122 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
123 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
124 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
125
126 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
127 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
128 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
129
130 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
131 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
132 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
133 #
134 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
135 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
136 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
137 # or
138 # (brief)
139 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
140 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
141 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
142 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
143 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
144 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
145 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
146 4:00 - AMT 1997
147 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Feb 9
148 4:00 - AMT
149
150 # Azerbaijan
151
152 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
153 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
154 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
155 # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
156
157 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
158 # ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
159 # daylight saving time....
160 # http://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
161 # http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
162 # http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
163
164 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
165 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
166 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
167 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
168 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
169 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
170 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
171 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
172 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
173 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan Time
174 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
175 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
176
177 # Bahrain
178 # See Asia/Qatar.
179
180 # Bangladesh
181 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
182 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
183 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
184 #
185 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
186 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
187 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
188 #
189 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
190 # June
191 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
192 # crippling power crisis. "
193 #
194 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
195 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
274 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
275 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
276 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
277 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
278 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
279 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
280 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
281 6:00 - IOT
282
283 # Brunei
284 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
285 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
286 7:30 - BNT 1933
287 8:00 - BNT
288
289 # Burma / Myanmar
290
291 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
292
293 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
294 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
295 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
296 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
297 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
298 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
299
300 # Cambodia
301 # See Asia/Bangkok.
302
303
304 # China
305
306 # From Guy Harris:
307 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
308
309 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
310 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
311 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
312 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
313 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
314 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
389 # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
390 # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
391 # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
392 # became used by railways as well.
393 # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
394 # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on
395 # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
396 # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice
397 # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
398 # Japanese-occupied territory.
399 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
400 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
401 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
402 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
403 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
404 #
405 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
406 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
407 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
408 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
409 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8.
410 #
411 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
412 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
413 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
414 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
415 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
416 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
417 #
418 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5
419 # Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
420 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
421 #
422 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8
423 # Asia/Shanghai
424 # most of China
425 # This currently represents most other zones as well,
426 # as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
427 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
428 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century".
429 #
430 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7
431 # Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
432 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
433 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
434 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
435 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
436 #
437 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6
438 # Asia/Urumqi
439 # This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
440 # as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
441 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
442 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
443 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
444 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
445 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
446 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
447 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
448 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
449 #
450 # Kunlun Time UT+5.5
451 # Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
452 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
453 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
454 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
455 # and Yarkand.
456
457 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
458 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
459 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
460 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
461 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
462 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
463 #
464 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
465 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
466 # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
467 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
468 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
469 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
470 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
471 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
472 #
473 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
474 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
475 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
476 #
477 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
478 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
479 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
480 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
481 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
482
483 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
484 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
485 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
486 #
502 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
503
504 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
505 # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
506 # http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
507
508 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
509 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
510 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
511 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
512 # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
513 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
514 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
515 # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
516 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
517 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
518 # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
519 # having the same time as Beijing.
520
521 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
522 # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but
523 # this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
524 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
525 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
526 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
527 #
528 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
529 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
530 # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
531 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
532 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
533 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
534 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
535 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
536 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
537 # XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
538 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
539 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of UT+8 before
540 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and
541 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
542 # UT+8 mandate back then.
543
544 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
545 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
546 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
547 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
548 8:00 PRC C%sT
549 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
550 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
551 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
552 6:00 - XJT
553
554
555 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
556
557 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
558
559 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
560 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
561 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
562 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
727 #
728 # Original Bulletin:
729 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
730 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
731 #
732 # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
733 # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
734 #
735 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
736 #
737 # Here is a brief translation:
738 #
739 # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
740 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
741 # adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
742 #
743 # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
744 # be found from historical government announcement database.
745
746 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
747 # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01
748 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
749 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
750
751 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
752 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
753 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
754 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
755 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
756 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
757 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
758 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
759 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
760 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
761 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
762 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
763 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
764 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
765 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
766 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
767
841 # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
842 # of integration into Europe.
843
844 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
845 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
846 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
847 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
848 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
849 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
850 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
851 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
852 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
853
854 # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
855 # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
856 # Go with Byalokoz.
857
858 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
859 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880
860 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
861 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
862 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
863 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
864 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
865 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
866 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
867 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
868 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
869 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
870 4:00 - GET
871
872 # East Timor
873
874 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
875
876 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
877 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
878 # <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
879 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
880 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
881 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
882 # conflicts with their way of life.
883
884 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
885 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
886 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
887
888 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
889 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
890 # (2000-08-16):
927 #
928 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
929 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
930 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
931 #
932 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
933 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
934 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
935 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
936 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
937 #
938 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
939 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
940 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
941 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
942 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
943 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
944 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
945 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
946 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
947 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
948 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
949 # switched on 1945-09-23.
950 #
951 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
952 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
953 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
954 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
955 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
956 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
957 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
958 # The abbreviations are:
959 #
960 # WIB - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
961 # WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
962 # WIT - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
963 #
964 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
965 # Java, Sumatra
966 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
967 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
968 # but this must be a typo.
969 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
970 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
971 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23
972 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
973 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
974 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
975 7:30 - WIB 1964
976 7:00 - WIB
977 # west and central Borneo
978 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
979 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
980 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29
981 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
982 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
1831
1832 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1833 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1834
1835 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1836 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1837 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
1838 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1839 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1840 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1841 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1842 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1843
1844 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1845 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1846 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1847 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1848 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1849 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1850 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1851 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1852 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1853 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1854 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1855 6:00 - KGT
1856
1857 ###############################################################################
1858
1859 # Korea (North and South)
1860
1861 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
1862 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
1863 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
1864 # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced
1865 # between 1987 and 1988 ...
1866
1867 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
1868 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
1869 # According to the Korean Wikipedia
1870 # http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
1871 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
1872 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old
1873 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
1874 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
1875 # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in
1876 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
1877
1878 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1879 Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1880 Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1881 Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
1882 Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1883 Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1884 Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
1885 Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
1886 Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
1887 Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
1888 Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
1889 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1890 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S
1891 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1892 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S
1893
1894 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-30):
1895 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
1896 #
1897 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (Edict No. 5)
1898 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
1899 # (Announcement No. 338)
1900 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
1901 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
1902 # 1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)
1903 #
1904 # The Wikipedia entry also has confusing information about a change
1905 # to UT+9 in April 1910, but then what would be the point of the later change
1906 # to UT+9 on 1912-01-01? Omit the 1910 change for now.
1907 #
1908 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
1909 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
1910 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
1911 #
1912 # For Pyongyang we have no information; guess no changes since World War II.
1913
1914 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
1915 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
1916 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
1917 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
1918 #
1919 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
1920 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
1921 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
1922 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
1923 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
1924 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
1925
1926 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1927 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1928 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1929 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1930 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
1931 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1932 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
2052 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
2053 # Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
2054 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
2055 #
2056 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
2057
2058 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
2059 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
2060 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
2061 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
2062 #
2063 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
2064 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
2065 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
2066
2067 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
2068 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
2069 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
2070 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
2071 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
2072 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
2073 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
2074 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
2075 # He also found
2076 # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
2077 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
2078 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
2079 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
2080 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
2081 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
2082 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
2083 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
2084
2085 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
2086 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
2087 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
2088 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
2089
2090 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
2091 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
2092 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
2688
2689 # Saudi Arabia
2690 #
2691 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
2692 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
2693 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
2694 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
2695 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
2696 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
2697 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
2698 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
2699 #
2700 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
2701 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
2702 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
2703 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
2704 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
2705 # earlier date.
2706 #
2707 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
2708 # time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of
2709 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
2710 #
2711 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2712 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
2713 3:00 - AST
2714 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
2715 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
2716
2717 # Singapore
2718 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2719 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2720 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2721 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2722 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2723 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2724 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2725 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2726 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2727 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2728 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2957 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
2958
2959 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
2960 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
2961
2962 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2963 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2964 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2965 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2966 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2967 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2968
2969 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2970 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2971 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2972
2973 # Tajikistan
2974 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2975 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2976 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2977 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
2978 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2979 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2980 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
2981
2982 # Thailand
2983 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2984 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2985 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2986 7:00 - ICT
2987 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia
2988 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos
2989
2990 # Turkmenistan
2991 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2992 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2993 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2994 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
2995 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2996 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
2997 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2998 5:00 - TMT
2999
3000 # United Arab Emirates
3001 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3002 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
3003 4:00 - GST
3004 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman
3005
3006 # Uzbekistan
3007 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
3008 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3009 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
3010 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
3011 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
3012 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
3013 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
3014 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
3015 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
3016 5:00 - UZT
3017 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
3018 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
3019 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
3020 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3021 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
3022 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
3023 5:00 - UZT
3024
3025 # Vietnam
3026
3027 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
3028 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
3029 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
3030 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
3031 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
3032
3033 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
3034 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
3035 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
3036
3037 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
3038 # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
3039 # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
3040 # is quoted verbatim in:
3041 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
3042 # is translated by Brian Inglis in:
3043 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
|
122 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
123 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
124 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
125
126 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
127 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
128 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
129
130 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
131 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
132 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
133 #
134 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
135 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
136 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
137 # or
138 # (brief)
139 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
140 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
141 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
142 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
143 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
144 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
145 4:00 - +04 1997
146 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05
147
148 # Azerbaijan
149
150 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
151 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
152 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
153 # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
154
155 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
156 # ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
157 # daylight saving time....
158 # http://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
159 # http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
160 # http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
161
162 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
163 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
164 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
165 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
166 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
167 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
168 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
169 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
170 4:00 - +04 1996
171 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997
172 4:00 Azer +04/+05
173
174 # Bahrain
175 # See Asia/Qatar.
176
177 # Bangladesh
178 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
179 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
180 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
181 #
182 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
183 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
184 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
185 #
186 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
187 # June
188 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
189 # crippling power crisis. "
190 #
191 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
192 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
271 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
272 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
273 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
274 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
275 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
276 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
277 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
278 6:00 - IOT
279
280 # Brunei
281 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
282 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
283 7:30 - BNT 1933
284 8:00 - BNT
285
286 # Burma / Myanmar
287
288 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
289
290 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
291 Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
292 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
293 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
294 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
295 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
296
297 # Cambodia
298 # See Asia/Bangkok.
299
300
301 # China
302
303 # From Guy Harris:
304 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
305
306 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
307 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
308 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
309 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
310 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
311 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
386 # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
387 # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
388 # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
389 # became used by railways as well.
390 # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
391 # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on
392 # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
393 # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice
394 # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
395 # Japanese-occupied territory.
396 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
397 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
398 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
399 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
400 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
401 #
402 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
403 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
404 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
405 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
406 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
407 #
408 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
409 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
410 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
411 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
412 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
413 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
414 #
415 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
416 # Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
417 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
418 #
419 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
420 # Asia/Shanghai
421 # most of China
422 # This currently represents most other zones as well,
423 # as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
424 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
425 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
426 #
427 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of the area) UT +07
428 # Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
429 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
430 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
431 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
432 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
433 #
434 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
435 # Asia/Urumqi
436 # This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
437 # as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
438 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
439 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
440 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
441 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
442 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
443 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
444 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
445 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
446 #
447 # Kunlun Time UT +05:30
448 # Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
449 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
450 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
451 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
452 # and Yarkand.
453
454 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
455 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
456 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
457 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
458 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
459 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
460 #
461 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
462 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
463 # hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
464 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
465 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
466 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
467 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
468 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
469 #
470 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
471 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
472 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
473 #
474 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
475 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
476 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
477 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
478 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
479
480 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
481 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
482 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
483 #
499 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
500
501 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
502 # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
503 # http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
504
505 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
506 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
507 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
508 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
509 # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
510 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
511 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
512 # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
513 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
514 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
515 # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
516 # having the same time as Beijing.
517
518 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
519 # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
520 # but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
521 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
522 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
523 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
524 #
525 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
526 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
527 # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
528 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
529 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
530 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
531 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
532 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
533 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
534 # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
535 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
536 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before
537 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
538 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
539 # +08 mandate back then.
540
541 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
542 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
543 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
544 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
545 8:00 PRC C%sT
546 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
547 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
548 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
549 6:00 - XJT
550
551
552 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
553
554 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
555
556 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
557 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
558 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
559 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
724 #
725 # Original Bulletin:
726 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
727 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
728 #
729 # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
730 # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
731 #
732 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
733 #
734 # Here is a brief translation:
735 #
736 # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
737 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
738 # adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
739 #
740 # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
741 # be found from historical government announcement database.
742
743 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
744 # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01
745 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
746 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
747
748 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
749 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
750 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
751 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
752 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
753 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
754 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
755 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
756 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
757 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
758 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
759 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
760 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
761 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
762 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
763 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
764
838 # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
839 # of integration into Europe.
840
841 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
842 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
843 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
844 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
845 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
846 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
847 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
848 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
849 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
850
851 # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
852 # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
853 # Go with Byalokoz.
854
855 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
856 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880
857 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
858 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
859 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
860 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992
861 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun
862 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun
863 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun
864 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27
865 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
866 4:00 - +04
867
868 # East Timor
869
870 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
871
872 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
873 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
874 # <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
875 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
876 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
877 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
878 # conflicts with their way of life.
879
880 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
881 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
882 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
883
884 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
885 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
886 # (2000-08-16):
923 #
924 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
925 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
926 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
927 #
928 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
929 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
930 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
931 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
932 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
933 #
934 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
935 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
936 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
937 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
938 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
939 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
940 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
941 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
942 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
943 # from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
944 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
945 # switched on 1945-09-23.
946 #
947 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
948 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
949 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
950 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
951 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
952 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
953 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
954 # The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
955 #
956 # WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
957 # WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
958 # WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
959 #
960 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
961 # Java, Sumatra
962 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
963 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
964 # but this must be a typo.
965 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
966 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
967 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23
968 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
969 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
970 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
971 7:30 - WIB 1964
972 7:00 - WIB
973 # west and central Borneo
974 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
975 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
976 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29
977 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
978 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
1827
1828 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1829 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1830
1831 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1832 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1833 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
1834 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1835 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1836 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1837 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1838 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1839
1840 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1841 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1842 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1843 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1844 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1845 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1846 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1847 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
1848 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1849 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00
1850 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12
1851 6:00 - +06
1852
1853 ###############################################################################
1854
1855 # Korea (North and South)
1856
1857 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
1858 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
1859 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
1860 # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced
1861 # between 1987 and 1988 ...
1862
1863 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
1864 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
1865 # According to the Korean Wikipedia
1866 # http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
1867 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
1868 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old
1869 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
1870 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
1871 # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in
1872 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
1873
1874 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1875 Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1876 Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1877 Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
1878 Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1879 Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1880 Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
1881 Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
1882 Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
1883 Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
1884 Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
1885 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1886 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S
1887 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1888 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S
1889
1890 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
1891 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
1892 #
1893 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5)
1894 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
1895 # (Announcement No. 338)
1896 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
1897 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
1898 #
1899 # (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30
1900 # edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.)
1901 #
1902 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
1903 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
1904 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
1905 #
1906 # For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
1907 # have no information otherwise.
1908
1909 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
1910 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
1911 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
1912 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
1913 #
1914 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
1915 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
1916 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
1917 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
1918 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
1919 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
1920
1921 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1922 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1923 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1924 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1925 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
1926 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1927 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
2047 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
2048 # Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
2049 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
2050 #
2051 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
2052
2053 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
2054 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
2055 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
2056 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
2057 #
2058 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
2059 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
2060 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
2061
2062 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
2063 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
2064 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
2065 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
2066 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
2067 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST.
2068 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
2069 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
2070 # He also found
2071 # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
2072 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
2073 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
2074 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
2075 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
2076 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
2077 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
2078 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
2079
2080 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
2081 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
2082 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
2083 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
2084
2085 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
2086 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
2087 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
2683
2684 # Saudi Arabia
2685 #
2686 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
2687 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
2688 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
2689 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
2690 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
2691 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
2692 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
2693 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
2694 #
2695 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
2696 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
2697 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
2698 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
2699 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
2700 # earlier date.
2701 #
2702 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
2703 # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
2704 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
2705 #
2706 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2707 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
2708 3:00 - AST
2709 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
2710 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
2711
2712 # Singapore
2713 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2714 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2715 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2716 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2717 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2718 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2719 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2720 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2721 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2722 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2723 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2952 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
2953
2954 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
2955 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
2956
2957 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2958 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2959 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2960 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2961 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2962 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2963
2964 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2965 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2966 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2967
2968 # Tajikistan
2969 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2970 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2971 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2972 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
2973 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2974 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2975 5:00 - +05
2976
2977 # Thailand
2978 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2979 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2980 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2981 7:00 - ICT
2982 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia
2983 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos
2984
2985 # Turkmenistan
2986 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2987 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2988 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2989 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2990 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2991 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2992 5:00 - +05
2993
2994 # United Arab Emirates
2995 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2996 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2997 4:00 - GST
2998 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman
2999
3000 # Uzbekistan
3001 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
3002 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3003 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
3004 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
3005 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
3006 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
3007 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
3008 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
3009 5:00 - +05
3010 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
3011 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
3012 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
3013 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3014 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
3015 5:00 - +05
3016
3017 # Vietnam
3018
3019 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
3020 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
3021 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
3022 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
3023 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
3024
3025 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
3026 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
3027 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
3028
3029 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
3030 # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
3031 # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
3032 # is quoted verbatim in:
3033 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
3034 # is translated by Brian Inglis in:
3035 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
|