1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 26 27 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 30 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 31 32 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08): 33 # 34 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 37 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 38 # 39 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 40 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 41 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 42 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 43 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 44 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 45 # 46 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 47 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 48 # I found in the UCLA library. 49 # 50 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 51 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 52 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 53 # 54 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is: 55 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 56 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.) 57 # 58 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 59 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 60 # 61 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 62 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 63 # Corrections are welcome! 64 # std dst 65 # LMT Local Mean Time 66 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 67 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel 68 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 69 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran* 70 # 4:00 GST Gulf* 71 # 5:30 IST India 72 # 7:00 ICT Indochina, most times and locations* 73 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) 74 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) 75 # 8:00 CST China 76 # 8:00 IDT Indochina, 1943-45, 1947-55, 1960-75 (some locations)* 77 # 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)* 78 # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830* 79 # 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937) 80 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) 81 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan 82 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09 83 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time 84 # 85 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 86 87 # From Guy Harris: 88 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 89 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 90 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 91 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 92 93 ############################################################################### 94 95 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. 96 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 97 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 98 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 99 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 100 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 101 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 102 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 103 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 104 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 105 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 106 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2011 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 107 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2011 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 108 109 # Afghanistan 110 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 111 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 112 4:00 - AFT 1945 113 4:30 - AFT 114 115 # Armenia 116 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 117 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 118 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 119 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 120 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 121 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 122 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 123 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 124 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 125 126 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 127 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 128 # follow Russia's "old" rules. 129 130 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 131 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 132 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 133 # 134 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 135 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 136 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 137 # or 138 # (brief) 139 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 140 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 141 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 142 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 143 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 144 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 145 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 146 4:00 - AMT 1997 147 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Feb 9 148 4:00 - AMT 149 150 # Azerbaijan 151 152 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 153 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 154 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17). 155 # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf 156 157 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17): 158 # ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to 159 # daylight saving time.... 160 # http://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html 161 # http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html 162 # http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html 163 164 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 165 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 166 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 167 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 168 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 169 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 170 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 171 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 172 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 173 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan Time 174 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 175 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 176 177 # Bahrain 178 # See Asia/Qatar. 179 180 # Bangladesh 181 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 182 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 183 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 184 # 185 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 186 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 187 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 188 # 189 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 190 # June 191 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 192 # crippling power crisis. " 193 # 194 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 195 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 196 197 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 198 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 199 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 200 # 201 # Some sources: 202 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 203 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 204 # 205 # Our wrap-up: 206 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 207 208 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 209 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 210 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 211 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 212 # 213 # No DST end date has been announced yet. 214 215 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 216 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 217 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 218 # 219 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 220 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 221 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 222 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 223 224 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 225 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 226 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 227 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 228 # "continue for an indefinite period." 229 # 230 # One of many places where it is published: 231 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 232 233 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 234 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 235 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 236 # 237 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 238 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 239 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 240 # 241 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 242 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 243 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 244 # Minister's Office last night..." 245 246 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 247 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 248 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 249 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 250 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 251 252 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 253 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S 254 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 - 255 256 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 257 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 258 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 259 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 260 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 261 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 262 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 263 6:00 - BDT 2009 264 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT 265 266 # Bhutan 267 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 268 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 269 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 270 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 271 272 # British Indian Ocean Territory 273 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 274 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 275 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 276 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 277 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 278 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 279 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 280 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 281 6:00 - IOT 282 283 # Brunei 284 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 285 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 286 7:30 - BNT 1933 287 8:00 - BNT 288 289 # Burma / Myanmar 290 291 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 292 293 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 294 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 295 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 296 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 297 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 298 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 299 300 # Cambodia 301 # See Asia/Bangkok. 302 303 304 # China 305 306 # From Guy Harris: 307 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 308 309 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 310 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 311 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 312 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 313 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of 314 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 315 # 316 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 317 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for 318 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 319 # 320 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 321 # 1987 mid-April - ?? 322 323 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 324 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 325 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 326 327 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 328 # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 329 # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began 330 # observing daylight saving time in 1986. 331 332 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 333 # Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but 334 # this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer 335 # DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so 336 # go with them for DST rules as follows: 337 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 338 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 339 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 340 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 341 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 342 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 343 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 344 345 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 346 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 347 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 348 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 349 # 350 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 351 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 352 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 353 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 354 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 355 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 356 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 357 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 358 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 359 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 360 361 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 362 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: 363 # 364 # (1) 365 # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 366 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC 367 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology 368 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003) 369 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was 370 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the 371 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not 372 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar 373 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued 374 # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the 375 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it 376 # could well have ignored any such mandate. 377 # 378 # (2) 379 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 380 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China 381 # [undated and unknown publication location] 382 # It says several things: 383 # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. 384 # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective 385 # the official calendar book of 1914. 386 # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in 387 # French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) 388 # Observatory and set to local mean time. 389 # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. 390 # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) 391 # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it 392 # became used by railways as well. 393 # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into 394 # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on 395 # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. 396 # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice 397 # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in 398 # Japanese-occupied territory. 399 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. 400 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into 401 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear 402 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. 403 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. 404 # 405 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the 406 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is 407 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour 408 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the 409 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8. 410 # 411 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but 412 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. 413 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and 414 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. 415 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice 416 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: 417 # 418 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5 419 # Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai) 420 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 421 # 422 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8 423 # Asia/Shanghai 424 # most of China 425 # This currently represents most other zones as well, 426 # as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970. 427 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest. 428 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century". 429 # 430 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7 431 # Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai) 432 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 433 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 434 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 435 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 436 # 437 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6 438 # Asia/Urumqi 439 # This currently represents Kunlun Time as well, 440 # as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970. 441 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 442 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 443 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 444 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 445 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 446 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 447 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 448 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 449 # 450 # Kunlun Time UT+5.5 451 # Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi) 452 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 453 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 454 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 455 # and Yarkand. 456 457 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 458 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 459 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 460 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 461 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 462 # they implicitly use Beijing time. 463 # 464 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 465 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 466 # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang 467 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 468 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in 469 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 470 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 471 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 472 # 473 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 474 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 475 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 476 # 477 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 478 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 479 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 480 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 481 # others moving their clocks ahead.) 482 483 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 484 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 485 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 486 # 487 # 1. Wulumuqi... 488 # 2. Kashi... 489 # 3. Urumqi... 490 # 4. Kashgar... 491 # ... 492 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 493 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 494 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 495 # 496 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 497 # start date for Xinjiang time. 498 # 499 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 500 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 501 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 502 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 503 504 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): 505 # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986: 506 # http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html 507 508 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): 509 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from 510 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's 511 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David 512 # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially 513 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least 514 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time; 515 # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers 516 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some 517 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only 518 # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as 519 # having the same time as Beijing. 520 521 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 522 # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but 523 # this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun, 524 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN 525 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. 526 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. 527 # 528 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see 529 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" 530 # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). 531 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. 532 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, 533 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan 534 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of 535 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 536 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 537 # XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 538 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 539 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of UT+8 before 540 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and 541 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 542 # UT+8 mandate back then. 543 544 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 545 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 546 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 547 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 548 8:00 PRC C%sT 549 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi 550 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 551 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 552 6:00 - XJT 553 554 555 # Hong Kong (Xianggang) 556 557 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 558 559 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 560 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 561 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 562 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 563 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 564 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 565 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 566 # obtained from 567 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 568 569 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 570 # Here are the dates given at 571 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 572 # as of 2009-10-28: 573 # Year Period 574 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 575 # 1942 Whole year 576 # 1943 Whole year 577 # 1944 Whole year 578 # 1945 Whole year 579 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 580 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 581 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 582 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 583 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 584 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 585 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 586 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 587 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 588 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 589 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 590 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 591 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 592 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 593 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 594 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 595 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 596 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 597 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 598 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 599 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 600 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 601 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 602 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 603 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 604 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 605 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 606 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 607 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 608 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 609 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 610 # 1977 Nil 611 # 1978 Nil 612 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 613 # 1980 to Now Nil 614 # The page does not give start or end times of day. 615 # The page does not give a start date for 1942. 616 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 617 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 618 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 619 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 620 621 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 622 Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 623 Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 624 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 625 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 626 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 627 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 628 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 629 Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 630 Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 631 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 632 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 633 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 634 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 635 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 636 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 637 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 638 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 639 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 640 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 641 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 642 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 643 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 644 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 645 8:00 HK HK%sT 646 647 ############################################################################### 648 649 # Taiwan 650 651 # From smallufo (2010-04-03): 652 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], 653 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 654 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 655 656 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 657 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of 658 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that 659 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands 660 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on 661 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be 662 # found on Wikisource: 663 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 664 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because 665 # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone 666 # declared officially. 667 # 668 # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa 669 # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of 670 # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard 671 # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in 672 # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan 673 # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time 674 # (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can 675 # be found on Wikisource: 676 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 677 # 678 # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937. 679 680 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 681 # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9 682 # back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document 683 # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time 684 # zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another 685 # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a 686 # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two 687 # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And 688 # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" 689 # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact 690 # that: 691 # 692 # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using 693 # the time at 135E (GMT+9) 694 # 695 # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan 696 # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, 697 # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called 698 # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. 699 # 700 # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the 701 # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard 702 # Time. 703 # 704 # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: 705 # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 706 # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: 707 # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm 708 # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: 709 # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf 710 711 # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): 712 # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to 713 # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General 714 # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... 715 # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local 716 # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on 717 # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more 718 # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the 719 # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this 720 # would be a good one. 721 # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: 722 # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener 723 724 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 725 # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from 726 # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. 727 # 728 # Original Bulletin: 729 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF 730 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.) 731 # 732 # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that 733 # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: 734 # 735 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431 736 # 737 # Here is a brief translation: 738 # 739 # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 740 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time 741 # adoption till Oct 31 midnight. 742 # 743 # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can 744 # be found from historical government announcement database. 745 746 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): 747 # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01 748 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. 749 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. 750 751 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 752 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 753 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 754 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 755 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 756 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 757 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 758 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 759 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 760 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 761 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 762 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 763 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 764 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 765 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D 766 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 767 768 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 769 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei 770 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 771 8:00 - JWST 1937 Oct 1 772 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00 773 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 774 775 # Macau (Macao, Aomen) 776 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 777 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 778 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 779 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 780 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 781 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 782 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 783 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 784 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 785 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 786 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 787 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 788 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 789 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 790 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 791 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 792 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 793 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 794 8:00 PRC C%sT 795 796 797 ############################################################################### 798 799 # Cyprus 800 # 801 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 802 # 803 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 804 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 805 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 806 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 807 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 808 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 809 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 810 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 811 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 812 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 813 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 814 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 815 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 816 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 817 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 818 819 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 820 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 821 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 822 823 # Georgia 824 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 825 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 826 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 827 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 828 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 829 # 830 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 831 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 832 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 833 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 834 # 835 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 836 # 837 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 838 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 839 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 840 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 841 # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 842 # of integration into Europe. 843 844 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 845 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 846 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 847 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 848 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 849 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 850 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 851 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 852 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 853 854 # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7. 855 # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11. 856 # Go with Byalokoz. 857 858 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 859 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880 860 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 861 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 862 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 863 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 864 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 865 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 866 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 867 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 868 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 869 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 870 4:00 - GET 871 872 # East Timor 873 874 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 875 876 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 877 # East Timor may be late for its millennium 878 # <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): 879 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 880 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 881 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 882 # conflicts with their way of life. 883 884 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 885 # We don't have any record of the above attempt. 886 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 887 888 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 889 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html 890 # (2000-08-16): 891 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 892 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 893 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 894 # midnight on Saturday, September 16. 895 896 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 897 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 898 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 899 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 900 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 901 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 0:00 902 9:00 - TLT 903 904 # India 905 906 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic 907 # http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/ 908 # (2015-12-22): 909 # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the 910 # outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of 911 # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this 912 # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century. 913 914 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 915 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 916 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 917 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 918 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 919 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 920 5:30 - IST 921 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 922 # Andaman Is 923 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 924 # Nicobar Is 925 926 # Indonesia 927 # 928 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): 929 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia 930 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta. 931 # 932 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 933 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime 934 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 935 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 936 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 937 # 938 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 939 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 940 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 941 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 942 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 943 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 944 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 945 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions 946 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 947 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 948 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 949 # switched on 1945-09-23. 950 # 951 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 952 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in 953 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even 954 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language 955 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the 956 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, 957 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). 958 # The abbreviations are: 959 # 960 # WIB - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) 961 # WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) 962 # WIT - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) 963 # 964 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 965 # Java, Sumatra 966 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 967 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 968 # but this must be a typo. 969 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia 970 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 971 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23 972 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 973 7:30 - WIB 1948 May 974 8:00 - WIB 1950 May 975 7:30 - WIB 1964 976 7:00 - WIB 977 # west and central Borneo 978 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 979 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 980 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29 981 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 982 7:30 - WIB 1948 May 983 8:00 - WIB 1950 May 984 7:30 - WIB 1964 985 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 986 7:00 - WIB 987 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo 988 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 989 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 990 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9 991 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 992 8:00 - WITA 993 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua 994 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 995 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1 996 9:30 - ACST 1964 997 9:00 - WIT 998 999 # Iran 1000 1001 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 1002 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 1003 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 1004 # 1005 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 1006 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 1007 # 1008 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 1009 # 1010 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 1011 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 1012 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 1013 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 1014 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 1015 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 1016 # 1017 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 1018 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 1019 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 1020 # Shahrivar. 1021 # 1022 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 1023 # 1024 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 1025 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 1026 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 1027 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 1028 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 1029 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 1030 # 1031 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 1032 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 1033 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 1034 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 1035 # plan to change that law.... 1036 # 1037 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1038 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 1039 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 1040 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 1041 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 1042 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 1043 # 1044 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 1045 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 1046 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 1047 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 1048 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 1049 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 1050 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 1051 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 1052 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 1053 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 1054 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 1055 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 1056 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 1057 # 1058 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 1059 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 1060 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 1061 # 1062 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen: 1063 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 1064 # daylight saving time ... 1065 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 1066 # 1067 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 1068 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 1069 # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 1070 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 1071 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 1072 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 1073 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 1074 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 1075 # 1076 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1077 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1078 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 1079 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 1080 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 1081 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 1082 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1083 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1084 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1085 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1086 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1087 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1088 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1089 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1090 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1091 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1092 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1093 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1094 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1095 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1096 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1097 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1098 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1099 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1100 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1101 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1102 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1103 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1104 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1105 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1106 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1107 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1108 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1109 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1110 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1111 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1112 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1113 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1114 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1115 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1116 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1117 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1118 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1119 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1120 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1121 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1122 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1123 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1124 # 1125 # The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038. 1126 # These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the 1127 # restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format. 1128 # At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite 1129 # possibly Iran will change the rules first. 1130 Rule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1131 Rule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1132 1133 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1134 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 1135 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 1136 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 1137 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 1138 3:30 Iran IR%sT 1139 1140 1141 # Iraq 1142 # 1143 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 1144 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 1145 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 1146 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 1147 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 1148 # 1149 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 1150 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 1151 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 1152 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 1153 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 1154 # 1155 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 1156 1157 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 1158 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 1159 # news sources (in Arabic): 1160 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 1161 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 1162 # 1163 # We have published a short article in English about the change: 1164 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 1165 1166 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1167 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1168 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 1169 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1170 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1171 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 1172 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 1173 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. 1174 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 1175 # 1176 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 1177 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 1178 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1179 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 1180 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 1181 3:00 - AST 1982 May 1182 3:00 Iraq A%sT 1183 1184 1185 ############################################################################### 1186 1187 # Israel 1188 1189 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 1190 # 1191 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 1192 # different abbreviations in use: 1193 # 1194 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 1195 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 1196 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 1197 # 1198 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 1199 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 1200 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 1201 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 1202 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1203 # settings in Israeli computers. 1204 # 1205 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1206 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1207 # family is from India). 1208 1209 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 1210 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1211 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1212 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1213 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1214 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1215 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1216 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1217 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 1218 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1219 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 1220 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 1221 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1222 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1223 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1224 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1225 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1226 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1227 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1228 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1229 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1230 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1231 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1232 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1233 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1234 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1235 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1236 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1237 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1238 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1239 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1240 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1241 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1242 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1243 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1244 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1245 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1246 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1247 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1248 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1249 1250 # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): 1251 # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the 1252 # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath 1253 # ends and changes to Sunday. 1254 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D 1255 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S 1256 1257 # From Ephraim Silverberg 1258 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1259 # and 2005-02-17): 1260 1261 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1262 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1263 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1264 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1265 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1266 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1267 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1268 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1269 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1270 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1271 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1272 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1273 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1274 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1275 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1276 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1277 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1278 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1279 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1280 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1281 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1282 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1283 1284 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1285 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1286 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1287 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1288 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1289 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1290 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1291 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1292 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1293 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1294 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1295 1296 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1297 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1298 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1299 1300 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1301 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1302 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1303 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1304 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1305 1306 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1307 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1308 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1309 # 1310 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1311 # 1312 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1313 # 1314 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1315 # 1316 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1317 # 1318 # where YYYY is the relevant year. 1319 1320 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1321 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1322 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1323 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1324 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1325 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1326 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1327 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1328 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1329 1330 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1331 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1332 # years 2001-2004 as well. 1333 # 1334 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1335 # 1336 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1337 # 1338 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1339 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1340 # 1341 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1342 1343 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1344 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1345 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1346 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1347 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1348 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1349 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1350 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1351 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1352 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1353 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1354 1355 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1356 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1357 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1358 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1359 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1360 # 1361 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1362 # 1363 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1364 1365 # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26): 1366 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1367 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1368 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1369 # to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012. 1370 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1371 # The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule: 1372 # 1373 # Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1374 # 1375 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1376 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1377 # springtime transitions explicitly. 1378 1379 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1380 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1381 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1382 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1383 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1384 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1385 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1386 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1387 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1388 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1389 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1390 Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1391 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1392 1393 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27): 1394 # On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the 1395 # Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading 1396 # in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third 1397 # (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013. 1398 # 1399 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday 1400 # in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. 1401 1402 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1403 Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 1404 Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1405 1406 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1407 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 1408 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1409 2:00 Zion I%sT 1410 1411 1412 1413 ############################################################################### 1414 1415 # Japan 1416 1417 # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 1418 1419 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1420 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1421 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 1422 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 1423 1424 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: 1425 # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm 1426 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1427 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1428 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1429 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1430 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1431 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1432 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1433 # wanted to keep it.) 1434 1435 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1436 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 1437 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1438 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1439 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1440 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1441 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1442 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1443 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1444 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1445 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 1446 1447 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1448 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1449 # Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 1450 # 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N. 1451 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1452 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1453 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1454 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1455 1456 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1457 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1458 # which stands for the time on 135 degrees E. 1459 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1460 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1461 # time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard 1462 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1463 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1464 # standard.... 1465 # 1466 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1467 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1468 1469 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 1470 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 1471 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 1472 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 1473 # 1474 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 1475 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 1476 # Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 1477 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 1478 1479 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1480 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1481 9:00 - JST 1896 Jan 1 1482 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1483 9:00 Japan J%sT 1484 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1485 1486 # Jordan 1487 # 1488 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 1489 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1490 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1491 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1492 # all year round. 1493 # 1494 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 1495 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1496 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1497 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1498 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1499 # government's departments from six to seven hours. 1500 # 1501 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1502 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1503 # 1504 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1505 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1506 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1507 # 1508 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1509 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1510 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1511 # 1512 1513 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1514 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1515 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1516 # 1517 # Google's translation: 1518 # 1519 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1520 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1521 # > of the month of March of each year. 1522 # 1523 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1524 1525 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1526 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1527 1528 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): 1529 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not 1530 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST 1531 # until about the same time next year (at least). 1532 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 1533 1534 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): 1535 # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to 1536 # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: 1537 # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime 1538 # Official, in Arabic: 1539 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 1540 # ... Our background/permalink about it 1541 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html 1542 # ... 1543 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P 1544 # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future 1545 # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). 1546 1547 # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): 1548 # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. 1549 1550 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1551 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1552 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1553 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1554 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1555 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1556 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1557 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1558 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1559 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1560 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1561 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1562 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1563 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1564 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1565 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1566 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1567 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1568 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1569 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1570 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1571 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1572 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1573 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1574 Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1575 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1576 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1577 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1578 Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1579 Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - 1580 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1581 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1582 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1583 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1584 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1585 1586 1587 # Kazakhstan 1588 1589 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11 1590 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21): 1591 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1592 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1593 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1594 # 1595 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1596 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1597 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1598 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1599 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1600 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1601 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1602 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1603 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1604 1605 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27) ([*] means see later comments below): 1606 # Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/ 1607 # produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan: 1608 # 1609 # 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR 1610 # from 1991-02-04 No. 20 1611 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545 1612 # removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR 1613 # starting with the last Sunday of March 1991. 1614 # It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR, 1615 # Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time. 1616 # 1617 # The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers 1618 # of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet 1619 # of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its 1620 # text. 1621 # 1622 # According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20 1623 # (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via 1624 # http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during 1625 # transition to "summer" time: 1626 # Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova, 1627 # Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug 1628 # were to move clocks 1 hour forward. 1629 # Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik 1630 # SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts 1631 # of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards. 1632 # Other territories were to not move clocks. 1633 # When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be 1634 # moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding 1635 # Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan. 1636 # 1637 # Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170 1638 # was one of such changes. 1639 # 1640 # https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время 1641 # claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that 1642 # Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast) 1643 # were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks 1644 # forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards. 1645 # (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an 1646 # article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not 1647 # move clocks.) 1648 # 1649 # This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while 1650 # the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06 1651 # to +04/+05. It's unclear how Kzyl-Orda oblast moved into the fifth 1652 # time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ... 1653 # 1654 # 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1655 # from 1992-01-13 No. 28 1656 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_ 1657 # (text includes modification from the 1996 act) 1658 # introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian 1659 # 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated 1660 # according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks 1661 # on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at 1662 # 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was 1663 # located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the 1664 # border between them to be located east of Kustanay and Aktyubinsk 1665 # oblasts (notably including Turgai and Kzyl-Orda oblasts into the fifth 1666 # time belt). 1667 # 1668 # This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for 1669 # Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyrau and Kustanay oblasts; from 1670 # +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk) [*].... 1671 # 1672 # 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1673 # from 1992-03-27 No. 284 1674 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_ 1675 # cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Kzyl-Orda oblasts 1676 # since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth 1677 # and the fifth time belts respectively. 1678 # 1679 # 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1680 # from 1994-09-23 No. 384 1681 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_ 1682 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangystau 1683 # oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on 1684 # the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a 1685 # result).... 1686 # 1687 # 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1688 # from 1996-05-08 No. 575 1689 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_ 1690 # amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead 1691 # of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act. 1692 # 1693 # 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1694 # from 1999-03-26 No. 305 1695 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_ 1696 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyrau oblast since the 1697 # last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth 1698 # time belt. 1699 # 1700 # This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05. 1701 # 1702 # There is no zone for Atyrau currently (listed under Asia/Aqtau in 1703 # zone1970.tab).[*] 1704 # 1705 # 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1706 # from 2000-11-23 No. 1749 1707 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000 1708 # replaces the previous five documents. 1709 # 1710 # The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the 1711 # fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling 1712 # and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997 1713 # probably changed time in territories incorporated into Kostanay oblast 1714 # (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Kyzylorda oblast 1715 # from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the 1716 # fourth time belt (no change in practice).[*] 1717 # 1718 # 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1719 # from 2003-12-29 No. 1342 1720 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_ 1721 # modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently. 1722 # 1723 # 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1724 # from 2004-07-20 No. 775 1725 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004 1726 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Kostanay and Kyzylorda oblasts into 1727 # the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not 1728 # using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time 1729 # zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented 1730 # during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically 1731 # amended before implementation happened. 1732 # 1733 # 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1734 # from 2004-09-15 No. 1059 1735 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_ 1736 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time" 1737 # (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the 1738 # 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyrau, West Kazakhstan, 1739 # Kostanay, Kyzylorda and Mangystau oblasts by not moving clocks 1740 # during the 2014 transition to "winter" time. 1741 # 1742 # This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyrau oblast (no 1743 # zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to 1744 # +06/+07 for Kostanay oblast (Kostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently) 1745 # and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....[*] 1746 # 1747 # 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1748 # from 2005-03-15 No. 231 1749 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_ 1750 # removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the 1751 # (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15 1752 # acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication. 1753 # The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer 1754 # time. 1755 # 1756 # Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation 1757 # No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details]. 1758 # Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27 1759 # act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992. 1760 1761 # From Paul Eggert (2016-04-15): 1762 # The tables below should reflect Stepan Golosunov's remarks above, 1763 # except for the items marked "[*]" which I haven't gotten to yet. 1764 # It looks like we will need new zones Asia/Atyrau and Asia/Qostanay 1765 # to handle changes from 1992 through 2004 that we did not previously 1766 # know about. 1767 1768 # 1769 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1770 # 1771 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1772 # This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA, 1773 # KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ. 1774 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1775 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 1776 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1777 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1778 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1779 6:00 - +06 1780 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY) 1781 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1782 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1783 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1784 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1785 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1786 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1787 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1788 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1789 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 1790 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1791 6:00 - +06 1792 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT) 1793 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1794 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1795 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1796 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1797 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1798 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1799 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1800 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1801 5:00 - +05 1802 # Qostanay (KZ-KUS) 1803 1804 # Mangghystau (KZ-MAN) 1805 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1806 # so include time stamps before 1963. 1807 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1808 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1809 5:00 - +05 1963 1810 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 1811 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1812 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1813 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1814 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s 1815 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1816 5:00 - +05 1817 1818 # West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP) 1819 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1820 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 1821 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1822 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1823 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1824 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1825 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1826 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1827 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1828 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 1829 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1830 5:00 - +05 1831 1832 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1833 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1834 1835 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1836 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1837 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml 1838 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1839 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1840 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1841 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1842 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1843 1844 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1845 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1846 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1847 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1848 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1849 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1850 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1851 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1852 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1853 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1854 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1855 6:00 - KGT 1856 1857 ############################################################################### 1858 1859 # Korea (North and South) 1860 1861 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10): 1862 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012 1863 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it 1864 # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced 1865 # between 1987 and 1988 ... 1866 1867 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29): 1868 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html 1869 # According to the Korean Wikipedia 1870 # http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시 1871 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC] 1872 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old 1873 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia. 1874 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST 1875 # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in 1876 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year. 1877 1878 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1879 Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1880 Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1881 Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D 1882 Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1883 Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1884 Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D 1885 Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D 1886 Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S 1887 Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D 1888 Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 1889 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D 1890 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S 1891 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1892 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S 1893 1894 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-30): 1895 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets: 1896 # 1897 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (Edict No. 5) 1898 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367 1899 # (Announcement No. 338) 1900 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17) 1901 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07) 1902 # 1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31) 1903 # 1904 # The Wikipedia entry also has confusing information about a change 1905 # to UT+9 in April 1910, but then what would be the point of the later change 1906 # to UT+9 on 1912-01-01? Omit the 1910 change for now. 1907 # 1908 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same 1909 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST 1910 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. 1911 # 1912 # For Pyongyang we have no information; guess no changes since World War II. 1913 1914 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07): 1915 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to 1916 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example: 1917 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049 1918 # 1919 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15): 1920 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See: 1921 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time' 1922 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html 1923 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone. 1924 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK. 1925 1926 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1927 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 1928 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 1929 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1930 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 1931 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1932 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1933 9:00 ROK K%sT 1934 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 1935 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 1936 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1937 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 1938 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00 1939 8:30 - KST 1940 1941 ############################################################################### 1942 1943 # Kuwait 1944 # See Asia/Riyadh. 1945 1946 # Laos 1947 # See Asia/Bangkok. 1948 1949 1950 # Lebanon 1951 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1952 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1953 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1954 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1955 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1956 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1957 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1958 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1959 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1960 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1961 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1962 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1963 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1964 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1965 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1966 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1967 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1968 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1969 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1970 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1971 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1972 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1973 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1974 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1975 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1976 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1977 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1978 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1979 1980 # Malaysia 1981 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1982 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1983 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1984 # 1985 # peninsular Malaysia 1986 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1987 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 1988 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1989 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1990 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1991 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1992 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1993 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1994 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1995 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1996 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1997 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1998 # Sabah & Sarawak 1999 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): 2000 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 2001 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 2002 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2003 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 2004 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 2005 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 2006 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 2007 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 2008 8:00 - MYT 2009 2010 # Maldives 2011 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2012 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 2013 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 2014 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 2015 2016 # Mongolia 2017 2018 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 2019 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World 2020 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one. 2021 2022 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 2023 # General Information Mongolia 2024 # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09) 2025 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 2026 # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 2027 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 2028 # eight hours." 2029 2030 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 2031 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 2032 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 2033 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 2034 # of implementation may have been different.... 2035 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 2036 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 2037 # Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii. 2038 2039 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 2040 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 2041 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 2042 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 2043 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 2044 # is good enough for our purposes. 2045 2046 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 2047 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 2048 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 2049 # there are three time zones. 2050 # 2051 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 2052 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv, 2053 # Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi 2054 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar 2055 # 2056 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 2057 2058 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 2059 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 2060 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 2061 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 2062 # 2063 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 2064 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 2065 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 2066 2067 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 2068 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 2069 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 2070 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 2071 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that 2072 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 2073 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 2074 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 2075 # He also found 2076 # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& 2077 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 2078 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 2079 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 2080 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 2081 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 2082 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 2083 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 2084 2085 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 2086 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 2087 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 2088 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 2089 2090 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 2091 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 2092 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 2093 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 2094 # database on this, e.g.: 2095 # 2096 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 2097 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 2098 # 2099 # both say GMT+08:00. 2100 2101 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 2102 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 2103 # schedule here: 2104 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 2105 # (click the English flag for English) 2106 # 2107 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive 2108 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 2109 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern 2110 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are 2111 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 2112 # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 2113 2114 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2115 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 2116 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 2117 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 2118 # this is almost surely wrong. 2119 2120 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10): 2121 # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use 2122 # daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of 2123 # March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of 2124 # September daylight saving time ends. Source: 2125 # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969 2126 2127 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2128 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2129 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2130 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 2131 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 2132 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 2133 # 2134 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 2135 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place 2136 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 2137 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 2138 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 2139 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 2140 2141 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 2142 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2143 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 2144 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 2145 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 2146 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 2147 Rule Mongol 2015 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 2148 Rule Mongol 2015 max - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 - 2149 2150 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2151 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 2152 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 2153 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 2154 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 2155 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 2156 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 2157 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 2158 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 2159 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 2160 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 2161 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 2162 7:00 - ULAT 1978 2163 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 2164 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time 2165 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2166 2167 # Nepal 2168 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2169 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 2170 5:30 - IST 1986 2171 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 2172 2173 # Oman 2174 # See Asia/Dubai. 2175 2176 # Pakistan 2177 2178 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 2179 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 2180 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 2181 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 2182 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 2183 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 2184 2185 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 2186 # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL: 2187 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 2188 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 2189 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 2190 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 2191 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 2192 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 2193 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 2194 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 2195 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 2196 2197 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 2198 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 2199 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 2200 2201 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 2202 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 2203 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 2204 # 2205 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 2206 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 2207 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 2208 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 2209 # 2210 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 2211 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 2212 2213 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 2214 # 2215 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 2216 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 2217 # 2218 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to 2219 # help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 2220 # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...." 2221 # 2222 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 2223 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 2224 2225 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2226 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 2227 2228 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2229 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 2230 # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 2231 # instead of August 31. 2232 # 2233 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 2234 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 2235 2236 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 2237 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 2238 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 2239 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 2240 # official working." 2241 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 2242 # 2243 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 2244 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009 2245 # 2246 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 2247 # April 08, 2009 2248 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 2249 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 2250 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 2251 # 2252 # .... 2253 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 2254 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 2255 # conserve energy" 2256 2257 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 2258 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 2259 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 2260 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 2261 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 2262 # this regard." 2263 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 2264 2265 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 2266 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 2267 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from 2268 # October 1, 2009. 2269 # 2270 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 2271 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 2272 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 2273 # 2274 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 2275 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 2276 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 2277 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 2278 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 2279 # Monday." 2280 # 2281 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 2282 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 2283 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 2284 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 2285 # 2286 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 2287 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 2288 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 2289 2290 # From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01): 2291 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 2292 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 2293 2294 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 2295 # Steffen Thorsen wrote: 2296 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 2297 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 2298 # > 2299 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 2300 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 2301 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 2302 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 2303 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 2304 # 2305 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 2306 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 2307 # 2308 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 2309 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 2310 2311 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2312 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 2313 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2314 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2315 Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2316 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 2317 2318 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2319 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 2320 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 2321 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 2322 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 2323 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 2324 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 2325 2326 # Palestine 2327 2328 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 2329 # 2330 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 2331 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 2332 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 2333 # 2334 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 2335 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 2336 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 2337 # though. 2338 # 2339 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 2340 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 2341 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 2342 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 2343 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 2344 # East Jerusalem. 2345 # 2346 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 2347 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 2348 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 2349 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 2350 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 2351 # 2352 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 2353 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 2354 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 2355 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 2356 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 2357 # Jordanian one). 2358 # 2359 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 2360 # 2361 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 2362 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 2363 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 2364 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 2365 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 2366 # 2367 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 2368 # have one). 2369 2370 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2371 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 2372 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 2373 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 2374 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 2375 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 2376 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 2377 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 2378 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2379 # to Palestine's rules. 2380 2381 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 2382 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 2383 # 2384 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 2385 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 2386 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 2387 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 2388 2389 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2390 # Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc 2391 # http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html 2392 # (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 2393 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 2394 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 2395 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 2396 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 2397 2398 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2399 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2400 2401 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2402 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2403 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2404 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2405 # earlier - the same goes for Jordan. 2406 2407 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2408 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2409 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2410 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2411 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2412 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2413 # the West Bank. 2414 2415 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2416 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2417 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2418 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2419 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2420 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2421 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2422 # because of the Ramadan. 2423 2424 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2425 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2426 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2427 2428 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2429 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2430 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2431 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2432 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2433 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2434 2435 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2436 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2437 # 2438 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2439 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2440 # 2441 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2442 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2443 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2444 2445 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2446 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2447 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2448 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2449 # 2450 # (in Arabic) 2451 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2452 # 2453 # (English translation) 2454 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2455 2456 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2457 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2458 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2459 # 2460 # One news source: 2461 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2462 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2463 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2464 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2465 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2466 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2467 # 2468 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2469 # end date, we will keep this page updated: 2470 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2471 2472 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2473 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2474 # 2475 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2476 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2477 # 2478 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2479 # (from Palestinian National Authority): 2480 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2481 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2482 2483 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2484 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2485 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2486 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2487 # 2488 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2489 # (in Arabic) 2490 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2491 2492 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2493 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2494 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2495 # noon though: 2496 # 2497 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2498 # (Ma'an News Agency) 2499 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2500 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2501 2502 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 2503 # According to several sources, including 2504 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 2505 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 2506 # Gaza and the West Bank. 2507 # Some more background info: 2508 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 2509 2510 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 2511 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 2512 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 2513 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 2514 # Ramadan. 2515 # 2516 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 2517 # Additional info: 2518 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 2519 2520 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 2521 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 2522 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 2523 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 2524 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 2525 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 2526 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 2527 # ... 2528 # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 2529 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 2530 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. 2531 2532 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 2533 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 2534 # 00:00). 2535 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 2536 # 2537 # Many sources, including: 2538 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 2539 2540 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2541 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 2542 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 2543 # Some of many sources in Arabic: 2544 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 2545 # 2546 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 2547 # 2548 # Our brief summary: 2549 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 2550 2551 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): 2552 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving 2553 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). 2554 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] 2555 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 2556 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html 2557 2558 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): 2559 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight 2560 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). 2561 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect 2562 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": 2563 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 2564 # official source...: 2565 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 2566 2567 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03): 2568 # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257 2569 # and http://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will 2570 # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected. 2571 # 2572 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03): 2573 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014 2574 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00. 2575 # For future dates, guess the last Friday in March at 24:00 through 2576 # the first Friday on or after October 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with 2577 # the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs: 2578 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza 2579 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron 2580 2581 # From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09): 2582 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728 2583 # [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight 2584 # saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning, 2585 # 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead." 2586 # 2587 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-12): 2588 # Predict spring transitions on March's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on. 2589 # Leave fall predictions alone for now. 2590 2591 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2592 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2593 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2594 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2595 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2596 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2597 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2598 2599 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2600 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2601 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2602 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2603 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2604 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2605 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2606 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2607 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2608 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - 2609 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2610 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 2611 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S 2612 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2613 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S 2614 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2615 Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2616 Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - 2617 Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2618 Rule Palestine 2014 max - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2619 Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S 2620 Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar lastSat 1:00 1:00 S 2621 2622 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2623 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2624 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2625 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2626 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2627 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2628 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 2629 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 2630 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 2631 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 2632 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 2633 2:00 - EET 2012 2634 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2635 2636 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 2637 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2638 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2639 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2640 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2641 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2642 2643 # Paracel Is 2644 # no information 2645 2646 # Philippines 2647 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the 2648 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2649 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's 2650 # History of the International Date Line 2651 # http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm 2652 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2653 2654 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2655 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2656 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2657 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2658 # but no details] 2659 2660 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14): 2661 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again 2662 # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed 2663 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details. 2664 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time. 2665 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05 2666 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time 2667 2668 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2669 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 2670 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 2671 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 2672 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 2673 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 2674 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2675 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2676 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 2677 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 2678 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 2679 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 2680 8:00 Phil PH%sT 2681 2682 # Qatar 2683 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2684 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 2685 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 2686 3:00 - AST 2687 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain 2688 2689 # Saudi Arabia 2690 # 2691 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 2692 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not 2693 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it 2694 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to 2695 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines 2696 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar 2697 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 2698 # o'clock for "Arab" time). 2699 # 2700 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best 2701 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics 2702 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated 2703 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and 2704 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the 2705 # earlier date. 2706 # 2707 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two 2708 # time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of 2709 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff. 2710 # 2711 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2712 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 2713 3:00 - AST 2714 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen 2715 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait 2716 2717 # Singapore 2718 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2719 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 2720 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2721 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2722 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2723 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 2724 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 2725 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 2726 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 2727 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 2728 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 2729 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 2730 8:00 - SGT 2731 2732 # Spratly Is 2733 # no information 2734 2735 # Sri Lanka 2736 2737 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 2738 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 2739 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 2740 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 2741 # Shanks and Pottenger. 2742 2743 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 2744 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2745 # (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24, 2746 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2747 # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2748 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." 2749 # 2750 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 2751 # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section 2752 # <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): 2753 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 2754 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 2755 2756 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2757 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2758 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2759 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2760 2761 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2762 # http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML 2763 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2764 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2765 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2766 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2767 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2768 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2769 2770 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25): 2771 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at 2772 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government 2773 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization 2774 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard. 2775 # 2776 # I recollect before the recent change the government announcements 2777 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka 2778 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation. 2779 # 2780 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News 2781 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they 2782 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news 2783 # item.... 2784 # 2785 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and 2786 # administrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the 2787 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well 2788 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are 2789 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk). 2790 # 2791 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation 2792 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for 2793 # all computers. 2794 2795 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2796 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down 2797 # and then see what people actually say in practice. 2798 2799 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2800 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 2801 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 2802 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 2803 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 2804 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 2805 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 2806 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2807 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2808 5:30 - IST 2809 2810 # Syria 2811 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2812 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 2813 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 2814 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 2815 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2816 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2817 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2818 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2819 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2820 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 2821 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2822 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2823 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 2824 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 2825 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2826 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 2827 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 2828 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 2829 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 2830 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 2831 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2832 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2833 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 2834 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2835 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2836 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2837 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 2838 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2839 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 2840 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 2841 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 2842 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2843 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2844 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2845 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 2846 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2847 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2848 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2849 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2850 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2851 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2852 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2853 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2854 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2855 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2856 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2857 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2858 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27): 2859 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2860 # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or 2861 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than 2862 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2863 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2864 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2865 # 2866 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2867 # Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote: 2868 # 2869 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2870 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2871 # 2872 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2873 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2874 # 2875 # which using Google's translate tools says: 2876 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2877 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2878 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2879 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2880 2881 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2882 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2883 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so.... 2884 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2885 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2886 # Variation 2887 # Syrian Arab 2888 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2889 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2890 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2891 2892 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2893 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2894 # Agency (SANA)... 2895 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2896 # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2897 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2898 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2899 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 2900 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 2901 2902 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2903 # My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 2904 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 2905 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 2906 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 2907 2908 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 2909 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 2910 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 2911 # 2912 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 2913 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 2914 # clocks back 60 minutes). 2915 # 2916 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 2917 2918 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 2919 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 2920 # two examples: 2921 # 2922 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 2923 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 2924 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 2925 # (Arabic, gov-site) 2926 # 2927 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 2928 # 2929 # Our summary 2930 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 2931 2932 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 2933 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 2934 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 2935 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 2936 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 2937 2938 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 2939 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 2940 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 2941 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 2942 2943 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 2944 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 2945 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 2946 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 2947 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 2948 2949 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2950 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 2951 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 2952 # 2953 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 2954 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 2955 # 2956 # Our brief summary: 2957 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 2958 2959 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 2960 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. 2961 2962 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2963 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2964 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2965 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2966 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2967 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 2968 2969 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2970 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 2971 2:00 Syria EE%sT 2972 2973 # Tajikistan 2974 # From Shanks & Pottenger. 2975 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2976 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2977 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 2978 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2979 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 2980 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 2981 2982 # Thailand 2983 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2984 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 2985 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 2986 7:00 - ICT 2987 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia 2988 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos 2989 2990 # Turkmenistan 2991 # From Shanks & Pottenger. 2992 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2993 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 2994 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 2995 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2996 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 2997 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 2998 5:00 - TMT 2999 3000 # United Arab Emirates 3001 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3002 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 3003 4:00 - GST 3004 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman 3005 3006 # Uzbekistan 3007 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53. 3008 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3009 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2 3010 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 3011 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 3012 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 3013 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time 3014 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 3015 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 3016 5:00 - UZT 3017 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest. 3018 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 3019 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 3020 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3021 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 3022 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 3023 5:00 - UZT 3024 3025 # Vietnam 3026 3027 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04): 3028 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 3029 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 3030 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 3031 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906. 3032 3033 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 3034 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh 3035 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 3036 3037 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân: 3038 # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)" 3039 # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50, 3040 # is quoted verbatim in: 3041 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01 3042 # is translated by Brian Inglis in: 3043 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html 3044 # and is the basis for the information below. 3045 # 3046 # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to 3047 # Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris. 3048 # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or 3049 # the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333... 3050 # and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30, 3051 # which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory 3052 # is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT. 3053 # 3054 # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954) 3055 # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954): 3056 # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01. 3057 # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00. 3058 # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00. 3059 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam. 3060 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina. 3061 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam. 3062 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam. 3063 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam. 3064 # 3065 # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above. 3066 # 3067 # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội, 3068 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982. 3069 # 3070 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)", 3071 # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000. 3072 # 3073 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu", 3074 # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995. 3075 3076 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3077 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 3078 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 3079 7:00 - ICT 1942 Dec 31 23:00 3080 8:00 - IDT 1945 Mar 14 23:00 3081 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2 3082 7:00 - ICT 1947 Apr 1 3083 8:00 - IDT 1955 Jul 1 3084 7:00 - ICT 1959 Dec 31 23:00 3085 8:00 - IDT 1975 Jun 13 3086 7:00 - ICT 3087 3088 # Yemen 3089 # See Asia/Riyadh.