 2858 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 2859 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 2860 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 2861 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906. 2862 2863 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2864 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh 2865 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 2866 2867 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân: 2868 # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)" 2869 # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50, 2870 # is quoted verbatim in: 2871 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01 2872 # is translated by Brian Inglis in: 2873 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html 2874 # and is the basis for the information below. 2875 # 2876 # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to 2877 # Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris. 2878 # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or 2879 # the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333... 2880 # and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30, 2881 # which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory 2882 # is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT. 2883 # 2884 # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954) 2885 # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954): 2886 # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01. 2887 # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00. 2888 # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00. 2889 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam. 2890 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina. 2891 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam. 2892 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam. 2893 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam. 2894 # 2895 # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above. 2896 # 2897 # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội, 2898 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982. 2899 # 2900 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)", 2901 # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000. 2902 # 2903 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu", 2904 # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995. 2905 2906 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2907 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 2908 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 2909 7:00 - ICT 1942 Dec 31 23:00 2910 8:00 - IDT 1945 Mar 14 23:00 2911 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2 2912 7:00 - ICT 1947 Apr 1 2913 8:00 - IDT 1955 Jul 1 2914 7:00 - ICT 1959 Dec 31 23:00 2915 8:00 - IDT 1975 Jun 13 2916 7:00 - ICT 2917 2918 # Yemen 2919 # See Asia/Riyadh.